471 lines
61 KiB
XML
471 lines
61 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="CC5767AC08AAFD2EBEA82FAACB8CDD04">Black Corals (Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from the Southwestern Atlantic</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC922FFA8F9EBFCF8FD0CF121" ID-CoL="4D6SX" authority="Opresko, 1999" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,661,801,828]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="helicosticha">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8FC922FFA8F9EBFCF8FE40F126" bold="true" box="[151,473,801,828]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Parantipathes helicosticha</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC922FFA8F89CFCF8FD0CF121" author="Opresko" box="[480,661,801,827]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="143 - 154" refId="ref48774" refString="Opresko, D. M. (1999) New species of Antipathes and Parantipathes (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from coastal waters of south Australia and Tasmania. Records of the South Australian Museum, 32 (2), 143 - 154." type="journal article" year="1999">Opresko, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="131D2A18C922FFA8F9EBFC9CFF70F145" box="[151,233,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1430,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 27. MNRJ 8600, MNRJ 8595: Parantipathes helicosticha Opresko, 1999. a 214 (MNRJ 8600)—Corallum morphology; b (MNRJ 8595)—Pinnulation pattern; c (MNRJ 215 8595)—organization of spines; d (MNRJ 8595)—Spines magnified." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528998" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528998/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131D2A18C922FFA8F989FC9CFE88F145" box="[245,273,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1720,1745]" captionTargetBox="[166,1424,1093,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[164,1424,1093,1701]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 28. Geographic distribution of Parantipathes helicosticha Opresko, 1999. Yellow circles: records extracted from the literature (Opresko, 1999; Molodtsova e Pasternak, 2005) and based on Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS). Red circle: record made in the present work." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3529000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3529000/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">28</figureCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC922FFA8F8CCFC51FD29F1BB" author="Opresko" box="[432,688,904,929]" firstAuthor="Opresko" page="147 - 150" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="143 - 154" refId="ref48774" refString="Opresko, D. M. (1999) New species of Antipathes and Parantipathes (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from coastal waters of south Australia and Tasmania. Records of the South Australian Museum, 32 (2), 143 - 154." type="journal article" year="1999">Opresko, 1999: 147–150</bibRefCitation>
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, fig 4–6; 2002: 437;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC922FFA8FAF4FC51FB64F1BB" author="Molodtsova & Pasternak" box="[904,1277,904,929]" firstAuthor="Molodtsova" page="169" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="169 - 179" refId="ref48255" refString="Molodtsova, T. N. & Pasternak, F. A. (2005) Redescription of Parantipathes euantha (Pasternak, 1958) (Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from Kurile-Kamchatka Trench. Invertebrate Zoology, 2 (2), 169 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 02.2.02" type="journal article" year="2005">Molodtsova & Pasternak, 2005: 169</bibRefCitation>
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, 173, 174, 175, 177 and 178;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC922FFA8F82EFC7EFDEAF1DA" author="Molodtsova" box="[338,627,935,960]" firstAuthor="Molodtsova" page="146 - 147" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="141 - 151" refId="ref48053" refString="Molodtsova, T. N. (2006) Black corals (Antipatharia: Anthozoa: Cnidaria) of the north-eastern Atlantic. In: Biogeography of the Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Press, Moscow, pp. 141 - 151." type="book chapter" year="2006">Molodtsova, 2006: 146–147</bibRefCitation>
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE58C922FFA8F88FFBEFFDA9F64A" box="[499,560,1078,1104]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">SAM</collectionCode>
|
||
H–752 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D883FC922FFA8FBEEFBEFFD63F64A" box="[658,762,1078,1104]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F331760DC922FFA8FA77FBEFFCECF64A" box="[779,885,1078,1104]" name="Australia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE12505AC922FFA8FA03FBEFFC7EF64A" box="[895,999,1078,1104]" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="6" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="15" seconds="0" value="-34.1">34º6’0”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE12505AC922FFA8FA8FFBECFB05F64A" box="[1011,1180,1077,1104]" degrees="131" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="58.8" value="131.333">131º19’58.8”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8FDD4FBEFFADDF64B" box="[1192,1348,1078,1105]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2175" metricValueMax="1.311" metricValueMin="1.124" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="1217.5" valueMax="1311.0" valueMin="1124.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000BD1AEC922FFA8FDD4FBEFFADDF64B" box="[1192,1348,1078,1105]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2175" metricValueMax="1.311" metricValueMin="1.124" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="1217.5" valueMax="1311.0" valueMin="1124.0">1124–1311 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99369DC922FFA8F9BBFB80FAD3F71F" blockId="49.[151,1437,1005,2041]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC922FFA8F9BBFB80FE2BF66E" bold="true" box="[199,434,1113,1140]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3CC0C922FFA8F8C6FB83FA88F683" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4418422305" collectingDate="2012-02-08" collectingMethod="Dredge" collectionCode="CPRM-EST" county="Rio Grande Rise" elevation="950" latitude="-31.166698" location="Rio Grande Rise" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-35.6565" municipality="Dredge" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="ERG 205, MNRJ 8595" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EF96046C922FFA8F8C6FB83FDE3F66E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F878BC922FFAAF9EBFCF8FC0DF622:8EF96046C922FFA8F8C6FB83FDE3F66E" box="[442,634,1114,1140]" county="Rio Grande Rise" latitude="-31.166698" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-35.6565" municipality="Dredge" name="Rio Grande Rise" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Rio Grande Rise</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE12505AC922FFA8FBFAFB83FCB7F66E" box="[646,814,1114,1140]" degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="17.28" value="-30.5548">30º33’17.28”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE12505AC922FFA8FA46FB83FC42F66F" box="[826,987,1114,1141]" degrees="36" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="7.32" value="-36.3187">36º19’7.32”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; initial depth:
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8FDFFFB80FB57F66F" box="[1155,1230,1113,1141]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="950.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000BD1AEC922FFA8FDFFFB80FB57F66F" box="[1155,1230,1113,1141]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="950.0">950 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
; final depth:
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8FC18FB80FF29F683" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="1250.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000BD1AEC922FFA8FC18FB80FF29F683" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="1250.0">1250 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. PROERG/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED37AE58C922FFA8F84FFBA7FE56F682" box="[307,463,1150,1176]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CPRM—EST</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB809EE6C922FFA8F8A5FBA7FDDBF682" box="[473,578,1149,1176]" collectionCode="CPRM-EST" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">ERG 205</specimenCode>
|
||
—Date:
|
||
<date id="FF98105DC922FFA8FBDDFBA7FCB9F682" box="[673,800,1150,1176]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2012-02-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDCE9B5C922FFA8FBDDFBA7FCB9F682" box="[673,800,1150,1176]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2012-02-08">08/02/2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
Amostr.:
|
||
<collectingMethod id="52674E8AC922FFA8FAF1FBA7FC46F682" box="[909,991,1150,1176]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Dredge</collectingMethod>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB809EE6C922FFA8FA91FBA7FBE2F682" box="[1005,1147,1149,1176]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">MNRJ 8595</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D20FD14C922FFA8FDFAFBA7FA90F683" box="[1158,1289,1150,1177]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3CC0C922FFA8FC67FBA7FD2AF6FB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4418422304" collectingDate="2011-06-17" collectingMethod="Dredge" collectionCode="CPRM-ERG" county="Rio Grande Rise" elevation="895" latitude="-31.166698" location="Rio Grande Rise" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-35.6565" municipality="Dredge" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="MNRJ 8600" specimenCount="856">
|
||
<location id="8EF96046C922FFA8FC67FBA7FF55F6A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F878BC922FFAAF9EBFCF8FC0DF622:8EF96046C922FFA8FC67FBA7FF55F6A6" county="Rio Grande Rise" latitude="-31.166698" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-35.6565" municipality="Dredge" name="Rio Grande Rise" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Rio Grande Rise</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE12505AC922FFA8F9A1FB7BFEEFF6A6" box="[221,374,1186,1212]" degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="0.12" value="-31.166698">31º10’0.12”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE12505AC922FFA8F8FBFB78FDB1F6A7" box="[391,552,1185,1213]" degrees="35" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="23.4" value="-35.6565">35º39’23.4”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; initial depth:
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8FBA1FB78FCB4F6A7" box="[733,813,1185,1213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.95" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="895.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000BD1AEC922FFA8FBA1FB78FCB4F6A7" box="[733,813,1185,1213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.95" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="895.0">895 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
; final depth:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D20FD14C922FFA8FAADFB78FBBCF6A7" box="[977,1061,1185,1213]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8FAADFB78FBB8F6A7" box="[977,1057,1185,1213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.55" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="855.0">855 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
