264 lines
38 KiB
XML
264 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="EDE4ABBA0E270CE4B73B57C4A8569059" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5379.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10209083" ID-ZooBank="430102D2-4EAA-41B3-B57F-CC532F929DA3" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1701074983827" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Martino, Emanuela Di" docDate="2023" docId="4B6E902EFF8DFFBCFF46FA401FBAFDC2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5379.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5379 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5379.1.1/52354" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Sarsiflustra japonica Silen 1938" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="B757E856FFAAFF95FFD1FF931C54FFA3" masterDocTitle="Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén’s cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1701076047985" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BACAC894D14CF77B0A0BC865F1C9F339">Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén’s cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="037BAE466EFB91F2BAD9BA9FE1B772CB">Martino, Emanuela Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9CA5A54BBB053E933C2072885999FF9C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B7926E912ACCE75233821DD4F71FA1CE">
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<mods:date id="6DEF73D1D2DC4158D25A9016698EC853">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="ADA2194D0100D8B2006DC3C12B71B2A9">2023-11-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="459CAC83A95795CD976F8A53A61D31D9">5379</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9B198EF117040A5C058D517039A69CA3" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5379.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4B6E902EFF8DFFBCFF46FA401FBAFDC2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B6E902EFF8DFFBCFF46FA401FBAFDC2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B6E902EFF8DFFBCFF46FA401FBAFDC2" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FF8DFFB2FF46FA401E70FA4D" box="[151,548,1491,1518]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C3782138FF8DFFB2FF46FA401E70FA4D" blockId="39.[151,548,1491,1554]" box="[151,548,1491,1518]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="98309654FF8DFFB2FF46FA401E70FA4D" bold="true" box="[151,548,1491,1518]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF8DFFB2FF46FA401E70FA4D" ID-CoL="6XPB6" authority="Silen, 1938" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,548,1491,1518]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Sarsiflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="japonica">
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<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF8DFFB2FF46FA401E70FA4D" bold="true" box="[151,548,1491,1518]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF8DFFB2FF46FA401DC0FA4D" bold="true" box="[151,404,1491,1518]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Sarsiflustra japonica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF8DFFB2FE4DFA401E70FA4D" author="Silen, L." box="[412,548,1491,1518]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="149 - 366" refId="ref63667" refString="Silen, L. (1938) Zur Kenntnis des Polymorphismus der Bryozoen. Die Avicularien der Cheilostomata Anasca. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 17, 149 - 366." type="journal article" year="1938">Silén, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FF8DFFB2FF46FA6B1D3CF9B1" box="[151,360,1528,1554]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C3782138FF8DFFB2FF46FA6B1D3CF9B1" blockId="39.[151,548,1491,1554]" box="[151,360,1528,1554]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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(
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<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF8DFFB2FF4EFA6B1CA7F9B1" box="[159,243,1528,1554]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,561,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-161@40.[151,1436,561,1855]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 19. Sarsiflustra japonica Silén, 1938, Japan. A–C. Lectotype UPSZTY 2476B. A. Ancestrula and early astogeny. B. Close-up of autozooids and vicarious avicularia. C. Close-up of an avicularium lacking the mandible and showing the semicircular opening and the cryptocystal shelf of the rostrum. D. Paralectotype UPSZTY 2476A, irregularly shaped kenozooids at the lateral margins of the colony frond. Scale bars: A, B, D = 500 µm; C = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209138/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="8E451483FF8DFFB2FF2FFA6B1D34F9B1" box="[254,352,1528,1554]" captionStart="TABLE 18" captionStartId="41.[151,239,656,680]" captionText="TABLE 18. Measurements in µm of Sarsiflustra japonica Silén, 1938. Lectotype and paralectotype UPSZTY 2476A, B." pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Table 18</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FF8DFFB2FF46F9AF1F3DF9F7" box="[151,873,1596,1620]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C3782138FF8DFFB2FF46F9AF1F3DF9F7" blockId="39.[151,873,1596,1620]" box="[151,873,1596,1620]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E3D70616FF8DFFB2FF46F9AF1F3DF9F7" box="[151,873,1596,1620]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<treatmentCitation id="42660729FF8DFFB2FF46F9AF1E48F9F7" author="Silen, L." box="[151,540,1596,1620]" page="351" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1938">
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<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF8DFFB2FF46F9AF1E48F9F7" ID-CoL="6XPB6" authority="Silen, 1938: 351" authorityName="Silen" authorityPageNumber="351" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,540,1596,1620]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Sarsiflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="japonica">
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<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF8DFFB2FF46F9AF1D39F9F7" box="[151,365,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Sarsiflustra japonica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF8DFFB2FEA2F9AF1E48F9F7" author="Silen, L." box="[371,540,1596,1620]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="149 - 366" refId="ref63667" refString="Silen, L. (1938) Zur Kenntnis des Polymorphismus der Bryozoen. Die Avicularien der Cheilostomata Anasca. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 17, 149 - 366." type="journal article" year="1938">Silén, 1938: 351</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, text-figs 72–75, pl. 18, fig. 122.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FF8DFFB2FF46F9111939F963" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C3782138FF8DFFB2FF46F9111939F963" blockId="39.[151,1437,1666,2017]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF8DFFB2FF46F9111DD6F93F" bold="true" box="[151,386,1666,1692]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="73AF2B65FF8DFFB2FE5AF9101E62F962" collectionCode="UPSZTY" collectorName="Leg. Prof. S. Bock" country="Japan" elevation="375" location="Okinose" municipality="Sagami" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="UPSZTY 2476" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFF8DFFB2FE5AF9101DAFF93E" box="[395,507,1667,1693]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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(designated here)
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<specimenCode id="93618943FF8DFFB2FD01F9101F2FF93F" box="[720,891,1666,1693]" collectionCode="UPSZTY" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">UPSZTY 2476</specimenCode>
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B (
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<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF8DFFB2FC4CF9111873F93E" box="[925,1063,1666,1693]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,561,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-161@40.[151,1436,561,1855]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 19. Sarsiflustra japonica Silén, 1938, Japan. A–C. Lectotype UPSZTY 2476B. A. Ancestrula and early astogeny. B. Close-up of autozooids and vicarious avicularia. C. Close-up of an avicularium lacking the mandible and showing the semicircular opening and the cryptocystal shelf of the rostrum. D. Paralectotype UPSZTY 2476A, irregularly shaped kenozooids at the lateral margins of the colony frond. Scale bars: A, B, D = 500 µm; C = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209138/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 19A–C</figureCitation>
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),
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||
<location id="C61877E3FF8DFFB2FBECF91118C9F93F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B6E902EFF8DFFBCFF46FA401FBAFDC2:C61877E3FF8DFFB2FBECF91118C9F93F" box="[1085,1181,1666,1692]" country="Japan" municipality="Sagami" name="Okinose" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Okinose</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="231CBB42FF8DFFB2FB7BF9111955F93F" box="[1194,1281,1666,1692]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Sagami</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="BBD061A8FF8DFFB2FADFF9101905F93E" box="[1294,1361,1667,1693]" name="Japan" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Japan</collectingCountry>
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; depth
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||
<quantity id="043F8CDDFF8DFFB2FF46F9351D4DF962" box="[151,281,1702,1729]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="375.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="150.0">
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<elevation id="48EAC60BFF8DFFB2FF46F9351D4DF962" box="[151,281,1702,1729]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="375.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="150.0">150–600 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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<collectorName id="6E3244EEFF8DFFB2FEF5F9341DA0F963" box="[292,500,1702,1729]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Leg. Prof. S. Bock</collectorName>
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1914
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="73AF2B65FF8DFFB2FD90F935193DF963" box="[577,1385,1702,1729]" collectionCode="UPSZTY" country="Japan" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="UPSZTY 2476" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paralectotype">
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<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFF8DFFB2FD90F9351E8DF963" box="[577,729,1702,1728]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCode id="93618943FF8DFFB2FD30F9341FDCF963" box="[737,904,1702,1729]" collectionCode="UPSZTY" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">UPSZTY 2476</specimenCode>
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A (
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<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF8DFFB2FC7AF9351846F962" box="[939,1042,1702,1729]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,561,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-161@40.[151,1436,561,1855]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 19. Sarsiflustra japonica Silén, 1938, Japan. A–C. Lectotype UPSZTY 2476B. A. Ancestrula and early astogeny. B. Close-up of autozooids and vicarious avicularia. C. Close-up of an avicularium lacking the mandible and showing the semicircular opening and the cryptocystal shelf of the rostrum. D. Paralectotype UPSZTY 2476A, irregularly shaped kenozooids at the lateral margins of the colony frond. Scale bars: A, B, D = 500 µm; C = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209138/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 19D</figureCitation>
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), same details as the
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<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFF8DFFB2FB2EF935193DF963" box="[1279,1385,1702,1728]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FF8DFFBDFF16F9591D2FFDBA" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C3782138FF8DFFB2FF16F959184CF8AA" blockId="39.[151,1437,1666,2017]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF8DFFB2FF16F9591D05F947" bold="true" box="[199,337,1738,1764]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Description</emphasis>
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. Colony erect, developing multiserial, bilamellar, flat, fan-shaped fronds, starting from a stalked ancestrula attached to the substrate by a small, circular basal portion (
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<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF8DFFB2FC72F97D185FF8AA" box="[931,1035,1774,1801]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,561,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-161@40.[151,1436,561,1855]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 19. Sarsiflustra japonica Silén, 1938, Japan. A–C. Lectotype UPSZTY 2476B. A. Ancestrula and early astogeny. B. Close-up of autozooids and vicarious avicularia. C. Close-up of an avicularium lacking the mandible and showing the semicircular opening and the cryptocystal shelf of the rostrum. D. Paralectotype UPSZTY 2476A, irregularly shaped kenozooids at the lateral margins of the colony frond. Scale bars: A, B, D = 500 µm; C = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209138/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C3782138FF8DFFB2FF16F88118C7F842" blockId="39.[151,1437,1666,2017]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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Ancestrula erect, proximal part of cystid columnar, broadening to an elongate-oval dilatation bearing the opesia, 910–980 × 540–550 µm, the column
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<quantity id="043F8CDDFF8DFFB2FD93F8A41ED1F8F2" box="[578,645,1847,1873]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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long, with regular constrictions and horizontal growth lines, tapering towards the encrusting base from
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<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF8DFFB2FDF0F8C81E61F8D7" box="[545,565,1883,1908]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">c.</emphasis>
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350 µm to 250 µm, the encrusting base
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<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF8DFFB2FBC4F8C8187CF8D7" box="[1045,1064,1883,1908]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">c.</emphasis>
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530 µm in maximum diameter; ancestrula budding three autozooids, one distal and two distolateral; the distally budded zooid smaller, 580–820 × 420–475 µm, rounded rectangular, the two distolaterally budded zooids larger, 650–995 × 530–620 µm, and irregularly shaped, the whole frontal surface occupied by the frontal membrane (
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<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF8DFFB2FBCFF85518D2F842" box="[1054,1158,1990,2017]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,561,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-161@40.[151,1436,561,1855]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 19. Sarsiflustra japonica Silén, 1938, Japan. A–C. Lectotype UPSZTY 2476B. A. Ancestrula and early astogeny. B. Close-up of autozooids and vicarious avicularia. C. Close-up of an avicularium lacking the mandible and showing the semicircular opening and the cryptocystal shelf of the rostrum. D. Paralectotype UPSZTY 2476A, irregularly shaped kenozooids at the lateral margins of the colony frond. Scale bars: A, B, D = 500 µm; C = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209138/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C3782138FF82FFBDFF16FF041D23FEBE" blockId="40.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Autozooids rounded hexagonal or pentagonal, almost twice as long as wide (mean L/
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<geoCoordinate id="A6F347FFFF82FFBDFBBFFF041895FF12" box="[1134,1217,151,177]" degrees="1.89" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="555" value="-1.89">W 1.89</geoCoordinate>
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), distinct, separated by shallow grooves and a slightly raised distal margin, arranged in radial rows and back to back; frontal surface entirely occupied by the frontal membrane, gymnocyst absent, cryptocyst minimal, visible distolaterally, faintly granular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF82FFBDFED5FE901D3EFEBE" box="[260,362,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,561,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-161@40.[151,1436,561,1855]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 19. Sarsiflustra japonica Silén, 1938, Japan. A–C. Lectotype UPSZTY 2476B. A. Ancestrula and early astogeny. B. Close-up of autozooids and vicarious avicularia. C. Close-up of an avicularium lacking the mandible and showing the semicircular opening and the cryptocystal shelf of the rostrum. D. Paralectotype UPSZTY 2476A, irregularly shaped kenozooids at the lateral margins of the colony frond. Scale bars: A, B, D = 500 µm; C = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209138/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 19B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C3782138FF82FFBDFF16FEB4187DFE0E" blockId="40.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Avicularia vicarious, as large as autozooids, placed at row bifurcations, budded distolaterally, tongue-shaped with pointed proximal margin, and with slightly more than half of the frontal surface occupied by the rounded triangular to spatulate mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF82FFBDFDDFFEFC1E21FE2A" box="[526,629,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,561,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-161@40.[151,1436,561,1855]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 19. Sarsiflustra japonica Silén, 1938, Japan. A–C. Lectotype UPSZTY 2476B. A. Ancestrula and early astogeny. B. Close-up of autozooids and vicarious avicularia. C. Close-up of an avicularium lacking the mandible and showing the semicircular opening and the cryptocystal shelf of the rostrum. D. Paralectotype UPSZTY 2476A, irregularly shaped kenozooids at the lateral margins of the colony frond. Scale bars: A, B, D = 500 µm; C = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209138/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 19B</figureCitation>
|
||
), 320–500 µm long; rostrum with a distal, depressed cryptocystal shelf 180 µm wide, opening semielliptical to semicircular,
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF82FFBDFD3CFE001F54FE0F" box="[749,768,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">c.</emphasis>
|
||
215 × 260 µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF82FFBDFC64FE001848FE0E" box="[949,1052,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,561,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-161@40.[151,1436,561,1855]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 19. Sarsiflustra japonica Silén, 1938, Japan. A–C. Lectotype UPSZTY 2476B. A. Ancestrula and early astogeny. B. Close-up of autozooids and vicarious avicularia. C. Close-up of an avicularium lacking the mandible and showing the semicircular opening and the cryptocystal shelf of the rostrum. D. Paralectotype UPSZTY 2476A, irregularly shaped kenozooids at the lateral margins of the colony frond. Scale bars: A, B, D = 500 µm; C = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209138/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 19C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C3782138FF82FFBDFF16FE241D16FE56" blockId="40.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Kenozooids developed at the lateral margins of the colony fronds, irregularly triangular, 520–750 × 275–360 µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF82FFBDFF1DFE481D61FE56" box="[204,309,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,561,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-161@40.[151,1436,561,1855]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 19. Sarsiflustra japonica Silén, 1938, Japan. A–C. Lectotype UPSZTY 2476B. A. Ancestrula and early astogeny. B. Close-up of autozooids and vicarious avicularia. C. Close-up of an avicularium lacking the mandible and showing the semicircular opening and the cryptocystal shelf of the rostrum. D. Paralectotype UPSZTY 2476A, irregularly shaped kenozooids at the lateral margins of the colony frond. Scale bars: A, B, D = 500 µm; C = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209138/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 19D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C3782138FF82FFBDFF16FE6C1D2FFDBA" blockId="40.[151,1437,151,537]" box="[199,379,511,537]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ovicells absent.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="97B871B0FF82FFBDFF46F8C51FA8F878" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209138" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10209138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209138/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" startId="40.[151,250,1878,1902]" targetBox="[151,1436,561,1855]" targetPageId="40" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="C3782138FF82FFBDFF46F8C51FA8F878" blockId="40.[151,1437,1878,2011]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF82FFBDFF46F8C51D76F8CD" bold="true" box="[151,290,1878,1902]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF82FFBDFEFAF8C41ED0F8CC" authority="Silen, 1938" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1938" box="[299,644,1879,1903]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Sarsiflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF82FFBDFEFAF8C41E57F8CD" box="[299,515,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Sarsiflustra japonica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF82FFBDFDDDF8C41ED0F8CC" author="Silen, L." box="[524,644,1879,1903]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="149 - 366" refId="ref63667" refString="Silen, L. (1938) Zur Kenntnis des Polymorphismus der Bryozoen. Die Avicularien der Cheilostomata Anasca. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 17, 149 - 366." type="journal article" year="1938">Silén, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Japan. A–C. Lectotype UPSZTY 2476B. A. Ancestrula and early astogeny. B. Close-up of autozooids and vicarious avicularia. C. Close-up of an avicularium lacking the mandible and showing the semicircular opening and the cryptocystal shelf of the rostrum. D. Paralectotype UPSZTY 2476A, irregularly shaped kenozooids at the lateral margins of the colony frond. Scale bars: A, B, D = 500 µm; C = 200 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FF83FFBCFF16FF041FBAFDC2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C3782138FF83FFBCFF16FF041DAAFE72" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF83FFBCFF16FF041D6FFF12" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,177]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF83FFBCFE94FF041D87FF12" author="Silen, L." box="[325,467,151,177]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref63698" refString="Silen, L. (1941) Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Arkiv for zoologi, 33 A, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1941">Silén (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stressed the importance of avicularia to distinguish between very similar genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF83FFBCFF46FF281D5FFF76" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1828" box="[151,267,187,213]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Flustridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF83FFBCFEC4FF281DCCFF76" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1903" box="[277,408,187,213]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Sarsiflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF83FFBCFEC4FF281DCCFF76" box="[277,408,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Sarsiflustra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is defined as the flustrid genus in which vicarious avicularia are budded distolaterally from the mother zooid and placed at the bifurcation of zooidal rows, are the same size as autozooids, have pointed proximal margins and half of the frontal surface occupied by a lingulate (i.e. tongue-shaped) mandible. The molecular phylogeny of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF83FFBCFE7FFEB41E38FEE2" author="Orr, R. J. S. & Di Martino, E. & Ramsfjell, M. H. & Gordon, D. P. & Berning, B. & Chowdhury, I. & Craig, S. & Cumming, R. L. & Figuerola, B. & Florence, W. & Harmelin, J. - G. & Hirose, M. & Huang, D. & Jain, S. S. & Jenkins, H. S. & Kotenko, O. N. & Kuklinski, P. & Lee, H. E. & Madurell, T. & McCann, L. & Mello, H. L. & Ostrovsky, A. N. & Paulay, G. & Porter, J. S. & Shunatova, N. N. & Smith, A. & Souto-Derungs, J. & Vieira, L. M. & Voje, K. L. & Waeschenbach, A. & Zagorsek, K. & Warnock, R. C. M. & Liow, L. H." box="[430,620,295,321]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="7452" refId="ref62650" refString="Orr, R. J. S., Di Martino, E., Ramsfjell, M. H., Gordon, D. P., Berning, B., Chowdhury, I., Craig, S., Cumming, R. L., Figuerola, B., Florence, W., Harmelin, J. - G., Hirose, M., Huang, D., Jain, S. S., Jenkins, H. S., Kotenko, O. N., Kuklinski, P., Lee, H. E., Madurell, T., McCann, L., Mello, H. L., Obst, M., Ostrovsky, A. N., Paulay, G., Porter, J. S., Shunatova, N. N., Smith, A., Souto-Derungs, J., Vieira, L. M., Voje, K. L., Waeschenbach, A., Zagorsek, K., Warnock, R. C. M. & Liow, L. H. (2022) Paleozoic origin of cheilostome bryozoans and their parental care inferred by a new genome-skimmed phylogeny. Science Advances, 8, eabm 7452. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / sciadv. abm 7452" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Orr
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF83FFBCFE0CFEB41E43FEE2" box="[477,535,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which includes species of some flustrid genera (i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF83FFBCFB19FEB41967FEE2" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1848" box="[1224,1331,295,321]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Chartella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF83FFBCFB19FEB41967FEE2" box="[1224,1331,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Chartella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF83FFBCFA92FEB419C1FEE2" box="[1347,1429,295,321]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Flustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF83FFBCFA92FEB419C1FEE2" box="[1347,1429,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Flustra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF83FFBCFF46FED81D5DFEC6" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,265,331,357]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF83FFBCFF46FED81D5DFEC6" box="[151,265,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Hincksina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF83FFBCFEC8FED81DF1FEC6" authorityName="Moyano" authorityYear="1972" box="[281,421,331,357]" class="Gymnolaemata" genus="Klugeflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF83FFBCFEC8FED81DF1FEC6" box="[281,421,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Klugeflustra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF83FFBCFE67FED81E02FEC6" authorityName="Moyano" authorityYear="1972" box="[438,598,331,357]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Nematoflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF83FFBCFE67FED81E02FEC6" box="[438,598,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Nematoflustra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF83FFBCFDB6FED81E89FEC6" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[615,733,331,357]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Retiflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF83FFBCFDB6FED81E89FEC6" box="[615,733,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Retiflustra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF83FFBCFD3FFED81F2BFEC6" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1941" box="[750,895,331,357]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Securiflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF83FFBCFD3FFED81F2BFEC6" box="[750,895,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Securiflustra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF83FFBCFC5EFED8185EFEC6" authorityName="Liu & Yang" authorityYear="1995" box="[911,1034,331,357]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Sinoflustridae" genus="Sinoflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF83FFBCFC5EFED8185EFEC6" box="[911,1034,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Sinoflustra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), shows that the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF83FFBCFAF4FED819CCFEC6" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1828" box="[1317,1432,331,357]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Flustridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as currently defined, is polyphyletic with only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF83FFBCFD6AFEFC1F79FE2A" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1903" box="[699,813,367,393]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF83FFBCFD6AFEFC1F79FE2A" box="[699,813,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Hincksina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF83FFBCFCEFFEFC1FFDFE2A" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1848" box="[830,937,367,393]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Chartella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF83FFBCFCEFFEFC1FFDFE2A" box="[830,937,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Chartella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF83FFBCFC6AFEFC1818FE2A" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1941" box="[955,1100,367,393]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Securiflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF83FFBCFC6AFEFC1818FE2A" box="[955,1100,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Securiflustra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF83FFBCFB5BFEFC1888FE2A" box="[1162,1244,367,393]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Flustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF83FFBCFB5BFEFC1888FE2A" box="[1162,1244,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Flustra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forming a wellsupported, monophyletic clade, confirming previous hypotheses regarding the heterogeneity of this family (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF83FFBCFF46FE241D47FE72" author="Silen, L." box="[151,275,439,465]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref63698" refString="Silen, L. (1941) Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Arkiv for zoologi, 33 A, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1941">Silén 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF83FFBCFECEFE241DA6FE72" author="Martha, S. O. & Vieira, L. M. & Souto-Derungs, J. & Grischenko, A. V. & Gordon, D. P. & Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[287,498,439,465]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="317 - 423" refId="ref61929" refString="Martha, S. O., Vieira, L. M., Souto-Derungs, J., Grischenko, A. V., Gordon, D. P. & Ostrovsky, A. N. (2020) Gymnolaemata, Cheilostomata. In: Schwaha, T. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology, Phylum Bryozoa, de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 317 - 423. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110586312 - 011" type="book chapter" year="2020">
|
||
Martha
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF83FFBCFEA7FE241DFBFE72" box="[374,431,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C3782138FF83FFBCFF16FE481FBAFDC2" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
The only other species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF83FFBCFD8CFE481EB4FE56" authorityName="Jullien" authorityYear="1903" box="[605,736,475,501]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Sarsiflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF83FFBCFD8CFE481EB4FE56" box="[605,736,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Sarsiflustra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF83FFBCFD3FFE481840FE56" authority="(Sars, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[750,1044,475,501]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Sarsiflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF83FFBCFD3FFE481FD4FE56" box="[750,896,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">S. abyssicola</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF83FFBCFC41FE481858FE56" author="Sars, G. O." box="[912,1036,475,501]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref63554" refString="Sars, G. O. (1872) On some remarkable forms of animal life from the great deeps off the Norwegian coast. I. Partly from the posthumous manuscript of the late Professor Dr. Michael Sars. Christiania University Program for the first half year 1869. Printed by Brogger & Christie, Christiania, 82 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11274" type="book" year="1872">Sars, 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF83FFBCFB7CFE481978FE57" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1938" box="[1197,1324,475,501]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Sarsiflustra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF83FFBCFB7CFE481978FE57" box="[1197,1324,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">S. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the colony starting with a broad encrusting sheet of autozooids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF83FFBCFC57FE6C18FBFDBA" author="Hayward, P. J. & Ryland, J. S." box="[902,1199,511,537]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref60281" refString="Hayward, P. J. & Ryland, J. S. (1998) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Part 1. Aeteoidea - Cribrilinoidea. In: Barnes, R. S. K. & Crothers, J. H. (Eds.), S ynopses of the British Fauna. New Series No. 10. Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury, 366 pp." type="book" year="1998">Hayward & Ryland 1998</bibRefCitation>
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), instead of an erect ancestrula with a small encrusting base, and in the presence of immersed ooecia with an apical pore, while the present species is considered to brood embryos fully internally (
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<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF83FFBCFCB2FDD41FB6FDC2" author="Silen, L." box="[867,994,583,609]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="149 - 366" refId="ref63667" refString="Silen, L. (1938) Zur Kenntnis des Polymorphismus der Bryozoen. Die Avicularien der Cheilostomata Anasca. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 17, 149 - 366." type="journal article" year="1938">Silén 1938</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |