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<document id="EA5158609A64F11EEC127D0FDBBC1CA6" ID-CLB-Dataset="24975" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4692.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ead7ec31-b9d4-49f3-a006-a67fff6ad623" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3528942" ID-ZooBank="F054DC68-6A7E-4C80-9094-8ECCA4502CD6" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1572939049273" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lima, Manuela M., Cordeiro, Ralf T. S. &amp; Perez, Carlos D." docDate="2019" docId="038F878BC916FF9EF9EBFA76FEFCF37D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4692.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4692 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Antipathes atlantica Gray 1857" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFB6FFF3C913FF99F97CFFD9FF99F21A" masterDocTitle="Black Corals (Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from the Southwestern Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698698950520" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E551EEEC8A3D72F2471487B6AB896C65">Black Corals (Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from the Southwestern Atlantic</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5349824F18D7050EDF1C4AD487F453C8">Lima, Manuela M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3B35520AB65BFC9875EE220B433E3FB6">Cordeiro, Ralf T. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="08DE04997855C616747F5BD273B99677">Perez, Carlos D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A50EF1E64B0A861222AA6B08B6CA3BDA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038F878BC916FF9EF9EBFA76FEFCF37D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5688321" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160134037" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5688321" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F878BC916FF9EF9EBFA76FEFCF37D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F878BC916FF9EF9EBFA76FEFCF37D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<paragraph id="8B99369DC916FF9CF9EBFA76FD82F7D0" blockId="5.[151,539,1455,1518]" box="[151,539,1455,1482]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="D0D181F1C916FF9CF9EBFA76FD82F7D0" bold="true" box="[151,539,1455,1482]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC916FF9CF9EBFA76FD82F7D0" ID-CoL="F28R" ID-ENA="639589" authority="Gray, 1857" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,539,1455,1482]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC916FF9CF9EBFA76FD82F7D0" bold="true" box="[151,539,1455,1482]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC916FF9CF9EBFA76FE12F7D0" bold="true" box="[151,395,1455,1482]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Antipathes atlantica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC916FF9CF8EEFA76FD82F7D0" author="Gray" box="[402,539,1455,1482]" firstAuthor="Gray" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="278 - 294" refId="ref47448" refString="Gray, D. R. (1857) Synopsis of the families and genera of axiferous zoophytes or barked corals. Journal of Zoology, 25 (1), 278 - 294. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1857. tb 01242. x" type="journal article" year="1857">Gray, 1857</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C916FF9CF9EBFA0AFF6CF7F4" box="[151,245,1491,1518]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC916FF9CF9EBFA0AFF6CF7F4" blockId="5.[151,539,1455,1518]" box="[151,245,1491,1518]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<figureCitation id="131D2A18C916FF9CF9EBFA0AFF40F7F4" box="[151,217,1491,1518]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1764,1789]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1744]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,517,1744]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. MNRJ 4590: Antipathes atlantica Gray, 1857.A—Corallum morphology; b—branches; c—Organization of spines; d—Spines magnified." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528944/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131D2A18C916FF9CF99BFA0DFF6CF7F4" box="[231,245,1492,1518]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1015,1040]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,373,995]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,373,995]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Geographical distribution of Antipathes atlantica Gray, 1857. Yellow circles: records extracted from the literature (Brook, 1889; Warner, 1981; Loiola &amp; Castro, 2001; Opresko &amp; Sanchez, 2005; Castro et al., 2006; Opresko, 2009; Cordeiro et al., 2012) and based on the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS). Red circle: record made in the present work." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528946/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99369DC916FF9CF9EBF9C1FEF1F477" blockId="5.[151,1437,1559,1645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3611B3C916FF9CF9EBF9C1FEF1F477" infered="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC916FF9CF9EBF9C1FD88F42A" ID-CoL="F28R" authority="Gray, 1857: 291" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="291" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,529,1559,1584]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC916FF9CF9EBF9C1FEFDF42A" box="[151,356,1560,1584]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Antipathes atlantica</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A87108CC916FF9CF817F9C1FD88F42A" author="Gray, D. R." box="[363,529,1559,1584]" page="291" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1857">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC916FF9CF817F9C1FD88F42A" author="Gray" box="[363,529,1559,1584]" firstAuthor="Gray" page="291" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="278 - 294" refId="ref47448" refString="Gray, D. R. (1857) Synopsis of the families and genera of axiferous zoophytes or barked corals. Journal of Zoology, 25 (1), 278 - 294. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1857. tb 01242. x" type="journal article" year="1857">Gray, 1857: 291</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC916FF9CFB60F9CEFC98F42A" author="Brook" box="[540,769,1559,1584]" firstAuthor="Brook" page="112 - 113" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref46539" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 32, 1." type="journal volume" year="1889">Brook, 1889: 112113</bibRefCitation>
, pl. XII, fig. 5;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC916FF9CFAE3F9C1FB09F42A" author="Warner" box="[927,1168,1559,1584]" firstAuthor="Warner" page="152 - 155" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="147 - 163" refId="ref50460" refString="Warner, G. F. (1981) Species descriptions and ecological observations of black corals (Antipatharia) from Trinidad. Bulletin of Marine Science, 31 (1), 147 - 163." type="journal article" year="1981">Warner, 1981: 152155</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 10, 12, 15;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC916FF9CFC3CF9CEFEE4F455" author="Loiola &amp; Castro" firstAuthor="Loiola" page="5 - 6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref47684" refString="Loiola, L L. &amp; Castro, C. B. (2001) Three new records of Antipatharia (Cnidaria) from Brazil, including the first record of a Schizopathidae. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Serie Zoologia, 455, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2001">Loiola &amp; Castro, 2001: 56</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 57;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC916FF9CF897F9EFFD2DF455" author="Opresko, D. M." box="[491,692,1590,1615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="495 - 536" refId="ref48892" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2003) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part III. Cladopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen, 77, 495 - 536." type="journal article" year="2003">Opresko, 2003: 487</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3a;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC916FF9CFA77F9EFFBE3F455" author="Opresko &amp; Sanchez" box="[779,1146,1590,1615]" firstAuthor="Opresko" page="497 - 498" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="492 - 507" refId="ref49391" refString="Opresko, D. M. &amp; Sanchez, J. A. (2005) Caribbean Shallow-water Black Corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia). Caribbean Journal of Science, 41 (3), 492 - 507." type="journal article" year="2005">Opresko &amp; Sanchez, 2005: 497498</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 5;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC916FF9CFDB9F9EFFEBBF477" author="Cordeiro" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cordeiro" page="826 - 828" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="826 - 828" refId="ref46754" refString="Cordeiro, R. T. S., Maranhao, H. A., Lima, S. T. S. &amp; Perez, C. D. (2012) First record of Stichopathes occidentalis (Gray, 1860) and range extensions of Antipathes atlantica Gray, 1857 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Check List, 8 (4), 826 - 828. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 8.4.826" type="journal article" year="2012">
Cordeiro
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC916FF9CFC59F9EEFACEF454" box="[1317,1367,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012: 826828
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 3.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C916FF9CF9EBF945FF72F538" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC916FF9CF9EBF945FA0CF4AF" blockId="5.[151,1436,1691,2042]" box="[151,1429,1691,1718]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC916FF9CF9EBF945FE3DF4AC" bold="true" box="[151,420,1691,1718]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type and type locality.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3CC0C916FF9CF8D7F945FA0BF4AF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2446840487" box="[427,1426,1691,1718]" collectionCode="BMNH" location="West Indies" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCode="BMNH 1843.2.8.27" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
<specimenCode id="DB809EE6C916FF9CF8D7F945FD12F4AC" box="[427,651,1692,1718]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">BMNH 1843.2.8.27</specimenCode>
(probable
<typeStatus id="549D883FC916FF9CFA78F945FCC7F4AC" box="[772,862,1692,1718]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
, see
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC916FF9CFAE8F942FBA4F4AC" author="Opresko, D. M." box="[916,1085,1691,1718]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="495 - 536" refId="ref48892" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2003) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part III. Cladopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen, 77, 495 - 536." type="journal article" year="2003">Opresko, 2003</bibRefCitation>
),
<location id="8EF96046C916FF9CFD2CF945FB4CF4AF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F878BC916FF9EF9EBFA76FEFCF37D:8EF96046C916FF9CFD2CF945FB4CF4AF" box="[1104,1237,1691,1718]" name="West Indies" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">West Indies</location>
, depth unknown
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B99369DC916FF9CF9BBF966FF72F538" blockId="5.[151,1436,1691,2042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC916FF9CF9BBF966FE2BF4C0" bold="true" box="[199,434,1727,1754]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3CC0C916FF9CF8C7F966FF7EF538" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2446839479" collectingDate="2000-02-23" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="C. B. Castro &amp; B. Segal &amp; C. E. Ferreira" country="Brazil" latitude="-18.101944" location="Abrolhos" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-38.590553" municipality="California" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" specimenCode="MNRJ 4590, 2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia">
<collectingCountry id="F331760DC916FF9CF8C7F966FD9BF4C3" box="[443,514,1727,1753]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDACE7C916FF9CFB73F966FD18F4C3" box="[527,641,1727,1753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">California</collectingMunicipality>
reef,
<location id="8EF96046C916FF9CFBBFF966FCB7F4C3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F878BC916FF9EF9EBFA76FEFCF37D:8EF96046C916FF9CFBBFF966FCB7F4C3" box="[707,814,1727,1753]" country="Brazil" latitude="-18.101944" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-38.590553" municipality="California" name="Abrolhos" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" stateProvince="Bahia">Abrolhos</location>
, off
<collectingRegion id="49E2F87FC916FF9CFA18F966FC30F4C3" box="[868,937,1727,1753]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bahia</collectingRegion>
.
<geoCoordinate id="EE12505AC916FF9CFAC9F966FBD6F4C3" box="[949,1103,1727,1753]" degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="6" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" seconds="6.998" value="-18.101944">18º66.998”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE12505AC916FF9CFD20F966FA80F4C0" box="[1116,1305,1727,1754]" degrees="38" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" seconds="26.002" value="-38.590553">38º3526.002”W</geoCoordinate>
; Depth unknown (date:
<date id="FF98105DC916FF9CF849F93DFE23F4E4" box="[309,442,1764,1790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2000-02-23">
<collectingDate id="EFDCE9B5C916FF9CF849F93DFE23F4E4" box="[309,442,1764,1790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2000-02-23">23/02/2000</collectingDate>
</date>
). Cols.:
<collectorName id="26D3534BC916FF9CFB66F93DFD32F4E4" box="[538,683,1764,1790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. B. Castro</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26D3534BC916FF9CFBC5F93DFC80F4E7" box="[697,793,1763,1790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. Segal</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="26D3534BC916FF9CFA28F93DFC68F4E7" box="[852,1009,1763,1790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. E. Ferreira</collectorName>
(
<specimenCode id="DB809EE6C916FF9CFD7EF93DFB0BF4E4" box="[1026,1170,1763,1790]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MNRJ 4590</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB809EE6C916FF9CFDDCF93DFB37F4E4" box="[1184,1198,1764,1790]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</specimenCode>
colonies and 2 fragments)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C916FF9CF9BBF8F2FC38F5E0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC916FF9CF9BBF8F2FC38F5E0" blockId="5.[151,1436,1691,2042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC916FF9CF9BBF8F2FEDBF55C" bold="true" box="[199,322,1835,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Corallum flabellate, densely branched. Colonies branched to 8th or 9th order; branching sometimes anastomosed. Smaller branchlets straight or slightly curved, usually less than
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C916FF9CFA93F889FBBCF570" box="[1007,1061,1872,1898]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
long; bilaterally arranged on both sides of the branches. Spines short, triangular, smooth, mostly between 0.04 and
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C916FF9CFD55F8ADFB17F594" box="[1065,1166,1908,1934]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
high; arranged in six to eight longitudinal rows, with 33 to 50 spines per centimeter in each row. Polyps 0.61.0 mm in diameter, in a single series on branchlets, and occurring on only one side of the colony. Living colonies pale-gray to greenish (adapted from
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC916FF9CF9A9F839FECDF5E0" author="Gray" box="[213,340,2015,2042]" firstAuthor="Gray" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="278 - 294" refId="ref47448" refString="Gray, D. R. (1857) Synopsis of the families and genera of axiferous zoophytes or barked corals. Journal of Zoology, 25 (1), 278 - 294. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1857. tb 01242. x" type="journal article" year="1857">Gray, 1857</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC916FF9CF81CF806FDC6F5E0" author="Loiola &amp; Castro" box="[352,607,2015,2042]" firstAuthor="Loiola" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref47684" refString="Loiola, L L. &amp; Castro, C. B. (2001) Three new records of Antipatharia (Cnidaria) from Brazil, including the first record of a Schizopathidae. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Serie Zoologia, 455, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2001">Loiola &amp; Castro, 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC916FF9CFB16F806FC0CF5E0" author="Opresko &amp; Sanchez" box="[618,917,2015,2042]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="492 - 507" refId="ref49391" refString="Opresko, D. M. &amp; Sanchez, J. A. (2005) Caribbean Shallow-water Black Corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia). Caribbean Journal of Science, 41 (3), 492 - 507." type="journal article" year="2005">Opresko &amp; Sanchez, 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C915FF9FF9BBFF41FB54F3C9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC915FF9FF9BBFF41FB54F3C9" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC915FF9FF9BBFF41FDE3F2A9" bold="true" box="[199,634,152,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description of Brazilian specimens.</emphasis>
Corallum not pinnulated, irregularly branched up to 9th order, with branching in one plane occurring bilaterally throughout the colony (
<figureCitation id="131D2A18C915FF9FFAEEFF64FC7AF2CD" box="[914,995,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1764,1789]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1744]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,517,1744]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. MNRJ 4590: Antipathes atlantica Gray, 1857.A—Corallum morphology; b—branches; c—Organization of spines; d—Spines magnified." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528944/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
). Largest colony
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C915FF9FFDD4FF64FA9BF2CD" box="[1192,1282,189,215]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="cm" value="18.2">18.2 cm</quantity>
in height and
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C915FF9FF9EBFF38FF44F2E1" box="[151,221,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="cm" value="31.0">31 cm</quantity>
in width; smallest colony
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C915FF9FFB75FF38FDFAF2E1" box="[521,611,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.18" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="cm" value="21.8">21.8 cm</quantity>
in height and
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C915FF9FFA7AFF38FCF8F2E1" box="[774,865,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="cm" value="16.8">16.8 cm</quantity>
wide. Terminal branchlets up to
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C915FF9FFDAAFF38FABFF2E1" box="[1238,1318,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="131D2A18C915FF9FFC13FF38FF2DF33A" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1764,1789]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1744]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,517,1744]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. MNRJ 4590: Antipathes atlantica Gray, 1857.A—Corallum morphology; b—branches; c—Organization of spines; d—Spines magnified." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528944/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
). Thickness of branches of 1st, 2nd and 3rd order between 2.5 and
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C915FF9FFABCFEDCFB82F305" box="[960,1051,261,287]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
. Thickness of terminal branchlets between 0.3 and
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C915FF9FF827FEF0FE2CF359" box="[347,437,297,323]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
. Distances between terminal branchlets between 1.5 and 5.0 mm. Branching angles between 40° and 99°. Spines triangular, pointed and smooth, organized in around six rows (
<figureCitation id="131D2A18C915FF9FFD12FE94FB35F372" box="[1134,1196,333,360]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1764,1789]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1744]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,517,1744]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. MNRJ 4590: Antipathes atlantica Gray, 1857.A—Corallum morphology; b—branches; c—Organization of spines; d—Spines magnified." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528944/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
cd). Spines between 0.03 and
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C915FF9FF982FEA8FEFBF391" box="[254,354,369,395]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.06 mm</quantity>
in height, rarely more than
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C915FF9FFBE5FEA8FC99F391" box="[665,768,369,395]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
. Base of spines between 0.06 and
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C915FF9FFD02FEA8FB4DF391" box="[1150,1236,369,395]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
in diameter, most frequently around
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C915FF9FF81BFE4CFE57F3B5" box="[359,462,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
; distance between spines around
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C915FF9FFA39FE4CFC32F3B5" box="[837,939,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.27">0.27 mm</quantity>
, with 30 to 45 spines per centimeter. Polyps small,
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C915FF9FF99EFE60FEE6F3C9" box="[226,383,441,467]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.4">0.4 to 0.9 mm</quantity>
in transverse diameter, and occurrying in a density of seven per centimeter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF596615C915FF9FF9EBF93DFEECF53B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528944" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3528944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528944/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[151,250,1764,1789]" targetBox="[151,1436,517,1744]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC915FF9FF9EBF93DFEECF53B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1764,1825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC915FF9FF9EBF93DFE8BF4E7" bold="true" box="[151,274,1764,1789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
MNRJ 4590:
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC915FF9FF8E3F93DFD7BF4E7" authority="Gray, 1857" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1857" box="[415,738,1764,1789]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC915FF9FF8E3F93DFDF3F4E6" box="[415,618,1764,1788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Antipathes atlantica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC915FF9FFB0CF93DFD7BF4E7" author="Gray" box="[624,738,1764,1789]" firstAuthor="Gray" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="278 - 294" refId="ref47448" refString="Gray, D. R. (1857) Synopsis of the families and genera of axiferous zoophytes or barked corals. Journal of Zoology, 25 (1), 278 - 294. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1857. tb 01242. x" type="journal article" year="1857">Gray, 1857</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.A—Corallum morphology; b—branches; c—Organization of spines; d—Spines magnified.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C915FF9EF9BBF896FA02F2CD" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC915FF9EF9BBF896FA02F2CD" blockId="6.[151,1437,1870,2041]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,360]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC915FF9FF9BBF896FEA2F573" bold="true" box="[199,315,1871,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC915FF9FF83FF896FD30F573" authority="Gray, 1857" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1857" box="[323,681,1870,1897]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC915FF9FF83FF896FDBFF573" box="[323,550,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Antipathes atlantica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC915FF9FFB51F896FD30F573" author="Gray" box="[557,681,1870,1897]" firstAuthor="Gray" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="278 - 294" refId="ref47448" refString="Gray, D. R. (1857) Synopsis of the families and genera of axiferous zoophytes or barked corals. Journal of Zoology, 25 (1), 278 - 294. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1857. tb 01242. x" type="journal article" year="1857">Gray, 1857</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC915FF9FFA54F896FB1DF572" authority="Gray, 1860" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1860" box="[808,1156,1870,1897]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC915FF9FFA54F896FC64F573" box="[808,1021,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Antipathes gracilis</emphasis>
Gray, 1860
</taxonomicName>
, and differs from the latter by having a more delicate and less bushy appearance (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC915FF9FFA57F8AAFC51F597" author="Warner" box="[811,968,1907,1933]" firstAuthor="Warner" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="147 - 163" refId="ref50460" refString="Warner, G. F. (1981) Species descriptions and ecological observations of black corals (Antipatharia) from Trinidad. Bulletin of Marine Science, 31 (1), 147 - 163." type="journal article" year="1981">Warner, 1981</bibRefCitation>
). In addition,
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC915FF9FFD1BF8AAFB75F597" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1857" box="[1127,1260,1907,1933]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC915FF9FFD1BF8AAFB75F597" box="[1127,1260,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC915FF9FFCF8F8AAFF74F5AB" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1860" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC915FF9FFCF8F8AAFF74F5AB" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a more greenish coenenchyme in living colonies, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC915FF9FFD7CF84EFBECF5AB" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1860" box="[1024,1141,1943,1969]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC915FF9FFD7CF84EFBECF5AB" box="[1024,1141,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more reddish to orange (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC915FF9FF9E3F863FE4BF5CF" author="Opresko &amp; Sanchez" box="[159,466,1978,2005]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="492 - 507" refId="ref49391" refString="Opresko, D. M. &amp; Sanchez, J. A. (2005) Caribbean Shallow-water Black Corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia). Caribbean Journal of Science, 41 (3), 492 - 507." type="journal article" year="2005">Opresko &amp; Sanchez, 2005</bibRefCitation>
). The specimens examined here are
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C915FF9FFA0EF863FB90F5CF" box="[882,1033,1978,2005]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.08" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.06">0.060.1 mm</quantity>
in spine width at the base, a range slightly different from measurements given by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC915FF9FFBCDF807FC27F5E3" author="Loiola &amp; Castro" box="[689,958,2014,2041]" firstAuthor="Loiola" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref47684" refString="Loiola, L L. &amp; Castro, C. B. (2001) Three new records of Antipatharia (Cnidaria) from Brazil, including the first record of a Schizopathidae. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Serie Zoologia, 455, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2001">Loiola &amp; Castro (2001)</bibRefCitation>
(
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C915FF9FFAB2F806FBECF5E3" box="[974,1141,2015,2041]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.055" valueMax="0.07" valueMin="0.04">0.040.07 mm</quantity>
in width) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC915FF9EFC63F807FEDEF2A9" author="Opresko &amp; Sanchez" firstAuthor="Opresko" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="492 - 507" refId="ref49391" refString="Opresko, D. M. &amp; Sanchez, J. A. (2005) Caribbean Shallow-water Black Corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia). Caribbean Journal of Science, 41 (3), 492 - 507." type="journal article" year="2005">Opresko &amp; Sanchez (2005)</bibRefCitation>
(
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C914FF9EF829FF41FE63F2A9" box="[341,506,152,179]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6" metricValueMax="7" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.06" valueMax="0.07" valueMin="0.05">0.050.07 mm</quantity>
in width).
<taxonomicName id="4C264D1EC914FF9EFB0AFF40FCC0F2A9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1857" box="[630,857,153,179]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="atlantica">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC914FF9EFB0AFF40FCC0F2A9" box="[630,857,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Antipathes atlantica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been widely recorded along the Brazilian coast from
<collectingRegion id="49E2F87FC914FF9EF9A9FF64FEDEF2CD" box="[213,327,189,215]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Maranhão</collectingRegion>
to
<collectingRegion id="49E2F87FC914FF9EF816FF64FD95F2CD" box="[362,524,189,215]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC914FF9EFB66FF64FC82F2CD" author="Loiola &amp; Castro" box="[538,795,189,215]" firstAuthor="Loiola" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref47684" refString="Loiola, L L. &amp; Castro, C. B. (2001) Three new records of Antipatharia (Cnidaria) from Brazil, including the first record of a Schizopathidae. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Serie Zoologia, 455, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2001">Loiola &amp; Castro, 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC914FF9EFA5BFF64FC60F2CD" author="Castro" box="[807,1017,189,215]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Castro" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="147 - 192" refId="ref46648" refString="Castro, C. B., Pires, D. O., Medeiros, M. S., Loiola, L. L., Arantes, R. C. M., Thiago, C. M. &amp; Berman, E. (2006) Filo Cnidaria. Corais. In: Lavrado, H. P. &amp; Ignacio, B. L. (Eds.), Biodiversidade bentonica da regiao central da Zona Economica Exclusiva brasileira. Serie Livros No. 18. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 147 - 192." type="book chapter" year="2006">
Castro
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC914FF9EFA0BFF67FC36F2CD" box="[887,943,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
, 2006
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC914FF9EFD78FF64FB0FF2CD" author="Loiola" box="[1028,1174,189,215]" firstAuthor="Loiola" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="253 - 264" refId="ref47648" refString="Loiola, L. L. (2007) Black corals (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) from Brazil: an overview. Bulletin of Marine Science, 81 (3), 253 - 264." type="journal article" year="2007">Loiola, 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC914FF9EFDDDFF64FA16F2CD" author="Cordeiro" box="[1185,1423,189,215]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cordeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="826 - 828" refId="ref46754" refString="Cordeiro, R. T. S., Maranhao, H. A., Lima, S. T. S. &amp; Perez, C. D. (2012) First record of Stichopathes occidentalis (Gray, 1860) and range extensions of Antipathes atlantica Gray, 1857 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Check List, 8 (4), 826 - 828. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 8.4.826" type="journal article" year="2012">
Cordeiro
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC914FF9EFC70FF67FADDF2CD" box="[1292,1348,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C6516C914FF9EF9BBFF39FEFCF37D" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B99369DC914FF9EF9BBFF39FEFCF37D" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,360]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC914FF9EF9BBFF39FEF8F2E1" bold="true" box="[199,353,224,251]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution.</emphasis>
Caribbean (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC914FF9EF897FF38FDE4F2E1" author="Brook" box="[491,637,225,251]" firstAuthor="Brook" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref46539" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 32, 1." type="journal volume" year="1889">Brook, 1889</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC914FF9EFBF5FF38FCBDF2E1" author="Warner" box="[649,804,225,251]" firstAuthor="Warner" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="147 - 163" refId="ref50460" refString="Warner, G. F. (1981) Species descriptions and ecological observations of black corals (Antipatharia) from Trinidad. Bulletin of Marine Science, 31 (1), 147 - 163." type="journal article" year="1981">Warner, 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC914FF9EFA4DFF38FBC4F2E1" author="Opresko &amp; Sanchez" box="[817,1117,224,251]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="492 - 507" refId="ref49391" refString="Opresko, D. M. &amp; Sanchez, J. A. (2005) Caribbean Shallow-water Black Corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia). Caribbean Journal of Science, 41 (3), 492 - 507." type="journal article" year="2005">Opresko &amp; Sanchez, 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC914FF9EFD16FF38FA8BF2E1" author="Opresko" box="[1130,1298,225,251]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="359 - 363" refId="ref49123" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2009) Antipatharia (Cnidaria) of the Gulf of Mexico. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota: Biodiversity, 1, 359 - 363." type="journal article" year="2009">Opresko, 2009</bibRefCitation>
) and Southwestern Atlantic,
<collectingCountry id="F331760DC914FF9EF821FEDCFE3DF305" box="[349,420,261,287]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, from
<collectingRegion id="49E2F87FC914FF9EF892FEDCFDF9F305" box="[494,608,261,287]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Maranhão</collectingRegion>
to
<collectingRegion id="49E2F87FC914FF9EFBF9FEDCFC88F305" box="[645,785,261,287]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC914FF9EFA5CFEDCFB88F305" author="Cordeiro" box="[800,1041,261,287]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cordeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="826 - 828" refId="ref46754" refString="Cordeiro, R. T. S., Maranhao, H. A., Lima, S. T. S. &amp; Perez, C. D. (2012) First record of Stichopathes occidentalis (Gray, 1860) and range extensions of Antipathes atlantica Gray, 1857 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Check List, 8 (4), 826 - 828. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 8.4.826" type="journal article" year="2012">
Cordeiro
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC914FF9EFAF1FEDFFC5FF305" box="[909,966,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012
</bibRefCitation>
), and from
<collectingRegion id="49E2F87FC914FF9EFDEFFEDCFB4DF305" box="[1171,1236,261,287]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bahia</collectingRegion>
to
<collectingRegion id="49E2F87FC914FF9EFD85FEDCFA05F305" box="[1273,1436,261,287]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC914FF9EF9E3FEF0FE38F359" author="Loiola &amp; Castro" box="[159,417,297,323]" firstAuthor="Loiola" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref47684" refString="Loiola, L L. &amp; Castro, C. B. (2001) Three new records of Antipatharia (Cnidaria) from Brazil, including the first record of a Schizopathidae. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Serie Zoologia, 455, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2001">Loiola &amp; Castro, 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC914FF9EF8D1FEF0FD19F359" author="Castro" box="[429,640,297,323]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Castro" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="147 - 192" refId="ref46648" refString="Castro, C. B., Pires, D. O., Medeiros, M. S., Loiola, L. L., Arantes, R. C. M., Thiago, C. M. &amp; Berman, E. (2006) Filo Cnidaria. Corais. In: Lavrado, H. P. &amp; Ignacio, B. L. (Eds.), Biodiversidade bentonica da regiao central da Zona Economica Exclusiva brasileira. Serie Livros No. 18. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 147 - 192." type="book chapter" year="2006">
Castro
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC914FF9EF882FEF3FDAFF359" box="[510,566,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
, 2006
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC914FF9EFBF0FEF0FCB9F359" author="Loiola" box="[652,800,297,323]" firstAuthor="Loiola" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="253 - 264" refId="ref47648" refString="Loiola, L. L. (2007) Black corals (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) from Brazil: an overview. Bulletin of Marine Science, 81 (3), 253 - 264." type="journal article" year="2007">Loiola, 2007</bibRefCitation>
); from
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C914FF9EFA0EFEF0FC32F359" box="[882,939,297,323]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC914FF9EFAC6FEF0FBFAF359" author="Opresko" box="[954,1123,297,323]" firstAuthor="Opresko" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="359 - 363" refId="ref49123" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2009) Antipatharia (Cnidaria) of the Gulf of Mexico. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota: Biodiversity, 1, 359 - 363." type="journal article" year="2009">Opresko, 2009</bibRefCitation>
) to
<quantity id="4CDE9B78C914FF9EFDF3FEF0FB4FF359" box="[1167,1238,297,323]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
depths (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B6CC914FF9EFC4AFEF0FF65F372" author="Castro" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Castro" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="147 - 192" refId="ref46648" refString="Castro, C. B., Pires, D. O., Medeiros, M. S., Loiola, L. L., Arantes, R. C. M., Thiago, C. M. &amp; Berman, E. (2006) Filo Cnidaria. Corais. In: Lavrado, H. P. &amp; Ignacio, B. L. (Eds.), Biodiversidade bentonica da regiao central da Zona Economica Exclusiva brasileira. Serie Livros No. 18. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 147 - 192." type="book chapter" year="2006">
Castro
<emphasis id="B952EA8FC914FF9EFCF4FEF3FF2DF37D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
, 2006
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) (
<figureCitation id="131D2A18C914FF9EF86FFE94FEC1F37D" box="[275,344,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1015,1040]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,373,995]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,373,995]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Geographical distribution of Antipathes atlantica Gray, 1857. Yellow circles: records extracted from the literature (Brook, 1889; Warner, 1981; Loiola &amp; Castro, 2001; Opresko &amp; Sanchez, 2005; Castro et al., 2006; Opresko, 2009; Cordeiro et al., 2012) and based on the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS). Red circle: record made in the present work." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3528946/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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