PROERG/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED37AE58C922FFA8FDD4FB7BFAD0F6A6" box="[1192,1353,1186,1212]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CPRM—ERG</collectionCode>
|
||
068—
|
||
<date id="FF98105DC922FFA8F9EBFB1FFE8FF6FA" box="[151,278,1222,1248]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2011-06-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDCE9B5C922FFA8F9EBFB1FFE8FF6FA" box="[151,278,1222,1248]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2011-06-17">17/06/2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<collectingMethod id="52674E8AC922FFA8F85CFB1FFEEBF6FA" box="[288,370,1222,1248]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Dredge</collectingMethod>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB809EE6C922FFA8F8F8FB1FFD8FF6FA" box="[388,534,1222,1248]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">MNRJ 8600</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D20FD14C922FFA8FB58FB1FFD32F6FB" box="[548,683,1222,1249]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3CC0C922FFA8FBBCFB1FFADEF71F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4418422302" collectingDate="2012-02-06" collectingMethod="Dredge" collectionCode="CPRM-EST" county="Rio Grande Rise" elevation="1087" latitude="-31.166698" location="Rio Grande Rise" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-35.6565" municipality="Dredge" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="ERG 235, MNRJ 8642" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EF96046C922FFA8FBBCFB1FFC1DF6FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F878BC922FFAAF9EBFCF8FC0DF622:8EF96046C922FFA8FBBCFB1FFC1DF6FA" box="[704,900,1222,1248]" county="Rio Grande Rise" latitude="-31.166698" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-35.6565" municipality="Dredge" name="Rio Grande Rise" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Rio Grande Rise</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE12505AC922FFA8FAEEFB1FFB87F6FA" box="[914,1054,1222,1248]" degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="0.36" value="-31.150099">31º9’0.36”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE12505AC922FFA8FD50FB1CFB42F6FB" box="[1068,1243,1221,1249]" degrees="35" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="1" seconds="14.28" value="-35.7373">35º44’14.28”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; depth:
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8FC41FB1FFA01F6FB" box="[1341,1432,1222,1249]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.087" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="1087.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000BD1AEC922FFA8FC41FB1FFA01F6FB" box="[1341,1432,1222,1249]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.087" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="1087.0">1087 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. PROERG/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED37AE58C922FFA8F86DFB33FE36F71E" box="[273,431,1258,1284]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CPRM—EST</collectionCode>
|
||
.:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB809EE6C922FFA8F8C1FB33FDBCF71E" box="[445,549,1257,1284]" collectionCode="CPRM-EST" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">ERG 235</specimenCode>
|
||
—Date
|
||
<date id="FF98105DC922FFA8FB02FB33FD64F71E" box="[638,765,1258,1284]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2012-02-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDCE9B5C922FFA8FB02FB33FD64F71E" box="[638,765,1258,1284]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2012-02-06">06/02/2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
Amostr.:
|
||
<collectingMethod id="52674E8AC922FFA8FA17FB33FC24F71E" box="[875,957,1258,1284]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Dredge</collectingMethod>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB809EE6C922FFA8FAB0FB33FBC3F71E" box="[972,1114,1258,1284]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">MNRJ 8642</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D20FD14C922FFA8FD19FB33FB7EF71E" box="[1125,1255,1258,1284]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, frozen)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C922FFA8F9BBFAD4FC81F43E" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99369DC922FFA8F9BBFAD4FC81F43E" blockId="49.[151,1437,1005,2041]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC922FFA8F9BBFAD4FEDBF732" bold="true" box="[199,322,1293,1320]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
“Corallum sparsely branched and pinnulate. Pinnules simple, arranged biserially in 6-8 (rarely 9 or 10) rows, and in semi-spiral groups of 3–4 (rarely 5) pinnules each. Pinnules extending at nearly right angles to the direction of stem or branch on which they occur. Spines simple, smooth, acute, inclined distally;
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8FC50FA8FFF5AF78F" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.10–0.20 mm</quantity>
|
||
from center of base to apex. Spines arranged in axial rows, three or four of which are visible in lateral view; spaced
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8F996FA47FEE8F7A3" box="[234,369,1438,1465]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart in each row; with 2–3.5 spines per millimeter. Polyps transversely elongated,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8FC6AFA47FA04F7A3" box="[1302,1437,1438,1465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter from proximal edge of proximal tentacles to distal edge of distal tentacles. Polyps arranged uniserially on upper side of pinnules, facing towards the distal end of the stem or branches. Interpolypar space about
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8FC43FA3FFA01F41B" box="[1343,1432,1510,1537]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, resulting in four polyps per centimeter” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC922FFA8FB1CF9D3FC92F43E" author="Opresko" box="[608,779,1546,1572]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="143 - 154" refId="ref48774" refString="Opresko, D. M. (1999) New species of Antipathes and Parantipathes (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from coastal waters of south Australia and Tasmania. Records of the South Australian Museum, 32 (2), 143 - 154." type="journal article" year="1999">Opresko, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C922FFAAF9BBF9F4FE5DF372" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99369DC922FFAAF9BBF9F4FE5DF372" blockId="49.[151,1437,1005,2041]" lastBlockId="51.[151,1437,153,1080]" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC922FFA8F9BBF9F4FDF0F452" bold="true" box="[199,617,1581,1608]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Description of Brazilian specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
Corallum monopodial, unbranched, pinnulated. Soft tissue not preserved; skeleton dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D2A18C922FFA8F8F5F98BFE73F476" box="[393,490,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1430,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 27. MNRJ 8600, MNRJ 8595: Parantipathes helicosticha Opresko, 1999. a 214 (MNRJ 8600)—Corallum morphology; b (MNRJ 8595)—Pinnulation pattern; c (MNRJ 215 8595)—organization of spines; d (MNRJ 8595)—Spines magnified." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528998" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528998/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 27a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specimens with total lengths of approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8FD75F98BFBD7F477" box="[1033,1102,1618,1645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="cm" value="34.0">34 cm</quantity>
|
||
(MNRJ 8600),
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8FD81F988FADBF477" box="[1277,1346,1617,1645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="cm" value="58.0">58 cm</quantity>
|
||
(MNRJ 8595) and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8F873F9AFFECDF48B" box="[271,340,1654,1681]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="cm" value="38.0">38 cm</quantity>
|
||
(MNRJ 8642), only the specimen MNRJ 8600 has a basal disc. Stem thickness ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8FC17F9ACFF5AF4AF" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="1.25">1.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8F99BF940FED9F4AF" box="[231,320,1689,1717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Pinnules in bottlebrush pattern, with simple pinnules arranged in five to eight rows, reaching up to 10 rows at the distal end in specimen MNRJ 8642. Pinnules grouped into 3 (in the proximal portion of the coral) to 5 pinnules (in distal portion) per semiespiral group, being more common the occurrence of groups of 4 pinnules in the median portion of the coral (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D2A18C922FFA8FB58F8DFFD1EF53B" box="[548,647,1798,1825]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1430,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 27. MNRJ 8600, MNRJ 8595: Parantipathes helicosticha Opresko, 1999. a 214 (MNRJ 8600)—Corallum morphology; b (MNRJ 8595)—Pinnulation pattern; c (MNRJ 215 8595)—organization of spines; d (MNRJ 8595)—Spines magnified." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528998" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528998/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 27b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Length of pinnules between 0.5 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8FD46F8DFFB13F53B" box="[1082,1162,1798,1825]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="cm" value="2.6">2.6 cm</quantity>
|
||
, most common between 1.2 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8F98DF8F3FEB2F55F" box="[241,299,1834,1861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
, reaching greater length in the medial portion of the corallum. Pinnulation damaged in the most basal portions of the coral, in the three specimens analyzed. Basal diameter of the pinnules approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8FC7AF894FAF5F573" box="[1286,1388,1869,1897]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
, but up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8F9A6F8ABFEA6F597" box="[218,319,1906,1933]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
|
||
in MNRJ 8600. Distal angle of the pinnules with respect to the stem approximately 80°. Distance between groups of pinnules
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8F8A1F84FFD1CF5AB" box="[477,645,1941,1969]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="0.8">0.8 to 2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Pinnules Spacing of pinnules within the same group usually around
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8F9EBF863FF64F5CF" box="[151,253,1978,2005]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.30 mm</quantity>
|
||
, varying from
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8F8DFF863FE63F5CF" box="[419,506,1978,2005]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C922FFA8FB61F863FDEEF5CF" box="[541,631,1978,2005]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Number of pinnules per centimeter between 24 and 33. Spines conical, smooth, inclined towards the distal end of the pinnule (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D2A18C922FFA8FA71F807FCC6F5E3" box="[781,863,2014,2041]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,174,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1430,174,1913]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 27. MNRJ 8600, MNRJ 8595: Parantipathes helicosticha Opresko, 1999. a 214 (MNRJ 8600)—Corallum morphology; b (MNRJ 8595)—Pinnulation pattern; c (MNRJ 215 8595)—organization of spines; d (MNRJ 8595)—Spines magnified." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528998" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528998/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
c–d). Occasionally spines with a thin, curved apex toward the distal end of the pinnule. Spines on the pinnule arranged in 3 to 4 rows in lateral view, with a height between 0.06 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAF818FF64FE52F2CD" box="[356,459,189,215]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.13">0.13 mm</quantity>
|
||
, being more common near
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAFB83FF64FCCCF2CD" box="[767,853,189,215]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
on the polypar side of the medial and distal portion of the pinnule. Width of the base of spines varying from
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAFA69FF38FCE0F2E1" box="[789,889,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAFAE1FF38FC6FF2E1" box="[925,1014,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Distance between spines in the same row of approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAF8F2FEDCFE7CF305" box="[398,485,261,287]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, varying between 0.5 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAFA7BFEDCFCC7F305" box="[775,862,261,287]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with approximately 2 spines per millimeter in each row. Distance between rows of spines approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAFB8EFEF0FCD1F359" box="[754,840,297,323]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in the medial to distal portion of the pinnule. Polyps not visualized (lost tissue).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF596615C921FFABF9EBF855FA0FF5D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528998" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3528998" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528998/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" startId="50.[151,250,1932,1957]" targetBox="[151,1430,174,1913]" targetPageId="50">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99369DC921FFABF9EBF855FA0FF5D3" blockId="50.[151,1436,1932,1993]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC921FFABF9EBF855FEB9F5BF" bold="true" box="[151,288,1932,1957]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 27.</emphasis>
|
||
MNRJ 8600, MNRJ 8595:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC921FFABFB46F855FC70F5BE" authority="Opresko, 1999" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="1999" box="[570,1001,1932,1957]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="helicosticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC921FFABFB46F855FCD3F5BE" box="[570,842,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Parantipathes helicosticha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC921FFABFA2DF855FC70F5BE" author="Opresko" box="[849,1001,1932,1957]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="143 - 154" refId="ref48774" refString="Opresko, D. M. (1999) New species of Antipathes and Parantipathes (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from coastal waters of south Australia and Tasmania. Records of the South Australian Museum, 32 (2), 143 - 154." type="journal article" year="1999">Opresko, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. a 214 (MNRJ 8600)—Corallum morphology; b (MNRJ 8595)—Pinnulation pattern; c (MNRJ 215 8595)—organization of spines; d (MNRJ 8595)—Spines magnified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C920FFAAF9BBFEA8FBE5F1D1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99369DC920FFAAF9BBFEA8FBE5F1D1" blockId="51.[151,1437,153,1080]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC920FFAAF9BBFEA8FEA2F391" bold="true" box="[199,315,369,395]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC920FFAAF805FEABFD84F391" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="1999" box="[377,541,369,395]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="helicosticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC920FFAAF805FEABFD84F391" box="[377,541,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. helicosticha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from the Rio Grande Rise present slightly larger pinnules than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D883FC920FFAAF9EBFE4CFF60F3B5" box="[151,249,405,431]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAF837FE4CFE0EF3B5" box="[331,407,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="cm" value="2.6">2.6 cm</quantity>
|
||
in the Rio Grande Rise, compared to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAFA3FFE4CFCE2F3B5" box="[835,891,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
in those described in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC920FFAAFD0FFE4CFA85F3B5" author="Opresko" box="[1139,1308,405,431]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="143 - 154" refId="ref48774" refString="Opresko, D. M. (1999) New species of Antipathes and Parantipathes (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from coastal waters of south Australia and Tasmania. Records of the South Australian Museum, 32 (2), 143 - 154." type="journal article" year="1999">Opresko, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the organization and density of the pinnules (up to 33 pinnules per cm in the present work, against 24–36 pinnules per cm in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D883FC920FFAAF84AFE04FE05F3E2" box="[310,412,477,504]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), and with a basal diameter of approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAFAD8FE04FC65F3ED" box="[932,1020,477,503]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC920FFAAFD77FE04FAE9F3ED" author="Molodtsova & Pasternak" box="[1035,1392,476,503]" firstAuthor="Molodtsova" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="169 - 179" refId="ref48255" refString="Molodtsova, T. N. & Pasternak, F. A. (2005) Redescription of Parantipathes euantha (Pasternak, 1958) (Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from Kurile-Kamchatka Trench. Invertebrate Zoology, 2 (2), 169 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 02.2.02" type="journal article" year="2005">Molodtsova & Pasternak, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as well as the general pattern of pinnulation, confirm the identification of the specimens for this taxon. The spines of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC920FFAAF9BCFDFFFEFAF025" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="1999" box="[192,355,549,575]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="helicosticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC920FFAAF9BCFDFFFEFAF025" box="[192,355,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. helicosticha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples described herein have a shape and density similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D883FC920FFAAFD3FFDFCFB3CF025" box="[1091,1189,549,575]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
spines, the size of the polypar spines being slightly smaller than that reported in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC920FFAAFA4FFD90FC40F079" author="Opresko" box="[819,985,585,611]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="143 - 154" refId="ref48774" refString="Opresko, D. M. (1999) New species of Antipathes and Parantipathes (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from coastal waters of south Australia and Tasmania. Records of the South Australian Museum, 32 (2), 143 - 154." type="journal article" year="1999">Opresko, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAFA95FD90FB09F079" box="[1001,1168,585,611]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.105" valueMax="0.13" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.13 mm</quantity>
|
||
in the present samples, against
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAF991FDB4FE11F09D" box="[237,392,621,647]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1 to 0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D883FC920FFAAF8D7FDB4FD8BF092" box="[427,530,621,648]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC920FFAAFBEBFDB4FCDEF09D" author="Opresko" box="[663,839,621,647]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="143 - 154" refId="ref48774" refString="Opresko, D. M. (1999) New species of Antipathes and Parantipathes (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from coastal waters of south Australia and Tasmania. Records of the South Australian Museum, 32 (2), 143 - 154." type="journal article" year="1999">Opresko (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions that one of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D883FC920FFAAFD1DFDB4FB55F09D" box="[1121,1228,621,647]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(SAM H-752) has slightly smaller spines than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D883FC920FFAAF885FD48FDC6F0B1" box="[505,607,657,683]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The spines of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC920FFAAFA4CFD4BFC4BF0B1" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="1999" box="[816,978,657,683]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="helicosticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC920FFAAFA4CFD4BFC4BF0B1" box="[816,978,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. helicosticha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens detailed here, as expected for the species, are larger than the spines of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC920FFAAFBA9FD6CFCEDF0D5" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[725,884,693,719]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC920FFAAFBA9FD6CFCEDF0D5" box="[725,884,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Parantipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
already recorded for the Atlantic (
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAFD8BFD6CFA04F0D5" box="[1271,1437,693,719]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.075" valueMax="0.09" valueMin="0.06">0.06–0.09 mm</quantity>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC920FFAAF9C1FD03FE06F0E9" authority="Brook, 1889" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[189,415,729,755]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="larix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC920FFAAF9C1FD03FE95F0E9" box="[189,268,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. larix</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC920FFAAF86EFD00FE06F0E9" author="Brook" box="[274,415,729,755]" firstAuthor="Brook" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref46539" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 32, 1." type="journal volume" year="1889">Brook, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAF8D6FD00FDACF0E9" box="[426,565,729,755]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" metricValueMax="2.286" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="in" value="0.06" valueMax="0.09" valueMin="0.03">0.03–0.09 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC920FFAAFB47FD03FC0DF0EE" authority="(Pourtales, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Pourtales" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[571,916,729,756]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tetrasticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC920FFAAFB47FD03FD54F0E9" box="[571,717,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. tetrasticha</emphasis>
|
||
(Pourtalès, 1868)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAFAE3FD01FBB2F0E9" box="[927,1067,728,755]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="in" value="0.04" valueMax="0.05" valueMin="0.03">0.03–0.05 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC920FFAAFD4CFD03FA08F0EE" authority="Molodtsova, 2006" authorityName="Molodtsova" authorityYear="2006" box="[1072,1425,729,756]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hirondelle">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC920FFAAFD4CFD03FB25F0E9" box="[1072,1212,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. hirondelle</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC920FFAAFDBEFD00FA08F0EE" author="Molodtsova" box="[1218,1425,729,756]" firstAuthor="Molodtsova" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="141 - 151" refId="ref48053" refString="Molodtsova, T. N. (2006) Black corals (Antipatharia: Anthozoa: Cnidaria) of the north-eastern Atlantic. In: Biogeography of the Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Press, Moscow, pp. 141 - 151." type="book chapter" year="2006">Molodtsova, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In addition, the studied material differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC920FFAAFBEDFD27FD7BF10D" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[657,738,765,791]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="larix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC920FFAAFBEDFD27FD7BF10D" box="[657,738,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. larix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC920FFAAFA64FD27FC35F10D" baseAuthorityName="Pourtales" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[792,940,765,791]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tetrasticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC920FFAAFA64FD27FC35F10D" box="[792,940,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. tetrasticha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because it has smaller pinnules (
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAFC61FD25FA05F10D" box="[1309,1436,764,791]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="cm" value="1.55" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2.6 cm</quantity>
|
||
compared to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAF852FCF8FE08F121" box="[302,401,801,827]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="cm" value="9.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="6.0">6–12 cm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC920FFAAF8C5FCFBFD95F121" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[441,524,801,827]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="larix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC920FFAAF8C5FCFBFD95F121" box="[441,524,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. larix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAFB3BFCF8FD19F121" box="[583,640,801,827]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC920FFAAFBD5FCFBFCA7F121" baseAuthorityName="Pourtales" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[681,830,801,827]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tetrasticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC920FFAAFBD5FCFBFCA7F121" box="[681,830,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. tetrasticha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The Rio Grande Rise samples are morphologically close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC920FFAAF98FFC9CFD43F145" authority="Opresko, 2015" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2015" box="[243,730,836,863]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dodecasticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC920FFAAF98FFC9CFDB4F145" box="[243,557,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Parantipathes dodecasticha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC920FFAAFB4FFC9CFD43F145" author="Opresko" box="[563,730,836,863]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="145 - 164" refId="ref49206" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2015) New species of black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from New Zealand and adjacent regions. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 42 (3), 145 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.2015.1051550" type="journal article" year="2015">Opresko, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F331760DC920FFAAFA01FC9CFB8EF145" box="[893,1047,837,863]" name="New Zealand" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Said specimens differ primarily in number of pinnules per centimeter (
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAFB5EFCB0FD1CF199" box="[546,645,873,899]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.239" metricValueMax="8.382" metricValueMin="6.096" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="in" value="28.5" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="24.0">24–33 in</quantity>
|
||
the present work, versus
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAFAE2FCB1FC62F199" box="[926,1019,872,899]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.525" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="8.89" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="in" value="37.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="35.0">35-40 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC920FFAAFD7CFCB3FB36F199" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2015" box="[1024,1199,873,899]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dodecasticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC920FFAAFD7CFCB3FB36F199" box="[1024,1199,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. dodecasticha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), number of pinnules per semispiral group (
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAF8ECFC55FE40F1BD" box="[400,473,908,935]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 in</quantity>
|
||
the present work, against
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAFA7FFC55FCD2F1BD" box="[771,843,908,935]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" metricValueMax="1.778" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="in" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC920FFAAFA2FFC57FB9DF1BD" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2015" box="[851,1028,909,935]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dodecasticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC920FFAAFA2FFC57FB9DF1BD" box="[851,1028,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. dodecasticha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and density of spines (2 spines per mm in the present work, against 4–5 spines per mm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC920FFAAFB82FC6BFC34F1D1" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2015" box="[766,941,945,971]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dodecasticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC920FFAAFB82FC6BFC34F1D1" box="[766,941,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. dodecasticha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC920FFAAFAB9FC68FBE9F1D1" author="Opresko" box="[965,1136,944,971]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="145 - 164" refId="ref49206" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2015) New species of black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from New Zealand and adjacent regions. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 42 (3), 145 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.2015.1051550" type="journal article" year="2015">Opresko, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C920FFAAF9BBFC0DFC0DF622" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99369DC920FFAAF9BBFC0DFC0DF622" blockId="51.[151,1437,153,1080]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC920FFAAF9BBFC0DFEF8F1F5" bold="true" box="[199,353,980,1007]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E2F87FC920FFAAF81BFC0CFD8CF1F5" box="[359,533,981,1007]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">South Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
and South
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E2F87FC920FFAAFBEFFC0CFD67F1F5" box="[659,766,981,1007]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC920FFAAFA71FC0CFC21F1F5" author="Opresko" box="[781,952,981,1007]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="143 - 154" refId="ref48774" refString="Opresko, D. M. (1999) New species of Antipathes and Parantipathes (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from coastal waters of south Australia and Tasmania. Records of the South Australian Museum, 32 (2), 143 - 154." type="journal article" year="1999">Opresko, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Valdivia Seamount, Walvis Ridge, Southeast Atlantic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC920FFAAF84FFC20FD00F609" author="Molodtsova & Pasternak" box="[307,665,1016,1043]" firstAuthor="Molodtsova" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="169 - 179" refId="ref48255" refString="Molodtsova, T. N. & Pasternak, F. A. (2005) Redescription of Parantipathes euantha (Pasternak, 1958) (Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from Kurile-Kamchatka Trench. Invertebrate Zoology, 2 (2), 169 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 02.2.02" type="journal article" year="2005">Molodtsova & Pasternak, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and Southwestern Atlantic, Rio Grande Rise (this work) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D2A18C920FFAAFC46FC20FA16F609" box="[1338,1423,1017,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1720,1745]" captionTargetBox="[166,1424,1093,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[164,1424,1093,1701]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 28. Geographic distribution of Parantipathes helicosticha Opresko, 1999. Yellow circles: records extracted from the literature (Opresko, 1999; Molodtsova e Pasternak, 2005) and based on Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS). Red circle: record made in the present work." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3529000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3529000/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
); from
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAF9A9FBC5FE85F62D" box="[213,284,1052,1079]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="575.0">575 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC920FFAAF856FBC4FD13F62D" author="Molodtsova & Pasternak" box="[298,650,1052,1079]" firstAuthor="Molodtsova" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="169 - 179" refId="ref48255" refString="Molodtsova, T. N. & Pasternak, F. A. (2005) Redescription of Parantipathes euantha (Pasternak, 1958) (Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from Kurile-Kamchatka Trench. Invertebrate Zoology, 2 (2), 169 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 02.2.02" type="journal article" year="2005">Molodtsova & Pasternak, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C920FFAAFBC9FBC5FC93F62D" box="[693,778,1052,1079]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="1250.0">1250 m</quantity>
|
||
(this work).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |