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<document id="453D8668DA872FFA9008C92414B7011C" ID-CLB-Dataset="22182" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4774.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="269cf599-428d-464d-8f21-994d69110c5c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3825140" ID-ZooBank="B0C4A2F8-F2AB-4147-BB12-63720EEF2516" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589391149229" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ekins, Merrick, Erpenbeck, Dirk &amp; Hooper, John N. A." docDate="2020" docId="03D287B691393B62FF7EF909FCBAFE6A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4774.1.1.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4774 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="BE9789AD-04EA-4A90-8374-2B669796A19E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="123" masterDocId="FFEBFFCE914E3B18FFE9FFBBFFF8FF9D" masterDocTitle="Carnivorous sponges from the Australian Bathyal and Abyssal zones collected during the RV Investigator 2017 Expedition" masterLastPageNumber="159" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="120" updateTime="1698839471418" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BBF78E7BDDE99F36C3365089E990F723">Carnivorous sponges from the Australian Bathyal and Abyssal zones collected during the RV Investigator 2017 Expedition</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CFC1A54E216CC88ECAD5CF7869B1766C">Ekins, Merrick</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="ACEEC06462E5499CDC4EA49380B464CD">Erpenbeck, Dirk</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="FBB864190A7BDE594CFAD160210BFDB5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1E3322505EEEF66606B2EE6F030AACC5">Hooper, John N. A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="A748194BBBFFF39BAF16E97927A88D2D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BCE4E5446076FED8E82F87BB918C480C">
<mods:date id="28EBACD6C84DC55FA7ABFC70F5548620">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="48E8424F3DECEE8D4E097114A43FD567" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="6EBD6AB9AEC7EF04A8E458EF92EDB54E">2020-05-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="02EEEA913C3115C499C39263EF0E96FB">4774</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F416692F5DD7FEBE85A09124354761E7">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="99D0EC311ECA1C75790E794F3630C7E9">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="635A934B33699B16FCC2720348F569BD" type="CLB-Dataset">22182</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="17BBDF9F9678F50F831F9A2333C64357" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4774.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6C3F73E14FE49C978799B2AF07854DDE" type="GBIF-Dataset">269cf599-428d-464d-8f21-994d69110c5c</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8D33B4B3CE680EF4E8B148F4B099B552" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="805C330E6EEA7F0FB2C7623ED11AE29A" type="Zenodo-Dep">3825140</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D287B691393B62FF7EF909FCBAFE6A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3846461" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164131159" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3846461" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BE9789AD-04EA-4A90-8374-2B669796A19E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D287B691393B62FF7EF909FCBAFE6A" lastPageId="122" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<subSubSection id="C361652B91393B6FFF7EF909FCB4F951" box="[151,844,1714,1741]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC436A091393B6FFF7EF909FCB4F951" blockId="119.[151,967,1714,1812]" box="[151,844,1714,1741]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<heading id="D08C81CC91393B6FFF7EF909FCB4F951" bold="true" box="[151,844,1714,1741]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291393B6FFF7EF909FCB4F951" bold="true" box="[151,844,1714,1741]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391393B6FFF7EF909FD1FF950" ID-CoL="86WRZ" authority="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,743,1714,1741]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zygainadentonis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291393B6FFF7EF909FD1FF950" bold="true" box="[151,743,1714,1741]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C991393B6FFD07F909FCB4F951" box="[750,844,1714,1740]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361652B91393B6FFF7EF96DFC3FF889" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC436A091393B6FFF7EF96DFE44F96D" blockId="119.[151,967,1714,1812]" box="[151,444,1749,1776]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<figureCitation id="13402A2591393B6FFF7EF96DFEF6F96D" box="[151,270,1750,1776]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="120.[151,250,1876,1901]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@120.[235,1352,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="120" captionText="FIGURE 24. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis sp. nov., holotype QM G337557. A. Larger unguiferate anchorate isochelae with long sharp alae and an uneven number of alae on the upper and lower ‘jaws’. B. Smaller tridentate unguiferate anchorate isochelae. C. Sigmancistra. D. Larger mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Subtylostyle. G. Magnified ends of the subtylostyle illustrated in F. H. Thin styles. I. Magnified ends of the style illustrated in H. J. Fixed holotype QM G337557." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825192/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Figures 24</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="13402A2591393B6FFEDBF96EFEA8F96D" box="[306,336,1749,1776]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="121.[151,250,1162,1187]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1136]" captionTargetId="figure@121.[151,1436,181,1136]" captionTargetPageId="121" captionText="FIGURE 25. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis sp. nov. A. Stem of the holotype showing the filaments branching at right angles. B. Close up of the branching of the filament off the stem, showing all three large spicules in the endosome and the chelae in the ectosome. C. Filament exterior with chelae in the ectosome. D. Filament endosome exposed showing the subtylostyles longitudinally arranged, below the chelae encrusting ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825194/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">25</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6F9031B91393B6FFEB2F96DFE44F96D" box="[347,444,1750,1776]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="91.[151,244,462,489]" captionTargetBox="[162,2046,540,1617]" captionText="TABLE 10. Comparative morphological and distributional data for all known species of Chondrocladia." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF04662891153B43FF7EFE75FAD4FE74" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" tableUuid="DF04662891153B43FF7EFE75FAD4FE74">Table 10</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A091393B6FFF7EF941FC3FF889" blockId="119.[151,967,1714,1812]" box="[151,967,1786,1812]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<uri id="FFEA3AA291393B6FFF7EF941FC3FF889" box="[151,967,1786,1812]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFDD0C7591393B6FFE4FF941FC3FF889" box="[422,967,1786,1812]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">BE9789AD-04EA-4A90-8374-2B669796A19E</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361652B91393B6FFF7EF8FAFC9CF839" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC436A091393B6FFF7EF8FAFC9CF839" blockId="119.[151,1436,1857,1956]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291393B6FFF7EF8FAFE83F8C1" bold="true" box="[151,379,1857,1884]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B133CFD91393B6FFE65F8F9FC9CF839" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2617493307" collectingDate="2017-06-13" collectionCode="QM, RV" collectorName="Beam Trawl &amp; Coll. Merrick Ekins &amp; Sample" country="Australia" county="Station" elevation="1761" latitude="-23.659" location="Gladstone" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="154.6438" municipality="Coral Sea" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" specimenCode="G337557, V03" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queensland" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54C0880291393B6FFE65F8F9FE01F8C1" box="[396,505,1858,1884]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE6591393B6FFDEDF8F9FDC9F8C1" box="[516,561,1858,1884]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBDD9EDB91393B6FFDD3F8FAFD5DF8C1" box="[570,677,1857,1884]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="Museum">G337557</specimenCode>
, off
<location id="8EA4607B91393B6FFD32F8F9FCB7F8C1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287B691393B62FF7EF909FCBAFE6A:8EA4607B91393B6FFD32F8F9FCB7F8C1" box="[731,847,1858,1884]" country="Australia" county="Station" latitude="-23.659" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="154.6438" municipality="Coral Sea" name="Gladstone" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" stateProvince="Queensland">Gladstone</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA0ACDA91393B6FFCB5F8F9FC36F8C1" box="[860,974,1858,1884]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Coral Sea</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49BFF84291393B6FFC32F8F9FB9AF8C1" box="[987,1122,1858,1884]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Queensland</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36C763091393B6FFB84F8F9FB2FF8C1" box="[1133,1239,1858,1884]" name="Australia" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCounty id="62A54E2C91393B6FFB0AF8F9FACAF8C1" box="[1251,1330,1858,1884]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Station</collectingCounty>
128, 23° 37’ 52.3”–
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F506791393B6FFEE7F8DEFE4FF81D" box="[270,439,1893,1920]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" precision="1" seconds="32.4" value="-23.659">23° 39’ 32.4” S</geoCoordinate>
, 154° 39’ 34.9”–
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F506791393B6FFD9CF8DEFCD6F81D" box="[629,814,1893,1920]" degrees="154" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" precision="1" seconds="37.7" value="154.6438">154° 38’ 37.7” E</geoCoordinate>
, 1770–
<quantity id="4C839B4591393B6FFC68F8DDFC2DF81D" box="[897,981,1894,1920]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.761" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" unit="m" value="1761.0">
<elevation id="0056D19391393B6FFC68F8DDFC2DF81D" box="[897,981,1894,1920]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.761" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" unit="m" value="1761.0">1761 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectorName id="268E537691393B6FFC09F8DDFB94F81D" box="[992,1132,1894,1920]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Beam Trawl</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="268E537691393B6FFB9FF8DDFAABF81D" box="[1142,1363,1894,1920]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Coll. Merrick Ekins</collectorName>
on
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE6591393B6FFA92F8DCFA64F81D" box="[1403,1436,1895,1920]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291393B6FFA92F8DCFA64F81D" box="[1403,1436,1895,1920]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">RV</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391393B6FFF7EF830FE8DF839" authority=", Cruise" authorityName="Cruise" box="[151,373,1930,1956]" family="Nemichthyidae" genus="Investigator" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291393B6FFF7EF830FEE6F839" box="[151,286,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Investigator</emphasis>
, Cruise
</taxonomicName>
IN2017_
<specimenCode id="DBDD9EDB91393B6FFE0DF831FDEBF839" box="[484,531,1930,1956]" collectionCode="V" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="Museum">V03</specimenCode>
,
<collectorName id="268E537691393B6FFDF7F831FD8AF839" box="[542,626,1930,1956]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Sample</collectorName>
128-111,
<date id="FFC5106091393B6FFD0AF831FCA7F839" box="[739,863,1930,1956]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" value="2017-06-13">
<collectingDate id="EF81E98891393B6FFD0AF831FCA7F839" box="[739,863,1930,1956]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" value="2017-06-13">13/vi/2017</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF04662891363B60FF7EF8EFFDE2F860" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825192" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3825192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825192/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" startId="120.[151,250,1876,1901]" targetBox="[235,1352,181,1851]" targetPageId="120">
<paragraph id="8BC436A091363B60FF7EF8EFFDE2F860" blockId="120.[151,1437,1876,2045]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291363B60FF7EF8EFFEDBF8F0" bold="true" box="[151,291,1876,1901]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">FIGURE 24.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391363B60FEC5F8EEFCDDF8F0" authority="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[300,805,1877,1901]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zygainadentonis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291363B60FEC5F8EEFCDDF8F0" box="[300,805,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291363B60FCC7F8EEFC79F8F0" bold="true" box="[814,897,1877,1901]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C991363B60FCC7F8EEFC79F8F0" box="[814,897,1877,1901]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype QM G337557. A. Larger unguiferate anchorate isochelae with long sharp alae and an uneven number of alae on the upper and lower ‘jaws’. B. Smaller tridentate unguiferate anchorate isochelae. C. Sigmancistra. D. Larger mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Subtylostyle. G. Magnified ends of the subtylostyle illustrated in F. H. Thin styles. I. Magnified ends of the style illustrated in H. J. Fixed holotype QM G337557.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF04662891373B61FF7EFB31FC5BFA93" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825194" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3825194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825194/files/figure.png" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" startId="121.[151,250,1162,1187]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1136]" targetPageId="121">
<paragraph id="8BC436A091373B61FF7EFB31FC5BFA93" blockId="121.[151,1436,1162,1295]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291373B61FF7EFB31FEE7FB3E" bold="true" box="[151,287,1162,1187]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">FIGURE 25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391373B61FECCFB30FCE0FB3E" authority="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[293,792,1163,1187]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zygainadentonis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291373B61FECCFB30FCE0FB3E" box="[293,792,1163,1187]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291373B61FCF4FB30FC95FB3E" bold="true" box="[797,877,1163,1187]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C991373B61FCF4FB30FC95FB3E" box="[797,877,1163,1187]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A. Stem of the holotype showing the filaments branching at right angles. B. Close up of the branching of the filament off the stem, showing all three large spicules in the endosome and the chelae in the ectosome. C. Filament exterior with chelae in the ectosome. D. Filament endosome exposed showing the subtylostyles longitudinally arranged, below the chelae encrusting ectosome.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C361652B91373B61FF2EFA86FC42FACA" box="[199,954,1341,1368]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC436A091373B61FF2EFA86FC42FACA" blockId="121.[151,1437,1341,2016]" box="[199,954,1341,1368]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291373B61FF2EFA86FEAAFACA" bold="true" box="[199,338,1341,1367]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Etymology:</emphasis>
Gr.
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291373B61FE6AFA85FE22FACA" box="[387,474,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">zygaina</emphasis>
, f. a kind of shark; L.
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291373B61FD3DFA86FCC3FACA" box="[724,827,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">dentionis</emphasis>
, f. teething
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361652B91373B61FF2EFADBFEAAFA02" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC436A091373B61FF2EFADBFEAAFA02" blockId="121.[151,1437,1341,2016]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291373B61FF2EFADBFEA1FAE6" bold="true" box="[199,345,1376,1403]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Distribution</emphasis>
: This species is presently known only from the Coral Sea, off the Northeast coast of
<collectingRegion id="49BFF84291373B61FAF8FADAFA60FAE6" box="[1297,1432,1377,1403]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Queensland</collectingRegion>
, at bathyal depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361652B91373B62FF2EFA13FB08FE82" lastPageId="122" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC436A091373B61FF2EFA13FEA3FA5E" blockId="121.[151,1437,1341,2016]" box="[199,347,1448,1475]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291373B61FF2EFA13FEA3FA5E" bold="true" box="[199,347,1448,1475]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Description:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A091373B61FF2EFA76FB32F9B2" blockId="121.[151,1437,1341,2016]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291373B61FF2EFA76FEA2FA7A" box="[199,346,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Growth form</emphasis>
: An erect delicate single-axis arbuscular sponge resembling a ‘Bottlebrush’ consisting of a cylindrical stem with four columns of filaments (
<figureCitation id="13402A2591373B61FD40FA4AFCD6F991" box="[681,814,1521,1548]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="120.[151,250,1876,1901]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@120.[235,1352,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="120" captionText="FIGURE 24. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis sp. nov., holotype QM G337557. A. Larger unguiferate anchorate isochelae with long sharp alae and an uneven number of alae on the upper and lower ‘jaws’. B. Smaller tridentate unguiferate anchorate isochelae. C. Sigmancistra. D. Larger mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Subtylostyle. G. Magnified ends of the subtylostyle illustrated in F. H. Thin styles. I. Magnified ends of the style illustrated in H. J. Fixed holotype QM G337557." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825192/files/figure.png" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Figure 24 J</figureCitation>
). The stem is
<quantity id="4C839B4591373B61FC39FA4AFBD8F991" box="[976,1056,1521,1548]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
long and only
<quantity id="4C839B4591373B61FB25FA4BFADCF991" box="[1228,1316,1520,1548]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
wide. The filaments are up to
<quantity id="4C839B4591373B61FE86F9AFFE3DF9AD" box="[367,453,1556,1584]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long and less than
<quantity id="4C839B4591373B61FD75F9AEFD0BF9AD" box="[668,755,1557,1584]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 µm</quantity>
wide. No basal attachment was collected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A091373B61FF2EF982FE18F9CE" blockId="121.[151,1437,1341,2016]" box="[199,480,1593,1620]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291373B61FF2EF982FEEEF9CE" box="[199,278,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Colour</emphasis>
: Ivory in ethanol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A091373B61FF2EF9E6FEA1F906" blockId="121.[151,1437,1341,2016]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291373B61FF2EF9E6FE59F9EA" box="[199,417,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Ectosomal skeleton</emphasis>
: The ectosomal skeleton consists of a thin membrane containing chelae and sigmancistras (
<figureCitation id="13402A2591373B61FF76F93AFEF5F906" box="[159,269,1664,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="121.[151,250,1162,1187]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1136]" captionTargetId="figure@121.[151,1436,181,1136]" captionTargetPageId="121" captionText="FIGURE 25. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis sp. nov. A. Stem of the holotype showing the filaments branching at right angles. B. Close up of the branching of the filament off the stem, showing all three large spicules in the endosome and the chelae in the ectosome. C. Filament exterior with chelae in the ectosome. D. Filament endosome exposed showing the subtylostyles longitudinally arranged, below the chelae encrusting ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825194/files/figure.png" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Figure 25</figureCitation>
A–D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A091373B61FF2EF91EFA8DF895" blockId="121.[151,1437,1341,2016]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291373B61FF2EF91EFE5FF922" box="[199,423,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Endosomal skeleton</emphasis>
: The endosomal skeleton consists of bundles of mycalostyles longitudinally arranged in the axis of the stem. The stem also contains the subtylostyles and rare thin styles (
<figureCitation id="13402A2591373B61FC1EF972FB9CF97E" box="[1015,1124,1736,1763]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="121.[151,250,1162,1187]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1136]" captionTargetId="figure@121.[151,1436,181,1136]" captionTargetPageId="121" captionText="FIGURE 25. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis sp. nov. A. Stem of the holotype showing the filaments branching at right angles. B. Close up of the branching of the filament off the stem, showing all three large spicules in the endosome and the chelae in the ectosome. C. Filament exterior with chelae in the ectosome. D. Filament endosome exposed showing the subtylostyles longitudinally arranged, below the chelae encrusting ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825194/files/figure.png" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Figure 25</figureCitation>
A–B).The filaments consist of longitudinally arranged subtylostyles, with radial arrangement for support against the stem (
<figureCitation id="13402A2591373B61FB52F956FA91F895" box="[1211,1385,1772,1800]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="121.[151,250,1162,1187]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1136]" captionTargetId="figure@121.[151,1436,181,1136]" captionTargetPageId="121" captionText="FIGURE 25. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis sp. nov. A. Stem of the holotype showing the filaments branching at right angles. B. Close up of the branching of the filament off the stem, showing all three large spicules in the endosome and the chelae in the ectosome. C. Filament exterior with chelae in the ectosome. D. Filament endosome exposed showing the subtylostyles longitudinally arranged, below the chelae encrusting ectosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825194/files/figure.png" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Figure 25 B, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A091373B61FF2EF8AAFDD1F805" blockId="121.[151,1437,1341,2016]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291373B61FF2EF8AAFEA5F8B6" box="[199,349,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Megascleres:</emphasis>
Larger mycalostyles with tapering ends and a blunt point (1030-(1261)-
<date id="FFC5106091373B61FB62F8AAFB24F8B1" box="[1163,1244,1809,1836]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" value="1440-10">1440 x</date>
18.0-(23.9)-
<quantity id="4C839B4591373B61FA80F8AAFF47F8CD" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.47" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="34.7">34.7 µm</quantity>
, n=54) (
<figureCitation id="13402A2591373B61FEC9F88EFE68F8D2" box="[288,400,1845,1871]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="120.[151,250,1876,1901]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@120.[235,1352,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="120" captionText="FIGURE 24. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis sp. nov., holotype QM G337557. A. Larger unguiferate anchorate isochelae with long sharp alae and an uneven number of alae on the upper and lower ‘jaws’. B. Smaller tridentate unguiferate anchorate isochelae. C. Sigmancistra. D. Larger mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Subtylostyle. G. Magnified ends of the subtylostyle illustrated in F. H. Thin styles. I. Magnified ends of the style illustrated in H. J. Fixed holotype QM G337557." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825192/files/figure.png" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Figure 24</figureCitation>
D–E). Subtylostyles with slightly swollen bases and tapering points (502-(594)-652 x 8.3- (12.5)-
<quantity id="4C839B4591373B61FF0BF8E3FEBEF8E9" box="[226,326,1880,1908]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="15.6">15.6 µm</quantity>
, n=55) (
<figureCitation id="13402A2591373B61FE4FF8E2FDEEF8EE" box="[422,534,1881,1907]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="120.[151,250,1876,1901]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@120.[235,1352,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="120" captionText="FIGURE 24. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis sp. nov., holotype QM G337557. A. Larger unguiferate anchorate isochelae with long sharp alae and an uneven number of alae on the upper and lower ‘jaws’. B. Smaller tridentate unguiferate anchorate isochelae. C. Sigmancistra. D. Larger mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Subtylostyle. G. Magnified ends of the subtylostyle illustrated in F. H. Thin styles. I. Magnified ends of the style illustrated in H. J. Fixed holotype QM G337557." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825192/files/figure.png" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Figure 24</figureCitation>
F–G). Rare very thin styles that only occur in the stem (204-(473)-
<date id="FFC5106091373B61FAFEF8E2FA9FF8E9" box="[1303,1383,1881,1908]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" value="1160-10">1160 x</date>
2.4- (3.8)-6.0 µm, n=5) (
<figureCitation id="13402A2591373B61FE91F8C6FE1EF80A" box="[376,486,1917,1943]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="120.[151,250,1876,1901]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@120.[235,1352,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="120" captionText="FIGURE 24. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis sp. nov., holotype QM G337557. A. Larger unguiferate anchorate isochelae with long sharp alae and an uneven number of alae on the upper and lower ‘jaws’. B. Smaller tridentate unguiferate anchorate isochelae. C. Sigmancistra. D. Larger mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Subtylostyle. G. Magnified ends of the subtylostyle illustrated in F. H. Thin styles. I. Magnified ends of the style illustrated in H. J. Fixed holotype QM G337557." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825192/files/figure.png" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Figure 24</figureCitation>
H–I).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A091373B62FF2EF81AFECFFF66" blockId="121.[151,1437,1341,2016]" lastBlockId="122.[151,1436,152,503]" lastPageId="122" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291373B61FF2EF81AFEAFF826" box="[199,343,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Microscleres</emphasis>
: Uncommon large unguiferate anchorate chelae usually with unequal number of alae on opposing ends, with long sharp alae ranging in number from 2 to 6 per end (44.7-(7.9)-73.3 x 4.3-(6.3)-
<quantity id="4C839B4591373B61FB4BF87EFB0DF87D" box="[1186,1269,1989,2016]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="8.6">8.6 µm</quantity>
, n=53) (
<figureCitation id="13402A2591373B62FAB8F87EFF2AFF2E" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="120.[151,250,1876,1901]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@120.[235,1352,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="120" captionText="FIGURE 24. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis sp. nov., holotype QM G337557. A. Larger unguiferate anchorate isochelae with long sharp alae and an uneven number of alae on the upper and lower ‘jaws’. B. Smaller tridentate unguiferate anchorate isochelae. C. Sigmancistra. D. Larger mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Subtylostyle. G. Magnified ends of the subtylostyle illustrated in F. H. Thin styles. I. Magnified ends of the style illustrated in H. J. Fixed holotype QM G337557." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825192/files/figure.png" lastPageId="122" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Figure 24 A</figureCitation>
). More common smaller tridentate unguiferate isochelae with equal sized alae (25.9-(34.5)-39.0 x 2.7-(3.4)-
<quantity id="4C839B4591343B62FF7EFF06FF11FF4A" box="[151,233,189,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 µm</quantity>
, n=61) (
<figureCitation id="13402A2591343B62FEACFF06FE36FF4A" box="[325,462,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="120.[151,250,1876,1901]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@120.[235,1352,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="120" captionText="FIGURE 24. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis sp. nov., holotype QM G337557. A. Larger unguiferate anchorate isochelae with long sharp alae and an uneven number of alae on the upper and lower ‘jaws’. B. Smaller tridentate unguiferate anchorate isochelae. C. Sigmancistra. D. Larger mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Subtylostyle. G. Magnified ends of the subtylostyle illustrated in F. H. Thin styles. I. Magnified ends of the style illustrated in H. J. Fixed holotype QM G337557." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825192/files/figure.png" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Figure 24 B</figureCitation>
). Rare sigmancistras with almost 90
<superScript id="7C0E9BE891343B62FC88FF07FC91FF57" attach="left" box="[865,873,188,202]" fontSize="6" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">o</superScript>
torsion (24.8-(27.7)-29.2 x 1.5-(2.1)-2.8 μm, n=9) (
<figureCitation id="13402A2591343B62FF76FF5AFED2FF66" box="[159,298,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="120.[151,250,1876,1901]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@120.[235,1352,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="120" captionText="FIGURE 24. Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) zygainadentonis sp. nov., holotype QM G337557. A. Larger unguiferate anchorate isochelae with long sharp alae and an uneven number of alae on the upper and lower ‘jaws’. B. Smaller tridentate unguiferate anchorate isochelae. C. Sigmancistra. D. Larger mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Subtylostyle. G. Magnified ends of the subtylostyle illustrated in F. H. Thin styles. I. Magnified ends of the style illustrated in H. J. Fixed holotype QM G337557." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825192/files/figure.png" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Figure 24 C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A091343B62FF2EFEBEFB08FE82" blockId="122.[151,1436,152,503]" box="[199,1264,261,287]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291343B62FF2EFEBEFE7FFE82" bold="true" box="[199,391,261,287]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Molecular data:</emphasis>
It was not possible to get unambiguous molecular data from the
<typeStatus id="54C0880291343B62FBB4FEBEFB75FE82" box="[1117,1165,261,287]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">type</typeStatus>
material
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361652B91343B62FF2EFE92FCBAFE6A" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC436A091343B62FF2EFE92FCBAFE6A" blockId="122.[151,1436,152,503]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291343B62FF2EFE92FEC5FEDE" bold="true" box="[199,317,297,323]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Remarks:</emphasis>
This new species is unusual amongst
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391343B62FD01FE92FBAAFEDE" authority="(Chondrocladia)" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1873" baseAuthorityName="Chondrocladia" box="[744,1106,297,323]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291343B62FD01FE92FBAAFEDE" box="[744,1106,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having an arbuscular morphology resembling the flower of the ‘Bottlebrush’ plant (
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391343B62FCD6FEF6FC06FEFA" box="[831,1022,333,359]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Callistemon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="122" pageNumber="117" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="spp">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291343B62FCD6FEF6FC3EFEFA" box="[831,966,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Callistemon</emphasis>
spp
</taxonomicName>
.), and the long sharp-toothed larger chelae having an asymmetrical numbers of alae on each end. Only two other species appear to have spicules resembling these large-toothed chelae:
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391343B62FDE3FE2EFC6FFE32" authority="Cristobo et al., 2005" authorityName="Cristobo" authorityYear="2005" box="[522,919,404,431]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="levii" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291343B62FDE3FE2EFD52FE32" box="[522,682,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Ch. (Ch.) levii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191343B62FD58FE2EFC6FFE32" author="Cristobo" box="[689,919,404,431]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cristobo" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="203 - 213" refId="ref72536" refString="Cristobo, F. J., Urgorri, V. &amp; Rios, P. (2005) Three new species of carnivorous deep-sea sponges from the DIVA- 1 expedition in the Angola Basin (South Atlantic). Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution, 5, 203 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ode. 2004.11.004" type="journal article" year="2005">
Cristobo
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291343B62FCF0FE2DFCA9FE32" box="[793,849,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
, 2005
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391343B62FC24FE2EFAB6FE32" authority="Topsent, 1904" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1904" box="[973,1358,405,431]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="guiteli" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291343B62FC24FE2EFBCEFE32" box="[973,1078,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Ch. (Ch.)</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291343B62FB88FE2EFB51FE32" box="[1121,1193,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">guiteli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191343B62FB46FE2EFAB6FE32" author="Topsent" box="[1199,1358,405,431]" firstAuthor="Topsent" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="1 - 280" refId="ref76692" refString="Topsent, E. (1904) Spongiaires des Acores. Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 25, 1 - 280, pls. 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61852" type="journal article" year="1904">Topsent, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291343B62FAB7FE2DFA64FE32" box="[1374,1436,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191343B62FF7EFE02FE87FE4E" author="Cristobo" box="[151,383,440,467]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cristobo" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="203 - 213" refId="ref72536" refString="Cristobo, F. J., Urgorri, V. &amp; Rios, P. (2005) Three new species of carnivorous deep-sea sponges from the DIVA- 1 expedition in the Angola Basin (South Atlantic). Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution, 5, 203 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ode. 2004.11.004" type="journal article" year="2005">
Cristobo
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291343B62FEE9FE01FEC2FE4E" box="[256,314,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
). However, both of these abyssal Atlantic species have very different gross morphologies, as well as spicule categories and spicule dimensions (
<tableCitation id="C6F9031B91343B62FD26FE66FCCDFE6A" box="[719,821,477,503]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="91.[151,244,462,489]" captionTargetBox="[162,2046,540,1617]" captionText="TABLE 10. Comparative morphological and distributional data for all known species of Chondrocladia." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF04662891153B43FF7EFE75FAD4FE74" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" tableUuid="DF04662891153B43FF7EFE75FAD4FE74">Table 10</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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