161 lines
20 KiB
XML
161 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="3C9FE006714AB7A7CF900BFA6CE4F88B" ID-CLB-Dataset="24975" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4692.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ead7ec31-b9d4-49f3-a006-a67fff6ad623" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3528942" ID-ZooBank="F054DC68-6A7E-4C80-9094-8ECCA4502CD6" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1572939049273" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lima, Manuela M., Cordeiro, Ralf T. S. & Perez, Carlos D." docDate="2019" docId="038F878BC91DFF96F9EBFAEEFECFF3ED" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4692.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4692 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Cladopathes plumosa Brook 1889" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FFB6FFF3C913FF99F97CFFD9FF99F21A" masterDocTitle="Black Corals (Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from the Southwestern Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698698950520" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8831E18D32EEB390A797D6AFFB837340">Black Corals (Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from the Southwestern Atlantic</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="295A27DF86ECE53DC292C8DFC42F0D0C">Lima, Manuela M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D563E579FE36A607EC2B0862C746C0CC">Cordeiro, Ralf T. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E681DE87153A65A40C78F144794C4CF1">Perez, Carlos D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7FF624F9CD43A2A39ACD02F6F57E4B31">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="649C5E52AE8D9833C0578F82B6657922">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038F878BC91DFF96F9EBFAEEFECFF3ED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5688335" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160134069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5688335" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F878BC91DFF96F9EBFAEEFECFF3ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F878BC91DFF96F9EBFAEEFECFF3ED" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="C33C6516C91DFF97F9EBFAEEFDA3F74B" box="[151,570,1335,1362]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B99369DC91DFF97F9EBFAEEFDA3F74B" blockId="14.[151,570,1335,1397]" box="[151,570,1335,1362]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="D0D181F1C91DFF97F9EBFAEEFDA3F74B" bold="true" box="[151,570,1335,1362]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC91DFF97F9EBFAEEFDA3F74B" ID-CoL="VPQJ" ID-ENA="2733782" authority="Brook, 1889" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,570,1335,1362]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Cladopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="plumosa">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8FC91DFF97F9EBFAEEFDA3F74B" bold="true" box="[151,570,1335,1362]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8FC91DFF97F9EBFAEEFE02F748" bold="true" box="[151,411,1335,1362]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cladopathes plumosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC91DFF97F8DEFAEEFDA3F74B" author="Brook" box="[418,570,1335,1361]" firstAuthor="Brook" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref46539" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 32, 1." type="journal volume" year="1889">Brook, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C6516C91DFF97F9EBFA82FF7EF76F" box="[151,231,1370,1397]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B99369DC91DFF97F9EBFA82FF7EF76F" blockId="14.[151,570,1335,1397]" box="[151,231,1370,1397]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<figureCitation id="131D2A18C91DFF97F9EBFA82FF7EF76F" box="[151,231,1370,1397]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1966,1991]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,995,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,995,1903]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 35. Geographic distribution of antipatharians species occurring in the Southwestern Atlantic not analyzed in the present work." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3529016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3529016/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C6516C91DFF97F9EBFA46FBFCF7AD" box="[151,1125,1439,1464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B99369DC91DFF97F9EBFA46FBFCF7AD" blockId="14.[151,1125,1439,1464]" box="[151,1125,1439,1464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC91DFF97F9EBFA46FDF8F7A2" ID-CoL="VPQJ" authority="Brook, 1889: 157 - 158" authorityName="Brook" authorityPageNumber="157" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,609,1439,1464]" class="Anthozoa" family="Cladopathidae" genus="Cladopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="plumosa">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8FC91DFF97F9EBFA46FEEDF7AD" box="[151,372,1439,1463]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cladopathes plumosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC91DFF97F806FA46FDF8F7A2" author="Brook" box="[378,609,1439,1464]" firstAuthor="Brook" page="157 - 158" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref46539" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 32, 1." type="journal volume" year="1889">Brook, 1889: 157–158</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl.2, figs. 1–4;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC91DFF97FA79FA46FB9BF7A2" author="Opresko, D. M." box="[773,1026,1439,1464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="495 - 536" refId="ref48892" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2003) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part III. Cladopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen, 77, 495 - 536." type="journal article" year="2003">Opresko, 2003: 498–502</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 1,2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C6516C91DFF97F9EBFA3FFF2DF43E" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B99369DC91DFF97F9EBFA3FFF2DF43E" blockId="14.[151,1437,1509,2041]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8FC91DFF97F9EBFA3FFE3BF41A" bold="true" box="[151,418,1509,1536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type and type locality.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B4E3CC0C91DFF97F8D4FA3FFF2DF43E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2446840129" collectionCode="BMNH" elevation="558" latitude="-46.683334" location="Prince Edwards Island" longLatPrecision="1122" longitude="38.166668" municipality="Indian Ocean" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="BMNH 90.4" specimenCount="558" typeStatus="holotype">
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<specimenCode id="DB809EE6C91DFF97F8D4FA3FFDACF41A" box="[424,565,1510,1536]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">BMNH 90.4</specimenCode>
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.9.26 (
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<typeStatus id="549D883FC91DFF97FB05FA3FFD7BF41B" box="[633,738,1510,1537]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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):
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<geoCoordinate id="EE12505AC91DFF97FB88FA3FFCCAF41A" box="[756,851,1510,1536]" degrees="46" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="-46.683334">46°41’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE12505AC91DFF97FA21FA3FFC24F41A" box="[861,957,1510,1536]" degrees="38" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="38.166668">38°10’E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<location id="8EF96046C91DFF97FAB4FA3FFB5CF41A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F878BC91DFF96F9EBFAEEFECFF3ED:8EF96046C91DFF97FAB4FA3FFB5CF41A" box="[968,1221,1510,1536]" latitude="-46.683334" longLatPrecision="1122" longitude="38.166668" municipality="Indian Ocean" name="Prince Edwards Island" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prince Edwards Island</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDACE7C91DFF97FDACFA3FFAFEF41A" box="[1232,1383,1510,1536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Indian Ocean</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D20FD14C91DFF97FC0EFA3CFF2DF43E" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">
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<quantity id="4CDE9B78C91DFF97FC0EFA3CFF29F43E" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.58" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="558.0">
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<elevation id="000BD1AEC91DFF97FC0EFA3CFF29F43E" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.58" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="558.0">558 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C6516C91DFF96F9BBF9F4FB76F391" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B99369DC91DFF96F9BBF9F4FB76F391" blockId="14.[151,1437,1509,2041]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,153,503]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B952EA8FC91DFF97F9BBF9F4FEDBF452" bold="true" box="[199,322,1581,1608]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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“Corallum branched to the 7th order or more, shrub-like or planar. Stem and branches pinnulate and subpinnulate. Arrangement and spacing of pinnules and subpinnules very variable, especially on larger branches. On smallest branchlets primary pinnules often in clusters of three (rarely two or four), consisting of two anterolateral pinnules and one lateral (or posterolateral or posterior) pinnule. Anterior-most primary pinnules usually with one or two secondary pinnules (range zero to four). Secondary pinnules often subopposite when two occur on same primary. Lateral (posterolateral or posterior) primary pinnules usually simple, but sometimes with one or more secondary pinnules, especially on larger branches. Secondary pinnules may be present on primary pinnules even at tips of smallest branchlets. Tertiary pinnules occasionally present on some secondary pinnules on anterior primary pinnules and very rarely on secondary pinnules on posterior (or posterolateral) primary pinnules. Tertiary pinnules often directed basally relative to branch direction. Longest primary pinnules (usually lateral or posterior ones) mostly 0.5 to 1.0 cm long, but some up to
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<quantity id="4CDE9B78C91DFF97FB64F84CFDFDF5AA" box="[536,612,1941,1968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
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long, and
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<quantity id="4CDE9B78C91DFF97FBA4F84CFCF4F5AA" box="[728,877,1941,1968]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="0.225" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.25 mm</quantity>
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(up to
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<quantity id="4CDE9B78C91DFF97FAC6F84FFB88F5AA" box="[954,1041,1942,1968]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
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) in diameter near the base. Primary pinnules mostly
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<quantity id="4CDE9B78C91DFF97F82CF863FE34F5CE" box="[336,429,1978,2004]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
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apart in each anterior row, with up to 16 pinnules per centimeter in all rows. Primary pinnules generally directed distally (straight and/or curved distally) relative to the branch on which they occur; distal angle of posterior primaries about 60º; distal angle of anterior primary pinnules 60–80º. Secondary pinnules inclined distally relative to the primary pinnule on which they occur. Spines on pinnules simple, smooth, acute, usually
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||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C91CFF96F9EBFF38FEA2F2E1" box="[151,315,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.07" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.06">0.06–0.08 mm</quantity>
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from center of base to apex; arranged in rows, with three or four rows visible (not including spines only partially visible); mostly
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<quantity id="4CDE9B78C91CFF96F890FEDCFD13F305" box="[492,650,261,287]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2 to 0.3 mm</quantity>
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apart in each row, with three to less than five spines per millimeter in each row. Central axial canal variable in size; as small as
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<quantity id="4CDE9B78C91CFF96FA5CFEF0FCEEF359" box="[800,887,297,323]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
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||
in diameter at tips of pinnules and up to
|
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<quantity id="4CDE9B78C91CFF96FC3AFEF0FA04F359" box="[1350,1437,297,323]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
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in diameter on some branches. Polyps mostly
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<quantity id="4CDE9B78C91CFF96FBE0FE94FD63F37D" box="[668,762,333,359]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
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||
in transverse diameter with three polyps per centimeter, but sometimes as much as
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C91CFF96F8E4FEA9FE6CF391" box="[408,501,368,395]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
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||
in diameter, with only two polyps per centimeter” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC91CFF96FD4BFEA8FB7AF391" author="Opresko, D. M." box="[1079,1251,369,395]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="495 - 536" refId="ref48892" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2003) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part III. Cladopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen, 77, 495 - 536." type="journal article" year="2003">Opresko, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C91CFF96F9BBFE4DFECFF3ED" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
|
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<paragraph id="8B99369DC91CFF96F9BBFE4DFECFF3ED" blockId="15.[151,1437,153,503]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC91CFF96F9BBFE4DFEF8F3B5" bold="true" box="[199,353,404,431]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Indian Ocean, Prince Edwards Island (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC91CFF96FA62FE4CFC28F3B5" author="Brook" box="[798,945,405,431]" firstAuthor="Brook" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref46539" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 32, 1." type="journal volume" year="1889">Brook, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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), South Atlantic,
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<collectingCountry id="F331760DC91CFF96FD09FE4CFAAFF3B5" box="[1141,1334,405,431]" name="Ascension Island" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ascension Island</collectingCountry>
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(fig. 35) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC91CFF96F9E3FE60FED0F3C9" author="Opresko, D. M." box="[159,329,441,467]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="495 - 536" refId="ref48892" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2003) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part III. Cladopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen, 77, 495 - 536." type="journal article" year="2003">Opresko, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Great Barrier Reef,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F331760DC91CFF96FB15FE60FD49F3C9" box="[617,720,441,467]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC91CFF96FBA3FE60FC15F3C9" author="Opresko, D. M." box="[735,908,441,467]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="495 - 536" refId="ref48892" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2003) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part III. Cladopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen, 77, 495 - 536." type="journal article" year="2003">Opresko, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); from
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C91CFF96FAA3FE61FBBEF3C9" box="[991,1063,440,467]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.58" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="558.0">558 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC91CFF96FD4BFE60FB5EF3C9" author="Brook" box="[1079,1223,441,467]" firstAuthor="Brook" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref46539" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 32, 1." type="journal volume" year="1889">Brook, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C91CFF96FD89FE60FAD2F3C9" box="[1269,1355,441,467]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="1080.0">1080 m</quantity>
|
||
depths (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC91CFF96F9E3FE04FED3F3ED" author="Opresko, D. M." box="[159,330,477,503]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="495 - 536" refId="ref48892" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2003) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part III. Cladopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen, 77, 495 - 536." type="journal article" year="2003">Opresko, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |