271 lines
33 KiB
XML
271 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="42961497EB88E59BFF8D91C9B78BA3F0" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.277398" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fe2a64a7-57f3-49ef-bdc8-01e381ebdc45" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="277398" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460299220786" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bonnet, Nadia Y. K. & Rocha, Rosana M." docDate="2011" docId="038F878EFFADFFE50BB5FAC8FE484D2B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02864p033.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2864" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ascidia monnioti Bonnet & Rocha, 2011, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFB6FFF6FFA2FFF70B22FFDFFFA0487F" masterDocTitle="The family Ascidiidae Herdman (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Description of six new species" masterLastPageNumber="33" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698252437224" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="4898D2A7F817D58A811888FB05AB9CFD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EF738272F6D0C40686BBA2EC18C25448">
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<mods:title id="9B20FF82D4888F0E32A2F686B43298A2">The family Ascidiidae Herdman (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Description of six new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="51F5254A94B3FAF766E9D3F99E9FEC38" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="280CC23FC6E4CBEB2124595AAF2D31CC">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F740D92F4F85FFA3D298934BDF165849">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="81582783ABE7FD3ED272B761A06F16C1">Bonnet, Nadia Y. K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="73466731F512AB5AB46D4A434A14491C" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="01810B69280B7ECA639F8FA5A01383E1">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FEE64762A567BE925E6D76A05F2303FB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="60AD06C56D696C0D55DF510C38DB3562">Rocha, Rosana M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1B591F9759077851BFCA08D9DDCDA9FE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8FC238350616E0527518D60C39D6A2FC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="97855E22B7F4B7A11036FF953B12388C">
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<mods:date id="D656EE904FBE7578625B5E71331DA04B">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="F12EF081F2DFF866F3F80E11A5C03FFD" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="DB60F14DC5B9B012C3A3E29F59E132DA">2864</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="ADBEB6F5997F1D1AA90B65A9B505AD06">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="CE8D070774FCA069774C82E7FCC3969D">33</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="784FD7E2155469A1A5DCBDABBCA8D45C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="85CBDF46A44944DA9214E96AA6F4CCD3" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.277398</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="576E085C5CA918C1A346A68CE2FAFC93" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EA2F28FAAA84F3C38B6CDAB1B30A5337" type="Zenodo-Dep">277398</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038F878EFFADFFE50BB5FAC8FE484D2B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6186573" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119399706" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6186573" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F878EFFADFFE50BB5FAC8FE484D2B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F878EFFADFFE50BB5FAC8FE484D2B" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="C33C6513FFADFFF80BB5FAC8FE8C4D2D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B993698FFADFFF80BB5FAC8FE694D4E" blockId="15.[151,457,1303,1362]" box="[151,457,1303,1329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="D0D181F4FFADFFF80BB5FAC8FE694D4E" bold="true" box="[151,457,1303,1329]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFADFFF80BB5FAC8FE694D4E" bold="true" box="[151,457,1303,1329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFADFFF80BB5FAC8FEC54D4E" box="[151,357,1303,1329]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monnioti" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFADFFF80BB5FAC8FEC54D4E" bold="true" box="[151,357,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ascidia monnioti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26157F1FFADFFF80A4EFAC8FE694D4E" box="[364,457,1303,1329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B993698FFADFFF80BB5FAE5FE8C4D2D" blockId="15.[151,457,1303,1362]" box="[151,300,1338,1362]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="131D2A1DFFADFFF80BBDFAE5FE844D2D" box="[159,292,1338,1362]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 10" captionStart-1="FIGURE 11" captionStartId-0="16.[151,250,1640,1663]" captionStartId-1="17.[151,250,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox-0="[317,1269,467,1618]" captionTargetBox-1="[205,1381,193,1919]" captionTargetId-0="figure@16.[317,1270,467,1619]" captionTargetId-1="figure@17.[205,1381,193,1920]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="17" captionText-0="FIGURE 10. Ascidia monnioti sp. nov. A. Animal in the field. B. Right side of body (without tunic). C. Left side of body (without tunic). Scale bar: B, C = 1.0 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 11. Ascidia monnioti sp. nov. A. Right side of body (external), showing muscles. B. Left side of body (external), showing the gut and gonads. C. Gut and gonads (internal). Scale bar: A, B, C = 1.0 cm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/277408/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/277409/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 10–11</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C6513FFADFFF80BB5FA5DFB3B4E31" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B993698FFADFFF80BB5FA5DFB574DE5" blockId="15.[151,1436,1410,2010]" box="[151,1271,1410,1435]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFADFFF80BB5FA5DFE204DE4" bold="true" box="[151,384,1410,1435]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="549D883AFFADFFF80AA5FA5DFE544DE5" box="[391,500,1410,1434]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE5DFFADFFF80ADCFA5DFDFB4DE5" box="[510,603,1410,1434]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MZUSP</collectionCode>
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00019—1 ind.;
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<collectingCountry id="F3317608FFADFFF80831FA5DFC9B4DE5" box="[787,827,1410,1434]" name="Iceland" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Isla</collectingCountry>
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Pastores;
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<quantity id="4CDE9B7DFFADFFF8088CFA5DFC504DE5" box="[942,1008,1410,1434]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
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, coral reef;
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<date id="FF981058FFADFFF80F54FA5DFB524DE5" box="[1142,1266,1410,1434]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2009-06-13">13/vi/2009</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B993698FFADFFF80BE7FA78FB3B4E31" blockId="15.[151,1436,1410,2010]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<typeStatus id="549D883AFFADFFF80BE7FA78FE964DC0" box="[197,310,1447,1471]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE5DFFADFFF80A62FA78FE294DC1" box="[320,393,1447,1470]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">DZUP</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE5DFFADFFF80AB2FA79FE674DC1" box="[400,455,1446,1470]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ASC</collectionCode>
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138—Casa Blanca; coral reef;
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<date id="FF981058FFADFFF80802FA79FC054DC1" box="[800,933,1446,1470]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2009-07-05">05/vii/2009</date>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE5DFFADFFF8088DFA78FC584DC1" box="[943,1016,1447,1470]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">DZUP</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE5DFFADFFF808DCFA79FB974DC1" box="[1022,1079,1446,1470]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ASC</collectionCode>
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134—1 ind.; Hospital Point; 8.0 m, coral reef;
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<date id="FF981058FFADFFF80A14FA15FE1C4D9D" box="[310,444,1482,1506]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2008-12-23">23/xii/2008</date>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE5DFFADFFF80AE5FA14FDB04D9D" box="[455,528,1483,1506]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">DZUP</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE5DFFADFFF8093AFA15FDF04D9D" box="[536,592,1482,1506]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ASC</collectionCode>
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137—2 ind.; Crawl Cay;
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<quantity id="4CDE9B7DFFADFFF8084FFA15FC104D9D" box="[877,944,1482,1506]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
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, coral reef;
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<date id="FF981058FFADFFF80F1BFA15FB164D9D" box="[1081,1206,1482,1506]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2009-06-14">14/vi/2009</date>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE5DFFADFFF80FE3FA14FAAA4D9D" box="[1217,1290,1483,1506]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">DZUP</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE5DFFADFFF80E30FA15FAE94D9D" box="[1298,1353,1482,1506]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ASC</collectionCode>
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132—2 ind.; Pastores island; coral reef;
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<date id="FF981058FFADFFF80932FA31FD3C4E79" box="[528,668,1518,1542]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2006-08-17">17/viii/2006</date>
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;
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE5DFFADFFF80989FA30FD544E79" box="[683,756,1519,1542]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">DZUP</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE5DFFADFFF809DCFA31FC984E79" box="[766,824,1518,1542]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ASC</collectionCode>
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133—1 ind.; Pastores island; coral reef;
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<date id="FF981058FFADFFF80E29FA31FA374E79" box="[1291,1431,1518,1542]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2006-08-20">20/viii/2006</date>
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;
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE5DFFADFFF80BB5F9CCFF404E55" box="[151,224,1555,1578]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">DZUP</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE5DFFADFFF80BC5F9CDFEBF4E55" box="[231,287,1554,1578]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ASC</collectionCode>
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135—2 ind.; Pastores island;
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<quantity id="4CDE9B7DFFADFFF80945F9CDFD094E55" box="[615,681,1554,1578]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
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, coral reef;
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<date id="FF981058FFADFFF8080FF9CDFC044E55" box="[813,932,1554,1578]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2009-02-25">25/ii/2009</date>
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;
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE5DFFADFFF8088DF9CDFBAC4E55" box="[943,1036,1554,1578]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MZUSP</collectionCode>
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00020—3 ind.; Pastores island;
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<quantity id="4CDE9B7DFFADFFF80E5BF9CDFF0F4E31" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
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, coral reef;
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<date id="FF981058FFADFFF80A16F9E9FE114E31" box="[308,433,1590,1614]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2009-06-13">13/vi/2009</date>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE5DFFADFFF80A99F9E8FDA44E31" box="[443,516,1591,1614]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">DZUP</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE5DFFADFFF80929F9E9FDE54E31" box="[523,581,1590,1614]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ASC</collectionCode>
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136—1 ind.; Big Bight; 1.0 m, coral reef;
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<date id="FF981058FFADFFF80F38F9E9FB374E31" box="[1050,1175,1590,1614]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2009-06-05">05/vi/2009</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C6513FFADFFF80BE5F984FDB04EE9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B993698FFADFFF80BE5F984FDB04EE9" blockId="15.[151,1436,1410,2010]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFADFFF80BE5F984FEEE4E0C" bold="true" box="[199,334,1627,1651]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The name is in homage to Claude and Françoise Monniot for their great contributions to the study of ascidian diversity in the world.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C6513FFADFFE50BE5F97DFE6F4B6B" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B993698FFADFFF80BE5F97DFA364F11" blockId="15.[151,1436,1410,2010]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFADFFF80BE5F97DFEE14EC4" bold="true" box="[199,321,1698,1723]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Live animals yellow with both siphons close together; tunic 1.0–2.0 mm, smooth without projections or incrustations, gelatinous and completely transparent; musculature on the right side comprising thick transverse fibers that may cross each other, sometimes as long as the dorsal-ventral width, sometimes divided forming two or more longitudinal patches; 10–16 round lobes in each siphon; 50–90 oral tentacles, slender and side by side; pharynx with 40–70 longitudinal vessels on each side; 4–8 stigmata per mesh; stomach with many internal folds; large alimentary canal, with sac-like dilation; smooth anus rim; elongated ovary inside the primary intestinal loop.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B993698FFADFFF80BE5F8A5FF734FA5" blockId="15.[151,1436,1410,2010]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Animals attach on the left side to living or dead coral in a vertical position, siphons pointing up. The tunic is very delicate and usually it tears when taking the animal from the substrate. It can be wrinkled in contracted animals.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B993698FFB2FFE70BE7FF48FCD34940" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,428]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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The body is elongate, cylindrical, slightly flat on both sides, 3.0–
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<quantity id="4CDE9B7DFFB2FFE70882FF48FC4B48D0" box="[928,1003,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="cm" value="7.5">7.5 cm</quantity>
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(including the oral siphon) by 1.0–
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<quantity id="4CDE9B7DFFB2FFE70E58FF48FF1C48AB" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="cm" value="2.1">2.1 cm</quantity>
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, without tunic. The oral siphon is 0.5–1.0 cm long and the atrial is 1.0–
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<quantity id="4CDE9B7DFFB2FFE708CCFF63FB9948AB" box="[1006,1081,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="cm" value="1.3">1.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
and displaced towards the oral siphon. Thus, in living animals, the apertures are close together. Both have conspicuous circular and longitudinal musculature, not forming bands. There are 10–16 triangular lobes on both siphons, with smooth or slightly indented margins, and a yellow or orange spot between the lobes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B993698FFB2FFE70BE7FE93FAE749D3" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,428]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">The body wall is colorless. On the right side, the body wall musculature comprises short and thick transverse fibers, parallel or even crossing each other and thin longitudinal fibers; fibers sometimes are not complete forming two or more longitudinal patches. On the left side, there are short transverse fibers along the dorsal margin.</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF596610FFB2FFE70BB5F9B7FD9B4EE2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277408/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[317,1269,467,1618]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B993698FFB2FFE70BB5F9B7FD9B4EE2" blockId="16.[151,1436,1640,1693]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB2FFE70BB5F9B7FE824E01" bold="true" box="[151,290,1640,1663]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFB2FFE70A08F9B7FE784E00" box="[298,472,1640,1663]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monnioti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB2FFE70A08F9B7FE784E00" box="[298,472,1640,1663]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ascidia monnioti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB2FFE70AC3F9B6FD944E01" bold="true" box="[481,564,1641,1662]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26157F1FFB2FFE70AC3F9B6FD944E01" box="[481,564,1641,1662]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
A. Animal in the field. B. Right side of body (without tunic). C. Left side of body (without tunic). Scale bar: B, C = 1.0 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B993698FFB2FFE50BE7F91BFF684940" blockId="16.[151,1436,1732,2034]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,1364]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The 50–90 oral tentacles are of four sizes, the largest 2.0–6.0 mm long, wide at the base, slender and close to one another. Tentacles project from a conspicuous but thin muscular ring. The double prepharyngeal groove has an anterior lamina with long filiform projections. The area between tentacles and prepharyngeal groove is
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B7DFFB2FFE70E34F8D5FA3C4F5D" box="[1302,1436,1802,1826]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and has small papillae (in variable density). The peritubercular area is U-shaped; the aperture of the dorsal tubercle is heart or U-shaped with or without enrolled ends. The neural ganglion varies in position but is usually closer to the atrial siphon and away from the dorsal tubercle. The dorsal lamina is double anteriorly (5.0 mm) and with small finger-like projections formed by the ends of the left transverse vessels, between which are additional small projections; the dorsal lamina wall close to the esophageal aperture lacks projections. The dorsal lamina is uniformly wide throughout and passes on the left of the esophageal aperture to the end of the pharynx. The ends of the right transverse vessels form a narrow membrane on the right side of the esophageal aperture. The pharynx has 40–60 longitudinal vessels on each side and as many as 232 transverse vessels; it is not pleated and meshes have 4– 8 stigmata. The primary papillae comprise one small lobe (some papillae have another lobe at the base), may have a lateral expansion on each side; pharynx lacks intermediate papillae, but there are few (if any) parastigmatic vessels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF596610FFB3FFE60BB5F87EFBAB4FA5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277409/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[205,1381,193,1919]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B993698FFB3FFE60BB5F87EFBAB4FA5" blockId="17.[151,1436,1953,2010]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB3FFE60BB5F87EFE804FC8" bold="true" box="[151,288,1953,1976]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFB3FFE60A0AF87EFE774FC8" box="[296,471,1953,1975]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monnioti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB3FFE60A0AF87EFE774FC8" box="[296,471,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ascidia monnioti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB3FFE60AFDF87DFD924FC8" bold="true" box="[479,562,1954,1975]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26157F1FFB3FFE60AFDF87DFD924FC8" box="[479,562,1954,1975]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A. Right side of body (external), showing muscles. B. Left side of body (external), showing the gut and gonads. C. Gut and gonads (internal). Scale bar: A, B, C = 1.0 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B993698FFB0FFE50BE7FE93FA88498B" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1364]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
The alimentary canal is large, occupying half of the left side of the body. It has a thin, transparent wall through which internal contents may be seen. The stomach is oval and wide with 10–18 internal folds. The intestine forms two loops and the descending portion is dilated as a sac-like pouch. The large, plain-rimmed anus is 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B7DFFB0FFE50E6CFE4BFA3C49D3" box="[1358,1436,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="2.7">2.7 cm</quantity>
|
||
from the oral tentacles at the level of the anterior extremity of the primary loop of the intestine. Irregularly-shaped papillae cover the stomach wall and the ascending portion of the intestine on the side of the atrial cavity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B993698FFB0FFE50BE7FE20FD3B4AB3" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1364]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">The lobed ovary occupies the space inside the primary intestinal loop and may be seen from both, outside and the atrial cavity, although it is usually more external. The oviduct opens by a large slit close and posterior to the anal aperture. The testis is extensively branched and comprises small pyriform follicles, covering the alimentary canal wall (including the rectum) on the atrial side; difficult to see externally. When well developed it also covers the primary intestinal loop making it impossible to see the ovary from inside. The sperm duct aperture is between the oviduct aperture and the anus, but smaller.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B993698FFB0FFE50BE7FD08FE6F4B6B" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1364]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">All samples had many copepods and some amphipods inside the pharynx and one had a large isopod between the body wall and the tunic.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C6513FFB0FFE50BE5FCFFFE484D2B" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B993698FFB0FFE50BE5FCFFFCDE4CDF" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1364]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB0FFE50BE5FCFFFE9B4B47" bold="true" box="[199,315,800,824]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The yellow color in life is very conspicuous in the field, though only the siphons are exposed. In the Caribbean region, two known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFB0FFE50ACEFC9BFDE04B23" box="[492,576,836,860]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB0FFE50ACEFC9BFDE04B23" box="[492,576,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have many lobes in the siphons:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFB0FFE50F32FC9BFF6F4B00" authority="Millar & Goodbody, 1974" authorityName="Millar & Goodbody" authorityYear="1974" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xamaycana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB0FFE50F32FC9BFB0F4B23" box="[1040,1199,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. xamaycana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B69FFB0FFE50F94FC9BFF6F4B00" author="Millar" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Millar, R. H. & Goodbody, I. (1974) New species of ascidian from the West Indies. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and Other Caribbean Islands, 148 (45), 142 - 161." type="journal article" year="1974">Millar & Goodbody, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFB0FFE50A24FCB7FD8C4B00" authority="Heller, 1878" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1878" box="[262,556,871,896]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB0FFE50A24FCB7FE364BFF" box="[262,406,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
Heller, 1878
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in addition to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFB0FFE509F6FCB7FC134BFF" box="[724,947,872,896]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB0FFE509F6FCB7FC134BFF" box="[724,947,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascidia panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB0FFE50899FCB7FBB54BFF" bold="true" box="[955,1045,872,896]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26157F1FFB0FFE50899FCB7FBB54BFF" box="[955,1045,872,896]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
All also have a dilated rectum and ovary within the primary intestinal loop. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFB0FFE509C6FC53FC254BDB" box="[740,901,908,932]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xamaycana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB0FFE509C6FC53FC254BDB" box="[740,901,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. xamaycana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is green in life, body musculature on the right side as a net, few oral tentacles (12–30), 2–3 stigmata per mesh, small alimentary canal without the secondary intestinal loop (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B69FFB0FFE50A64FC0BFDCB4B93" author="Millar" box="[326,619,980,1004]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Millar, R. H. & Goodbody, I. (1974) New species of ascidian from the West Indies. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and Other Caribbean Islands, 148 (45), 142 - 161." type="journal article" year="1974">Millar & Goodbody 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFB0FFE509A2FC0BFCB14B93" box="[640,785,980,1004]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB0FFE509A2FC0BFCB14B93" box="[640,785,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFB0FFE5086AFC0BFB874B93" box="[840,1063,980,1004]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB0FFE5086AFC0BFB874B93" box="[840,1063,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascidia panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB0FFE50F0DFC0BFB294B93" bold="true" box="[1071,1161,980,1004]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26157F1FFB0FFE50F0DFC0BFB294B93" box="[1071,1161,980,1004]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
have dark vessels in the tunic, a net of muscles fibers on the right side of the body and a big saculiform dilation in the rectum.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFB0FFE50E2BFC27FECA4C4B" authority="Sluiter, 1895" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1895" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gemmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB0FFE50E2BFC27FF6F4C4B" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascidia gemmata</emphasis>
|
||
Sluiter, 1895
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFB0FFE50918FBC3FD5B4C4B" box="[570,763,1052,1076]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monnioti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB0FFE50918FBC3FD5B4C4B" box="[570,763,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascidia monnioti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB0FFE50826FBC3FCFF4C4B" bold="true" box="[772,863,1052,1076]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26157F1FFB0FFE50826FBC3FCFF4C4B" box="[772,863,1052,1076]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: it has a yellow tunic, numerous lobes in the oral siphon, area between prepharyngeal groove and tentacles with many papillae, toothed dorsal lamina and dilated rectum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B69FFB0FFE50BD0FBBBFEC94C03" author="Kott" box="[242,361,1124,1148]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea. Part 1. Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memories of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, in the former the body musculature forms a net, the prepharyngeal groove is smooth, there are few internal folds in the stomach and the anus is bilobed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B993698FFB0FFE50BE7FB73FE484D2B" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1364]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFB0FFE50A6AFB73FE634CBB" box="[328,451,1196,1220]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ascidiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFB0FFE50AF2FB73FC904CBB" authority="Sluiter, 1915" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1915" box="[464,816,1196,1220]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Phallusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB0FFE50AF2FB73FD334CBB" box="[464,659,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Phallusia julinea</emphasis>
|
||
Sluiter, 1915
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has many siphon lobes, a toothed lamina on the right side of the esophageal aperture, 6–8 stigmata per mesh and dilated rectum that forms a sac-like pouch. Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFB0FFE50BDAFB2AFEC14D73" box="[248,353,1268,1292]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Phallusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB0FFE50BDAFB2AFEC14D73" box="[248,353,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. julinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may not have accessory openings (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B69FFB0FFE509C9FB2BFC2F4D73" author="Monniot" box="[747,911,1268,1292]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Monniot, C. (1987) Ascidies de Nouvelle-Caledonie. I. Phlebobranches du lagon. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 4 ser. Zool., 9 (1), 3 - 31." type="journal article" year="1987">Monniot 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as do the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFB0FFE50F2EFB2BFBC04D73" box="[1036,1120,1268,1292]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB0FFE50F2EFB2BFBC04D73" box="[1036,1120,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFB0FFE50E2AFB2BFF6A4D4F" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monnioti" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB0FFE50E2AFB2BFF6A4D4F" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ascidia monnioti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB0FFE50BF3FAC7FE8B4D4F" bold="true" box="[209,299,1304,1328]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26157F1FFB0FFE50BF3FAC7FE8B4D4F" box="[209,299,1304,1328]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1BFFB0FFE50A18FAC6FE034D4F" box="[314,419,1304,1328]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Phallusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8AFFB0FFE50A18FAC6FE034D4F" box="[314,419,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. julinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has indented lobes in the siphons, 70–90 longitudinal vessels on each side of the pharynx, and anus with multilobed rim.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |