605 lines
91 KiB
XML
605 lines
91 KiB
XML
<document id="B9DFAC72F713828BC382F59F2FC77773" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3628.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261270" ID-ZooBank="37D2D7F2-FA0C-40E9-B6D0-9C74EBB6C7F0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629845627142" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Reiswig, Henry M. & Stone, Robert P." docDate="2013" docId="03D287B2FF9E36039AD7FE082D27FD7F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03628p064.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3628 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3628.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis Reiswig & Stone 2013, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="FFEBFFCAFFB836299A40FF842E67FFFC" masterDocTitle="<strong> New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska </ strong>" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1699120432012" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="86D1EA402131B7E29CBFCF38E9E11730" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="1F20216129FB452D68230D718A13B7E4">
|
||
<mods:title id="7F63491AB92F1A3743D9039F7EB7EC3F"><strong> New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska </ strong></mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="28234768EC2A6556EAA116DD902C4AFE" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="BBEA83C5E29593C59F38D328642A55A6">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C90DAF141EB9B5385BB3559D27C999AA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="166867346AD3A20886A258798D27CE61">Reiswig, Henry M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A9A1EB0705FB1B8503475FBD2EEECE8B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="44BF29E1D485BE422D2DBF9EB935B048">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="481317AA30EF066C32D47819EC6AEAC0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="BCC95532C3B3D67E4E6A2B58AC576CEB">Stone, Robert P.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="CBA2EA7B799AE8E58E9CC6BFD25EC523">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="0AA506F8497055613D08D0D16784FD7B" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="DBD47A05FB27DB3F72E6B0383FE69D0D">
|
||
<mods:title id="8E2DDC1A8BCAF1B417DFAAB5AEB352AA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="11762F7A1AE0B7EE5A2ECCB12EC829A4">
|
||
<mods:date id="D4B315608709BEB5AA8264B4697ACD9F">2013</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="D63F92F000FD4D9F6943400BFA424EA5" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="03DDC764E5463634BE2E6059AB430ADF">2013-03-18</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="C83BE3451E437F93865F73CFABE9DFB7" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="0AC926A5295C3567E047F45970148844">3628</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="F5D6AAA59B7A6D3CA02E74027B951B40" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="8E5240C0AA1E258DE32F47395AE8EEF3">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="87ABC0AFCFB3FA1909CD6FE46F6EC5C0" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="C59BB3CB1AF0C94E9EA4665602A30A58">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="ACFA6B4B1A6A4EE110BB1F8D49000EAC">64</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="BBBF34D59EAC67E2B48B7A5F9A92B526">
|
||
<mods:url id="DFDF8F18BE722CE531BE0F702C6CA7D1">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3628.1.1</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="ABBCF68CA1DC4EFD5F2E3A210386455B">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D633207F9ABC2CC191BB12C3AEA9B83A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3628.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6B974102F94AE47C8DEEFCC8927D4046" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B4234673DDEE414C9F875DC737D99399" type="Zenodo-Dep">5261270</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1BA6CB9E01E2C0D8D56D0C7619E55F92" type="ZooBank">37D2D7F2-FA0C-40E9-B6D0-9C74EBB6C7F0</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03D287B2FF9E36039AD7FE082D27FD7F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261628" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261628" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287B2FF9E36039AD7FE082D27FD7F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D287B2FF9E36039AD7FE082D27FD7F" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C361652FFF9E360F9AD7FE082CDFFE59" box="[151,696,395,422]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF9E360F9AD7FE082CDFFE59" blockId="38.[151,696,395,454]" box="[151,696,395,422]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<heading id="D08C81C8FF9E360F9AD7FE082CDFFE59" bold="true" box="[151,696,395,422]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9E360F9AD7FE082CDFFE59" bold="true" box="[151,696,395,422]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF9E360F9AD7FE082C08FE5A" ID-CoL="5XF8C" authority="Reiswig & Stone, 2013" authorityName="Reiswig & Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,623,396,422]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Caulophacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="adakensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Caulophacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9E360F9AD7FE082C08FE5A" bold="true" box="[151,623,396,422]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57CDFF9E360F9836FE0F2CDFFE59" box="[630,696,395,421]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C361652FFF9E36039AD7FE2A2D27FD7F" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF9E360F9AD7FE2A2FD4FE3A" blockId="38.[151,696,395,454]" box="[151,435,430,454]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9E360F9ADFFE2A2E9CFE3A" box="[159,251,430,454]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1651,1674]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,194,1630]" captionTargetId="figure-194@40.[166,1421,194,1630]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 19. Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., body, surfaces and spicule network. A. An in situ image of the collected holotype. B. Two sides of the holotype (larger) and the dead stalk. C. Close-up of the lower (dermal) surface showing loose spicule lattice over inhalant canal aperture. D. Close-up of the upper (atrial) surface with larger mesh lattice over larger exhalant canal aperture. E. Cut end of stalk 15 cm below body with two large and one small longitudinal canals. F. Smooth margin between dermal and atrial surfaces. G. Main loose skeleton network of diactin bundles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261308/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
&
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9E360F9B5EFE2A2F5BFE3A" box="[286,316,430,454]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1552,1575]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-229@41.[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 20. Spicules of Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Hypodermal pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B. Hypoatrial pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B1. Center of hypoatrial pentactin showing proximal spines. C. Two parenchymal macrohexactins with enlarged ray end. C1. Center of hypoatrial macrohexactin showing proximal spines. D. Dermal pinular hexactins, variation in form, and enlarged tangential ray end (* denotes most common form). E. Atrial pinular hexactins (* denotes most common form); all pinular hexactins to same scale. F. Diactin, whole and enlarged end and middle segments of thin and thick forms. G. Microsclere terminal ray end discs, end and side views. H. Discohexactin. I. Hemidiscohexaster. J. Discohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261310/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">20</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F9031FFF9E360F9B08FE2A2FCDFE3A" box="[328,426,430,454]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="39.[151,239,327,351]" captionText="TABLE 10. Spicule dimensions of Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis, n. sp., USNM# 1196557, from Aleutian Islands, Alaska (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated)." pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Table 10</tableCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF9E360F9AD7FE722D0DFDF0" blockId="38.[151,874,502,525]" box="[151,874,502,525]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Synonymy.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF9E360F9B4FFE732C56FDF1" authority="(Caulophacus)" box="[271,561,503,525]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Caulophacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Caulophacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9E360F9B4FFE732C56FDF1" box="[271,561,503,525]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Caulophacus (Caulophacus)</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FF9E360F98CCFE722D01FDF0" author="Stone, R. P. & Lehnert, H. & Reiswig, H. M." box="[652,870,502,525]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref37879" refString="Stone, R. P., Lehnert, H. & Reiswig, H. M. (2011) A guide to the deep-water sponges of the Aleutian Island Archipelago. NOAA Professional Paper NMFS, 12, 1 - 187." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Stone
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9E360F988CFE732D63FDF1" box="[716,772,503,525]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2011: 35
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF9E360F9AD7FDBD2FFAFD65" blockId="38.[151,1436,569,2034]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B133CF9FF9E360F9AD7FDBD2FFAFD65" collectingDate="2004-08-01" collectionCode="RV" county="Jason" elevation="1806" latitude="51.525517" location="Adak Canyon" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-177.09029" municipality="Roger Revelle'" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCode="USNM# 1196557" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alaska" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
Material examined.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C08806FF9E360F9B3AFDBD2F81FDAD" box="[378,486,569,593]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBDD9EDFFF9E360F9BB1FDBD2CDBFDAD" box="[497,700,569,593]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">USNM# 1196557</specimenCode>
|
||
, ROV '
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62A54E28FF9E360F994EFDBD2D28FDAD" box="[782,847,569,593]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Jason</collectingCounty>
|
||
II' from
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE61FF9E360F99F5FDBE2DBEFDAD" box="[949,985,570,593]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">RV</collectionCode>
|
||
'
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA0ACDEFF9E360F99A4FDBD2AF7FDAD" box="[996,1168,569,593]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Roger Revelle'</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, dive J2100,
|
||
<date id="FFC51064FF9E360F9F67FDBD2EB5FD89" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2004-08-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF81E98CFF9E360F9F67FDBD2EB5FD89" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2004-08-01">01 August 2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EA4607FFF9E360F9A9CFDD92F1DFD89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287B2FF9E36039AD7FE082D27FD7F:8EA4607FFF9E360F9A9CFDD92F1DFD89" box="[220,378,605,629]" county="Jason" latitude="51.525517" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-177.09029" municipality="Roger Revelle'" name="Adak Canyon" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Alaska">Adak Canyon</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A762F86FF9E360F9BC4FDD92CC7FD89" box="[388,672,605,629]" location="Cape Yakak" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B41FF9E360F9BC4FDD92FACFD89" box="[388,459,605,629]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="km" value="13.0">13 km</quantity>
|
||
SE of Cape Yakak
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EA4607FFF9E360F98EBFDD92D52FD89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287B2FF9E36039AD7FE082D27FD7F:8EA4607FFF9E360F98EBFDD92D52FD89" box="[683,821,605,629]" county="Jason" latitude="51.525517" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-177.09029" municipality="Roger Revelle'" name="Adak Island" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Alaska">Adak Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EA4607FFF9E360F9900FDD92D9DFD89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287B2FF9E36039AD7FE082D27FD7F:8EA4607FFF9E360F9900FDD92D9DFD89" box="[832,1018,605,629]" county="Jason" latitude="51.525517" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-177.09029" municipality="Roger Revelle'" name="Aleutian Islands" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Alaska">Aleutian Islands</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BFF846FF9E360F9E45FDD92A32FD89" box="[1029,1109,605,629]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Alaska</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5063FF9E360F9E20FDD92A89FD89" box="[1120,1262,605,629]" degrees="51" direction="north" minutes="31.531" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="1" value="51.525517">51º31.531'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5063FF9E360F9EB9FDD92BFFFD89" box="[1273,1432,605,629]" degrees="177" direction="west" minutes="05.417" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="1" value="-177.09029">177º05.417'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B41FF9E360F9AD7FD052E89FD65" box="[151,238,641,665]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8059999999999998" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="1806.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0056D197FF9E360F9AD7FD052E89FD65" box="[151,238,641,665]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8059999999999998" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="1806.0">1806 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, dry & ethanol.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF9E360F9A87FD212C2CFCF9" blockId="38.[151,1436,569,2034]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Other material.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B133CF9FF9E360F9B38FD212C20FCF9" collectingDate="2004-07-28" collectionCode="RV" county="Roger Revelle'" elevation="2180" latitude="52.392834" location="Aleutian Islands" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-174.88461" municipality="North Aleutian Slope" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alaska">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF9E360F9B38FD212CA0FD41" authority=", USNM" authorityName="USNM" box="[376,711,677,701]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Caulophacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="adakensis" subGenus="Caulophacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9E360F9B38FD212FA2FD41" box="[376,453,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">C. (C.)</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9E360F9BB9FD212C09FD41" box="[505,622,677,701]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">adakensis,</emphasis>
|
||
USNM
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
# 1196558, ROV 'Jason II' from
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE61FF9E360F9E75FD222A3EFD41" box="[1077,1113,678,701]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">RV</collectionCode>
|
||
'
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62A54E28FF9E360F9E24FD212B68FD41" box="[1124,1295,677,701]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Roger Revelle'</collectingCounty>
|
||
, dive J2096,
|
||
<date id="FFC51064FF9E360F9AD7FD4D2F56FD1D" box="[151,305,713,737]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2004-07-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF81E98CFF9E360F9AD7FD4D2F56FD1D" box="[151,305,713,737]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2004-07-28">28 Jul 2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA0ACDEFF9E360F9B06FD4D2C2BFD1D" box="[326,588,713,737]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">North Aleutian Slope</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A762F86FF9E360F9822FD4D2DD2FD1D" box="[610,949,713,737]" location="Atka Island" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B41FF9E360F9822FD4D2CA0FD1D" box="[610,711,713,737]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.28" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="km" value="32.8">32.8 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Atka Island
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EA4607FFF9E360F998BFD4D2AE9FD1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287B2FF9E36039AD7FE082D27FD7F:8EA4607FFF9E360F998BFD4D2AE9FD1D" box="[971,1166,713,737]" county="Roger Revelle'" latitude="52.392834" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-174.88461" municipality="North Aleutian Slope" name="Aleutian Islands" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Alaska">Aleutian Islands</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BFF846FF9E360F9EE4FD4D2A92FD1D" box="[1188,1269,713,737]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Alaska</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5063FF9E360F9F4AFD4D2BFFFD1D" box="[1290,1432,713,737]" degrees="52" direction="north" minutes="23.570" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="1" value="52.392834">52º23.570'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5063FF9E360F9AD7FD692F51FCF9" box="[151,310,749,773]" degrees="174" direction="west" minutes="53.077" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="1" value="-174.88461">174º53.077'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B41FF9E360F9B01FD692FFFFCF9" box="[321,408,749,773]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.18" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="2180.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0056D197FF9E360F9B01FD692FFFFCF9" box="[321,408,749,773]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.18" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="2180.0">2180 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, long dead, dry
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF9E360F9A87FC952D6EFAB9" blockId="38.[151,1436,569,2034]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Description. The truly magnificent
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C08806FF9E360F9814FC952CD1FCD5" box="[596,694,785,809]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9E360F9885FC952D3EFCD5" box="[709,857,785,809]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1651,1674]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,194,1630]" captionTargetId="figure-194@40.[166,1421,194,1630]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 19. Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., body, surfaces and spicule network. A. An in situ image of the collected holotype. B. Two sides of the holotype (larger) and the dead stalk. C. Close-up of the lower (dermal) surface showing loose spicule lattice over inhalant canal aperture. D. Close-up of the upper (atrial) surface with larger mesh lattice over larger exhalant canal aperture. E. Cut end of stalk 15 cm below body with two large and one small longitudinal canals. F. Smooth margin between dermal and atrial surfaces. G. Main loose skeleton network of diactin bundles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261308/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs. 19A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
), an extremely large mushroom-shaped body borne on a long rigid stalk, was collected intact but the stalk was intentionally broken for storage and shipping. Total length of the dried specimen, with body canted unnaturally on stem during drying, is
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B41FF9E360F9E20FCDD2AD8FC8D" box="[1120,1215,857,881]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.03" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="90.3">90.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
; in natural state the length was
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B41FF9E360F9B59FCF92F05FC69" box="[281,354,893,917]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="75.0">75 cm</quantity>
|
||
. The body disc (dry) is 31 x
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B41FF9E360F98EEFCF92C92FC69" box="[686,757,893,917]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B41FF9E360F99B9FCF92A3AFC69" box="[1017,1117,893,917]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="38.5">38.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in thickness. Both lower (= inhalant or dermal) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9E360F9BC2FC252F8FFC45" box="[386,488,929,953]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1651,1674]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,194,1630]" captionTargetId="figure-194@40.[166,1421,194,1630]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 19. Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., body, surfaces and spicule network. A. An in situ image of the collected holotype. B. Two sides of the holotype (larger) and the dead stalk. C. Close-up of the lower (dermal) surface showing loose spicule lattice over inhalant canal aperture. D. Close-up of the upper (atrial) surface with larger mesh lattice over larger exhalant canal aperture. E. Cut end of stalk 15 cm below body with two large and one small longitudinal canals. F. Smooth margin between dermal and atrial surfaces. G. Main loose skeleton network of diactin bundles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261308/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 19C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and upper (= exhalant or atrial) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9E360F992FFC252DB0FC45" box="[879,983,929,953]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1651,1674]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,194,1630]" captionTargetId="figure-194@40.[166,1421,194,1630]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 19. Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., body, surfaces and spicule network. A. An in situ image of the collected holotype. B. Two sides of the holotype (larger) and the dead stalk. C. Close-up of the lower (dermal) surface showing loose spicule lattice over inhalant canal aperture. D. Close-up of the upper (atrial) surface with larger mesh lattice over larger exhalant canal aperture. E. Cut end of stalk 15 cm below body with two large and one small longitudinal canals. F. Smooth margin between dermal and atrial surfaces. G. Main loose skeleton network of diactin bundles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261308/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 19D</figureCitation>
