719 lines
99 KiB
XML
719 lines
99 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="943F2E049631B3BE5A9B0605A465E85C">A new marine vertebrate assemblage from the Late Neogene Purisima Formation in Central California, part II: Pinnipeds and Cetaceans</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4F0AA9DCB95B6CFE591A0082D5762143">Boessenecker, Robert W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="61B54594EB9E11F78A8301BEB0300C4A">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3996B7CA5F2A38779FD2D4A0A061618F">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="06A9FEB9D4CEE7A24ABC7B007CFCC2F3">2013-12-31</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E7DD69FFDD864E279279CEFB9B3834" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4818604" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182400946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4818604" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E7DD69FFDD864E279279CEFB9B3834" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E7DD69FFDD864E279279CEFB9B3834" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="834" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">
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<subSubSection id="C3543FF4FFDD8650279279CEFE623EDD" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFDD8650279279CEFE623EDD" blockId="13.[213,547,1451,1510]" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDD8650279279CEFECE3EFE" ID-CoL="62KPC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1859" box="[213,341,1451,1478]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDD8650279279CEFECE3EFE" bold="true" box="[213,341,1451,1478]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">Callorhinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp., cf.
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||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDD865026EE79CEFDB83EFE" bold="true" box="[425,547,1451,1478]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">C. gilmorei</emphasis>
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<heading id="D0B9DB13FFDD865027B879A9FE623EDD" box="[255,505,1483,1510]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" reason="2">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFDD865027B879A9FE623EDD" author="BERTA A. & DEMERE T. A." box="[255,505,1483,1510]" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" pagination="111 - 126" refId="ref65469" refString="BERTA A. & DEMERE T. A. 1986. - Callorhinus gilmorei n. sp., (Carnivora: Otariidae) from the San Diego Formation (Blancan) and its implications for otariid phylogeny. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 21 (7): 111 - 126." type="journal article" year="1986">Berta & Deméré, 1986</bibRefCitation>
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</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3543FF4FFDD865027367A6DFD823D18" box="[113,537,1544,1568]" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFDD865027367A6DFD823D18" blockId="13.[113,537,1544,1568]" box="[113,537,1544,1568]" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5E4B51FFDD865027367A6DFD823D18" box="[113,537,1544,1568]" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDD865027367A6DFF7C3D18" authorityName="Boessenecker" authorityYear="2013" box="[113,231,1544,1568]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Thalassoleon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDD865027367A6DFF7C3D18" box="[113,231,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">Thalassoleon</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. –
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AEF4A6EFFDD865026647A6DFD993D18" author="BOESSENECKER R. W." box="[291,514,1544,1568]" page="43" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFDD865026647A6DFD993D18" author="BOESSENECKER R. W." box="[291,514,1544,1568]" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" pagination="43" refId="ref66249" refString="BOESSENECKER R. W. 2006. - A new marine vertebrate assemblage from the Late Neogene Purisima Formation at Pomponio State Beach, California. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 (3, supplement): 43 A." type="journal article" year="2006">Boessenecker 2006: 43</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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A.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3543FF4FFDD865027367A59FCC73A85" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFDD865027367A59FD133D9B" blockId="13.[113,648,1596,1699]" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">REFERRED MATERIAL. — UCMP 219003, anterior fragment of lower canine; UCMP 219147, upper third incisor; UCMP 86297, partial left humerus; UCMP 219139 and 219138, two right radii; UCMP 219122,</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFDD865025E27CB2FCB33A06" blockId="13.[676,1211,215,318]" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">
|
||
right calcaneum;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B266622FFDD8650240A7CB2FCBF3A06" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3120744302" accessionNumber="V99833, V99838, V99839, V99859" collectionCode="UCMP" collectorName="R. W. Boessenecker & L. Olivera" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" specimenCode="UCMP 219149" specimenCount="1">
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE8C404FFDD8650243F7CB2FB8C3BD7" box="[888,1047,215,239]" collectionCode="UCMP" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" type="University or college">UCMP 219149</specimenCode>
|
||
, right astragalus. Collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26BB09A9FFDD8650246D7C97FC7D3A31" box="[810,998,241,265]" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">R.W. Boessenecker</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26BB09A9FFDD8650235C7C97FB1A3A31" box="[1051,1153,241,265]" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">L. Olivera</collectorName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5FF4BAFFDD865025E17D69FD6B3A1C" box="[678,752,268,292]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
localities V7085,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="941DF19CFFDD865024E17D69FC613A1C" box="[934,1018,268,292]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V99833" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" type="EnaNcbi">V99833</accessionNumber>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="941DF19CFFDD865023427D69FBC23A1C" box="[1029,1113,268,292]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V99838" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" type="EnaNcbi">V99838</accessionNumber>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="941DF19CFFDD865023237D69FB2C3A1C" box="[1124,1207,268,292]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V99839" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" type="EnaNcbi">V99839</accessionNumber>
|
||
, and
|
||
<accessionNumber id="941DF19CFFDD865025977D43FCBF3A06" box="[720,804,294,318]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V99859" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" type="EnaNcbi">V99859</accessionNumber>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFDD865025E27D32FCC73A85" blockId="13.[675,1209,342,445]" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">
|
||
STRATIGRAPHIC OCCURRENCE. — Middle and upper parts of the San Gregorio section of the Purisima Formation, Early to Late Pliocene (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDD865024CF7DE9FC0C3A9B" box="[904,919,396,419]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">c.</emphasis>
|
||
5-2.5 Ma, Zanclean-Gelasian equivalent;
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFDD865024517DC0FCCB3A85" box="[790,848,421,445]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[113,124,1221,1239]" captionTargetBox="[761,1205,215,1066]" captionTargetId="figure-149@6.[759,1205,592,972]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Stratigraphy of the Purisima Formation: A, Stratigraphic column of the San Gregorio section of the Purisima Formation (in meters), showing stratigraphic position of UCMP vertebrate localities, dated ash beds, diatom floras, and species of Carcharodon; thickness measurements start over above missing section in uppermost part due lack of overlapping strata; epoch and stage boundaries marked as "?" are estimated; modified from Boessenecker (2011a); Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary after Hilgen et al. (2012); B, photograph of 3-4 m thick ash within Purisima Formation at mouth of San Gregorio Creek correlated with 2.5 Ma Ishi Tuff (Powell et al.2007); C, trace fossils in pervasively bioturbated sandstone,Purisima Formation,mouth of San Gregorio Creek; D, swaley cross-stratified sandstone, mouth of San Gregorio Creek. Abbreviations: Qt, Pleistocene terrace deposits; Tp, Purisima Formation; C, claystone; St, siltstone; Ss, sandstone. Scale bars: A, 2 m; B, C, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538204/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3543FF4FFDD865225E27DB3FE5E3D3D" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="830" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFDD865025E27DB3FCAE3AD6" blockId="13.[674,1212,470,1700]" box="[677,821,470,496]" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFDD865025E27D90FBB438D2" blockId="13.[674,1212,470,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">
|
||
Ŋe right upper third incisor (UCMP 219147) is small (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB6C19AFFDD865025A17E71FCCA3917" box="[742,849,532,559]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.455" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" unit="mm" value="14.55">14.55mm</quantity>
|
||
crown length), caniniform, strongly recurved, and bears well-developed posterior and anterior cristae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFDD865024127E31FC0F3956" box="[853,916,596,622]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[113,124,1352,1370]" captionTargetBox="[120,1201,215,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-123@16.[160,707,566,920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — Skeletal elements of Callorhinus sp., cf. C. gilmorei: A, UCMP 219147, right upper third incisor, in lateral view; B, UCMP 219147 in lingual view; C, UCMP 219147 in mesial view; D, UCMP 219147 in basal view; E, UCMP 219003, fragment of lower canine in lingual view; F, UCMP 219003 in labial view; G, UCMP 86297, partial left humerus in anterior view (deltopectoral crest partially reconstructed); H, UCMP 86297 in lateral view; I, UCMP 86297 in posterior view; J, UCMP 86297 in medial view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538219" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538219/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A-D). Ŋe crown measures
|
||
<quantity id="4CB6C19AFFDD865025E27E16FC9C39B6" box="[677,775,627,654]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.05" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" unit="mm" value="6.05">6.05 mm</quantity>
|
||
in transverse width, and
|
||
<quantity id="4CB6C19AFFDD865023567E11FBEF39B6" box="[1041,1140,628,654]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.66" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" unit="mm" value="8.66">8.66 mm</quantity>
|
||
anteroposterior width. A posteriorly curving longitudinal crista occurs on the lingual side of the tooth, and is posterobasally convergent with a slight posterolingual cingulum. Faint longitudinal wrinkles occur in the enamel. Ŋe crown and root of UCMP 219147 both have an oval cross section. Ŋe root is slightly damaged, and a thin layer of the outer surface of the root is missing; this is interpreted to be taphonomic, and this preservation is also seen in shark, pinniped, and cetacean teeth from other localities in the Purisima Formation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFDD865025FC7F95FCD13E3F" blockId="13.[674,1212,470,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">
|
||
A fragment (UCMP 219003) of the anterior portion of a canine represents a lower canine because of its curvature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFDD86502415784AFC243F72" box="[850,959,1071,1098]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[113,124,1352,1370]" captionTargetBox="[120,1201,215,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-123@16.[160,707,566,920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — Skeletal elements of Callorhinus sp., cf. C. gilmorei: A, UCMP 219147, right upper third incisor, in lateral view; B, UCMP 219147 in lingual view; C, UCMP 219147 in mesial view; D, UCMP 219147 in basal view; E, UCMP 219003, fragment of lower canine in lingual view; F, UCMP 219003 in labial view; G, UCMP 86297, partial left humerus in anterior view (deltopectoral crest partially reconstructed); H, UCMP 86297 in lateral view; I, UCMP 86297 in posterior view; J, UCMP 86297 in medial view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538219" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538219/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">Fig. 7E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
); upper canines of early diverging otariids (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDD8650243F782AFC6F3F51" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1859" box="[888,1012,1103,1129]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDD8650243F782AFC6F3F51" box="[888,1012,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">Callorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDD86502342782AFB1C3F51" box="[1029,1159,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">hvalassoleon</emphasis>
|
||
) are relatively straight, while lower canines are more posteriorly curved. Ŋe crown is conical, posteriorly curved, and exhibits longitudinally wrinkled enamel and an open pulp cavity is exposed on the broken surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFDD865325FC7968FDDC3A09" blockId="13.[674,1212,470,1700]" lastBlockId="14.[111,648,216,1700]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="829" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">
|
||
Ŋe partial left humerus (UCMP 86297) is relatively small (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB6C19AFFDD865024727949FC203E7F" box="[821,955,1324,1351]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0852" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" unit="mm" value="108.52">108.52 mm</quantity>
|
||
total length;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CC59C4FFDD865023117948FB303E7F" box="[1110,1195,1325,1351]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[114,124,219,237]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements (in mm) of Callorhinus sp., cf. C. gil- morei humerus (UCMP 86247). Measurements given to nearest hundredth of a millimeter." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF313CF7FFDD865027357CBEFEDC3A22" pageId="13" pageNumber="828" tableUuid="DF313CF7FFDD865027357CBEFEDC3A22">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
), slender, has a hemispherical humeral head, and is missing most of the deltopectoral crest and the lesser and greater trochanters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFDD865024A279E9FBB83E9E" box="[997,1059,1420,1446]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[113,124,1352,1370]" captionTargetBox="[120,1201,215,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-123@16.[160,707,566,920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — Skeletal elements of Callorhinus sp., cf. C. gilmorei: A, UCMP 219147, right upper third incisor, in lateral view; B, UCMP 219147 in lingual view; C, UCMP 219147 in mesial view; D, UCMP 219147 in basal view; E, UCMP 219003, fragment of lower canine in lingual view; F, UCMP 219003 in labial view; G, UCMP 86297, partial left humerus in anterior view (deltopectoral crest partially reconstructed); H, UCMP 86297 in lateral view; I, UCMP 86297 in posterior view; J, UCMP 86297 in medial view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538219" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538219/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="828">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
G-J). Ŋe preserved portion of the deltopectoral crest (partially reconstructed) is transversely thin. A triangular, knob-like medial entepicondyle is positioned along the distomedial margin. Ŋe lateral entepicondyle is anteroposteriorly thin and bladelike with an arcuate margin in anterior aspect. Ŋe trochlea is saddleshaped and concave posteriorly and distally. Ŋe radial capitulum is convex, and exhibits the same anteroposterior diameter as the medial lip of the trochlea. A shallow olecranon fossa is present on the posterior side, proximal to the trochlea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFDE865327CF7D52FEC438F2" blockId="14.[111,648,216,1700]" pageId="14" pageNumber="829">
|
||
Ŋe two right radii (UCMP 219139 and 219138) are relatively small (111.31 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CB6C19AFFDE8653268C7D33FDD53A49" box="[459,590,342,369]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3375" pageId="14" pageNumber="829" unit="mm" value="133.75">133.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
total length, respectively;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CC59C4FFDE865326007D13FE0E3AA8" box="[327,405,374,400]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[113,123,628,646]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 3. — Measurements (in mm) of Callorhinus sp.,cf.C.gilmorei radii. Measurements given to nearest hundredth of a millimeter." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF313CF7FFDD865027367E11FD1B39A4" pageId="14" pageNumber="829" tableUuid="DF313CF7FFDD865027367E11FD1B39A4">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
) and slender and missing the distal epiphyses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFDE8653263E7DF3FE223A88" box="[377,441,406,432]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[113,124,938,956]" captionTargetBox="[113,1197,209,921]" captionTargetId="figure-353@17.[124,751,225,748]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 8. — Radii of Callorhinus sp., cf. C. gilmorei: A, UCMP 219139, right radius in lateral view; B, UCMP 219139 in medial view; C, UCMP 219138, partial right radius in lateral view; D, UCMP 219138 in medial view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538223/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="829">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
), indicating young ontogenetic age. UCMP 219138 is slightly larger than UCMP 219139 and is damaged anteriorly.Ŋe proximal surface of the radial head is oval in proximal aspect, slightly concave, and the articular surface has a “stepped” morphology so that the lateral surface is less proximally elevated. Ŋe radial tuberosity is positioned distal to the head on the medial surface, forming a raised, rugose, and circular plateau. Ŋe shaft of both specimens is transversely thin and flattened. Ŋe shaft widens anteroposteriorly toward the pronator teres process, which is preserved in UCMP 219139. When accounting for the missing distal epiphysis, the pronator teres process is positioned about ⅓ of the element’s length from the proximal end. Ŋe medial surface is gently concave, and the lateral surfaces are slightly convex and smooth. Ŋe shaft is widest distally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFDE865327CF7FB5FE343D5C" blockId="14.[111,648,216,1700]" pageId="14" pageNumber="829">
|
||
Ŋe right astragalus (UCMP 219149) is small (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB6C19AFFDE8653273C7F95FF713F32" box="[123,234,1008,1034]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4619999999999997" pageId="14" pageNumber="829" unit="mm" value="34.62">34.62mm</quantity>
|
||
total length;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CC59C4FFDE865326347F95FE593F32" box="[371,450,1008,1034]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="15.[112,123,219,237]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 4. — Measurements (in mm) of Callorhinus sp., cf. C. gil- morei tarsal elements; *, denotes incomplete measurement due to breakage. Measurements given to nearest hundredth of a millimeter." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF313CF7FFDF865227377CBEFF6A3A09" pageId="14" pageNumber="829" tableUuid="DF313CF7FFDF865227377CBEFF6A3A09">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
) and slightly damaged on the plantar side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFDE865326C0786AFD9B3F12" box="[391,512,1039,1066]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[112,123,1128,1146]" captionTargetBox="[121,1202,212,1082]" captionTargetId="figure-297@18.[579,946,616,996]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Tarsal elements of Callorhinus sp., cf. C. gilmorei: A, UCMP 219122, right calcaneum in dorsal view; B, UCMP 219122 in plantar view; C, UCMP 219122 in medial view; D, UCMP 219149, left astragalus in dorsal view; E, UCMP 219149 in plantar view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538225/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="829">Fig. 9D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ŋe dorsal tibial articulation is divided into two gently convex ridges on the trochlear surface, separated by a shallow median furrow. Ŋe head of the astragalus has an anteriorly convex articular facet for the navicular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFDE8653273078CBFF563FF0" box="[119,205,1198,1224]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[112,123,1128,1146]" captionTargetBox="[121,1202,212,1082]" captionTargetId="figure-297@18.[579,946,616,996]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Tarsal elements of Callorhinus sp., cf. C. gilmorei: A, UCMP 219122, right calcaneum in dorsal view; B, UCMP 219122 in plantar view; C, UCMP 219122 in medial view; D, UCMP 219149, left astragalus in dorsal view; E, UCMP 219149 in plantar view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538225/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="829">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
||
); the neck is slightly constricted relative to the head. Ŋe sustentacular facet is small, smooth, and slightly convex, and located on the plantar side of the neck. Ŋe sustentacular facet is bordered anteriorly and laterally by a shallow groove. Ŋe astragalar sulcus is transversely oriented and separates the sustentacular facet from the calcaneo-astragalar facet. Ŋe calcaneo-astragalar facet is oval-shaped and concave. Ŋe posterior margin of the astragalus is convex, and slight indentations occur at the posterior ends of the lateral and medial processes. Ŋe lateral process is a small, laterally projecting knob, and the medial process is a small rectangular knob on the posteromedial surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF313CF7FFDE865325E279C0FB203D29" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538217" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4538217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538217/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="829" startId="14.[677,688,1445,1463]" targetBox="[697,1177,228,1404]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFDE865325E279C0FB203D29" blockId="14.[676,1211,1445,1553]" pageId="14" pageNumber="829">
|
||
FIG. 6. — Metacarpal and phalanx of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDE8653249F79C0FBBF3E8F" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1866" box="[984,1060,1445,1463]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="14" pageNumber="829" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Otariidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. indet.:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDE865325E279DEFD293EF5" bold="true" box="[677,690,1467,1485]" pageId="14" pageNumber="829">A</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 86298, fifth right metacarpal in lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDE8653232D79DEFBEC3EF5" bold="true" box="[1130,1143,1467,1485]" pageId="14" pageNumber="829">B</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 86298 in dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDE8653241C79B7FCF23EDC" bold="true" box="[859,873,1490,1508]" pageId="14" pageNumber="829">C</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 86298 in medial view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDE8653232D79B7FBE33EDC" bold="true" box="[1130,1144,1490,1508]" pageId="14" pageNumber="829">D</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 86298 in plantar view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDE8653241D798CFCFD3EC3" bold="true" box="[858,870,1513,1531]" pageId="14" pageNumber="829">E</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 131799,manual or pedal phalanx in dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDE86532458799AFCB13D29" bold="true" box="[799,810,1535,1553]" pageId="14" pageNumber="829">F</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 131799 in plantar view. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFDE865327CF7A0FFD1D3D9B" blockId="14.[111,648,216,1700]" pageId="14" pageNumber="829">
|
||
Ŋe well-preserved right calcaneum (UCMP 219122) is small (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB6C19AFFDE865326757AECFE393D9C" box="[306,418,1673,1700]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.934" pageId="14" pageNumber="829" unit="mm" value="59.34">59.34 mm</quantity>
|
||
total length;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CC59C4FFDE865325687AECFDE53D9B" box="[559,638,1673,1699]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="15.[112,123,219,237]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 4. — Measurements (in mm) of Callorhinus sp., cf. C. gil- morei tarsal elements; *, denotes incomplete measurement due to breakage. Measurements given to nearest hundredth of a millimeter." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF313CF7FFDF865227377CBEFF6A3A09" pageId="14" pageNumber="829" tableUuid="DF313CF7FFDF865227377CBEFF6A3A09">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFDE865325F97CB3FD543BD7" blockId="14.[702,719,214,239]" box="[702,719,214,239]" pageId="14" pageNumber="829">A</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFDE865225E27A2FFE5E3D3D" blockId="14.[677,1211,1610,1700]" lastBlockId="15.[112,648,913,1541]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="830" pageId="14" pageNumber="829">
|
||
and roughly rectangular, with a robust calcaneal process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFDE865324437A0CFCD93DBC" box="[772,834,1641,1668]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[112,123,1128,1146]" captionTargetBox="[121,1202,212,1082]" captionTargetId="figure-297@18.[579,946,616,996]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Tarsal elements of Callorhinus sp., cf. C. gilmorei: A, UCMP 219122, right calcaneum in dorsal view; B, UCMP 219122 in plantar view; C, UCMP 219122 in medial view; D, UCMP 219149, left astragalus in dorsal view; E, UCMP 219149 in plantar view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538225/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="829">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A-C). Ŋe proximal surface of the calcaneal process is smooth and gently convex, with a shallow vertical groove for the gastrocnemius and soleus tendons. Ŋe medial calcaneal tubercle is small and situated on the medial surface of the calcaneal process. Ŋe calcaneal process is cylindrical and proximally rugose. Ŋe calcaneoastragalar facet is oriented posteromedially and is lunate in shape, dorsally convex, and slopes anteromedially. Ŋe lateral calcaneal tubercle is a slight ridge. Ŋe medial margin of the calcaneal process is concave, while the sustentacular facet is dorsally concave and projects medially as a triangular process. Ŋe peroneal tubercle is abraded away. Ŋe secondary shelf of the sustentaculum is developed as a narrow groove along the anteromedial margin of the sustentacular facet, and widens anteriorly. A slight groove occurs between the calcaneo-astragalar facet and the sustentacular facet, and a slight fossa lies lateral to the sustentacular facet. Ŋe cuboid facet occupies the slightly concave and oval shaped anterior surface of the calcaneum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF313CF7FFDF865227377CBEFF6A3A09" ID-Table-UUID="DF313CF7FFDF865227377CBEFF6A3A09" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF313CF7FFDF865227377CBEFF6A3A09" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" startId="15.[112,123,219,237]" targetBox="[115,638,362,841]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFDF865227377CBEFF6A3A09" blockId="15.[112,646,219,305]" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">
|
||
TABLE 4. — Measurements (in mm) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDF865226E87CBEFD953BD5" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1859" box="[431,526,219,237]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865226E87CBEFD953BD5" box="[431,526,219,237]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Callorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865225147CBEFF393A3C" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">C. gil- morei</emphasis>
|
||
tarsal elements;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865226077C97FED33A3C" bold="true" box="[320,328,242,260]" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">*</emphasis>
|
||
, denotes incomplete measurement due to breakage. Measurements given to nearest hundredth of a millimeter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFDF8652262F7D0EFE9B3871" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">
|
||
<table id="F94E9EDFFFDF79A227347D0FFDE53871" box="[115,638,362,841]" gridcols="3" gridrows="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFDF79A227347D0FFDE53A47" box="[115,638,362,383]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFDF79A2261E7D0FFE783A47" box="[345,483,362,383]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF8652262F7D0EFE4E3A47" bold="true" box="[360,469,363,383]" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Astragalus</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFDF79A226B37D0FFDE53A47" box="[500,638,362,383]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865226B87D0FFDE93A46" bold="true" box="[511,626,362,382]" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Calcaneum</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFDF79A227347DE1FDE53AA0" box="[115,638,388,408]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFDF79A2261E7DE1FE783AA0" box="[345,483,388,408]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF8652261E7DE1FE783AA0" bold="true" box="[345,483,388,408]" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">UCMP 219149</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFDF79A226B37DE1FDE53AA0" box="[500,638,388,408]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865226B37DE1FDE53AA0" bold="true" box="[500,638,388,408]" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">UCMP 219122</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFDF79A227347DCDFDE53A84" box="[115,638,424,444]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFDF79A227347DCDFEAE3A84" box="[115,309,424,444]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Total length</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFDF79A2261E7DCDFE783A84" box="[345,483,424,444]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">34.62</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFDF79A226B37DCDFDE53A84" box="[500,638,424,444]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">59.34</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFDF79A227347DA5FDE53AEC" box="[115,638,448,468]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFDF79A227347DA5FEAE3AEC" box="[115,309,448,468]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Transverse width,</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFDF79A2261E7DA5FE783AEC" box="[345,483,448,468]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFDF79A226B37DA5FDE53AEC" box="[500,638,448,468]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">26.89</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFDF79A227347DBCFDE53AD5" box="[115,638,473,493]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFDF79A227347DBCFEAE3AD5" box="[115,309,473,493]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">calcaneal tuber</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFDF79A227347D94FDE5393D" box="[115,638,497,517]" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFDF79A227347D94FEAE393D" box="[115,309,497,517]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Transverse width,</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFDF79A2261E7D94FE78393D" box="[345,483,497,517]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFDF79A226B37D94FDE5393D" box="[500,638,497,517]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">31.00*</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFDF79A227347E6EFDE53927" box="[115,638,523,543]" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFDF79A227347E6EFEAE3927" box="[115,309,523,543]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">proximal</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFDF79A227347E46FDE5390F" box="[115,638,547,567]" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFDF79A227347E46FEAE390F" box="[115,309,547,567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Dorsoventral depth,</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFDF79A2261E7E46FE78390F" box="[345,483,547,567]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFDF79A226B37E46FDE5390F" box="[500,638,547,567]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">19.94</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFDF79A227347E58FDE53969" box="[115,638,573,593]" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFDF79A227347E58FEAE3969" box="[115,309,573,593]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">calcaneal tuber</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFDF79A227347E30FDE53951" box="[115,638,597,617]" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFDF79A227347E30FEAE3951" box="[115,309,597,617]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Dorsoventral depth</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFDF79A2261E7E30FE783951" box="[345,483,597,617]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">–</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFDF79A226B37E30FDE53951" box="[500,638,597,617]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">20.80</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFDF79A227347E0BFDE539BA" box="[115,638,622,642]" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFDF79A227347E0BFEAE39BA" box="[115,309,622,642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">at cuboid facet</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFDF79A227347EE3FDE539A2" box="[115,638,646,666]" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFDF79A227347EE3FEAE39A2" box="[115,309,646,666]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Transverse width</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFDF79A2261E7EE3FE7839A2" box="[345,483,646,666]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">21.20</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFDF79A226B37EE3FDE539A2" box="[500,638,646,666]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFDF79A227347EC5FDE5398C" box="[115,638,672,692]" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFDF79A227347EC5FEAE398C" box="[115,309,672,692]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">at navicular facet</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFDF79A227347EDDFDE539F4" box="[115,638,696,716]" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFDF79A227347EDDFEAE39F4" box="[115,309,696,716]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Dorsoventral depth</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFDF79A2261E7EDDFE7839F4" box="[345,483,696,716]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">11.29</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFDF79A226B37EDDFDE539F4" box="[500,638,696,716]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFDF79A227347EB7FDE539DE" box="[115,638,722,742]" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFDF79A227347EB7FEAE39DE" box="[115,309,722,742]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">at navicular facet</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFDF79A227347E8FFDE539C6" box="[115,638,746,766]" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFDF79A227347E8FFEAE39C6" box="[115,309,746,766]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Transverse width</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFDF79A2261E7E8FFE7839C6" box="[345,483,746,766]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">15.94</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFDF79A226B37E8FFDE539C6" box="[500,638,746,766]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFDF79A227347F66FDE5382F" box="[115,638,771,791]" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFDF79A227347F66FEAE382F" box="[115,309,771,791]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">of trochlea</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFDF79A227347F7EFDE53817" box="[115,638,795,815]" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFDF79A227347F7EFEAE3817" box="[115,309,795,815]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Angle between neck</th>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFDF79A2261E7F7EFE783817" box="[345,483,795,815]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">33°</td>
|
||
<td id="76AF0741FFDF79A226B37F7EFDE53817" box="[500,638,795,815]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357E6E3DFFDF79A227347F50FDE53871" box="[115,638,821,841]" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76AF0741FFDF79A227347F50FEAE3871" box="[115,309,821,841]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">and trochlea</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3543FF4FFDF864E27367A4EFB9B3834" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="834" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFDF865227367A4EFE903D7B" blockId="15.[113,648,1579,1699]" box="[113,267,1579,1605]" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">COMPARISONS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFDF865227367A2FFC043F51" blockId="15.[113,648,1579,1699]" lastBlockId="15.[673,1212,216,1700]" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">
|
||
Specimens referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDF8652262C7A2FFE7D3D5C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1859" box="[363,486,1610,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF8652262C7A2FFE7D3D5C" box="[363,486,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Callorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDF865225067A2FFF373DBB" authorityName="Berta & Demere" authorityYear="1986" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilmorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865225067A2FFF373DBB" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">C. gilmorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
all exhibit otariid characteristics and small size, and constitute all otariid specimens from the San Gregorio section of the Purisima Formation, and are considered to represent a single otariid taxon. Some of these elements (incisor, radius, astragalus, calcaneum) exhibit features diagnostic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDF865225E27D33FBE63A48" authority="Berta & Demere, 1986" authorityName="Berta & Demere" authorityYear="1986" box="[677,1149,342,369]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilmorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865225E27D33FCE23A48" box="[677,889,342,368]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Callorhinus gilmorei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFDF865224C67D32FBE63A48" author="BERTA A. & DEMERE T. A." box="[897,1149,342,369]" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" pagination="111 - 126" refId="ref65469" refString="BERTA A. & DEMERE T. A. 1986. - Callorhinus gilmorei n. sp., (Carnivora: Otariidae) from the San Diego Formation (Blancan) and its implications for otariid phylogeny. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 21 (7): 111 - 126." type="journal article" year="1986">Berta & Deméré, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the San Diego Formation (including new material within SDNHM collections), but several elements (canine, humerus) only possess features characteristic of the family. Although potentially belonging to a separate otariid taxon, they are tentatively included in the same taxon based on their small size and similarity with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDF8652243B7E50FC693976" authorityName="Berta & Demere" authorityYear="1986" box="[892,1010,564,591]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilmorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF8652243B7E50FC693976" box="[892,1010,564,591]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">C. gilmorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
material from the San Diego Formation. Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDF865223777E31FB383956" authorityName="Berta & Demere" authorityYear="1986" box="[1072,1187,596,622]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilmorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865223777E31FB383956" box="[1072,1187,596,622]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">C. gilmorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only otariid present in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AA29DFFDF865224AC7E11FBC339B6" box="[1003,1112,628,654]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
Pliocene (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFDF865225EB7EF6FC163996" author="MIYAZAKI S. & HORIKAWA H. & KOHNO N. & HIROTA K. & KIMURA M. & HASEGAWA Y. & TOMIDA Y. & BARNES L. G. & RAY C. E." box="[684,909,659,686]" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" pagination="361 - 372" refId="ref72377" refString="MIYAZAKI S., HORIKAWA H., KOHNO N., HIROTA K., KIMURA M., HASEGAWA Y., TOMIDA Y., BARNES L. G. & RAY C. E. 1995. - Summary of the fossil record of pinnipeds of Japan, and comparisons with that from the eastern North Pacific. hve Island Arc 3: 361 - 372." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498AA29DFFDF865225EB7EF6FC8B3995" box="[684,784,659,685]" country="Japan" name="Miyazaki" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Miyazaki</collectingRegion>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF8652245F7EF1FCD73995" box="[792,844,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFDF865224DE7EF6FBEE3995" author="BOESSENECKER R. W." box="[921,1141,659,685]" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" pagination="454 - 467" refId="ref66433" refString="BOESSENECKER R. W. 2011 c. - New records of the fur seal Callorhinus (Carnivora: Otariidae) from the Plio-Pleistocene Rio Dell Formation of Northern California and comments on otariid dental evolution. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31: 454 - 467." type="journal article" year="2011">Boessenecker 2011c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with the exception of
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF8652241D7ED6FBCF39F5" box="[858,1108,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">
|
||
hvalassoleon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDF865224A67ED6FBCF39F5" baseAuthorityName="Demere & Berta" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[993,1108,691,717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Thunnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macnallyae">macnallyae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from the latest Miocene and earliest Pliocene of the Purisima Formation (Point Reyes and Santa Cruz sections), and cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865225A97F77FCF13814" box="[750,874,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">hvalassoleon</emphasis>
|
||
from the earliest Pliocene Salada and San Mateo Formations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFDF865224887F57FBCC3874" author="BARNES L. G." box="[975,1111,818,844]" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" pagination="26 - 79" refId="ref64504" refString="BARNES L. G. 1998. - Ne sequence of fossil marine mammal assemblages in Mexico, in CARRANZA- CASTANEDA O. & CORDOBA- MENDEZ D. A. (eds), Avances en Investigacion. Paleontologia de Vertebrados. Publicacion Especial 1. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachucha, Hidalgo, Mexico: 26 - 79." type="book chapter" year="1998">Barnes 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Deméré
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865225E47F37FD433853" box="[675,728,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003), to which these specimens cannot be referred.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDF8652244C7F17FC3A38B3" baseAuthorityName="Demere & Berta" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[779,929,881,907]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Thunnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macnallyae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF8652244C7F17FC3A38B3" box="[779,929,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">T. macnallyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only other otariid known from the Purisima Formation, and along with other specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865224E87FD5FBB438F2" box="[943,1071,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">hvalassoleon</emphasis>
|
||
, consistently exhibit more plesiomorphic characteristics than these new specimens, in addition to larger overall size (approximately 150-200% larger). Additional diagnostic material is necessary to refine this preliminary identification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFDF865225FC780AFB233D7D" blockId="15.[673,1212,216,1700]" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">
|
||
Ŋe upper third incisor is relatively small and close in its morphology to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDF8652249F78EAFBD43F90" authorityName="Berta & Demere" authorityYear="1986" box="[984,1103,1166,1193]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilmorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF8652249F78EAFBD43F90" box="[984,1103,1166,1193]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">C. gilmorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDF865223CD78EBFCD83FF0" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865223CD78EBFCD83FF0" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Callorhinus ursinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDF865224A578CBFCDE3FD0" authority="Schreber, 1775" authorityName="Schreber" authorityYear="1775" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Arctocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865224A578CBFB223FF0" box="[994,1209,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Arctocephalus pusillus</emphasis>
|
||
Schreber, 1775
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDF8652240A78ABFB2D3FD0" authority="Schreber, 1775" authorityName="Schreber" authorityYear="1775" box="[845,1206,1229,1256]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Eumetopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jubatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF8652240A78ABFB8A3FDF" box="[845,1041,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Eumetopias jubatus</emphasis>
|
||
Schreber, 1775
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDF865225E47888FB873E3F" authority="Muizon, 1978" authorityName="Muizon" authorityYear="1978" box="[675,1052,1261,1287]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lomasiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865225E47888FC1B3E3F" box="[675,896,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Hydrarctos lomasiensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFDF865224C27888FB873E3F" author="MUIZON C. DE" box="[901,1052,1261,1287]" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" pagination="169 - 189" refId="ref72486" refString="MUIZON C. DE 1978. - Arctocephalus (Hydrarctos) lomasiensis, subgen. nov. et nov sp., un nouvel Otariidae du Mio-Pliocene de Sacaco. Bulletin de l'Institute Francais d'Etudes Andines 7: 169 - 189." type="journal article" year="1978">Muizon, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDF865223627888FD443E1F" authority="Gill, 1866" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1866" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Neophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865223627888FB1D3E3F" box="[1061,1158,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Neophoca</emphasis>
|
||
Gill, 1866
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDF865225AF7968FC2C3E1F" authority="Peron, 1816" authorityName="Peron" authorityYear="1816" box="[744,951,1293,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Otaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865225AF7968FCB53E1F" box="[744,814,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Otaria</emphasis>
|
||
Peron, 1816
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDF865224867968FB2E3E1F" authority="Peters, 1866" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1866" box="[961,1205,1293,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Phocarctos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865224867968FBB03E1F" box="[961,1067,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Phocarctos</emphasis>
|
||
Peters, 1866
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDF865225E47948FB2E3E7E" authority="Barnes, Ray & Koretsly, 2006" authorityName="Barnes, Ray & Koretsly" authorityYear="2006" box="[675,1205,1324,1351]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Proterozetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ulysses">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865225E47948FCF93E7F" box="[675,866,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Proterozetes ulysses</emphasis>
|
||
Barnes, Ray & Koretsly, 2006
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865225E17929FCBA3E5E" box="[678,801,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">hvalassoleon</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDF865224627928FB2D3E5E" authority="Repenning & Tedford, 1977" authorityName="Repenning & Tedford" authorityYear="1977" box="[805,1206,1356,1382]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Thalassoleon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865224627928FC173E5E" box="[805,908,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFDF865224D77929FB2D3E5E" author="REPENNING C. A. & TEDFORD R. H." box="[912,1206,1356,1382]" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref74735" refString="REPENNING C. A. & TEDFORD R. H. 1977. - Otarioid seals of the Neogene. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 992: 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1977">Repenning&Tedford, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDF865225957909FCAB3EBE" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1866" box="[722,816,1388,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Zalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865225957909FCAB3EBE" box="[722,816,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Zalophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in having a small, gracile crown with an oval cross-section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFDF865224DF79E9FC6F3E9E" box="[920,1012,1420,1446]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[113,124,1352,1370]" captionTargetBox="[120,1201,215,1314]" captionTargetId="figure-123@16.[160,707,566,920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — Skeletal elements of Callorhinus sp., cf. C. gilmorei: A, UCMP 219147, right upper third incisor, in lateral view; B, UCMP 219147 in lingual view; C, UCMP 219147 in mesial view; D, UCMP 219147 in basal view; E, UCMP 219003, fragment of lower canine in lingual view; F, UCMP 219003 in labial view; G, UCMP 86297, partial left humerus in anterior view (deltopectoral crest partially reconstructed); H, UCMP 86297 in lateral view; I, UCMP 86297 in posterior view; J, UCMP 86297 in medial view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538219" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538219/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFDF8652234579E9FD793EFD" author="REPENNING C. A. & PETERSON R. S. & HUBBS C. L." pageId="15" pageNumber="830" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref74766" refString="REPENNING C. A., PETERSON R. S. & HUBBS C. L. 1971. - Contributions to the systematics of the southern fur seals, with particular reference to the Juan Hernandez and Guadalupe species. Antarctic Research Series 18: 1 - 34." type="book chapter" year="1971">
|
||
Repenning
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865223C479E9FB213E9E" box="[1155,1210,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1971
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). An isolated upper third incisor (UCMP 219433) referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFDF865224D579A9FBB83EDD" baseAuthorityName="Demere & Berta" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[914,1059,1483,1509]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Thunnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macnallyae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFDF865224D579A9FBB83EDD" box="[914,1059,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">T. macnallyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from locality V-
|
||
<quantity id="4CB6C19AFFDF86522585798FFC883D3D" box="[706,787,1514,1541]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7462499999999999" pageId="15" pageNumber="830" unit="in" value="6875.0">6875 in</quantity>
|
||
the Purisima Formation is similar in size and cross-section, but differs from this specimen in possessing a lingual bulge at the base of the crown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFDF864D25FC7A2FFB213D9B" blockId="15.[673,1212,216,1700]" lastBlockId="16.[674,1210,1515,1700]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="831" pageId="15" pageNumber="830">
|
||
Ŋe humerus (UCMP 86297) exhibits typical otariid characteristics including a relatively straight shaft in lateral/medial aspect (as opposed to sinuous as in phocids), the medial lip of the distal trochlea having the same diameter as the radial capitulum (the medial lip is of a greater diameter in odobenids;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFC0864D27287A2FFE813D5C" author="DEMERE T. A." box="[111,282,1610,1636]" pageId="16" pageNumber="831" pagination="99 - 123" refId="ref67406" refString="DEMERE T. A. 1994 a. - Ne family Odobenidae: a phylogenetic analysis of fossil and living taxa. Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History 29: 99 - 123." type="journal article" year="1994">Deméré 1994a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and a small, triangular medial entepicondyle (which is knob-like in most Late Neogene odobenids). Despite its small size, it has fully fused proximal and distal epiphyses, indicating it is an adult; it is here interpreted as an adult female. UCMP 86297 compares well with modern
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC0864D25E47A2FFC8D3D5C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1859" box="[675,790,1610,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="16" pageNumber="831" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC0864D25E47A2FFC8D3D5C" box="[675,790,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="831">Callorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC0864D24007A2FFB843D5C" authority="Gill, 1866" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1866" box="[839,1055,1610,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Arctophoca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="16" pageNumber="831" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC0864D24007A2FFC283D5C" box="[839,947,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="831">Arctophoca</emphasis>
|
||
Gill, 1866
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
humeri, as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC0864D25877A0FFCA83DBB" authorityName="Berta & Demere" authorityYear="1986" box="[704,819,1641,1668]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="16" pageNumber="831" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilmorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC0864D25877A0FFCA83DBB" box="[704,819,1641,1668]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="831">C. gilmorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
humeri from the San Diego Formation (SDNHM 25398 and 38296). Ŋis specimen
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF313CF7FFC0864D2736792DFB283EA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538219" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4538219" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538219/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="831" startId="16.[113,124,1352,1370]" targetBox="[120,1201,215,1314]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFC0864D2736792DFB283EA6" blockId="16.[113,1210,1352,1438]" pageId="16" pageNumber="831">
|
||
FIG. 7. — Skeletal elements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC0864D2632792DFE493E62" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1859" box="[373,466,1352,1370]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="16" pageNumber="831" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC0864D2632792DFE493E62" box="[373,466,1352,1370]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="831">Callorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC0864D255F792DFDE93E62" authorityName="Berta & Demere" authorityYear="1986" box="[536,626,1352,1370]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="16" pageNumber="831" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilmorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC0864D255F792DFDE93E62" box="[536,626,1352,1370]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="831">C. gilmorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC0864D253A792DFD113E62" bold="true" box="[637,650,1352,1370]" pageId="16" pageNumber="831">A</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 219147, right upper third incisor, in lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC0864D232D792DFBEC3E62" bold="true" box="[1130,1143,1352,1370]" pageId="16" pageNumber="831">B</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 219147 in lingual view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC0864D2675793BFEDB3E48" bold="true" box="[306,320,1374,1392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="831">C</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 219147 in mesial view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC0864D2501793BFDCF3E48" bold="true" box="[582,596,1374,1392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="831">D</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 219147 in basal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC0864D2415793BFCC53E48" bold="true" box="[850,862,1374,1392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="831">E</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 219003, fragment of lower canine in lingual view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC0864D27B37910FF643EBF" bold="true" box="[244,255,1397,1415]" pageId="16" pageNumber="831">F</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 219003 in labial view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC0864D25407910FD8E3EBF" bold="true" box="[519,533,1397,1415]" pageId="16" pageNumber="831">G</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 86297, partial left humerus in anterior view (deltopectoral crest partially reconstructed);
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC0864D27B379E9FE993EA6" bold="true" box="[244,258,1420,1438]" pageId="16" pageNumber="831">H</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 86297 in lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC0864D26B979E9FD9F3EA6" bold="true" box="[510,516,1420,1438]" pageId="16" pageNumber="831">I</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 86297 in posterior view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC0864D245179E9FCBB3EA6" bold="true" box="[790,800,1420,1438]" pageId="16" pageNumber="831">J</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 86297 in medial view. Scale bars: 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF313CF7FFC1864C27367FCFFC5D38EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538223" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4538223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538223/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="832" startId="17.[113,124,938,956]" targetBox="[113,1197,209,921]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFC1864C27367FCFFC5D38EA" blockId="17.[113,1211,937,978]" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">
|
||
FIG. 8. — Radii of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC1864C264A7FCCFEF13883" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1859" box="[269,362,937,955]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C264A7FCCFEF13883" box="[269,362,937,955]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">Callorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC1864C26F57FCCFD963884" authorityName="Berta & Demere" authorityYear="1986" box="[434,525,937,956]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilmorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C26F57FCCFD963884" box="[434,525,937,956]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">C. gilmorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C255E7FCFFDBD3884" bold="true" box="[537,550,938,956]" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">A</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 219139, right radius in lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C24D87FCFFC373884" bold="true" box="[927,940,938,956]" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">B</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 219139 in medial view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C27367FA5FFE438EA" bold="true" box="[113,127,960,978]" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">C</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 219138, partial right radius in lateral view; D, UCMP 219138 in medial view. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFC1864C2736786AFD1C3FF0" blockId="17.[111,648,1039,1700]" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">
|
||
exhibits fully fused epiphyses, while similarly sized humeri of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC1864C27A27855FEF73F71" authorityName="Repenning & Tedford" authorityYear="1977" box="[229,364,1072,1097]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Thalassoleon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C27A27855FEF73F71" box="[229,364,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">T. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC1864C26E37855FDAF3F71" baseAuthorityName="Demere & Berta" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[420,564,1071,1097]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Thunnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macnallyae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C26E37855FDAF3F71" box="[420,564,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">T. macnallyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remain unfused, and adult humeri of
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C26E8782AFDB43F51" box="[431,559,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">hvalassoleon</emphasis>
|
||
spp. are substantially larger than those of adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC1864C255C780AFD1D3FB0" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[539,646,1135,1161]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C255C780AFD1D3FB0" box="[539,646,1135,1161]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">C. ursinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC1864C27D978EAFE943F90" authorityName="Berta & Demere" authorityYear="1986" box="[158,271,1166,1193]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilmorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C27D978EAFE943F90" box="[158,271,1166,1193]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">C. gilmorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SDNHM 38296). Ŋe small adult size of this humerus indicates referral to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC1864C254978CBFD1B3FF0" authorityName="Berta & Demere" authorityYear="1986" box="[526,640,1198,1224]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilmorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C254978CBFD1B3FF0" box="[526,640,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">C. gilmorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFC1864C27CF78ABFB383E1F" blockId="17.[111,648,1039,1700]" lastBlockId="17.[674,1212,1039,1700]" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">
|
||
Ŋe radii (UCMP 219138 and 219139) exhibit several otariid features, including a relatively straight and transversely compressed shaft, exhibiting a radial process that does not extend further distally than the distal scapholunar articulation facet, and having a pronator teres process that is positioned relatively far proximally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFC1864C263879E9FE243E9E" box="[383,447,1420,1446]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[113,124,938,956]" captionTargetBox="[113,1197,209,921]" captionTargetId="figure-353@17.[124,751,225,748]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 8. — Radii of Callorhinus sp., cf. C. gilmorei: A, UCMP 219139, right radius in lateral view; B, UCMP 219139 in medial view; C, UCMP 219138, partial right radius in lateral view; D, UCMP 219138 in medial view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538223/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ŋese specimens are too small to represent an odobenid, and also lack the well developed bony ridges and processes on the distal end associated with extensor tendons, which typify odobenid radii. Ridges on the lateral side of the radius are also typical for many extant otariids as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC1864C266C7A2EFE2A3D5C" authorityName="Repenning & Tedford" authorityYear="1977" box="[299,433,1611,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Thalassoleon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C266C7A2EFE2A3D5C" box="[299,433,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">T. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFC1864C26FA7A2FFF403DBC" author="REPENNING C. A. & TEDFORD R. H." pageId="17" pageNumber="832" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref74735" refString="REPENNING C. A. & TEDFORD R. H. 1977. - Otarioid seals of the Neogene. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 992: 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1977">Repenning & Tedford 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Deméré & Berta 2005). UCMP 219138 and 219139 differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC1864C26207AEFFE703D9B" authorityName="Repenning & Tedford" authorityYear="1977" box="[359,491,1674,1699]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Thalassoleon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C26207AEFFE703D9B" box="[359,491,1674,1699]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">T. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC1864C26B17AEFFDE43D9B" baseAuthorityName="Demere & Berta" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[502,639,1673,1699]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Thunnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macnallyae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C26B17AEFFDE43D9B" box="[502,639,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">T. macnallyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC1864C25967875FCDD3F11" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1866" box="[721,838,1040,1065]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Eumetopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C25967875FCDD3F11" box="[721,838,1040,1065]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">Eumetopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a more proximally placed pronator teres process, and their much smaller size. Extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC1864C25B7782AFCFC3F51" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1859" box="[752,871,1103,1129]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C25B7782AFCFC3F51" box="[752,871,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">Callorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC1864C24DE782AFB923F51" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1866" box="[921,1033,1103,1129]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Arctophoca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C24DE782AFB923F51" box="[921,1033,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">Arctophoca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibit pronator teres processes that are more proximally positioned than in UCMP 219138; the pronator teres process is positioned similarly in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC1864C248678CBFBBA3FF0" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1866" box="[961,1057,1198,1224]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Zalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C248678CBFBBA3FF0" box="[961,1057,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">Zalophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Ŋese specimens compare best with fossil radii of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC1864C230278ABFB213FDF" authorityName="Berta & Demere" authorityYear="1986" box="[1093,1210,1229,1256]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilmorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C230278ABFB213FDF" box="[1093,1210,1229,1256]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">C. gilmorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i.e. SDNHM 25549, 35268) in their size and the proximal position of the pronator teres process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFC1864F25FC7948FC153D3D" blockId="17.[674,1212,1039,1700]" lastBlockId="18.[675,1211,1261,1700]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="833" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">
|
||
Ŋe astragalus is relatively small (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFC1864C23577948FB1B3E7F" box="[1040,1152,1325,1351]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[112,123,1128,1146]" captionTargetBox="[121,1202,212,1082]" captionTargetId="figure-297@18.[579,946,616,996]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Tarsal elements of Callorhinus sp., cf. C. gilmorei: A, UCMP 219122, right calcaneum in dorsal view; B, UCMP 219122 in plantar view; C, UCMP 219122 in medial view; D, UCMP 219149, left astragalus in dorsal view; E, UCMP 219149 in plantar view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538225/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">Fig. 9D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), and too small to represent an odobenid or a sea lion (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC1864C25E97909FC813EBF" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[686,794,1388,1415]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Otariinae">Otariinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but approximately the same size and nearly identical to extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC1864C24E079E9FB873E9E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1859" box="[935,1052,1420,1446]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C24E079E9FB873E9E" box="[935,1052,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">Callorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Ŋis specimen differs from the otariine
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC1864C24E979C9FBBE3EFD" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1866" box="[942,1061,1452,1477]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Eumetopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C24E979C9FBBE3EFD" box="[942,1061,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">Eumetopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its smaller size, having a relatively larger calcaneo-astragalar facet, a more circular sustentacular facet, a transversely narrower head, a smaller medial process, and tibial trochleae that are more medially rotated. Ŋis specimen differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC1864C248F7A2FFBBD3D5C" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1866" box="[968,1062,1610,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Zalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="17" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC1864C248F7A2FFBBD3D5C" box="[968,1062,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="832">Zalophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its slightly smaller size, a smaller and more convex navicular facet, lacking a medial spur off the head, more equally sized medial and lateral processes, and a larger calcaneo-astragalar facet. UCMP 219149 differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC2864F26457948FE143E7E" authorityName="Repenning & Tedford" authorityYear="1977" box="[258,399,1325,1350]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Thalassoleon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="833" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC2864F26457948FE143E7E" box="[258,399,1325,1350]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="833">T. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a narrower neck, smaller head, and in lacking a distinct anterior extension of the dorsal articular surface onto the neck of the astragalus. It compares relatively well with UCMP 219482, a recently collected disarticulated hindlimb of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC2864F26D379A9FDBA3EDD" baseAuthorityName="Demere & Berta" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[404,545,1483,1509]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Thunnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="833" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macnallyae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC2864F26D379A9FDBA3EDD" box="[404,545,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="833">T. macnallyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Purisima Formation near Santa Cruz, but differs in having a wider neck, narrower astragalar sulcus, larger lateral and medial processes; it also differs from UCMP
|
||
<quantity id="4CB6C19AFFC2864F27827A2FFEAF3D5C" box="[197,308,1610,1636]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5748428" pageId="18" pageNumber="833" unit="in" value="219482.0">219482 in</quantity>
|
||
lacking an anterior extension of the dorsal articular surface. Ŋe lack of an anterior extension of the dorsal articular surface precludes UCMP 21949 from referral to
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC2864F234C7888FB143E3F" box="[1035,1167,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="833">hvalassoleon</emphasis>
|
||
; an isolated astragalus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC2864F24C57968FC6B3E1F" authorityName="Berta & Demere" authorityYear="1986" box="[898,1008,1293,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="833" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilmorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC2864F24C57968FC6B3E1F" box="[898,1008,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="833">C.gilmorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SDNHM 25570) from the San Diego Formation is similarly small, lacks an anterior extension of the dorsal articular surface, and does not appreciably differ from the Purisima specimen. Ŋe preclusion of referral to
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC2864F25E179CEFCBD3EFD" box="[678,806,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="833">hvalassoleon</emphasis>
|
||
or any extant otariid, small size, and similarity with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC2864F240C79AEFC5B3EDD" authorityName="Berta & Demere" authorityYear="1986" box="[843,960,1483,1509]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="833" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilmorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC2864F240C79AEFC5B3EDD" box="[843,960,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="833">C. gilmorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC2864F24BE79AEFBFF3EDD" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1017,1124,1483,1509]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="833" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC2864F24BE79AEFBFF3EDD" box="[1017,1124,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="833">C. ursinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggest referral to the former.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF313CF7FFC2864F2737780DFF603F90" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538225" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4538225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538225/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="833" startId="18.[112,123,1128,1146]" targetBox="[121,1202,212,1082]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFC2864F2737780DFF603F90" blockId="18.[112,1211,1128,1192]" pageId="18" pageNumber="833">
|
||
FIG. 9. — Tarsal elements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC2864F2626780DFE253F42" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1859" box="[353,446,1128,1146]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="833" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC2864F2626780DFE253F42" box="[353,446,1128,1146]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="833">Callorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC2864F2544780DFDC53F42" authorityName="Berta & Demere" authorityYear="1986" box="[515,606,1128,1146]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="833" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilmorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC2864F2544780DFDC53F42" box="[515,606,1128,1146]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="833">C. gilmorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC2864F252F780DFDEE3F42" bold="true" box="[616,629,1128,1146]" pageId="18" pageNumber="833">A</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 219122, right calcaneum in dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC2864F2356780DFB853F42" bold="true" box="[1041,1054,1128,1146]" pageId="18" pageNumber="833">B</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 219122 in plantar view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC2864F27A4781AFF6A3FA9" bold="true" box="[227,241,1151,1169]" pageId="18" pageNumber="833">C</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 219122 in medial view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC2864F2544781AFD8A3FA9" bold="true" box="[515,529,1151,1169]" pageId="18" pageNumber="833">D</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 219149, left astragalus in dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC2864F24E7781AFC373FA9" bold="true" box="[928,940,1151,1169]" pageId="18" pageNumber="833">E</emphasis>
|
||
, UCMP 219149 in plantar view. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFC2864E25FC7A6EFE4B3F71" blockId="18.[675,1211,1261,1700]" lastBlockId="19.[111,648,216,1097]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="834" pageId="18" pageNumber="833">
|
||
Ŋe calcaneum differs from odobenids in its tiny size and lack of a medial tuber of the calcaneal process, while it differs from phocid calcanea in being transversely broader and having large cuboid and calcaneo-astragalar facets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFC2864F24A17AECFBCD3D9C" box="[998,1110,1673,1700]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[112,123,1128,1146]" captionTargetBox="[121,1202,212,1082]" captionTargetId="figure-297@18.[579,946,616,996]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Tarsal elements of Callorhinus sp., cf. C. gilmorei: A, UCMP 219122, right calcaneum in dorsal view; B, UCMP 219122 in plantar view; C, UCMP 219122 in medial view; D, UCMP 219149, left astragalus in dorsal view; E, UCMP 219149 in plantar view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538225/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="833">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). UCMP 219122 differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC3864E260C7CBCFE543BCA" authorityName="Repenning & Tedford" authorityYear="1977" box="[331,463,217,242]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Thalassoleon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC3864E260C7CBCFE543BCA" box="[331,463,217,242]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="834">T. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a slight sustentacular shelf (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137570FAFFC3864E26067C92FE0D3A2A" box="[321,406,247,274]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[112,123,1128,1146]" captionTargetBox="[121,1202,212,1082]" captionTargetId="figure-297@18.[579,946,616,996]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 9. — Tarsal elements of Callorhinus sp., cf. C. gilmorei: A, UCMP 219122, right calcaneum in dorsal view; B, UCMP 219122 in plantar view; C, UCMP 219122 in medial view; D, UCMP 219149, left astragalus in dorsal view; E, UCMP 219149 in plantar view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4538225" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4538225/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="834">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
; completely lacking in
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC3864E27367D72FF6B3A09" box="[113,240,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="834">hvalassoleon</emphasis>
|
||
spp., and present in all extant otariids;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFC3864E27377D52FEE53A69" author="ROBINETTE H. R. & STAINS H. J." box="[112,382,311,337]" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" pagination="527 - 541" refId="ref74892" refString="ROBINETTE H. R. & STAINS H. J. 1970. - Comparative study of the calcanea of the Pinnipedia. Journal of Mammalogy 51 (3): 527 - 541." type="journal article" year="1970">Robinette & Stains 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Deméré & Berta 2005), and a shorter calcaneo-astragalar facet.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC3864E26B97D32FDEA3A48" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1866" box="[510,625,343,368]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Eumetopias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC3864E26B97D32FDEA3A48" box="[510,625,343,368]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="834">Eumetopias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much larger, exhibits a wider secondary sustentacular shelf, a narrower neck, and a smaller cuboid facet than UCMP 219122 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFC3864E26227DD0FDE13AE8" author="ROBINETTE H. R. & STAINS H. J." box="[357,634,437,464]" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" pagination="527 - 541" refId="ref74892" refString="ROBINETTE H. R. & STAINS H. J. 1970. - Comparative study of the calcanea of the Pinnipedia. Journal of Mammalogy 51 (3): 527 - 541." type="journal article" year="1970">Robinette & Stains 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC3864E27357DB0FF563AD7" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1866" box="[114,205,469,495]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Zalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC3864E27357DB0FF563AD7" box="[114,205,469,495]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="834">Zalophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a slightly wider secondary sustentacular shelf, a longer calcaneo-astragalar facet, and a more robust calcaneal process than the fossil (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFC3864E25477E70FF6F3976" author="ROBINETTE H. R. & STAINS H. J." pageId="19" pageNumber="834" pagination="527 - 541" refId="ref74892" refString="ROBINETTE H. R. & STAINS H. J. 1970. - Comparative study of the calcanea of the Pinnipedia. Journal of Mammalogy 51 (3): 527 - 541." type="journal article" year="1970">Robinette & Stains 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC3864E26407E50FED63977" authorityName="Peron" authorityYear="1816" box="[263,333,565,591]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Otaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC3864E26407E50FED63977" box="[263,333,565,591]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="834">Otaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from UCMP
|
||
<quantity id="4CB6C19AFFC3864E25757E51FF1C3956" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5656988" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" unit="in" value="219122.0">219122 in</quantity>
|
||
having a bilobate calcaneo-astragalar facet, a narrower secondary sustentacular facet, and a broader neck (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFC3864E27F47EF6FE553995" author="ROBINETTE H. R. & STAINS H. J." box="[179,462,659,685]" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" pagination="527 - 541" refId="ref74892" refString="ROBINETTE H. R. & STAINS H. J. 1970. - Comparative study of the calcanea of the Pinnipedia. Journal of Mammalogy 51 (3): 527 - 541." type="journal article" year="1970">Robinette & Stains 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC3864E26A47EF6FDCE3995" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1866" box="[483,597,659,685]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Arctophoca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC3864E26A47EF6FDCE3995" box="[483,597,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="834">Arctophoca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC3864E27367ED6FF6639F5" box="[113,253,691,717]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Arctocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC3864E27367ED6FF6639F5" box="[113,253,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="834">Arctocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have similar proportions to UCMP 219122, but have a smaller cuboid facet, and like all other extant otariids, have a wider secondary sustentacular facet (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFC3864E26127F77FDE23814" author="ROBINETTE H. R. & STAINS H. J." box="[341,633,786,812]" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" pagination="527 - 541" refId="ref74892" refString="ROBINETTE H. R. & STAINS H. J. 1970. - Comparative study of the calcanea of the Pinnipedia. Journal of Mammalogy 51 (3): 527 - 541." type="journal article" year="1970">Robinette & Stains 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Ŋis specimen differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC3864E26DC7F57FD9D3874" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[411,518,818,844]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC3864E26DC7F57FD9D3874" box="[411,518,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="834">C. ursinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a more robust calcaneal process, a smaller secondary sustentacular shelf, and a shorter calcaneo-astragalar facet that does not extend as far proximally. UCMP 219122 shares with an isolated calcaneum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC3864E25037FD4FF3038D2" authorityName="Berta & Demere" authorityYear="1986" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilmorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC3864E25037FD4FF3038D2" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="834">C. gilmorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the San Diego Formation (SDNHM 65334) a secondary sustentacular shelf that is narrow, posteriorly tapering, and groove-like, to the exclusion of other fossil otariids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFC3864E2736780AFF4E3FBF" blockId="19.[112,649,1135,1700]" box="[113,213,1135,1161]" pageId="19" pageNumber="834">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF16C7FFFC3864E273678EBFB9B3834" blockId="19.[112,649,1135,1700]" lastBlockId="19.[675,1212,216,781]" pageId="19" pageNumber="834">
|
||
Ŋese isolated bones and teeth consistently exhibit features that are more derived than the fossil otariids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC3864E27D278ABFE803FDF" authorityName="Repenning & Tedford" authorityYear="1977" box="[149,283,1230,1255]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Thalassoleon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC3864E27D278ABFE803FDF" box="[149,283,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="834">T. mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC3864E260878ABFE463FDF" baseAuthorityName="Demere & Berta" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[335,477,1229,1255]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Thunnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macnallyae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC3864E260878ABFE463FDF" box="[335,477,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="834">T. macnallyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but are slightly plesiomorphic relative to extant otariids. Several features preclude referral to
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC3864E26EF7968FDB33E1F" box="[424,552,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="834">hvalassoleon</emphasis>
|
||
, including the morphology of the radius, astragalus, and calcaneum. Additionally, all specimens are nearly identical in size and morphology to corresponding elements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC3864E266479E9FE023E9E" authorityName="Berta & Demere" authorityYear="1986" box="[291,409,1420,1446]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilmorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC3864E266479E9FE023E9E" box="[291,409,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="834">C. gilmorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from the San Diego Formation) and nearly identical in morphology to the extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC3864E264679AEFEF03EDD" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[257,363,1483,1509]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC3864E264679AEFEF03EDD" box="[257,363,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="834">C. ursinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which is somewhat larger than the Purisima Formation fossils), suggesting identification as the former. In summary, these specimens possess features – among fossil otariids from the eastern North Pacific – which are known only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC3864E27867A0FFEAF3DBB" authorityName="Berta & Demere" authorityYear="1986" box="[193,308,1641,1668]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilmorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC3864E27867A0FFEAF3DBB" box="[193,308,1641,1668]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="834">C. gilmorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, some specimens preserve features characteristic of the family only, and this collection of isolated elements is only tentatively identified as this taxon.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC3864E24A17C92FB213A29" authorityName="Berta & Demere" authorityYear="1986" box="[998,1210,247,273]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilmorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC3864E24A17C92FB213A29" box="[998,1210,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="834">Callorhinus gilmorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described from the Pliocene San Diego Formation of southern California and Baja California (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFC3864E24657D32FB843A49" author="BERTA A. & DEMERE T. A." box="[802,1055,342,369]" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" pagination="111 - 126" refId="ref65469" refString="BERTA A. & DEMERE T. A. 1986. - Callorhinus gilmorei n. sp., (Carnivora: Otariidae) from the San Diego Formation (Blancan) and its implications for otariid phylogeny. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 21 (7): 111 - 126." type="journal article" year="1986">Berta & Deméré 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and has also been reported from the Upper Pliocene Rio Dell Formation of Northern California (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFC3864E236D7DF3FD703AE8" author="BOESSENECKER R. W." pageId="19" pageNumber="834" pagination="454 - 467" refId="ref66433" refString="BOESSENECKER R. W. 2011 c. - New records of the fur seal Callorhinus (Carnivora: Otariidae) from the Plio-Pleistocene Rio Dell Formation of Northern California and comments on otariid dental evolution. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31: 454 - 467." type="journal article" year="2011">Boessenecker 2011c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the Upper Pliocene of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3592CEFFFC3864E23497DD3FBD23AE8" box="[1038,1097,438,464]" name="Japan" pageId="19" pageNumber="834">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFC3864E23127DD0FCF63AD7" author="KOHNO N. & YANAGISAWA Y." pageId="19" pageNumber="834" pagination="119 - 130" refId="ref70976" refString="KOHNO N. & YANAGISAWA Y. 1997. - Ne first record of the Pliocene Gilmore fur seal in the Western North Pacific Ocean. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo 23: 119 - 130." type="journal article" year="1997">Kohno & Yanagisawa 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Ŋese tentatively identified specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E17FCFFC3864E247C7D90FC2A3937" authorityName="Berta & Demere" authorityYear="1986" box="[827,945,501,527]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Callorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilmorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AB06DFFC3864E247C7D90FC2A3937" box="[827,945,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="834">C. gilmorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
now record this fur seal from the Pliocene of central California as hypothesized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFC3864E244C7E51FC6C3976" author="BOESSENECKER R. W." box="[779,1015,564,590]" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" pagination="454 - 467" refId="ref66433" refString="BOESSENECKER R. W. 2011 c. - New records of the fur seal Callorhinus (Carnivora: Otariidae) from the Plio-Pleistocene Rio Dell Formation of Northern California and comments on otariid dental evolution. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31: 454 - 467." type="journal article" year="2011">Boessenecker (2011c)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, suggesting that it inhabited most of the California coastline during the Pliocene in addition to Southern California and Baja California (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFC3864E24CD7EF6FB1A3996" author="BERTA A. & DEMERE T. A." box="[906,1153,659,686]" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" pagination="111 - 126" refId="ref65469" refString="BERTA A. & DEMERE T. A. 1986. - Callorhinus gilmorei n. sp., (Carnivora: Otariidae) from the San Diego Formation (Blancan) and its implications for otariid phylogeny. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 21 (7): 111 - 126." type="journal article" year="1986">Berta & Deméré 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Northern California (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF118EFFC3864E24D07ED6FBE039F5" author="BOESSENECKER R. W." box="[919,1147,691,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="834" pagination="454 - 467" refId="ref66433" refString="BOESSENECKER R. W. 2011 c. - New records of the fur seal Callorhinus (Carnivora: Otariidae) from the Plio-Pleistocene Rio Dell Formation of Northern California and comments on otariid dental evolution. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31: 454 - 467." type="journal article" year="2011">Boessenecker 2011c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and document the presence of at least two pinnipeds in the San Gregorio assemblage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |