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<document id="BA96199554BA941F447BD3E7492D032F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5379.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10209083" ID-ZooBank="430102D2-4EAA-41B3-B57F-CC532F929DA3" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1701074983827" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Martino, Emanuela Di" docDate="2023" docId="4B6E902EFF84FFBAFF46FF4C1E15FB39" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5379.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5379 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5379.1.1/52354" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Caulibugula bocki Silen 1941" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="B757E856FFAAFF95FFD1FF931C54FFA3" masterDocTitle="Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén’s cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1701076047985" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4882AF755F715CF210CA59E8A85D3E4B">Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén’s cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6B6E05611F90A5330D6DDFF573EDBD8A">Martino, Emanuela Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="371FB7FC4169BD42D4D5D1BF2EF1D889">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C78AC34CB58381EAF3838DC0B1A2D73D">5379</mods:number>
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<treatment id="4B6E902EFF84FFBAFF46FF4C1E15FB39" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B6E902EFF84FFBAFF46FF4C1E15FB39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B6E902EFF84FFBAFF46FF4C1E15FB39" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FF84FFBBFF46FF4C1E52FF5A" box="[151,518,222,250]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C3782138FF84FFBBFF46FF4C1E52FF5A" blockId="46.[151,518,222,285]" box="[151,518,222,250]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<heading id="98309654FF84FFBBFF46FF4C1E52FF5A" bold="true" box="[151,518,222,250]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF84FFBBFF46FF4C1E52FF5A" ID-CoL="RX57" authority="Silen, 1941" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,518,222,250]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Caulibugula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bocki">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF84FFBBFF46FF4C1E52FF5A" bold="true" box="[151,518,222,250]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF84FFBBFF46FF4C1D23FF59" bold="true" box="[151,375,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Caulibugula bocki</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF84FFBBFEAEFF4D1E52FF5A" author="Silen, L." box="[383,518,222,249]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref63698" refString="Silen, L. (1941) Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Arkiv for zoologi, 33 A, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1941">Silén, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FF84FFBBFF46FE901D3DFEBE" box="[151,361,259,285]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="C3782138FF84FFBBFF46FE901D3DFEBE" blockId="46.[151,518,222,285]" box="[151,361,259,285]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
(
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF84FFBBFF4EFE901CA7FEBE" box="[159,243,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-129@46.[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 23. Caulibugula bocki Silén, 1941. A. Holotype UPSZTY 2461, Bonin Islands, Japan. A. Stem of strongly calcified kenozooids and chitinous tubes. B–F. Paratype UPSZTY 191151, Bonin Islands, Japan. B. Branch bifurcation. C. Close-up of zooids at bifurcation. D. Close-up of autozooids along the branch. E. Branch with a partially preserved tubular autozooid. F. Close-up of the tubular autozooid in (E). Scale bars: A, C = 300 µm; B = 500 µm; D, E = 200 µm; F = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209148/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="8E451483FF84FFBBFF2FFE901D34FEBE" box="[254,352,259,285]" captionStart="TABLE 21" captionStartId="47.[151,239,908,932]" captionText="TABLE 21. Measurements in µm of Caulibugula bocki Silén, 1941. Paratype UPSZTY 191151." pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Table 21</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FF84FFBBFF46FEDB1ECDFEFC" box="[151,665,327,352]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C3782138FF84FFBBFF46FEDB1ECDFEFC" blockId="46.[151,665,327,352]" box="[151,665,327,352]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E3D70616FF84FFBBFF46FEDB1ECDFEFC" box="[151,665,327,352]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<treatmentCitation id="42660729FF84FFBBFF46FEDB1E56FEC3" author="Silen, L." box="[151,514,328,352]" page="109" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1941">
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF84FFBBFF46FEDB1E56FEC3" ID-CoL="RX57" authority="Silen, 1941: 109" authorityName="Silen" authorityPageNumber="109" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,514,328,352]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Caulibugula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bocki">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF84FFBBFF46FEDB1D07FEC3" box="[151,339,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Caulibugula bocki</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF84FFBBFE88FEDB1E56FEC3" author="Silen, L." box="[345,514,328,352]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref63698" refString="Silen, L. (1941) Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Arkiv for zoologi, 33 A, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1941">Silén, 1941: 109</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 153–157.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FF84FFBBFF46FE1E197AFE53" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C3782138FF84FFBBFF46FE1E197AFE53" blockId="46.[151,1436,397,604]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF84FFBBFF46FE1E1DD4FE04" bold="true" box="[151,384,397,423]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="73AF2B65FF84FFBBFE57FE1D1837FE6F" collectionCode="UPSZTY" country="Japan" elevation="105" location="Bonin Islands" municipality="Chichijima" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCode="UPSZTY 2461" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFF84FFBBFE57FE1D1DBAFE0B" box="[390,494,398,424]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
by original designation
<specimenCode id="93618943FF84FFBBFD2DFE1D1FF7FE0B" box="[764,931,398,424]" collectionCode="UPSZTY" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">UPSZTY 2461</specimenCode>
(
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF84FFBBFC63FE1D184DFE0B" box="[946,1049,398,424]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-129@46.[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 23. Caulibugula bocki Silén, 1941. A. Holotype UPSZTY 2461, Bonin Islands, Japan. A. Stem of strongly calcified kenozooids and chitinous tubes. B–F. Paratype UPSZTY 191151, Bonin Islands, Japan. B. Branch bifurcation. C. Close-up of zooids at bifurcation. D. Close-up of autozooids along the branch. E. Branch with a partially preserved tubular autozooid. F. Close-up of the tubular autozooid in (E). Scale bars: A, C = 300 µm; B = 500 µm; D, E = 200 µm; F = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209148/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
),
<location id="C61877E3FF84FFBBFBFDFE1D1892FE0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B6E902EFF84FFBAFF46FF4C1E15FB39:C61877E3FF84FFBBFBFDFE1D1892FE0B" box="[1068,1222,398,424]" country="Japan" municipality="Chichijima" name="Bonin Islands" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Bonin Islands</location>
(Ogasawara), west from
<collectingMunicipality id="231CBB42FF84FFBBFF07FE211D01FE6F" box="[214,341,434,460]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Chichijima</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="BBD061A8FF84FFBBFEB0FE211DF0FE6F" box="[353,420,434,460]" name="Japan" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Japan</collectingCountry>
; depth
<quantity id="043F8CDDFF84FFBBFE26FE211E2DFE6F" box="[503,633,434,460]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="105.0" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="100.0">
<elevation id="48EAC60BFF84FFBBFE26FE211E2DFE6F" box="[503,633,434,460]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="105.0" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="100.0">100–110 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; sea-bottom made of shell rubble and sand
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="73AF2B65FF84FFBBFBBFFE21197EFE53" collectionCode="UPSZTY" collectorName="Leg. Prof. S. Bock" country="Japan" elevation="135" location="Bonin Islands" municipality="Higashijima" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCode="UPSZTY 191151" specimenCount="135" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFF84FFBBFBBFFE211884FE6F" box="[1134,1232,434,460]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="93618943FF84FFBBFB09FE2119C8FE6E" box="[1240,1436,434,461]" collectionCode="UPSZTY" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">UPSZTY 191151</specimenCode>
(
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF84FFBBFF4EFE451D70FE53" box="[159,292,470,496]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-129@46.[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 23. Caulibugula bocki Silén, 1941. A. Holotype UPSZTY 2461, Bonin Islands, Japan. A. Stem of strongly calcified kenozooids and chitinous tubes. B–F. Paratype UPSZTY 191151, Bonin Islands, Japan. B. Branch bifurcation. C. Close-up of zooids at bifurcation. D. Close-up of autozooids along the branch. E. Branch with a partially preserved tubular autozooid. F. Close-up of the tubular autozooid in (E). Scale bars: A, C = 300 µm; B = 500 µm; D, E = 200 µm; F = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209148/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 23B–F</figureCitation>
),
<location id="C61877E3FF84FFBBFEE6FE451D86FE53" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4B6E902EFF84FFBAFF46FF4C1E15FB39:C61877E3FF84FFBBFEE6FE451D86FE53" box="[311,466,470,496]" country="Japan" municipality="Higashijima" name="Bonin Islands" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Bonin Islands</location>
(Ogasawara), east from
<collectingMunicipality id="231CBB42FF84FFBBFD37FE451F26FE53" box="[742,882,470,496]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Higashijima</collectingMunicipality>
, depth
<specimenCount id="D5C1EAB1FF84FFBBFC13FE451844FE53" box="[962,1040,470,497]" count="135" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="generic">
<quantity id="043F8CDDFF84FFBBFC13FE451858FE53" box="[962,1036,470,497]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="135.0">
<elevation id="48EAC60BFF84FFBBFC13FE451858FE53" box="[962,1036,470,497]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="135.0">135 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
<collectorName id="6E3244EEFF84FFBBFBC6FE4518B3FE53" box="[1047,1255,470,496]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Leg. Prof. S. Bock</collectorName>
1914
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FF84FFBAFF16FE6A1ECDFEC6" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="C3782138FF84FFBBFF16FE6A1D1EFDFF" blockId="46.[151,1436,397,604]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF84FFBBFF16FE6A1D0DFDB0" bold="true" box="[199,345,505,531]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Description.</emphasis>
Colony erect-flexible with bifurcating unilaminar, biserial branches (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF84FFBBFBA1FE6918AEFDB7" box="[1136,1274,506,532]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-129@46.[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 23. Caulibugula bocki Silén, 1941. A. Holotype UPSZTY 2461, Bonin Islands, Japan. A. Stem of strongly calcified kenozooids and chitinous tubes. B–F. Paratype UPSZTY 191151, Bonin Islands, Japan. B. Branch bifurcation. C. Close-up of zooids at bifurcation. D. Close-up of autozooids along the branch. E. Branch with a partially preserved tubular autozooid. F. Close-up of the tubular autozooid in (E). Scale bars: A, C = 300 µm; B = 500 µm; D, E = 200 µm; F = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209148/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 23B, C</figureCitation>
); the creeping basal part of the colony formed by tubular kenozooids strongly calcified, and with a slit-like membranous central area (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF84FFBBFF04FDD11D6AFDFF" box="[213,318,578,604]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-129@46.[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 23. Caulibugula bocki Silén, 1941. A. Holotype UPSZTY 2461, Bonin Islands, Japan. A. Stem of strongly calcified kenozooids and chitinous tubes. B–F. Paratype UPSZTY 191151, Bonin Islands, Japan. B. Branch bifurcation. C. Close-up of zooids at bifurcation. D. Close-up of autozooids along the branch. E. Branch with a partially preserved tubular autozooid. F. Close-up of the tubular autozooid in (E). Scale bars: A, C = 300 µm; B = 500 µm; D, E = 200 µm; F = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209148/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="97B871B0FF84FFBBFF46F8A118ABF814" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209148" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10209148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209148/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" startId="46.[151,250,1842,1866]" targetBox="[151,1436,628,1819]" targetPageId="46" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="C3782138FF84FFBBFF46F8A118ABF814" blockId="46.[151,1437,1842,1975]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF84FFBBFF46F8A11D75F8E9" bold="true" box="[151,289,1842,1866]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF84FFBBFEF6F8A11E36F8E9" authority="Silen, 1941" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1941" box="[295,610,1842,1866]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Caulibugula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bocki">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF84FFBBFEF6F8A11DB0F8E9" box="[295,484,1842,1866]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Caulibugula bocki</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF84FFBBFE3AF8A11E36F8E9" author="Silen, L." box="[491,610,1842,1866]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref63698" refString="Silen, L. (1941) Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Arkiv for zoologi, 33 A, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1941">Silén, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Holotype UPSZTY 2461, Bonin Islands, Japan. A. Stem of strongly calcified kenozooids and chitinous tubes. B–F. Paratype UPSZTY 191151, Bonin Islands, Japan. B. Branch bifurcation. C. Close-up of zooids at bifurcation. D. Close-up of autozooids along the branch. E. Branch with a partially preserved tubular autozooid. F. Close-up of the tubular autozooid in (E). Scale bars: A, C = 300 µm; B = 500 µm; D, E = 200 µm; F = 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C3782138FF85FFBAFF16FF0418A6FEE2" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Autozooids elongate and slender (mean L/
<geoCoordinate id="A6F347FFFF85FFBAFD4FFF041EA6FF12" box="[670,754,151,177]" degrees="4.07" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="555" value="-4.07">W 4.07</geoCoordinate>
), shorter at bifurcations, arranged in alternating biserial rows, proximal end tapered, distal end truncated straight or slightly convex (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF85FFBAFC7FFF281861FF76" box="[942,1077,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-129@46.[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 23. Caulibugula bocki Silén, 1941. A. Holotype UPSZTY 2461, Bonin Islands, Japan. A. Stem of strongly calcified kenozooids and chitinous tubes. B–F. Paratype UPSZTY 191151, Bonin Islands, Japan. B. Branch bifurcation. C. Close-up of zooids at bifurcation. D. Close-up of autozooids along the branch. E. Branch with a partially preserved tubular autozooid. F. Close-up of the tubular autozooid in (E). Scale bars: A, C = 300 µm; B = 500 µm; D, E = 200 µm; F = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209148/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 23D, E</figureCitation>
); frontal surface almost entirely occupied by the frontal membrane and opesia, except for a short band of smooth gymnocyst, 75–100 µm long; spines absent; opercular region well-defined, transversely D-shaped, 50–70 × 90–115 µm (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF85FFBAFB4BFE901971FEBE" box="[1178,1317,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-129@46.[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 23. Caulibugula bocki Silén, 1941. A. Holotype UPSZTY 2461, Bonin Islands, Japan. A. Stem of strongly calcified kenozooids and chitinous tubes. B–F. Paratype UPSZTY 191151, Bonin Islands, Japan. B. Branch bifurcation. C. Close-up of zooids at bifurcation. D. Close-up of autozooids along the branch. E. Branch with a partially preserved tubular autozooid. F. Close-up of the tubular autozooid in (E). Scale bars: A, C = 300 µm; B = 500 µm; D, E = 200 µm; F = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209148/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 23C, D</figureCitation>
). A single, incomplete zooid, with a more tubular shape and distal end evenly rounded, observed (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF85FFBAFBB2FEB418B1FEE2" box="[1123,1253,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-129@46.[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 23. Caulibugula bocki Silén, 1941. A. Holotype UPSZTY 2461, Bonin Islands, Japan. A. Stem of strongly calcified kenozooids and chitinous tubes. B–F. Paratype UPSZTY 191151, Bonin Islands, Japan. B. Branch bifurcation. C. Close-up of zooids at bifurcation. D. Close-up of autozooids along the branch. E. Branch with a partially preserved tubular autozooid. F. Close-up of the tubular autozooid in (E). Scale bars: A, C = 300 µm; B = 500 µm; D, E = 200 µm; F = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209148/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 23E, F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C3782138FF85FFBAFF16FED81ECDFEC6" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,861]" box="[199,665,331,357]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Avicularia and ovicells seemingly absent.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BDD72B3FF85FFBAFF16FEFC1E15FB39" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C3782138FF85FFBAFF16FEFC1D9AFD52" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFF16FEFC1D6FFE2A" bold="true" box="[199,315,367,393]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Remarks.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFF85FFBAFEABFEFC1D88FE2A" box="[378,476,367,393]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen consists only of the creeping basal part of the colony formed by tubular, strongly calcified kenozooids (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF85FFBAFE22FE001E09FE0E" box="[499,605,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-129@46.[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 23. Caulibugula bocki Silén, 1941. A. Holotype UPSZTY 2461, Bonin Islands, Japan. A. Stem of strongly calcified kenozooids and chitinous tubes. B–F. Paratype UPSZTY 191151, Bonin Islands, Japan. B. Branch bifurcation. C. Close-up of zooids at bifurcation. D. Close-up of autozooids along the branch. E. Branch with a partially preserved tubular autozooid. F. Close-up of the tubular autozooid in (E). Scale bars: A, C = 300 µm; B = 500 µm; D, E = 200 µm; F = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209148/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
). The two branches emanating from the kenozooidal stalk, one consisting of two kenozooids and the other of three autozooids and four kenozooids as described in
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF85FFBAFBABFE2418A9FE72" author="Silen, L." box="[1146,1277,439,465]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref63698" refString="Silen, L. (1941) Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Arkiv for zoologi, 33 A, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1941">Silén (1941</bibRefCitation>
, p. 109), were not found. The studied
<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFF85FFBAFE76FE481E5DFE56" box="[423,521,475,501]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
material is from locality 32 as indicated by
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF85FFBAFBC2FE4818F0FE56" author="Silen, L." box="[1043,1188,475,501]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref63698" refString="Silen, L. (1941) Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Arkiv for zoologi, 33 A, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1941">Silén (1941)</bibRefCitation>
. However, this initial indication conflicts with the figure caption, in which the specimen drawn is referred to locality 31. No material labeled as
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF85FFBAFEDCFDB01D3EFD9E" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1941" box="[269,362,547,573]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Caulibugula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bocki">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFEDCFDB01D3EFD9E" box="[269,362,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C. bocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found from locality
<quantity id="043F8CDDFF85FFBAFD66FDB01EA4FD9E" box="[695,752,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.874" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="in" value="31.0">31 in</quantity>
the collection, suggesting that it might be a typological error. The other specimen available, the
<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFF85FFBAFDCDFDD41E28FDC2" box="[540,636,583,609]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
from locality 37 (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF85FFBAFC9AFDD41F81FDC2" box="[843,981,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-129@46.[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 23. Caulibugula bocki Silén, 1941. A. Holotype UPSZTY 2461, Bonin Islands, Japan. A. Stem of strongly calcified kenozooids and chitinous tubes. B–F. Paratype UPSZTY 191151, Bonin Islands, Japan. B. Branch bifurcation. C. Close-up of zooids at bifurcation. D. Close-up of autozooids along the branch. E. Branch with a partially preserved tubular autozooid. F. Close-up of the tubular autozooid in (E). Scale bars: A, C = 300 µm; B = 500 µm; D, E = 200 µm; F = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209148/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 23B–G</figureCitation>
), lacked the distal kenozooids described and figured in
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF85FFBAFEEFFDF81D96FD26" author="Silen, L." box="[318,450,619,645]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref63698" refString="Silen, L. (1941) Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Arkiv for zoologi, 33 A, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1941">Silén (1941</bibRefCitation>
, figs 155, 156), while included the tubular zooid (
<figureCitation id="5BFC3DBDFF85FFBAFC28FDF81808FD26" box="[1017,1116,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-129@46.[151,1436,628,1819]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 23. Caulibugula bocki Silén, 1941. A. Holotype UPSZTY 2461, Bonin Islands, Japan. A. Stem of strongly calcified kenozooids and chitinous tubes. B–F. Paratype UPSZTY 191151, Bonin Islands, Japan. B. Branch bifurcation. C. Close-up of zooids at bifurcation. D. Close-up of autozooids along the branch. E. Branch with a partially preserved tubular autozooid. F. Close-up of the tubular autozooid in (E). Scale bars: A, C = 300 µm; B = 500 µm; D, E = 200 µm; F = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10209148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10209148/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 23F</figureCitation>
) interpreted by
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF85FFBAFAC1FDF819C8FD26" author="Silen, L." box="[1296,1436,619,645]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref63698" refString="Silen, L. (1941) Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Arkiv for zoologi, 33 A, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1941">Silén (1941)</bibRefCitation>
as transitional between a distal kenozooid and a ‘true’ autozooid. It is worth noting that the numerical identifiers assigned to localities by
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF85FFBAFE7CFD201E6DFD6E" author="Silen, L." box="[429,569,691,717]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref63698" refString="Silen, L. (1941) Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Arkiv for zoologi, 33 A, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1941">Silén (1941)</bibRefCitation>
lack any direct correlation with sampling station numbers; they were simply part of an ordinal sequence.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C3782138FF85FFBAFF16FD681D7CFCFE" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<materialsCitation id="73AF2B65FF85FFBAFF16FD681D70FCFE" collectionCode="MEUU" collectorName="Prof. S. Bock's" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
The large volume of unsorted material deposited at
<collectionCode id="A5D6B9FDFF85FFBAFCD3FD681F00FCB6" box="[770,852,763,789]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">MEUU</collectionCode>
from
<collectorName id="6E3244EEFF85FFBAFC46FD68186BFCB6" box="[919,1087,763,789]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Prof. S. Bock’s</collectorName>
1914 expedition might provide better preserved specimens showing all the described characters, an ideal condition for the selection of a
<typeStatus id="1C7C9F9AFF85FFBAFA95FC8C19C9FC9A" box="[1348,1437,799,825]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
in the future
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="97B871B0FF85FFBAFF46FC1F18C8FC07" box="[151,1180,908,933]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" startId="47.[151,239,908,932]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="C3782138FF85FFBAFF46FC1F18C8FC07" blockId="47.[151,1180,908,933]" box="[151,1180,908,933]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFF46FC1F1D43FC07" bold="true" box="[151,279,908,932]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">TABLE 21.</emphasis>
Measurements in µm of
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF85FFBAFDF5FC1F1F38FC06" authority="Silen, 1941" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1941" box="[548,876,908,933]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Caulibugula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bocki">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFDF5FC1F1EBEFC07" box="[548,746,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Caulibugula bocki</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF85FFBAFD21FC1F1F38FC06" author="Silen, L." box="[752,876,908,933]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref63698" refString="Silen, L. (1941) Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Arkiv for zoologi, 33 A, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1941">Silén, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Paratype UPSZTY 191151.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C3782138FF85FFBAFEE2FC271968FB84" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<table id="B1C7D398FF85006AFF72FC271915FB84" box="[163,1345,948,1063]" colsContinueFrom="43.[163,1361,1627,1975]" colsContinueIn="50.[163,1364,979,1124]" gridcols="6" gridrows="3" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<tr id="7DF7237AFF85006AFF72FC271915FC6F" box="[163,1345,948,972]" gridrow="0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="3E264A06FF85006AFEE2FC271E57FC6F" box="[307,515,948,972]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFEE2FC271E57FC6F" bold="true" box="[307,515,948,972]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N (zooids, colonies)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="3E264A06FF85006AFD51FC271EEAFC6F" box="[640,702,948,972]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFD51FC271EEAFC6F" bold="true" box="[640,702,948,972]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Mean</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="3E264A06FF85006AFC8CFC271FD1FC6F" box="[861,901,948,972]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFCB0FC271FD5FC6F" bold="true" box="[865,897,948,972]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">SD</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="3E264A06FF85006AFBE1FC271809FC6F" box="[1072,1117,948,972]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFBE1FC271809FC6F" bold="true" box="[1072,1117,948,972]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Min</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="3E264A06FF85006AFAC1FC271915FC6F" box="[1296,1345,948,972]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFAC1FC271915FC6F" bold="true" box="[1296,1345,948,972]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Max</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="7DF7237AFF85006AFF72FC711915FC59" box="[163,1345,994,1018]" gridrow="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<th id="3E264A06FF85006AFF72FC711C99FC59" box="[163,205,994,1018]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFF72FC711C91FC59" bold="true" box="[163,197,994,1018]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">ZL</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="3E264A06FF85006AFEE2FC711E57FC59" box="[307,515,994,1018]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">14, 1</td>
<td id="3E264A06FF85006AFD51FC711EEAFC59" box="[640,702,994,1018]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">744</td>
<td id="3E264A06FF85006AFC8CFC711FD1FC59" box="[861,901,994,1018]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">±63</td>
<td id="3E264A06FF85006AFBE1FC711809FC59" box="[1072,1117,994,1018]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">612</td>
<td id="3E264A06FF85006AFAC1FC711915FC59" box="[1296,1345,994,1018]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">810</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7DF7237AFF85006AFF72FB9C1915FB84" box="[163,1345,1039,1063]" gridrow="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<th id="3E264A06FF85006AFF72FB9C1C99FB84" box="[163,205,1039,1063]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFF72FB9C1C99FB84" bold="true" box="[163,205,1039,1063]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">ZW</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="3E264A06FF85006AFEE2FB9C1E57FB84" box="[307,515,1039,1063]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">14, 1</td>
<td id="3E264A06FF85006AFD51FB9C1EEAFB84" box="[640,702,1039,1063]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">183</td>
<td id="3E264A06FF85006AFC8CFB9C1FD1FB84" box="[861,901,1039,1063]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">±25</td>
<td id="3E264A06FF85006AFBE1FB9C1809FB84" box="[1072,1117,1039,1063]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">141</td>
<td id="3E264A06FF85006AFAC1FB9C1915FB84" box="[1296,1345,1039,1063]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">226</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C3782138FF85FFBAFF46FB131E15FB39" blockId="47.[151,577,1151,1178]" box="[151,577,1151,1178]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFF46FB131E15FB39" bold="true" box="[151,577,1151,1178]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="04C75ABBFF85FFBAFF3FFBEC1E15FB39" authority="Silen, 1941" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1941" box="[238,577,1151,1178]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bugulidae" genus="Semikinetoskias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F1B3FD2AFF85FFBAFF3FFBEC1DE6FB39" bold="true" box="[238,434,1151,1178]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Semikinetoskias</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A7565CC9FF85FFBAFE68FBEC1E15FB39" author="Silen, L." box="[441,577,1151,1178]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref63698" refString="Silen, L. (1941) Cheilostomata Anasca (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Arkiv for zoologi, 33 A, 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1941">Silén, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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