|
||
) surfaces are smooth, lacking prostalia, with loose spicule lattices covering the subsurface canal entrances,
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B41FF9E360F99D8FC412D91FC21" box="[920,1014,965,989]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter in the lower surface and
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B41FF9E360F9AD7FC6D2E92FBFD" box="[151,245,1001,1025]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter in the upper surface, easily visible through the covers. A horizontally extensive subsurface space underlies the covering lattice in the inhalant area, but this is lacking in the exhalant area; there the exhalant canals run directly to the covering lattice without an intervening subsurface cavity. The
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B41FF9E360F9ECEFBB52AB2FBB5" box="[1166,1237,1073,1097]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="68.0">68 cm</quantity>
|
||
long stalk tapers from its insertion on the lower body surface to a diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B41FF9E360F9915FBD12DC4FB91" box="[853,931,1109,1133]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="2.1">2.1 cm</quantity>
|
||
at midpoint and
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B41FF9E360F9E27FBD12AD2FB91" box="[1127,1205,1109,1133]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="1.8">1.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
at its minimum just above the large foliate attachment disc. It is hollow with three longitudinal canals evident at the point of section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9E360F9ADFFB192F65FB49" box="[159,258,1181,1205]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1651,1674]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,194,1630]" captionTargetId="figure-194@40.[166,1421,194,1630]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 19. Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., body, surfaces and spicule network. A. An in situ image of the collected holotype. B. Two sides of the holotype (larger) and the dead stalk. C. Close-up of the lower (dermal) surface showing loose spicule lattice over inhalant canal aperture. D. Close-up of the upper (atrial) surface with larger mesh lattice over larger exhalant canal aperture. E. Cut end of stalk 15 cm below body with two large and one small longitudinal canals. F. Smooth margin between dermal and atrial surfaces. G. Main loose skeleton network of diactin bundles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261308/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 19E</figureCitation>
|
||
) but a single
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B41FF9E360F9BDAFB1A2FBCFB49" box="[410,475,1182,1205]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter canal in the lower stalk. The margin at the junction of inhalant and exhalant surfaces is sharp and lacking obvious large marginal spicules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9E360F9924FB452DAEFB25" box="[868,969,1217,1241]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1651,1674]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,194,1630]" captionTargetId="figure-194@40.[166,1421,194,1630]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 19. Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., body, surfaces and spicule network. A. An in situ image of the collected holotype. B. Two sides of the holotype (larger) and the dead stalk. C. Close-up of the lower (dermal) surface showing loose spicule lattice over inhalant canal aperture. D. Close-up of the upper (atrial) surface with larger mesh lattice over larger exhalant canal aperture. E. Cut end of stalk 15 cm below body with two large and one small longitudinal canals. F. Smooth margin between dermal and atrial surfaces. G. Main loose skeleton network of diactin bundles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261308/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 19F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spicules are entirely loose in the body, dominated by bundles of long diactins oriented in all directions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9E360F993EFB612D8FFB01" box="[894,1000,1253,1277]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1651,1674]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,194,1630]" captionTargetId="figure-194@40.[166,1421,194,1630]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 19. Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., body, surfaces and spicule network. A. An in situ image of the collected holotype. B. Two sides of the holotype (larger) and the dead stalk. C. Close-up of the lower (dermal) surface showing loose spicule lattice over inhalant canal aperture. D. Close-up of the upper (atrial) surface with larger mesh lattice over larger exhalant canal aperture. E. Cut end of stalk 15 cm below body with two large and one small longitudinal canals. F. Smooth margin between dermal and atrial surfaces. G. Main loose skeleton network of diactin bundles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261308/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 19G</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the stalk the main diactins do not occur in bundles but are individually oriented obliquely; they are all fused by spot junctions at contact points and short synapticula between spicules not in direct contact.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF9E360F9A87FAD52C94F9E1" blockId="38.[151,1436,569,2034]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
The second specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9E360F9B88FAD52C4CFA95" box="[456,555,1361,1385]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1651,1674]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,194,1630]" captionTargetId="figure-194@40.[166,1421,194,1630]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 19. Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., body, surfaces and spicule network. A. An in situ image of the collected holotype. B. Two sides of the holotype (larger) and the dead stalk. C. Close-up of the lower (dermal) surface showing loose spicule lattice over inhalant canal aperture. D. Close-up of the upper (atrial) surface with larger mesh lattice over larger exhalant canal aperture. E. Cut end of stalk 15 cm below body with two large and one small longitudinal canals. F. Smooth margin between dermal and atrial surfaces. G. Main loose skeleton network of diactin bundles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261308/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 19B</figureCitation>
|
||
smaller) is a dead, hollow, cylindrical stalk with a foliose basal disc similar to that of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C08806FF9E360F9B4FFAF12F12FA71" box="[271,373,1397,1421]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; it is
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B41FF9E360F9BF0FAF12C6DFA71" box="[432,522,1397,1421]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.54" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="35.4">35.4 cm</quantity>
|
||
long and tapers in diameter from
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B41FF9E360F99C7FAF12DB4FA71" box="[903,979,1397,1421]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="2.8">2.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
at top to
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B41FF9E360F9E7EFAF12AEEFA71" box="[1086,1161,1397,1421]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
at its narrowest point. It contains a single axial canal
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B41FF9E360F9B9EFA1D2C4CFA4D" box="[478,555,1433,1457]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="1.1">1.1 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter at the top. It has been dead for some time and is entirely washed out. Attribution of this specimen to the same taxon as the live spicule-bearing specimen is based upon similarity in size and form of the two stalks, their geographic proximity,
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B41FF9E360F9924FA652DDBFA05" box="[868,956,1505,1529]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="km" value="178.0">178 km</quantity>
|
||
between collection sites, and lack of an alternate appropriate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF9E360F9BC4F9812C17F9E1" box="[388,624,1541,1565]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Caulophacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9E360F9BC4F9812C70F9E1" box="[388,535,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Caulophacus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF9E360E9A87F9AD2AEBFEE0" blockId="38.[151,1436,569,2034]" lastBlockId="39.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Megascleres are hypodermal and hypoatrial pentactins, parenchymal macrohexactins, dermal and atrial pinular hexactins, and parenchymal diactins; all share the same ray end pattern: roughened subterminal area ending in a bare rounded cap (spicule dimensions are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F9031FFF9E360F98A4F9F52D2DF975" box="[740,842,1649,1673]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="39.[151,239,327,351]" captionText="TABLE 10. Spicule dimensions of Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis, n. sp., USNM# 1196557, from Aleutian Islands, Alaska (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated)." pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Table 10</tableCitation>
|
||
). Hypodermal spicules are mainly pentactins (85%,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9E360F9AD7F9112E99F951" box="[151,254,1685,1709]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1552,1575]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-229@41.[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 20. Spicules of Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Hypodermal pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B. Hypoatrial pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B1. Center of hypoatrial pentactin showing proximal spines. C. Two parenchymal macrohexactins with enlarged ray end. C1. Center of hypoatrial macrohexactin showing proximal spines. D. Dermal pinular hexactins, variation in form, and enlarged tangential ray end (* denotes most common form). E. Atrial pinular hexactins (* denotes most common form); all pinular hexactins to same scale. F. Diactin, whole and enlarged end and middle segments of thin and thick forms. G. Microsclere terminal ray end discs, end and side views. H. Discohexactin. I. Hemidiscohexaster. J. Discohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261310/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
|
||
) but some (15%) have one tangential ray undeveloped and are irregular tetractins. The pentactins have strong, tapering rays, usually without proximal spines but 20% of tangential rays and 64% of proximal rays have strong spines adjacent to the spicule center. Ray ends have fine subterminal spined areas but the tips are smooth and rounded. Hypoatrial spicules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9E360F9868F8852CF7F8E5" box="[552,656,1793,1817]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1552,1575]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-229@41.[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 20. Spicules of Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Hypodermal pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B. Hypoatrial pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B1. Center of hypoatrial pentactin showing proximal spines. C. Two parenchymal macrohexactins with enlarged ray end. C1. Center of hypoatrial macrohexactin showing proximal spines. D. Dermal pinular hexactins, variation in form, and enlarged tangential ray end (* denotes most common form). E. Atrial pinular hexactins (* denotes most common form); all pinular hexactins to same scale. F. Diactin, whole and enlarged end and middle segments of thin and thick forms. G. Microsclere terminal ray end discs, end and side views. H. Discohexactin. I. Hemidiscohexaster. J. Discohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261310/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 20B</figureCitation>
|
||
) are all pentactins similar to those of the dermal side, but slightly smaller and thinner. They more commonly have proximal spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9E360F99CFF8A12D9DF8C1" box="[911,1018,1829,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1552,1575]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-229@41.[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 20. Spicules of Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Hypodermal pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B. Hypoatrial pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B1. Center of hypoatrial pentactin showing proximal spines. C. Two parenchymal macrohexactins with enlarged ray end. C1. Center of hypoatrial macrohexactin showing proximal spines. D. Dermal pinular hexactins, variation in form, and enlarged tangential ray end (* denotes most common form). E. Atrial pinular hexactins (* denotes most common form); all pinular hexactins to same scale. F. Diactin, whole and enlarged end and middle segments of thin and thick forms. G. Microsclere terminal ray end discs, end and side views. H. Discohexactin. I. Hemidiscohexaster. J. Discohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261310/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 20B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9E360F99B9F8A12A64F8C1" box="[1017,1027,1829,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1688,1711]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1103,1666]" captionTargetId="figure-537@3.[151,1436,1103,1666]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of the North Pacific Ocean showing locations of previously reported Hexactinellida collections (location numbers refer to species listed in Table 1); this study area is indicated by arrow." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261272/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">1</figureCitation>
|
||
) on 64% of the tangential rays and 80% of the proximal rays. Parenchymal macrohexactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9E360F9964F8CD2DEDF89D" box="[804,906,1865,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1552,1575]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-229@41.[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 20. Spicules of Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Hypodermal pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B. Hypoatrial pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B1. Center of hypoatrial pentactin showing proximal spines. C. Two parenchymal macrohexactins with enlarged ray end. C1. Center of hypoatrial macrohexactin showing proximal spines. D. Dermal pinular hexactins, variation in form, and enlarged tangential ray end (* denotes most common form). E. Atrial pinular hexactins (* denotes most common form); all pinular hexactins to same scale. F. Diactin, whole and enlarged end and middle segments of thin and thick forms. G. Microsclere terminal ray end discs, end and side views. H. Discohexactin. I. Hemidiscohexaster. J. Discohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261310/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 20C</figureCitation>
|
||
) are larger than the surface pentactins, but ray form is similar. Proximal spination occurs on at least one ray in 80% of these but spination on all six rays is uncommon (20%,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9E360F9B30F8152FB9F855" box="[368,478,1937,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1552,1575]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-229@41.[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 20. Spicules of Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Hypodermal pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B. Hypoatrial pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B1. Center of hypoatrial pentactin showing proximal spines. C. Two parenchymal macrohexactins with enlarged ray end. C1. Center of hypoatrial macrohexactin showing proximal spines. D. Dermal pinular hexactins, variation in form, and enlarged tangential ray end (* denotes most common form). E. Atrial pinular hexactins (* denotes most common form); all pinular hexactins to same scale. F. Diactin, whole and enlarged end and middle segments of thin and thick forms. G. Microsclere terminal ray end discs, end and side views. H. Discohexactin. I. Hemidiscohexaster. J. Discohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261310/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 20C</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9E360F9B9EF8152F8FF855" box="[478,488,1937,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1688,1711]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1103,1666]" captionTargetId="figure-537@3.[151,1436,1103,1666]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of the North Pacific Ocean showing locations of previously reported Hexactinellida collections (location numbers refer to species listed in Table 1); this study area is indicated by arrow." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261272/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Parenchymal stauractins occur occasionally. Dermalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9E360F9EC6F8152A94F855" box="[1158,1267,1937,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1552,1575]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-229@41.[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 20. Spicules of Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Hypodermal pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B. Hypoatrial pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B1. Center of hypoatrial pentactin showing proximal spines. C. Two parenchymal macrohexactins with enlarged ray end. C1. Center of hypoatrial macrohexactin showing proximal spines. D. Dermal pinular hexactins, variation in form, and enlarged tangential ray end (* denotes most common form). E. Atrial pinular hexactins (* denotes most common form); all pinular hexactins to same scale. F. Diactin, whole and enlarged end and middle segments of thin and thick forms. G. Microsclere terminal ray end discs, end and side views. H. Discohexactin. I. Hemidiscohexaster. J. Discohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261310/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 20D</figureCitation>
|
||
), atrialia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9E360F9F2EF8152EAFF831" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1552,1575]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-229@41.[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 20. Spicules of Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Hypodermal pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B. Hypoatrial pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B1. Center of hypoatrial pentactin showing proximal spines. C. Two parenchymal macrohexactins with enlarged ray end. C1. Center of hypoatrial macrohexactin showing proximal spines. D. Dermal pinular hexactins, variation in form, and enlarged tangential ray end (* denotes most common form). E. Atrial pinular hexactins (* denotes most common form); all pinular hexactins to same scale. F. Diactin, whole and enlarged end and middle segments of thin and thick forms. G. Microsclere terminal ray end discs, end and side views. H. Discohexactin. I. Hemidiscohexaster. J. Discohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261310/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 20E</figureCitation>
|
||
), and marginalia are similar pinular hexactins with bushy distal rays and vertically spined tangential and basal rays. Great variation of pinular ray form occurs in spicules of both surfaces but the dermal pinular rays are shorter and thicker than those of the atrial side. Pinular spicules are uncommonly pentactine (3%), and most pinular rays have blunt tips that are overgrown by scales—terminal spines occur in only 25% of the pinules. Parenchymal diactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9F360E9B40FF5B2F02FF0B" box="[256,357,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1552,1575]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-229@41.[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 20. Spicules of Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Hypodermal pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B. Hypoatrial pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B1. Center of hypoatrial pentactin showing proximal spines. C. Two parenchymal macrohexactins with enlarged ray end. C1. Center of hypoatrial macrohexactin showing proximal spines. D. Dermal pinular hexactins, variation in form, and enlarged tangential ray end (* denotes most common form). E. Atrial pinular hexactins (* denotes most common form); all pinular hexactins to same scale. F. Diactin, whole and enlarged end and middle segments of thin and thick forms. G. Microsclere terminal ray end discs, end and side views. H. Discohexactin. I. Hemidiscohexaster. J. Discohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261310/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 20F</figureCitation>
|
||
) have inflated roughened ends with a small smooth rounded cap. Thinner spicules have four well-developed central knobs but they are insignificant or undetectable in thicker spicules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF04662CFF9F360E9AD7FEC32D5EFE83" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" startId="39.[151,239,327,351]">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF9F360E9AD7FEC32BFBFEA3" blockId="39.[151,1436,327,383]" box="[151,1436,327,351]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9F360E9AD7FEC32F7CFEA3" bold="true" box="[151,283,327,351]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">TABLE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule dimensions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF9F360E9865FECC2DA8FEA3" authority="Reiswig & Stone, 2013" authorityName="Reiswig & Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[549,975,328,351]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Caulophacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="adakensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Caulophacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9F360E9865FECC2DA8FEA3" box="[549,975,328,351]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57CDFF9F360E99A1FECC2A78FEA3" box="[993,1055,328,351]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, USNM# 1196557, from Aleutian
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF9F360E9AD7FEEC2D5EFE83" blockId="39.[151,1436,327,383]" box="[151,825,360,383]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Islands, Alaska (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated).</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF9F360E9BE3FE252B0AF846" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<table id="F97BC404FF9FC9D69AE5FE242B0AF846" box="[165,1389,416,1978]" colsContinueFrom="36.[165,1354,887,1549]" colsContinueIn="44.[165,1381,240,1142]" gridcols="5" gridrows="36" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FE242B0AFE4A" box="[165,1389,416,438]" gridrow="0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FE242C6FFE4A" box="[165,520,416,438]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">parameter</th>
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FE242DE7FE4A" box="[841,896,416,438]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">mean</th>
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FE242A69FE4A" box="[994,1038,416,438]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">s. d.</th>
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFE242A81FE4A" box="[1146,1254,416,438]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">range</th>
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FE242B0AFE4A" box="[1364,1389,416,438]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">n</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FE482B0AFE1E" box="[165,1389,460,482]" gridrow="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FE482B0AFE1E" box="[165,1389,460,482]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Hypodermal pentactin</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FE7C2B0AFDF2" box="[165,1389,504,526]" gridrow="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FE7C2C6FFDF2" box="[165,520,504,526]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">tangential ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FE7C2DE7FDF2" box="[841,896,504,526]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">577</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FE7C2A69FDF2" box="[994,1038,504,526]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">103</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFE7C2A81FDF2" box="[1146,1254,504,526]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">315–862</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FE7C2B0AFDF2" box="[1364,1389,504,526]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FDA02B0AFDC6" box="[165,1389,548,570]" gridrow="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FDA02C6FFDC6" box="[165,520,548,570]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">tangential ray width</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FDA02DE7FDC6" box="[841,896,548,570]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">29.6</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FDA02A69FDC6" box="[994,1038,548,570]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">4.7</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFDA02A81FDC6" box="[1146,1254,548,570]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">20.8–43.3</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FDA02B0AFDC6" box="[1364,1389,548,570]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FDD42B0AFD9A" box="[165,1389,592,614]" gridrow="4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FDD42C6FFD9A" box="[165,520,592,614]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">proximal ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FDD42DE7FD9A" box="[841,896,592,614]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">647</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FDD42A69FD9A" box="[994,1038,592,614]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">143</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFDD42A81FD9A" box="[1146,1254,592,614]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">312–1,054</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FDD42B0AFD9A" box="[1364,1389,592,614]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FDF82B0AFD6E" box="[165,1389,636,658]" gridrow="5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FDF82C6FFD6E" box="[165,520,636,658]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">proximal ray width</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FDF82DE7FD6E" box="[841,896,636,658]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">32.7</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FDF82A69FD6E" box="[994,1038,636,658]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">5.5</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFDF82A81FD6E" box="[1146,1254,636,658]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">22.2–42.4</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FDF82B0AFD6E" box="[1364,1389,636,658]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FD2C2B0AFD42" box="[165,1389,680,702]" gridrow="6" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FD2C2B0AFD42" box="[165,1389,680,702]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Hypoatrial pentactin</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FD502B0AFD16" box="[165,1389,724,746]" gridrow="7" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FD502C6FFD16" box="[165,520,724,746]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">tangential ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FD502DE7FD16" box="[841,896,724,746]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">547</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FD502A69FD16" box="[994,1038,724,746]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">101</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFD502A81FD16" box="[1146,1254,724,746]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">293–830</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FD502B0AFD16" box="[1364,1389,724,746]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FC842B0AFCEA" box="[165,1389,768,790]" gridrow="8" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FC842C6FFCEA" box="[165,520,768,790]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">tangential ray width</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FC842DE7FCEA" box="[841,896,768,790]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">23.9</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FC842A69FCEA" box="[994,1038,768,790]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">4.9</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFC842A81FCEA" box="[1146,1254,768,790]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">14.2–39.3</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FC842B0AFCEA" box="[1364,1389,768,790]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FCA82B0AFCBE" box="[165,1389,812,834]" gridrow="9" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FCA82C6FFCBE" box="[165,520,812,834]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">proximal ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FCA82DE7FCBE" box="[841,896,812,834]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">652</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FCA82A69FCBE" box="[994,1038,812,834]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">126</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFCA82A81FCBE" box="[1146,1254,812,834]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">318–904</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FCA82B0AFCBE" box="[1364,1389,812,834]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FCDC2B0AFC92" box="[165,1389,856,878]" gridrow="10" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FCDC2C6FFC92" box="[165,520,856,878]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">proximal ray width</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FCDC2DE7FC92" box="[841,896,856,878]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">26.0</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FCDC2A69FC92" box="[994,1038,856,878]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">4.8</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFCDC2A81FC92" box="[1146,1254,856,878]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">18.1–35.5</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FCDC2B0AFC92" box="[1364,1389,856,878]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FC002B0AFC66" box="[165,1389,900,922]" gridrow="11" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FC002C6FFC66" box="[165,520,900,922]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Oxyhexactin ray length (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FC002DE7FC66" box="[841,896,900,922]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">1.10</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FC002A69FC66" box="[994,1038,900,922]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">0.21</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFC002A81FC66" box="[1146,1254,900,922]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">0.68–1.60</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FC002B0AFC66" box="[1364,1389,900,922]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FC342B0AFC3A" box="[165,1389,944,966]" gridrow="12" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FC342C6FFC3A" box="[165,520,944,966]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">width</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FC342DE7FC3A" box="[841,896,944,966]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">32.9</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FC342A69FC3A" box="[994,1038,944,966]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">5.2</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFC342A81FC3A" box="[1146,1254,944,966]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">21.4–44.4</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FC342B0AFC3A" box="[1364,1389,944,966]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FC582B0AFC0E" box="[165,1389,988,1010]" gridrow="13" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FC582C6FFC0E" box="[165,520,988,1010]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Dermal pinule pinulus length</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FC582DE7FC0E" box="[841,896,988,1010]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">221</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FC582A69FC0E" box="[994,1038,988,1010]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">40</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFC582A81FC0E" box="[1146,1254,988,1010]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">132–337</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FC582B0AFC0E" box="[1364,1389,988,1010]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FB8C2B0AFBE2" box="[165,1389,1032,1054]" gridrow="14" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FB8C2C6FFBE2" box="[165,520,1032,1054]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">pinulus basal width</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FB8C2DE7FBE2" box="[841,896,1032,1054]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">19.8</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FB8C2A69FBE2" box="[994,1038,1032,1054]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">4.1</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFB8C2A81FBE2" box="[1146,1254,1032,1054]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">12.8–30.2</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FB8C2B0AFBE2" box="[1364,1389,1032,1054]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FBB02B0AFBB6" box="[165,1389,1076,1098]" gridrow="15" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FBB02C6FFBB6" box="[165,520,1076,1098]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">pinulus greatest width</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FBB02DE7FBB6" box="[841,896,1076,1098]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">52.4</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FBB02A69FBB6" box="[994,1038,1076,1098]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">9.1</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFBB02A81FBB6" box="[1146,1254,1076,1098]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">34.3–77.9</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FBB02B0AFBB6" box="[1364,1389,1076,1098]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FBE42B0AFB8A" box="[165,1389,1120,1142]" gridrow="16" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FBE42C6FFB8A" box="[165,520,1120,1142]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">tangential ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FBE42DE7FB8A" box="[841,896,1120,1142]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">128</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FBE42A69FB8A" box="[994,1038,1120,1142]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">17</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFBE42A81FB8A" box="[1146,1254,1120,1142]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">90–163</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FBE42B0AFB8A" box="[1364,1389,1120,1142]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FB082B0AFB5E" box="[165,1389,1164,1186]" gridrow="17" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FB082C6FFB5E" box="[165,520,1164,1186]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">tangential ray width</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FB082DE7FB5E" box="[841,896,1164,1186]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">13.9</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FB082A69FB5E" box="[994,1038,1164,1186]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFB082A81FB5E" box="[1146,1254,1164,1186]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">10.1–18.0</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FB082B0AFB5E" box="[1364,1389,1164,1186]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FB3C2B0AFB32" box="[165,1389,1208,1230]" gridrow="18" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FB3C2C6FFB32" box="[165,520,1208,1230]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">proximal ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FB3C2DE7FB32" box="[841,896,1208,1230]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">127</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FB3C2A69FB32" box="[994,1038,1208,1230]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">13</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFB3C2A81FB32" box="[1146,1254,1208,1230]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">102–158</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FB3C2B0AFB32" box="[1364,1389,1208,1230]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FB602B0AFB06" box="[165,1389,1252,1274]" gridrow="19" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FB602C6FFB06" box="[165,520,1252,1274]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">proximal ray width</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FB602DE7FB06" box="[841,896,1252,1274]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">13.4</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FB602A69FB06" box="[994,1038,1252,1274]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFB602A81FB06" box="[1146,1254,1252,1274]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">7.9–18.6</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FB602B0AFB06" box="[1364,1389,1252,1274]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FA942B0AFADA" box="[165,1389,1296,1318]" gridrow="20" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FA942C6FFADA" box="[165,520,1296,1318]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Atrial pinule pinulus length</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FA942DE7FADA" box="[841,896,1296,1318]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">297</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FA942A69FADA" box="[994,1038,1296,1318]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">53</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFA942A81FADA" box="[1146,1254,1296,1318]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">131–379</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FA942B0AFADA" box="[1364,1389,1296,1318]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FAB82B0AFAAE" box="[165,1389,1340,1362]" gridrow="21" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FAB82C6FFAAE" box="[165,520,1340,1362]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">pinulus basal width</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FAB82DE7FAAE" box="[841,896,1340,1362]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">17.1</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FAB82A69FAAE" box="[994,1038,1340,1362]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFAB82A81FAAE" box="[1146,1254,1340,1362]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">12.4–22.4</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FAB82B0AFAAE" box="[1364,1389,1340,1362]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FAEC2B0AFA82" box="[165,1389,1384,1406]" gridrow="22" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FAEC2C6FFA82" box="[165,520,1384,1406]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">pinulus greatest width</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FAEC2DE7FA82" box="[841,896,1384,1406]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">39.0</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FAEC2A69FA82" box="[994,1038,1384,1406]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">5.5</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFAEC2A81FA82" box="[1146,1254,1384,1406]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">27.8–54.9</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FAEC2B0AFA82" box="[1364,1389,1384,1406]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FA102B0AFA56" box="[165,1389,1428,1450]" gridrow="23" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FA102C6FFA56" box="[165,520,1428,1450]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">tangential ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FA102DE7FA56" box="[841,896,1428,1450]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">125</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FA102A69FA56" box="[994,1038,1428,1450]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">16</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFA102A81FA56" box="[1146,1254,1428,1450]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">80–167</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FA102B0AFA56" box="[1364,1389,1428,1450]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FA442B0AFA2A" box="[165,1389,1472,1494]" gridrow="24" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FA442C6FFA2A" box="[165,520,1472,1494]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">tangential ray width</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FA442DE7FA2A" box="[841,896,1472,1494]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">12.7</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FA442A69FA2A" box="[994,1038,1472,1494]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFA442A81FA2A" box="[1146,1254,1472,1494]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">8.4–17.9</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FA442B0AFA2A" box="[1364,1389,1472,1494]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5FA682B0AF9FE" box="[165,1389,1516,1538]" gridrow="25" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5FA682C6FF9FE" box="[165,520,1516,1538]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">proximal ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909FA682DE7F9FE" box="[841,896,1516,1538]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">120</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2FA682A69F9FE" box="[994,1038,1516,1538]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">13</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AFA682A81F9FE" box="[1146,1254,1516,1538]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">88–142</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14FA682B0AF9FE" box="[1364,1389,1516,1538]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5F99C2B0AF9D2" box="[165,1389,1560,1582]" gridrow="26" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5F99C2C6FF9D2" box="[165,520,1560,1582]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">proximal ray width</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909F99C2DE7F9D2" box="[841,896,1560,1582]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">12.8</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2F99C2A69F9D2" box="[994,1038,1560,1582]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AF99C2A81F9D2" box="[1146,1254,1560,1582]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">8.4–16.4</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14F99C2B0AF9D2" box="[1364,1389,1560,1582]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5F9C02B0AF9A6" box="[165,1389,1604,1626]" gridrow="27" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5F9C02C6FF9A6" box="[165,520,1604,1626]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Diactin length (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909F9C02DE7F9A6" box="[841,896,1604,1626]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">3.01</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2F9C02A69F9A6" box="[994,1038,1604,1626]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">0.53</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AF9C02A81F9A6" box="[1146,1254,1604,1626]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">1.65–4.06</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14F9C02B0AF9A6" box="[1364,1389,1604,1626]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5F9F42B0AF97A" box="[165,1389,1648,1670]" gridrow="28" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5F9F42C6FF97A" box="[165,520,1648,1670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">width</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909F9F42DE7F97A" box="[841,896,1648,1670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">12.6</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2F9F42A69F97A" box="[994,1038,1648,1670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">3.3</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AF9F42A81F97A" box="[1146,1254,1648,1670]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">6.7–20.0</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14F9F42B0AF97A" box="[1364,1389,1648,1670]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5F9182B0AF94E" box="[165,1389,1692,1714]" gridrow="29" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5F9182C6FF94E" box="[165,520,1692,1714]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Discohexactin diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909F9182DE7F94E" box="[841,896,1692,1714]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">150</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2F9182A69F94E" box="[994,1038,1692,1714]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">23</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AF9182A81F94E" box="[1146,1254,1692,1714]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">90–185</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14F9182B0AF94E" box="[1364,1389,1692,1714]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5F94D2B0AF923" box="[165,1389,1737,1759]" gridrow="30" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5F94D2C6FF923" box="[165,520,1737,1759]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Hemidiscohexaster diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909F94D2DE7F923" box="[841,896,1737,1759]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">145</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2F94D2A69F923" box="[994,1038,1737,1759]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">20</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AF94D2A81F923" box="[1146,1254,1737,1759]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">102–177</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14F94D2B0AF923" box="[1364,1389,1737,1759]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5F9702B0AF8F6" box="[165,1389,1780,1802]" gridrow="31" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5F9702C6FF8F6" box="[165,520,1780,1802]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">primary ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909F9702DE7F8F6" box="[841,896,1780,1802]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">8.1</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2F9702A69F8F6" box="[994,1038,1780,1802]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AF9702A81F8F6" box="[1146,1254,1780,1802]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">4.5–13.7</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14F9702B0AF8F6" box="[1364,1389,1780,1802]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5F8A52B0AF8CB" box="[165,1389,1825,1847]" gridrow="32" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5F8A52C6FF8CB" box="[165,520,1825,1847]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">secondary ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909F8A52DE7F8CB" box="[841,896,1825,1847]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">65</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2F8A52A69F8CB" box="[994,1038,1825,1847]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">10</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AF8A52A81F8CB" box="[1146,1254,1825,1847]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">44–83</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14F8A52B0AF8CB" box="[1364,1389,1825,1847]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5F8C82B0AF89E" box="[165,1389,1868,1890]" gridrow="33" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5F8C82C6FF89E" box="[165,520,1868,1890]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Discohexaster diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909F8C82DE7F89E" box="[841,896,1868,1890]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">121</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2F8C82A69F89E" box="[994,1038,1868,1890]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">21</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AF8C82A81F89E" box="[1146,1254,1868,1890]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">82–165</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14F8C82B0AF89E" box="[1364,1389,1868,1890]" gridcol="4" gridrow="33" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5F8FD2B0AF873" box="[165,1389,1913,1935]" gridrow="34" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5F8FD2C6FF873" box="[165,520,1913,1935]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">primary ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909F8FD2DE7F873" box="[841,896,1913,1935]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">7.4</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2F8FD2A69F873" box="[994,1038,1913,1935]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AF8FD2A81F873" box="[1146,1254,1913,1935]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">4.5–11.2</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14F8FD2B0AF873" box="[1364,1389,1913,1935]" gridcol="4" gridrow="34" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354B34E6FF9FC9D69AE5F8202B0AF846" box="[165,1389,1956,1978]" gridrow="35" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<th id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69AE5F8202C6FF846" box="[165,520,1956,1978]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">secondary ray length</th>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69909F8202DE7F846" box="[841,896,1956,1978]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">54</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D699A2F8202A69F846" box="[994,1038,1956,1978]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">10</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69E3AF8202A81F846" box="[1146,1254,1956,1978]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">36–75</td>
|
||
<td id="769A5D9AFF9FC9D69F14F8202B0AF846" box="[1364,1389,1956,1978]" gridcol="4" gridrow="35" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF04662CFF9036019AD7F9F72A32F8F8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261308" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261308/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" startId="40.[151,250,1651,1674]" targetBox="[166,1421,194,1630]" targetPageId="40">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF9036019AD7F9F72A32F8F8" blockId="40.[151,1436,1651,1796]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9036019AD7F9F72F45F976" bold="true" box="[151,290,1651,1674]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF9036019B6AF9F02CDCF976" authority="Reiswig & Stone, 2013" authorityName="Reiswig & Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[298,699,1652,1674]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Caulophacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="adakensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Caulophacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9036019B6AF9F02CDCF976" box="[298,699,1652,1674]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57CDFF9036019884F9F12C98F976" box="[708,767,1653,1674]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, body, surfaces and spicule network. A. An
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9036019E8FF9F12B76F976" box="[1231,1297,1653,1674]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
image of the collected holotype. B. Two sides of the holotype (larger) and the dead stalk. C. Close-up of the lower (dermal) surface showing loose spicule lattice over inhalant canal aperture. D. Close-up of the upper (atrial) surface with larger mesh lattice over larger exhalant canal aperture. E. Cut end of stalk 15 cm below body with two large and one small longitudinal canals. F. Smooth margin between dermal and atrial surfaces. G. Main loose skeleton network of diactin bundles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF9036019A87F8A82A84F828" blockId="40.[151,1436,1836,2005]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Microscleres are all variations on a basic form—coarsely-thorned terminal rays ending in hemispheric discs with 3–6 large marginal teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9036019BB3F8D42C3AF894" box="[499,605,1872,1896]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1552,1575]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-229@41.[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 20. Spicules of Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Hypodermal pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B. Hypoatrial pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B1. Center of hypoatrial pentactin showing proximal spines. C. Two parenchymal macrohexactins with enlarged ray end. C1. Center of hypoatrial macrohexactin showing proximal spines. D. Dermal pinular hexactins, variation in form, and enlarged tangential ray end (* denotes most common form). E. Atrial pinular hexactins (* denotes most common form); all pinular hexactins to same scale. F. Diactin, whole and enlarged end and middle segments of thin and thick forms. G. Microsclere terminal ray end discs, end and side views. H. Discohexactin. I. Hemidiscohexaster. J. Discohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261310/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 20G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Discohexatins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF903601995FF8D42DE1F894" box="[799,902,1872,1896]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1552,1575]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-229@41.[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 20. Spicules of Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Hypodermal pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B. Hypoatrial pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B1. Center of hypoatrial pentactin showing proximal spines. C. Two parenchymal macrohexactins with enlarged ray end. C1. Center of hypoatrial macrohexactin showing proximal spines. D. Dermal pinular hexactins, variation in form, and enlarged tangential ray end (* denotes most common form). E. Atrial pinular hexactins (* denotes most common form); all pinular hexactins to same scale. F. Diactin, whole and enlarged end and middle segments of thin and thick forms. G. Microsclere terminal ray end discs, end and side views. H. Discohexactin. I. Hemidiscohexaster. J. Discohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261310/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 20H</figureCitation>
|
||
) are the largest but least common (15%) of the microscleres. Hemidiscohexasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9036019867F8F02CE4F870" box="[551,643,1908,1932]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1552,1575]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-229@41.[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 20. Spicules of Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Hypodermal pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B. Hypoatrial pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B1. Center of hypoatrial pentactin showing proximal spines. C. Two parenchymal macrohexactins with enlarged ray end. C1. Center of hypoatrial macrohexactin showing proximal spines. D. Dermal pinular hexactins, variation in form, and enlarged tangential ray end (* denotes most common form). E. Atrial pinular hexactins (* denotes most common form); all pinular hexactins to same scale. F. Diactin, whole and enlarged end and middle segments of thin and thick forms. G. Microsclere terminal ray end discs, end and side views. H. Discohexactin. I. Hemidiscohexaster. J. Discohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261310/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 20I</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1–3 terminals are the most common (60%) and intermediate in size. Discohexasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF9036019BD1F81C2F96F84C" box="[401,497,1944,1968]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1552,1575]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-229@41.[166,1421,193,1531]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 20. Spicules of Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Hypodermal pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B. Hypoatrial pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B1. Center of hypoatrial pentactin showing proximal spines. C. Two parenchymal macrohexactins with enlarged ray end. C1. Center of hypoatrial macrohexactin showing proximal spines. D. Dermal pinular hexactins, variation in form, and enlarged tangential ray end (* denotes most common form). E. Atrial pinular hexactins (* denotes most common form); all pinular hexactins to same scale. F. Diactin, whole and enlarged end and middle segments of thin and thick forms. G. Microsclere terminal ray end discs, end and side views. H. Discohexactin. I. Hemidiscohexaster. J. Discohexaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261310/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 20J</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2–4 terminals per primary ray are smallest and intermediate in abundance (25%). The latter two forms have very short terminal rays and some may be considered discasters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF04662CFF9136009AD7F9942D3FF922" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261310" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261310/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" startId="41.[151,250,1552,1575]" targetBox="[166,1421,193,1531]" targetPageId="41">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF9136009AD7F9942D3FF922" blockId="41.[151,1437,1552,1758]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9136009AD7F9942F44F9DB" bold="true" box="[151,291,1552,1575]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF9136009BEAF9942D59F9DA" authority="Reiswig & Stone, 2013" authorityName="Reiswig & Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[426,830,1552,1574]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Caulophacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="adakensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Caulophacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9136009BEAF9942D59F9DA" box="[426,830,1552,1574]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57CDFF9136009907F9952DE4F9DA" box="[839,899,1553,1574]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Hypodermal pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B. Hypoatrial pentactin, whole and enlarged ray ends. B1. Center of hypoatrial pentactin showing proximal spines. C. Two parenchymal macrohexactins with enlarged ray end. C1. Center of hypoatrial macrohexactin showing proximal spines. D. Dermal pinular hexactins, variation in form, and enlarged tangential ray end (* denotes most common form). E. Atrial pinular hexactins (* denotes most common form); all pinular hexactins to same scale. F. Diactin, whole and enlarged end and middle segments of thin and thick forms. G. Microsclere terminal ray end discs, end and side views. H. Discohexactin. I. Hemidiscohexaster. J. Discohexaster.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF9136009A87F8882B50F897" blockId="41.[151,1436,1803,2007]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Loose spicules in the stalk are hypodermal pentactins and dermal pinules. The hypodermal pentactins are similar to those of the body proper but all lack proximal spines. The pinules consist of approximately equal numbers of hexactine and pentactine forms. A few have very long pinular rays. No microscleres were found in the stalk.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF9136009A87F8F32AABF873" blockId="41.[151,1436,1803,2007]" box="[199,1228,1911,1935]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Etymology. The species name,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF9136009864F8F32CF5F873" authorityName="Reiswig & Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[548,658,1911,1935]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Caulophacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="adakensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9136009864F8F32CF5F873" box="[548,658,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">adakensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, refers to the location of collection, Adak Canyon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF9136039A87F81F2FDDFE0F" blockId="41.[151,1436,1803,2007]" lastBlockId="42.[151,1436,151,644]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Remarks. The new Aleutian Islands spicule-bearing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF913600995EF81F2DD5F84F" box="[798,946,1947,1971]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Caulophacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF913600995EF81F2DD5F84F" box="[798,946,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Caulophacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly belongs to subgenus
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9136009F41F81F2BFBF84F" box="[1281,1436,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF9136009F41F81F2BFFF84F" box="[1281,1432,1947,1971]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Caulophacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Caulophacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
presently with 18 valid species, by virtue of its possession of only discoid microscleres. Using the simple character of microsclere form, the new specimen is distinguished from 11 species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9236039E05FF1C2B73FF4C" box="[1093,1300,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
C. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF9236039E36FF1C2B6BFF4C" box="[1142,1292,152,176]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Caulophacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Caulophacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by having hemidiscohexasters as its most common microsclere (absent or rare in those 11 species). It is distinguished from 5 additional species by having only spherical discohexasters (stellate or lophoid forms occur in those 5 species). It is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF9236039B1FFE802D1BFEE0" authority="Tabachnick and Levi, 2004" authorityName="Tabachnick and Levi" authorityYear="2004" box="[351,892,260,284]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Caulophacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="discohexaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9236039B1FFE802C45FEE0" box="[351,546,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C. discohexaster</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FF9236039872FE802D1BFEE0" author="Tabachnick, K. R. & Levi, C." box="[562,892,260,284]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="11 - 71" refId="ref38083" refString="Tabachnick, K. R. & Levi, C. (2004) Lyssacinosida du Pacifique sud-ouest (Porifera: Hexactinellida). In: Marshall, B. & Richer de Forges, B. (Eds.), Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos. Vol 23. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 191, Publications Scientifiques du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, pp. 11 - 71." type="book chapter" year="2004">Tabachnick and Lévi, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but differs in having much larger spherical discohexasters, the mean diameter of the Aleutian Islands specimen (82–121–165 µm) being outside the entire size range of the New Caledonian form (72–108 µm). Comparison of the new form with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF9236039E31FEC82F05FE7B" authority="Schulze and Kirkpatrick, 1910" authorityName="Schulze and Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1910" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Caulophacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9236039E31FEC82B60FE98" box="[1137,1287,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C. antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FF9236039F51FEC82F05FE7B" author="Schulze, F. E. & Kirkpatrick, R." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="293 - 302" refId="ref37792" refString="Schulze, F. E. & Kirkpatrick, R. (1910) Preliminary notice on Hexactinellida of the Gauss-Expedition. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 35, 293 - 302." type="journal article" year="1910">Schulze and Kirkpatrick, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not considered possible since very sparse spicules described from the latter (washed-out stalks) are very likely to be extrinsic in origin, or at least not convincingly proper. The Aleutian Islands
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF9236039AD7FE3C2F4CFE2C" box="[151,299,440,464]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Caulophacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9236039AD7FE3C2F4CFE2C" box="[151,299,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Caulophacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is thus considered an easily distinguishable new species, designated here as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF9236039F48FE3C2FD5FE08" authorityName="Reiswig & Stone" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Caulophacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="adakensis" subGenus="Caulophacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9236039F48FE3C2FD5FE08" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF9236039A87FE7B2D27FD7F" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Review of all video footage collected with the ROV 'Jason II' indicates that this is an uncommon species, occurring singly on bedrock and large boulders at depths between 1326 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B41FF92360399B8FDA02A36FDC7" box="[1016,1105,548,572]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.68" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="2680.0">2680 m</quantity>
|
||
. The lithodid crab
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF9236039F67FDA02E82FD9C" baseAuthorityName="J.E.Benedict" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Malacostraca" family="Lithodidae" genus="Paralomis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9236039F67FDA02E82FD9C" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Paralomis verrilli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was using the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C08806FF9236039BCDFDC32F88FDA3" box="[397,495,583,607]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
as an elevated perch. Other associated fauna include the demosponge
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9236039F4AFDCC2E8CFD78" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Abestopluma ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
and the large brittle star
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF9236039842FDE82D5EFD78" baseAuthorityName="J Muller & Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[514,825,620,644]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="eucnemis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF9236039842FDE82D5EFD78" box="[514,825,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Gorgonocephalus eucnemis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |