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<document id="2B7100959263E9FB79FB3B280A0700B4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5379.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10209083" ID-ZooBank="430102D2-4EAA-41B3-B57F-CC532F929DA3" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1701074983827" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Martino, Emanuela Di" docDate="2023" docId="4B6E902EFFE1FFD8FF46FD1D18DBFC6A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5379.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5379 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5379.1.1/52354" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Triphyllozoon regulare Silen 1954" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="B757E856FFAAFF95FFD1FF931C54FFA3" masterDocTitle="Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén’s cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="76" updateTime="1701076047985" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B82136FF8DDC84C49475742ADDF3B91D">Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén’s cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3C3EE77B0D0F4EC4FD24F11D5FF7A9A5">Martino, Emanuela Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="BE80AF7DA6C6E4D4BE9F29C8ED22B0FC">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="4B6E902EFFE1FFD8FF46FD1D18DBFC6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B6E902EFFE1FFD8FF46FD1D18DBFC6A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B6E902EFFE1FFD8FF46FD1D18DBFC6A" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FFE1FFDEFF46FD1D1E69FD0B" box="[151,573,654,681]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C3782138FFE1FFDEFF46FD1D1E69FD0B" blockId="75.[151,573,654,717]" box="[151,573,654,681]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<heading id="98309654FFE1FFDEFF46FD1D1E69FD0B" bold="true" box="[151,573,654,681]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFFE1FFDEFF46FD1D1E69FD0B" ID-CoL="58Y8S" authority="Silen, 1954" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1954" box="[151,573,654,681]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Triphyllozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="regulare">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFF46FD1D1E69FD0B" bold="true" box="[151,573,654,681]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFF46FD1D1DFAFD0A" bold="true" box="[151,430,654,681]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Triphyllozoon regulare</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FFE1FFDEFE64FD1D1E69FD0B" author="Silen, L." box="[437,573,654,681]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="3 - 41" refId="ref64117" refString="Silen, L. (1954) Report from Professor T. Gislen's Expedition to Australia in 1951 - 1952. No. 12, Bryozoa and Entoprocta. Kungliga fysiografiska Sallskapets Handlingar, 65, 3 - 41." type="journal article" year="1954">Silén, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FFE1FFDEFF46FD201D3CFD6E" box="[151,360,691,717]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="description">
<paragraph id="C3782138FFE1FFDEFF46FD201D3CFD6E" blockId="75.[151,573,654,717]" box="[151,360,691,717]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
(
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFFE1FFDEFF4EFD201CA7FD6E" box="[159,243,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@76.[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 41. Triphyllozoon regulare Silén, 1954.Holotype LUZM55,WesternAustralia.A.General view of the colonyfragment. Arrows indicate the large avicularia adjacent to the fenestrae. B. Group of autozooids, one with elliptical frontal avicularium. C. Close-up of a secondary orifice lacking the peristomial avicularium. D. Close-up of a secondary orifice showing the peristomial avicularium with denticulate rostrum and two ‘telescopic’ lateral spines. E. Autozooids with large frontal avicularia. F. Closeup of the frontal avicularium. G. Close-up of the large frontal avicularium usually located at the fenestra. H. General view of the dorsal side. I. Close-up of a dorsal avicularium and tuberculation. J, K. Close-ups of dorsal avicularia with closed and open mandibles. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C, D, I, J, K = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; H = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209186/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="8E451483FFE1FFDEFF2FFD201D34FD6E" box="[254,352,691,717]" captionStart="TABLE 36" captionStartId="75.[151,239,1335,1359]" captionText="TABLE 36. Measurements in µm of Triphyllozoon regulare Silén, 1954. Holotype LUZM 55." pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Table 36</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FFE1FFDEFF46FD641EAAFCAC" box="[151,766,759,783]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C3782138FFE1FFDEFF46FD641EAAFCAC" blockId="75.[151,766,759,783]" box="[151,766,759,783]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E3D70616FFE1FFDEFF46FD641EAAFCAC" box="[151,766,759,783]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<treatmentCitation id="42660729FFE1FFDEFF46FD641E77FCAC" author="Silen, L." box="[151,547,759,783]" page="32" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1954">
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFFE1FFDEFF46FD641E77FCAC" ID-CoL="58Y8S" authority="Silen, 1954: 32" authorityName="Silen" authorityPageNumber="32" authorityYear="1954" box="[151,547,759,783]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Triphyllozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="regulare">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFF46FD641D2BFCAC" box="[151,383,759,783]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Triphyllozoon regulare</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FFE1FFDEFE57FD641E77FCAC" author="Silen, L." box="[390,547,759,783]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="3 - 41" refId="ref64117" refString="Silen, L. (1954) Report from Professor T. Gislen's Expedition to Australia in 1951 - 1952. No. 12, Bryozoa and Entoprocta. Kungliga fysiografiska Sallskapets Handlingar, 65, 3 - 41." type="journal article" year="1954">Silén, 1954: 32</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 14, pl. 2, fig. 10.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FFE1FFDEFF46FCAE1845FCDF" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C3782138FFE1FFDEFF46FCAE1845FCDF" blockId="75.[151,1437,829,1287]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFF46FCAE1DD5FCF4" bold="true" box="[151,385,829,855]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="73AF2B65FFE1FFDEFE59FCAE1845FCDF" collectingDate="1951-11-27" collectionCode="T" country="Australia" elevation="32" location="Gislen" municipality="Expedition" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="LUZM 55" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFFE1FFDEFE59FCAE1DA4FCF4" box="[392,496,829,855]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
by monotypy
<specimenCode id="93618943FFE1FFDEFD43FCAD1F53FCFB" box="[658,775,829,856]" collectionCode="LUZM" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">LUZM 55</specimenCode>
, off
<locationDeviation id="D2CA381AFFE1FFDEFCEBFCAD1864FCF4" box="[826,1072,829,856]" location="Rottnest Island" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">NE of Rottnest Island</locationDeviation>
,
<collectingRegion id="0103EFDAFFE1FFDEFBEAFCAD1952FCF4" box="[1083,1286,829,856]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
; depth
<quantity id="043F8CDDFFE1FFDEFA87FCAE1CE4FCDF" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="32.0" valueMax="46.0" valueMin="18.0">
<elevation id="48EAC60BFFE1FFDEFA87FCAE1CE4FCDF" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="32.0" valueMax="46.0" valueMin="18.0">18–46 m</elevation>
</quantity>
. Leg. Prof.
<collectionCode id="A5D6B9FDFFE1FFDEFEE3FCF11D10FCDF" box="[306,324,866,892]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">T</collectionCode>
.
<location id="C61877E3FFE1FFDEFE9EFCF21DCFFCD8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B6E902EFFE1FFD8FF46FD1D18DBFC6A:C61877E3FFE1FFDEFE9EFCF21DCFFCD8" box="[335,411,865,891]" country="Australia" municipality="Expedition" name="Gislen" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Western Australia">Gislén</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="BBD061A8FFE1FFDEFE74FCF21E58FCD8" box="[421,524,865,891]" name="Australia" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Australia</collectingCountry>
<collectingMunicipality id="231CBB42FFE1FFDEFDC3FCF21ED9FCD8" box="[530,653,865,891]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Expedition</collectingMunicipality>
1951–1952, collected
<date id="B77907F8FFE1FFDEFC5DFCF21859FCDF" box="[908,1037,865,892]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="1951-11-27">
<collectingDate id="A73DFE10FFE1FFDEFC5DFCF21859FCDF" box="[908,1037,865,892]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="1951-11-27">27.11.1951</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FFE1FFD8FF16FC161E7FFD0A" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="description">
<paragraph id="C3782138FFE1FFDEFF16FC161C8CFC44" blockId="75.[151,1437,829,1287]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFF16FC161D0DFC3C" bold="true" box="[199,345,901,927]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Description.</emphasis>
Colony erect, rigid, reticulate;
<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFFE1FFDEFD10FC161F77FC3C" box="[705,803,901,927]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen fragment 2.5 ×
<quantity id="043F8CDDFFE1FFDEFB81FC1618F6FC03" box="[1104,1186,901,928]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
; fenestrae oval, 0.70– 0.85 ×
<quantity id="043F8CDDFFE1FFDEFF36FC3A1DD9FC67" box="[231,397,937,964]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.62" valueMin="0.48">0.48–0.62 mm</quantity>
, and trabeculae consisting of 2–5 alternating autozooidal series, more commonly three (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFFE1FFDEFABEFC3A1C98FC44" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@76.[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 41. Triphyllozoon regulare Silén, 1954.Holotype LUZM55,WesternAustralia.A.General view of the colonyfragment. Arrows indicate the large avicularia adjacent to the fenestrae. B. Group of autozooids, one with elliptical frontal avicularium. C. Close-up of a secondary orifice lacking the peristomial avicularium. D. Close-up of a secondary orifice showing the peristomial avicularium with denticulate rostrum and two ‘telescopic’ lateral spines. E. Autozooids with large frontal avicularia. F. Closeup of the frontal avicularium. G. Close-up of the large frontal avicularium usually located at the fenestra. H. General view of the dorsal side. I. Close-up of a dorsal avicularium and tuberculation. J, K. Close-ups of dorsal avicularia with closed and open mandibles. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C, D, I, J, K = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; H = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209186/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 41A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C3782138FFE1FFDEFF16FC621838FB8C" blockId="75.[151,1437,829,1287]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
Autozooids rectangular to flask-shaped, longer than wide (mean L/
<geoCoordinate id="A6F347FFFFE1FFDEFC7FFC621856FBA8" box="[942,1026,1009,1035]" degrees="1.87" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" precision="555" value="-1.87">W 1.87</geoCoordinate>
), distinct with boundaries marked by raised margins; frontal shield tubercular, flat to slightly convex, imperforate (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFFE1FFDEFC29FB86180BFB8C" box="[1016,1119,1045,1071]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@76.[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 41. Triphyllozoon regulare Silén, 1954.Holotype LUZM55,WesternAustralia.A.General view of the colonyfragment. Arrows indicate the large avicularia adjacent to the fenestrae. B. Group of autozooids, one with elliptical frontal avicularium. C. Close-up of a secondary orifice lacking the peristomial avicularium. D. Close-up of a secondary orifice showing the peristomial avicularium with denticulate rostrum and two ‘telescopic’ lateral spines. E. Autozooids with large frontal avicularia. F. Closeup of the frontal avicularium. G. Close-up of the large frontal avicularium usually located at the fenestra. H. General view of the dorsal side. I. Close-up of a dorsal avicularium and tuberculation. J, K. Close-ups of dorsal avicularia with closed and open mandibles. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C, D, I, J, K = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; H = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209186/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 41B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C3782138FFE1FFDEFF16FBAA1D9DFAA4" blockId="75.[151,1437,829,1287]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
Peristome forming a raised collar around the orifice with a deep, median suture (90–120 µm long) terminating in a small, teardrop-shaped pseudosinus (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFFE1FFDEFDB7FBCE1EB9FBD4" box="[614,749,1117,1143]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@76.[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 41. Triphyllozoon regulare Silén, 1954.Holotype LUZM55,WesternAustralia.A.General view of the colonyfragment. Arrows indicate the large avicularia adjacent to the fenestrae. B. Group of autozooids, one with elliptical frontal avicularium. C. Close-up of a secondary orifice lacking the peristomial avicularium. D. Close-up of a secondary orifice showing the peristomial avicularium with denticulate rostrum and two ‘telescopic’ lateral spines. E. Autozooids with large frontal avicularia. F. Closeup of the frontal avicularium. G. Close-up of the large frontal avicularium usually located at the fenestra. H. General view of the dorsal side. I. Close-up of a dorsal avicularium and tuberculation. J, K. Close-ups of dorsal avicularia with closed and open mandibles. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C, D, I, J, K = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; H = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209186/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 41B, C</figureCitation>
); peristomial avicularium (
<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFFE1FFDEFBCAFBCE1819FBD4" box="[1051,1101,1117,1143]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">type</typeStatus>
1) placed horizontally on one lobe, elliptical, with denticulate rostrum directed laterally (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFFE1FFDEFCECFB121FFCFB38" box="[829,936,1153,1179]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@76.[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 41. Triphyllozoon regulare Silén, 1954.Holotype LUZM55,WesternAustralia.A.General view of the colonyfragment. Arrows indicate the large avicularia adjacent to the fenestrae. B. Group of autozooids, one with elliptical frontal avicularium. C. Close-up of a secondary orifice lacking the peristomial avicularium. D. Close-up of a secondary orifice showing the peristomial avicularium with denticulate rostrum and two ‘telescopic’ lateral spines. E. Autozooids with large frontal avicularia. F. Closeup of the frontal avicularium. G. Close-up of the large frontal avicularium usually located at the fenestra. H. General view of the dorsal side. I. Close-up of a dorsal avicularium and tuberculation. J, K. Close-ups of dorsal avicularia with closed and open mandibles. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C, D, I, J, K = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; H = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209186/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 41D</figureCitation>
); two lateral oral spines constantly present, an additional distolateral pair visible only in a few autozooids (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFFE1FFDEFCA0FB361F8FFB1C" box="[881,987,1189,1215]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@76.[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 41. Triphyllozoon regulare Silén, 1954.Holotype LUZM55,WesternAustralia.A.General view of the colonyfragment. Arrows indicate the large avicularia adjacent to the fenestrae. B. Group of autozooids, one with elliptical frontal avicularium. C. Close-up of a secondary orifice lacking the peristomial avicularium. D. Close-up of a secondary orifice showing the peristomial avicularium with denticulate rostrum and two ‘telescopic’ lateral spines. E. Autozooids with large frontal avicularia. F. Closeup of the frontal avicularium. G. Close-up of the large frontal avicularium usually located at the fenestra. H. General view of the dorsal side. I. Close-up of a dorsal avicularium and tuberculation. J, K. Close-ups of dorsal avicularia with closed and open mandibles. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C, D, I, J, K = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; H = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209186/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 41G</figureCitation>
, see arrow); spine diameter at the base about 30 µm, tapering distally (about 5 µm at the tip), ‘telescopic’-like (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFFE1FFDEFC6CFB5A1870FB40" box="[957,1060,1225,1251]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@76.[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 41. Triphyllozoon regulare Silén, 1954.Holotype LUZM55,WesternAustralia.A.General view of the colonyfragment. Arrows indicate the large avicularia adjacent to the fenestrae. B. Group of autozooids, one with elliptical frontal avicularium. C. Close-up of a secondary orifice lacking the peristomial avicularium. D. Close-up of a secondary orifice showing the peristomial avicularium with denticulate rostrum and two ‘telescopic’ lateral spines. E. Autozooids with large frontal avicularia. F. Closeup of the frontal avicularium. G. Close-up of the large frontal avicularium usually located at the fenestra. H. General view of the dorsal side. I. Close-up of a dorsal avicularium and tuberculation. J, K. Close-ups of dorsal avicularia with closed and open mandibles. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C, D, I, J, K = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; H = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209186/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 41D</figureCitation>
), 60–65 µm long when complete; secondary orifice elliptical.
</paragraph>
<caption id="97B871B0FFE1FFDEFF46FAA418D0FAEC" box="[151,1156,1335,1360]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" startId="75.[151,239,1335,1359]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="C3782138FFE1FFDEFF46FAA418D0FAEC" blockId="75.[151,1156,1335,1360]" box="[151,1156,1335,1360]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFF46FAA41D4CFAEC" bold="true" box="[151,280,1335,1359]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">TABLE 36.</emphasis>
Measurements in µm of
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFFE1FFDEFDF5FAA41FC8FAEC" authority="Silen, 1954" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1954" box="[548,924,1335,1359]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Triphyllozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="regulare">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFDF5FAA41F4CFAEC" box="[548,792,1335,1359]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Triphyllozoon regulare</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FFE1FFDEFCCEFAA41FC8FAEC" author="Silen, L." box="[799,924,1335,1359]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="3 - 41" refId="ref64117" refString="Silen, L. (1954) Report from Professor T. Gislen's Expedition to Australia in 1951 - 1952. No. 12, Bryozoa and Entoprocta. Kungliga fysiografiska Sallskapets Handlingar, 65, 3 - 41." type="journal article" year="1954">Silén, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Holotype LUZM 55.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C3782138FFE1FFDEFE43FACC191FF83B" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<table id="B1C7D398FFE1006AFF72FACC1903F83B" box="[163,1367,1375,1944]" colsContinueFrom="73.[163,1363,1483,1990]" colsContinueIn="79.[163,1365,191,538]" gridcols="6" gridrows="13" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<tr id="7DF7237AFFE1006AFF72FACC1903FAD4" box="[163,1367,1375,1399]" gridrow="0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="3E264A06FFE1006AFE43FACC1E35FAD4" box="[402,609,1375,1399]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFE43FACC1E35FAD4" bold="true" box="[402,609,1375,1399]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">N (zooids, colonies)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="3E264A06FFE1006AFD08FACC1F43FAD4" box="[729,791,1375,1399]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFD08FACC1F43FAD4" bold="true" box="[729,791,1375,1399]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Mean</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="3E264A06FFE1006AFC7CFACC1F80FAD4" box="[941,980,1375,1399]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFC61FACC1F84FAD4" bold="true" box="[944,976,1375,1399]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">SD</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="3E264A06FFE1006AFBBAFACC18CCFAD4" box="[1131,1176,1375,1399]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFBBAFACC18CCFAD4" bold="true" box="[1131,1176,1375,1399]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Min</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="3E264A06FFE1006AFAF7FACC1903FAD4" box="[1318,1367,1375,1399]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFAF7FACC1903FAD4" bold="true" box="[1318,1367,1375,1399]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Max</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="7DF7237AFFE1006AFF72FA1F1903FA06" box="[163,1367,1420,1445]" gridrow="1" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<th id="3E264A06FFE1006AFF72FA1F1D65FA06" box="[163,305,1420,1445]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFF72FA1F1C91FA07" bold="true" box="[163,197,1420,1444]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">ZL</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFE43FA1F1E35FA06" box="[402,609,1420,1445]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">15, 1</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFD08FA1F1F43FA06" box="[729,791,1420,1445]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">396</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFC7CFA1F1F80FA06" box="[941,980,1420,1445]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">±21</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFBBAFA1F18CCFA06" box="[1131,1176,1420,1445]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">360</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFAF7FA1F1903FA06" box="[1318,1367,1420,1445]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">427</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7DF7237AFFE1006AFF72FA291903FA71" box="[163,1367,1466,1490]" gridrow="2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<th id="3E264A06FFE1006AFF72FA291D65FA71" box="[163,305,1466,1490]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFF72FA291C99FA71" bold="true" box="[163,205,1466,1490]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">ZW</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFE43FA291E35FA71" box="[402,609,1466,1490]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">15, 1</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFD08FA291F43FA71" box="[729,791,1466,1490]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">211</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFC7CFA291F80FA71" box="[941,980,1466,1490]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">±22</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFBBAFA2918CCFA71" box="[1131,1176,1466,1490]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">158</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFAF7FA291903FA71" box="[1318,1367,1466,1490]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">239</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7DF7237AFFE1006AFF72FA741903F9A3" box="[163,1367,1511,1536]" gridrow="3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<th id="3E264A06FFE1006AFF72FA741D65F9A3" box="[163,305,1511,1536]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFF72FA741D7CFA5C" bold="true" box="[163,296,1511,1535]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">AvL (type 1)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFE43FA741E35F9A3" box="[402,609,1511,1536]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">3, 1</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFD08FA741F43F9A3" box="[729,791,1511,1536]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">51</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFC7CFA741F80F9A3" box="[941,980,1511,1536]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">±10</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFBBAFA7418CCF9A3" box="[1131,1176,1511,1536]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">41</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFAF7FA741903F9A3" box="[1318,1367,1511,1536]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">60</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7DF7237AFFE1006AFF72F9871903F98E" box="[163,1367,1556,1581]" gridrow="4" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<th id="3E264A06FFE1006AFF72F9871D65F98E" box="[163,305,1556,1581]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFF72F9871D65F98F" bold="true" box="[163,305,1556,1580]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">AvW (type 1)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFE43F9871E35F98E" box="[402,609,1556,1581]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">3, 1</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFD08F9871F43F98E" box="[729,791,1556,1581]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">44</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFC7CF9871F80F98E" box="[941,980,1556,1581]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">±3</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFBBAF98718CCF98E" box="[1131,1176,1556,1581]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">42</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFAF7F9871903F98E" box="[1318,1367,1556,1581]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">48</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7DF7237AFFE1006AFF72F9D21903F9F9" box="[163,1367,1601,1626]" gridrow="5" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<th id="3E264A06FFE1006AFF72F9D21D65F9F9" box="[163,305,1601,1626]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFF72F9D21D7CF9FA" bold="true" box="[163,296,1601,1625]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">AvL (type 2)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFE43F9D21E35F9F9" box="[402,609,1601,1626]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">4, 1</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFD08F9D21F43F9F9" box="[729,791,1601,1626]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">70</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFC7CF9D21F80F9F9" box="[941,980,1601,1626]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">±12</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFBBAF9D218CCF9F9" box="[1131,1176,1601,1626]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">57</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFAF7F9D21903F9F9" box="[1318,1367,1601,1626]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">82</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7DF7237AFFE1006AFF72F9FC1903F92B" box="[163,1367,1647,1672]" gridrow="6" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<th id="3E264A06FFE1006AFF72F9FC1D65F92B" box="[163,305,1647,1672]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFF72F9FC1D65F924" bold="true" box="[163,305,1647,1671]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">AvW (type 2)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFE43F9FC1E35F92B" box="[402,609,1647,1672]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">4, 1</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFD08F9FC1F43F92B" box="[729,791,1647,1672]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">46</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFC7CF9FC1F80F92B" box="[941,980,1647,1672]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">±5</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFBBAF9FC18CCF92B" box="[1131,1176,1647,1672]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">39</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFAF7F9FC1903F92B" box="[1318,1367,1647,1672]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7DF7237AFFE1006AFF72F90F1903F916" box="[163,1367,1692,1717]" gridrow="7" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<th id="3E264A06FFE1006AFF72F90F1D65F916" box="[163,305,1692,1717]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFF72F90F1D7CF917" bold="true" box="[163,296,1692,1716]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">AvL (type 3)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFE43F90F1E35F916" box="[402,609,1692,1717]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">3, 1</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFD08F90F1F43F916" box="[729,791,1692,1717]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">190</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFC7CF90F1F80F916" box="[941,980,1692,1717]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">±11</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFBBAF90F18CCF916" box="[1131,1176,1692,1717]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">182</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFAF7F90F1903F916" box="[1318,1367,1692,1717]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">203</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7DF7237AFFE1006AFF72F95A1903F941" box="[163,1367,1737,1762]" gridrow="8" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<th id="3E264A06FFE1006AFF72F95A1D65F941" box="[163,305,1737,1762]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFF72F9591D65F942" bold="true" box="[163,305,1737,1762]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">AvW (type 3)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFE43F95A1E35F941" box="[402,609,1737,1762]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">3, 1</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFD08F95A1F43F941" box="[729,791,1737,1762]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">90</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFC7CF95A1F80F941" box="[941,980,1737,1762]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">±5</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFBBAF95A18CCF941" box="[1131,1176,1737,1762]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">85</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFAF7F95A1903F941" box="[1318,1367,1737,1762]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">96</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7DF7237AFFE1006AFF72F9641903F8B3" box="[163,1367,1783,1808]" gridrow="9" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<th id="3E264A06FFE1006AFF72F9641D65F8B3" box="[163,305,1783,1808]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFF72F9641D7CF8AC" bold="true" box="[163,296,1783,1807]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">AvL (type 4)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFE43F9641E35F8B3" box="[402,609,1783,1808]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">4, 1</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFD08F9641F43F8B3" box="[729,791,1783,1808]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">321</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFC7CF9641F80F8B3" box="[941,980,1783,1808]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">±24</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFBBAF96418CCF8B3" box="[1131,1176,1783,1808]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">293</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFAF7F9641903F8B3" box="[1318,1367,1783,1808]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">347</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7DF7237AFFE1006AFF72F8B71903F89E" box="[163,1367,1828,1853]" gridrow="10" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<th id="3E264A06FFE1006AFF72F8B71D65F89E" box="[163,305,1828,1853]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFF72F8B71D65F89F" bold="true" box="[163,305,1828,1852]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">AvW (type 4)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFE43F8B71E35F89E" box="[402,609,1828,1853]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">4, 1</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFD08F8B71F43F89E" box="[729,791,1828,1853]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">205</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFC7CF8B71F80F89E" box="[941,980,1828,1853]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">±33</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFBBAF8B718CCF89E" box="[1131,1176,1828,1853]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">179</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFAF7F8B71903F89E" box="[1318,1367,1828,1853]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">248</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7DF7237AFFE1006AFF72F8C21903F8C9" box="[163,1367,1873,1898]" gridrow="11" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<th id="3E264A06FFE1006AFF72F8C21D65F8C9" box="[163,305,1873,1898]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFF72F8C11D7CF8CA" bold="true" box="[163,296,1873,1898]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">AvL (type 5)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFE43F8C21E35F8C9" box="[402,609,1873,1898]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">3, 1</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFD08F8C21F43F8C9" box="[729,791,1873,1898]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">127</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFC7CF8C21F80F8C9" box="[941,980,1873,1898]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">±6</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFBBAF8C218CCF8C9" box="[1131,1176,1873,1898]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">120</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFAF7F8C21903F8C9" box="[1318,1367,1873,1898]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">132</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7DF7237AFFE1006AFF72F8EC1903F83B" box="[163,1367,1919,1944]" gridrow="12" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<th id="3E264A06FFE1006AFF72F8EC1D65F83B" box="[163,305,1919,1944]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE1FFDEFF72F8EC1D65F834" bold="true" box="[163,305,1919,1943]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">AvW (type 5)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFE43F8EC1E35F83B" box="[402,609,1919,1944]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">3, 1</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFD08F8EC1F43F83B" box="[729,791,1919,1944]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">64</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFC7CF8EC1F80F83B" box="[941,980,1919,1944]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">±11</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFBBAF8EC18CCF83B" box="[1131,1176,1919,1944]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">52</td>
<td id="3E264A06FFE1006AFAF7F8EC1903F83B" box="[1318,1367,1919,1944]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">71</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="97B871B0FFE6FFD9FF46F96C1959F853" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10209186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209186/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" startId="76.[151,250,1791,1815]" targetBox="[252,1335,181,1767]" targetPageId="76" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="C3782138FFE6FFD9FF46F96C1959F853" blockId="76.[151,1437,1791,2032]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE6FFD9FF46F96C1D49F8B4" bold="true" box="[151,285,1791,1815]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">FIGURE 41.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFFE6FFD9FEF0F96C1E2BF8B4" authority="Silen, 1954" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1954" box="[289,639,1791,1815]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Triphyllozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="regulare">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE6FFD9FEF0F96C1E53F8B4" box="[289,519,1791,1815]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Triphyllozoon regulare</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FFE6FFD9FDDAF96C1E2BF8B4" author="Silen, L." box="[523,639,1791,1815]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="3 - 41" refId="ref64117" refString="Silen, L. (1954) Report from Professor T. Gislen's Expedition to Australia in 1951 - 1952. No. 12, Bryozoa and Entoprocta. Kungliga fysiografiska Sallskapets Handlingar, 65, 3 - 41." type="journal article" year="1954">Silén, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Holotype LUZM 55, Western Australia.A. General view of the colony fragment. Arrows indicate the large avicularia adjacent to the fenestrae. B. Group of autozooids, one with elliptical frontal avicularium. C. Close-up of a secondary orifice lacking the peristomial avicularium. D. Close-up of a secondary orifice showing the peristomial avicularium with denticulate rostrum and two ‘telescopic’ lateral spines. E. Autozooids with large frontal avicularia. F. Closeup of the frontal avicularium. G. Close-up of the large frontal avicularium usually located at the fenestra. H. General view of the dorsal side. I. Close-up of a dorsal avicularium and tuberculation. J, K. Close-ups of dorsal avicularia with closed and open mandibles. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C, D, I, J, K = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; H = 500 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C3782138FFE7FFD8FF16FF041CAFFDBA" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
Frontal avicularia uncommon,
<specimenCount id="D5C1EAB1FFE7FFD8FDE1FF041EF5FF12" box="[560,673,151,177]" count="2" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
recognizable:
<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFFE7FFD8FC80FF041FD5FF12" box="[849,897,151,177]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">type</typeStatus>
(2) small, elliptical avicularium with slightly spatulate rostrum directed proximally, and mandible semielliptical, placed immediately below the pseudosinus and leaning more on one side (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFFE7FFD8FE14FF4C1E7FFF5A" box="[453,555,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@76.[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 41. Triphyllozoon regulare Silén, 1954.Holotype LUZM55,WesternAustralia.A.General view of the colonyfragment. Arrows indicate the large avicularia adjacent to the fenestrae. B. Group of autozooids, one with elliptical frontal avicularium. C. Close-up of a secondary orifice lacking the peristomial avicularium. D. Close-up of a secondary orifice showing the peristomial avicularium with denticulate rostrum and two ‘telescopic’ lateral spines. E. Autozooids with large frontal avicularia. F. Closeup of the frontal avicularium. G. Close-up of the large frontal avicularium usually located at the fenestra. H. General view of the dorsal side. I. Close-up of a dorsal avicularium and tuberculation. J, K. Close-ups of dorsal avicularia with closed and open mandibles. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C, D, I, J, K = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; H = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209186/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 41B</figureCitation>
, see arrow);
<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFFE7FFD8FD6FFF4C1EBAFF5A" box="[702,750,223,249]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">type</typeStatus>
(3) larger, pear-shaped avicularium with channelled rostrum directed proximolaterally, mandible triangular, cystid raised occupying the proximal half of the autozooid (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFFE7FFD8FABEFE901CB1FEE2" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@76.[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 41. Triphyllozoon regulare Silén, 1954.Holotype LUZM55,WesternAustralia.A.General view of the colonyfragment. Arrows indicate the large avicularia adjacent to the fenestrae. B. Group of autozooids, one with elliptical frontal avicularium. C. Close-up of a secondary orifice lacking the peristomial avicularium. D. Close-up of a secondary orifice showing the peristomial avicularium with denticulate rostrum and two ‘telescopic’ lateral spines. E. Autozooids with large frontal avicularia. F. Closeup of the frontal avicularium. G. Close-up of the large frontal avicularium usually located at the fenestra. H. General view of the dorsal side. I. Close-up of a dorsal avicularium and tuberculation. J, K. Close-ups of dorsal avicularia with closed and open mandibles. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C, D, I, J, K = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; H = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209186/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 41E, F</figureCitation>
). The largest avicularium found adjacent to the fenestrae (
<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFFE7FFD8FCBEFEB41FF5FEE2" box="[879,929,295,321]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">type</typeStatus>
4), either placed proximally and horizontally directed laterally or placed proximolaterally and obliquely directed proximolaterally, pear-shaped with bicuspid rostrum and triangular mandible with hooked tip pointing downward, slightly exceeding the length of the rostrum (mandible length 250 µm; rostrum length 220 µm) (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFFE7FFD8FD09FE001F6EFE0E" box="[728,826,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@76.[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 41. Triphyllozoon regulare Silén, 1954.Holotype LUZM55,WesternAustralia.A.General view of the colonyfragment. Arrows indicate the large avicularia adjacent to the fenestrae. B. Group of autozooids, one with elliptical frontal avicularium. C. Close-up of a secondary orifice lacking the peristomial avicularium. D. Close-up of a secondary orifice showing the peristomial avicularium with denticulate rostrum and two ‘telescopic’ lateral spines. E. Autozooids with large frontal avicularia. F. Closeup of the frontal avicularium. G. Close-up of the large frontal avicularium usually located at the fenestra. H. General view of the dorsal side. I. Close-up of a dorsal avicularium and tuberculation. J, K. Close-ups of dorsal avicularia with closed and open mandibles. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C, D, I, J, K = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; H = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209186/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 41A</figureCitation>
see arrows, E, G). On the dorsal side a limited number of
<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFFE7FFD8FF66FE241CB3FE72" box="[183,231,439,465]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">type</typeStatus>
(5) medium-sized avicularia, similar to
<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFFE7FFD8FD65FE241EB0FE72" box="[692,740,439,465]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">type</typeStatus>
(2) on the frontal but with a more spatulate rostrum, usually placed near the fenestrae and randomly directed with spatulate mandible (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFFE7FFD8FC17FE481804FE56" box="[966,1104,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@76.[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 41. Triphyllozoon regulare Silén, 1954.Holotype LUZM55,WesternAustralia.A.General view of the colonyfragment. Arrows indicate the large avicularia adjacent to the fenestrae. B. Group of autozooids, one with elliptical frontal avicularium. C. Close-up of a secondary orifice lacking the peristomial avicularium. D. Close-up of a secondary orifice showing the peristomial avicularium with denticulate rostrum and two ‘telescopic’ lateral spines. E. Autozooids with large frontal avicularia. F. Closeup of the frontal avicularium. G. Close-up of the large frontal avicularium usually located at the fenestra. H. General view of the dorsal side. I. Close-up of a dorsal avicularium and tuberculation. J, K. Close-ups of dorsal avicularia with closed and open mandibles. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C, D, I, J, K = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; H = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209186/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 41H–K</figureCitation>
). All avicularia with complete crossbar.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C3782138FFE7FFD8FF16FDB01D97FD9E" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[199,451,547,573]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Ovicells not observed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C3782138FFE7FFD8FF16FDD41E7FFD0A" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
Dorsal side coarsely granular (granules diameter 10–20 µm), with vertical and oblique vibices (10–25 µm wide), outlining irregularly polygonal sectors, and a limited number of avicularia as described above commonly adjacent to the fenestrae (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFFE7FFD8FE67FD1C1E4EFD0A" box="[438,538,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1791,1815]" captionTargetBox="[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-28@76.[252,1335,181,1767]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 41. Triphyllozoon regulare Silén, 1954.Holotype LUZM55,WesternAustralia.A.General view of the colonyfragment. Arrows indicate the large avicularia adjacent to the fenestrae. B. Group of autozooids, one with elliptical frontal avicularium. C. Close-up of a secondary orifice lacking the peristomial avicularium. D. Close-up of a secondary orifice showing the peristomial avicularium with denticulate rostrum and two ‘telescopic’ lateral spines. E. Autozooids with large frontal avicularia. F. Closeup of the frontal avicularium. G. Close-up of the large frontal avicularium usually located at the fenestra. H. General view of the dorsal side. I. Close-up of a dorsal avicularium and tuberculation. J, K. Close-ups of dorsal avicularia with closed and open mandibles. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C, D, I, J, K = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; H = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209186/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 41H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FFE7FFD8FF16FD2018DBFC6A" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C3782138FFE7FFD8FF16FD2018DBFC6A" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE7FFD8FF16FD201D6FFD6E" bold="true" box="[199,315,691,717]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FFE7FFD8FE92FD201D9AFD6E" author="Silen, L." box="[323,462,690,717]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="3 - 41" refId="ref64117" refString="Silen, L. (1954) Report from Professor T. Gislen's Expedition to Australia in 1951 - 1952. No. 12, Bryozoa and Entoprocta. Kungliga fysiografiska Sallskapets Handlingar, 65, 3 - 41." type="journal article" year="1954">Silén (1954)</bibRefCitation>
considered the small size of the fragment and the lack of ovicells as issues against the description of a new species. Eventually, the author decided to introduce the new species because of the unique set of avicularia observed. Similar giant avicularia at the bottom of the fenestrae were described in
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFFE7FFD8FADBFD681D61FC9A" authority="Harmer, 1934" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1934" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Triphyllozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="inornatum">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE7FFD8FADBFD6819C9FCB7" box="[1290,1437,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">T. inornatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FFE7FFD8FF46FC8C1D61FC9A" author="Harmer, S. F." box="[151,309,799,825]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="502 - 640" refId="ref59891" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1934) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition. Part 3. Cheilostomata Ascophora, I. Family Reteporidae. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 c, 502 - 640." type="journal article" year="1934">Harmer, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, while similar peristome and secondary orifices were seen in several species of the genus such as
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFFE7FFD8FA59FC8C1D96FCFE" authority="Harmer, 1934" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1934" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Triphyllozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="mucronatum">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE7FFD8FA59FC8C1D70FCFF" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">T. mucronatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FFE7FFD8FEF8FCD01D96FCFE" author="Harmer, S. F." box="[297,450,835,861]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="502 - 640" refId="ref59891" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1934) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition. Part 3. Cheilostomata Ascophora, I. Family Reteporidae. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 c, 502 - 640." type="journal article" year="1934">Harmer, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFFE7FFD8FE27FCD01F7DFCFE" authority="Harmer, 1934" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1934" box="[502,809,835,861]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Triphyllozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bimunitum">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE7FFD8FE27FCD01EDCFCFE" box="[502,648,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">T. bimunitum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FFE7FFD8FD5CFCD01F7DFCFE" author="Harmer, S. F." box="[653,809,835,861]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="502 - 640" refId="ref59891" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1934) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition. Part 3. Cheilostomata Ascophora, I. Family Reteporidae. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 c, 502 - 640." type="journal article" year="1934">Harmer, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. As the other species of
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFFE7FFD8FBFEFCD0189FFCFE" baseAuthorityName="Harmer" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[1071,1227,835,861]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Triphyllozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE7FFD8FBFEFCD0189FFCFE" box="[1071,1227,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Triphyllozoon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described by
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FFE7FFD8FAB2FCD01C8FFC22" author="Silen, L." pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref63796" refString="Silen, L. (1943) Australian Bryozoa collected by Dr J. Mauritzon, 1936. Kungliga Fysiografiska sallskapets; Lund forhandlingar, 12, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1943">Silén (1943</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FFE7FFD8FF36FCF51D77FC22" author="Silen, L." box="[231,291,870,897]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="3 - 41" refId="ref64117" refString="Silen, L. (1954) Report from Professor T. Gislen's Expedition to Australia in 1951 - 1952. No. 12, Bryozoa and Entoprocta. Kungliga fysiografiska Sallskapets Handlingar, 65, 3 - 41." type="journal article" year="1954">1954</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFFE7FFD8FEE9FCF41E6DFC22" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1954" box="[312,569,871,897]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Triphyllozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="regulare">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE7FFD8FEE9FCF41E6DFC22" box="[312,569,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Triphyllozoon regulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has never been reported in the literature since its first description. However, 12 occurrences of
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFFE7FFD8FEBDFC181DBCFC06" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1954" box="[364,488,907,933]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Triphyllozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="regulare">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFFE7FFD8FEBDFC181DBCFC06" box="[364,488,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">T. regulare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are registered in GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/map?taxon_key=1004915 accessed
<date id="B77907F8FFE7FFD8FED1FC3C1DD4FC6A" box="[256,384,943,969]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="2022-10-31">31.10.2022</date>
) from six localities along the western and southern coast of
<collectingCountry id="BBD061A8FFE7FFD8FBF1FC3C18DEFC6A" box="[1056,1162,943,969]" name="Australia" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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