441 lines
53 KiB
XML
441 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document id="C2AD70C5E132CBE75EB296AE90D827A8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3893.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="88264cca-af41-4906-ade0-1e7cae1447c5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="230449" ID-ZooBank="BA1E5A6D-FB15-47BD-BDFA-F661689CAC2C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460992029785" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sankaran, Pradeep M., Jobi, Malamel J., Joseph, Mathew M. & Sebastian, Pothalil A." docDate="2014" docId="03E0522EFFC9250422F9FACAFB03FC7C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03893p126.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3893 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hermippus gavi Sankaran, Jobi, Joseph & Sebastian, 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="124" masterDocId="FFD92A56FFCE250E226EFF8CFFBFFF90" masterDocTitle="On the genus Hermippus Simon, 1893 (Araneae: Zodariidae, Zodariinae) in India with the description of three new species from the Western Ghats and proposing a new biogeographical hypothesis for the distribution of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="114" pageNumber="121" updateTime="1698561789577" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="9225E14C874A1DA82055070459248C02" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5302D87ED663E358DF954A76F122AA55">
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<mods:title id="77B8FB0220B6F5397C60F5CB7AE1E9D4">On the genus Hermippus Simon, 1893 (Araneae: Zodariidae, Zodariinae) in India with the description of three new species from the Western Ghats and proposing a new biogeographical hypothesis for the distribution of the genus</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E78EDCA47E5D521EC23BCCA3DDE28A77" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A3257CEC96DE50B1F8FA32986BFE2EB3">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B0EC6649F6E642D70211EA8FFF74D99E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="58A338B0867FC3F11247594CEFF53366">Sankaran, Pradeep M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="A0874F67466EA5256BFD3E015BA59523">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D05CD5BEB785C41F0B7E00666FF8CA0A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5E1450489A30A2D53E3929E5C1F6F12F">Jobi, Malamel J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="E3155463286135804E81A2E3050859C7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CAC2CD9BE1FBDFE31EEB0E762468C27C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DBA0F1873D0E299E035D4F308BAF6E74">Joseph, Mathew M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="51E7BD723D412BBE1CD2CAE541907A07" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="77D42E5C7407D4E0413CA87A60C2212A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8BF2068CFBB53CE69A295C2D5070DD64">Sebastian, Pothalil A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="36A528C9CFE6813482C539D7098CD8F4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="86346DFBDA95BA15126C898B56209031">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AB883C23992CE76AB845C5AB1E844798">
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<mods:date id="5941B7C450747D1E6F7BBCDE563A5A12">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="FA22A5982A39D2CE4CF6B69CF690F497" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="307F6E1FE76A0452C254F8E2145D231C">3893</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="C0D92D8D41642B0D226B607505C6183A" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="6F6D9BE538F28CA847B787D1440DA27A">1</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="AF9511D1CC072E21C6C4AAF135BC49B2">126</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="28209824C6F48952A6BDED26B045B5E2">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E980EF1897C2E9EAA9480AFD9BD8B07F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3893.1.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A91E03D36878E3362BA1F007F849C3B8" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E0522EFFC9250422F9FACAFB03FC7C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6144827" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119596764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6144827" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E0522EFFC9250422F9FACAFB03FC7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E0522EFFC9250422F9FACAFB03FC7C" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="7" pageNumber="121">
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<subSubSection id="C353B0B3FFC9250922F9FACAFE02FAF0" box="[151,445,1350,1376]" pageId="7" pageNumber="121" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF6E338FFC9250922F9FACAFE02FAF0" blockId="7.[151,445,1350,1376]" box="[151,445,1350,1376]" pageId="7" pageNumber="121">
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<heading id="D0BE5454FFC9250922F9FACAFE02FAF0" bold="true" box="[151,445,1350,1376]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="121" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC9250922F9FACAFE02FAF0" bold="true" box="[151,445,1350,1376]" pageId="7" pageNumber="121">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC9250922F9FACAFEE7FAF0" ID-CoL="3L2B9" box="[151,344,1350,1376]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gavi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC9250922F9FACAFEE7FAF0" bold="true" box="[151,344,1350,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="121">Hermippus gavi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E8251FFC925092331FACAFE02FAF0" box="[351,445,1350,1376]" pageId="7" pageNumber="121" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C353B0B3FFC9250922F9FA02FC49FA5E" pageId="7" pageNumber="121" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF6E338FFC9250922F9FA02FC49FA5E" blockId="7.[151,1437,1419,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC9250922F9FA02FEF4FA37" bold="true" box="[151,331,1422,1447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="121">
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<typeStatus id="54F25D9AFFC9250922F9FA02FF6DFA37" box="[151,210,1422,1447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="121">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54F25D9AFFC925092337FA02FE79FA37" box="[345,454,1422,1447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="121" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: Female (
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<collectionCode id="ED587BFDFFC925092050FA03FD31FA37" box="[574,654,1423,1447]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7csr-pk9c" name="Arachnology Division, Sacred Heart College" pageId="7" pageNumber="121">ADSH</collectionCode>
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10901303):
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<collectingCountry id="F35EA3A8FFC925092175FA02FCE8FA37" box="[795,855,1422,1447]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="121">India</collectingCountry>
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, Kerala, Pathanamthitta,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC9250926EAFA02FB05FA37" box="[1156,1210,1422,1447]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gavi" status="sp. nov.">Gavi</taxonomicName>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7D85FFFFC9250926BFFA03FAD9FA37" box="[1233,1382,1419,1447]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="121" precision="1" value="9.435853">9o26'09.07''N</geoCoordinate>
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and
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7D85FFFFC9250922F9FA3AFE86FA5E" box="[151,313,1458,1486]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="121" precision="1" value="77.16577">77o09'56.78''E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<quantity id="4CB14EDDFFC925092323FA3AFE1EFA5E" box="[333,417,1461,1486]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2015216" pageId="7" pageNumber="121" unit="ft" value="3942.0">3942 ft</quantity>
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. alt., Pradeep M. S. leg.
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<date id="FFF7C5F8FFC9250920DCFA3AFC35FA5E" box="[690,906,1461,1486]" pageId="7" pageNumber="121" value="2013-12-21">21 December 2013</date>
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, by hand.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C353B0B3FFC9250922A9FA55FC96F9AA" pageId="7" pageNumber="121" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF6E338FFC9250922A9FA55FC96F9AA" blockId="7.[151,1437,1419,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC9250922A9FA55FEFEFA62" bold="true" box="[199,321,1497,1522]" pageId="7" pageNumber="121">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Females of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC9250923A0FA56FD9EFA61" box="[462,545,1498,1521]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gavi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC9250923A0FA56FD9EFA61" box="[462,545,1498,1521]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="121">H. gavi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E8251FFC925092047FA55FD3BFA62" box="[553,644,1497,1522]" pageId="7" pageNumber="121" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC925092047FA55FD3BFA62" bold="true" box="[553,644,1497,1522]" pageId="7" pageNumber="121">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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can be recognized by the presence of highly sclerotized epigyne with ‘W’ shaped median septum (Figs 15a & 17a), the oval, obliquely placed spermathecae (
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<figureCitation id="1372FFBDFFC9250926A2FA71FAA2F986" box="[1228,1309,1533,1558]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 a – 17 b" captionStartId="9.[151,264,645,667]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,199,617]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1437,193,624]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 17 a – 17 b. Hermippus gavi sp. nov. Female copulatory organ. 17 a Epigyne; 17 b Internal duct system. CO = Copulatory opening; FD = Fertilization duct; MS = Median septum; PB = Posterior border line of the epigyne; SH = Spermathecal head. Scale bars: 17 a, 0.16 mm; 17 b, 0.15 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230457/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="121">Fig 17</figureCitation>
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b) and the characteristic dorsal opisthosomal pattern (
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<figureCitation id="1372FFBDFFC925092016F9ADFD66F9AA" box="[632,729,1569,1594]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 a – 14 d, 15 a – 15 b & 16" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[200,1384,708,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[186,1396,697,1863]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 14 a – 14 d, 15 a – 15 b & 16. Hermippus gavi sp. nov. 14 a Female (holotype) habitus, dorsal view; 14 b Female habitus, ventral view; 14 c Female habitus, retrolateral view; 14 d Female, frontal view. 15 a Epigyne; 15 b Internal duct system. 16 Posterior ventral spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230456/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="121">Figs 14a</figureCitation>
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& 20).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C353B0B3FFC9250622A9F9C9FE3FFDAD" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="122" pageId="7" pageNumber="121" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF6E338FFC9250922A9F9C9FA22F87A" blockId="7.[151,1437,1419,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC9250922A9F9C9FEE6F9CE" bold="true" box="[199,345,1605,1630]" pageId="7" pageNumber="121">Description.</emphasis>
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FEMALE (
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<figureCitation id="1372FFBDFFC925092387F9C9FDC4F9CE" box="[489,635,1605,1630]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 a – 14 d, 15 a – 15 b & 16" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[200,1384,708,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[186,1396,697,1863]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 14 a – 14 d, 15 a – 15 b & 16. Hermippus gavi sp. nov. 14 a Female (holotype) habitus, dorsal view; 14 b Female habitus, ventral view; 14 c Female habitus, retrolateral view; 14 d Female, frontal view. 15 a Epigyne; 15 b Internal duct system. 16 Posterior ventral spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230456/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="121">Figs 14a–14</figureCitation>
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d, 16 & 20): Carapace uniform coquelicot, shiny, finely granulated, almost glabrous. Fovea longitudinal, reddish. Eyefield black. Clypeus black, finely granulated. Chilum triangular, wider than long, dark brown. Chelicerae black, promargin with two teeth, while retromargin without teeth or denticles. Labium and maxillae light brown; maxillae scopulated. Sternum yellowish-orange, posterior tip short, sharp, with poorly defined inter-coxal extensions. Opisthosoma oval, hairy, dorso-laterally black; dorsum provided with a characteristic pattern of chalk-white patches (
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<figureCitation id="1372FFBDFFC925092172F975FC39F882" box="[796,902,1785,1810]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 a – 14 d, 15 a – 15 b & 16" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[200,1384,708,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[186,1396,697,1863]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 14 a – 14 d, 15 a – 15 b & 16. Hermippus gavi sp. nov. 14 a Female (holotype) habitus, dorsal view; 14 b Female habitus, ventral view; 14 c Female habitus, retrolateral view; 14 d Female, frontal view. 15 a Epigyne; 15 b Internal duct system. 16 Posterior ventral spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230456/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="121">Figs 14a</figureCitation>
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& 20); lateral opisthosoma with a narrow, longitudinal, roughly zig-zag chalk-white stripe; venter grayish with a few chalk-white stripes. Spinnerets yellowish; spigots big and conspicuous (Fig 20). Posterior ventral spines present, arranged in two rows (Fig 16). Legs yellowish-orange; tarsi rebordered, with 4–7 short spines. Palpal segments yellowish-orange with dark brown tarsus. Body length 7.21. Prosoma length 3.48, prosoma width (at the middle) 2.73, prosoma thickness (at the middle) 2.04. Opisthosoma length 3.73, opisthosoma width (at the middle) 2.82, opisthosoma thickness (at the middle) 2.62. Eyes diameter: AME 0.16. ALE 0.22. PME 0.15. PLE 0.22. Eye interdistance: AME–AME 0.10.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF6E338FFC6250622F9FF14FE19FD88" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="122">
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PME–PME 0.25. AME–ALE 0.37. PME–PLE 0.50. AME–PME 0.16. ALE–PLE 0.08. Clypeus height at AMEs 0.76, at ALEs 0.56. Chilum length 0.17, width 0.42. Chelicera length 1.11. Measurements of palp and legs. Palp 2.54 [0.78, 0.51, 0.46, 0.79], I 8.72 [2.36, 1.01, 1.91, 2.02, 1.42], II 8.79 [2.43, 1.04, 1.85, 2.12, 1.35], III 8.47 [2.34, 1.02, 1.71, 2.24, 1.16], IV 10.04 [2.49, 1.05, 2.01, 2.96, 1.53]. Leg formula: 4213. Spination. Palp. femur 0 200, patella 1010, tibia 3213, tarsus 4054; legs: femora
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<date id="FFF7C5F8FFC62506217DFEA4FCC0FED0" box="[787,895,296,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="122" value="1300-01" valueMax="1300-02-31" valueMin="1300-01-00">I–II 1300</date>
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, III–IV 0500; patella I 0 0 0 0,
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<date id="FFF7C5F8FFC6250626A8FEA4FAF8FED0" box="[1222,1351,296,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="122" value="1000-02" valueMax="1000-04-31" valueMin="1000-02-00">II–IV 1000</date>
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; Tibia
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<date id="FFF7C5F8FFC6250627FDFEA4FF6DFEF5" pageId="8" pageNumber="122" value="1006-01">I 1006</date>
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,
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<date id="FFF7C5F8FFC62506228EFEC1FE87FEF5" box="[224,312,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="122" value="2016-02">II 2016</date>
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,
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<date id="FFF7C5F8FFC625062328FEC1FE6CFEF5" box="[326,467,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="122" value="2136-03" valueMax="2136-04-31" valueMin="2136-03-00">III–IV 2136</date>
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; metatarsus
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<date id="FFF7C5F8FFC62506200AFEC1FD0DFEF5" box="[612,690,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="122" value="1016-01">I 1016</date>
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,
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<date id="FFF7C5F8FFC6250620AEFEC1FCA7FEF4" box="[704,792,332,356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="122" value="1017-02">II 1017</date>
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, III 4044, IV 4048; Tarsi I–II 0 0 0 4, III 0 0 0 7, IV 0 0 0 6. Copulatory organ (Figs 15a, 15b, 17a & 17b): Epigyne simple and nearly rectangular (Figs 15a & 17a). Posterior border line of the epigyne thick with a median concavity (Figs 15a & 17a). Median septum W–shaped, highly sclerotized (Figs 15a & 17a). Spermathecae oval, obliquely placed, without definite copulatory duct or head (Figs 15b & 17b). Fertilization duct with a sharp proximal bent, lies in close contact with the proximo-lateral part of spermathecae (
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<figureCitation id="1372FFBDFFC625062350FE73FE36FD88" box="[318,393,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 a – 17 b" captionStartId="9.[151,264,645,667]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,199,617]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1437,193,624]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 17 a – 17 b. Hermippus gavi sp. nov. Female copulatory organ. 17 a Epigyne; 17 b Internal duct system. CO = Copulatory opening; FD = Fertilization duct; MS = Median septum; PB = Posterior border line of the epigyne; SH = Spermathecal head. Scale bars: 17 a, 0.16 mm; 17 b, 0.15 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230457/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="122">Fig 17</figureCitation>
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b).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF6E338FFC6250622A9FDA8FE3FFDAD" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,645]" box="[199,384,548,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="122">
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<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC6250622A9FDA8FEB4FDAD" bold="true" box="[199,267,548,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="122">Male.</emphasis>
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Unknown
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C353B0B3FFC6250722A9FDCBFC1CF9D6" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="8" pageNumber="122" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BF6E338FFC6250622A9FDCBFED6FD15" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC6250622A9FDCBFEF1FDF0" bold="true" box="[199,334,583,608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="122">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet is a noun in apposition and is referring to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F25D9AFFC625062630FDC4FB31FDF0" box="[1118,1166,584,608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="122">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of the species. Gender masculine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF36B3B0FFC6250622F9F8FDFE33F854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230456/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="122" targetBox="[200,1384,708,1856]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6E338FFC6250622F9F8FDFE33F854" blockId="8.[151,1436,1905,1988]" pageId="8" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC6250622F9F8FDFDB2F817" bold="true" box="[151,525,1905,1927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="122">FIGURES 14a–14d, 15a–15b & 16.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC62506207DF8FEFD0AF817" box="[531,693,1906,1927]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gavi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC62506207DF8FEFD0AF817" box="[531,693,1906,1927]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="122">Hermippus gavi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC6250620D4F8FDFCB5F817" bold="true" box="[698,778,1905,1927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E8251FFC6250620D4F8FDFCB5F817" box="[698,778,1905,1927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="122" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
14a Female (holotype) habitus, dorsal view; 14b Female habitus, ventral view; 14c Female habitus, retrolateral view; 14d Female, frontal view. 15a Epigyne; 15b Internal duct system. 16 Posterior ventral spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF36B3B0FFC7250722F9FD09FCBBFD49" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230457/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" targetBox="[160,1429,199,617]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6E338FFC7250722F9FD09FCBBFD49" blockId="9.[151,1436,645,729]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC7250722F9FD09FECCFD0B" bold="true" box="[151,371,645,667]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">FIGURES 17a–17b.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC725072311FD0BFD99FD0C" box="[383,550,647,668]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gavi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC725072311FD0BFD99FD0C" box="[383,550,647,668]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">Hermippus gavi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC72507205CFD09FD37FD0B" bold="true" box="[562,648,645,667]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E8251FFC72507205CFD09FD37FD0B" box="[562,648,645,667]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Female copulatory organ. 17a Epigyne; 17b Internal duct system. CO = Copulatory opening; FD = Fertilization duct; MS = Median septum; PB = Posterior border line of the epigyne; SH = Spermathecal head. Scale bars: 17a, 0.16 mm; 17b, 0.15 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF36B3B0FFC7250722F9FA40FB2DF991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230458/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" targetBox="[195,1390,789,1455]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6E338FFC7250722F9FA40FB2DF991" blockId="9.[151,1436,1484,1537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC7250722F9FA40FE29FA72" bold="true" box="[151,406,1484,1506]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">FIGURES 18, 19 & 20.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC7250723F0FA41FDB0FA72" box="[414,527,1485,1506]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC7250723F0FA41FDB0FA72" box="[414,527,1485,1506]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">Hermippus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., Female opisthosoma showing the characteristic dorsal pattern. 18
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC725072695FA41FAC9FA72" box="[1275,1398,1484,1506]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC725072695FA41FAC9FA72" box="[1275,1398,1484,1506]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">H. globosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC725072713FA40FF7CF991" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E8251FFC725072713FA40FF7CF991" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
19
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC725072287FA60FEE8F991" box="[233,343,1515,1537]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inflexus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC725072287FA60FEE8F991" box="[233,343,1515,1537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">H. inflexus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC725072333FA67FE11F991" bold="true" box="[349,430,1515,1537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E8251FFC725072333FA67FE11F991" box="[349,430,1515,1537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
20
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC7250723BAFA60FDA0F991" box="[468,543,1516,1537]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gavi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC7250723BAFA60FDA0F991" box="[468,543,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">H. gavi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC72507204BFA67FDCAF991" bold="true" box="[549,629,1515,1537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E8251FFC72507204BFA67FDCAF991" box="[549,629,1515,1537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Scale bars: 18, 0.47 mm; 19, 0.48 mm; 20, 0.53 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6E338FFC7250722A9F9A1FC1CF9D6" blockId="9.[151,1436,1581,2038]" box="[199,931,1581,1606]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC7250722A9F9A1FE3AF9D6" bold="true" box="[199,389,1581,1606]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC7250723E2F9A2FE61F9D5" box="[396,478,1582,1605]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gavi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC7250723E2F9A2FE61F9D5" box="[396,478,1582,1605]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">H. gavi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC72507238BF9A1FD81F9D6" bold="true" box="[485,574,1581,1606]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E8251FFC72507238BF9A1FD81F9D6" box="[485,574,1581,1606]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
inhabits semi-deciduous forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C353B0B3FFC7250722A9F9DDFA90F96A" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6E338FFC7250722A9F9DDFB36F9FA" blockId="9.[151,1436,1581,2038]" box="[199,1161,1617,1642]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC7250722A9F9DDFEDFF9FA" bold="true" box="[199,352,1617,1642]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
At present known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F25D9AFFC7250720BBF9DEFCBAF9FA" box="[725,773,1618,1642]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in Kerala, Southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35EA3A8FFC725072626F9DDFB3AF9FA" box="[1096,1157,1617,1642]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6E338FFC7250722A9F9F9FA90F96A" blockId="9.[151,1436,1581,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC7250722A9F9F9FEB9F91E" bold="true" box="[199,262,1653,1678]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">Note.</emphasis>
|
||
All the described Oriental
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC725072053F9FAFD05F91D" box="[573,698,1654,1677]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC725072053F9FAFD05F91D" box="[573,698,1654,1677]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">Hermippus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1372FFBDFFC72507214DF9F9FCCFF91E" box="[803,880,1653,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,1067,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,1060,1869]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 21. Map showing current distribution of all the described Oriental Hermippus species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230459/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">Fig 21</figureCitation>
|
||
) can be separated from those of the Afrotropical species by four homoplasious characters: presence of posterior ventral spines (PVS) in front of the spinnerets, absence of external tooth on the cheliceral fang, absence of dorsal abdominal scutum and rebordered tarsi of legs. By considering these, all the described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC7250720AAF96EFCFEF969" box="[708,833,1762,1785]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC7250720AAF96EFCFEF969" box="[708,833,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">Hermippus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be categorized into two species groups:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C353B0B3FFC7250422A9F889FB03FC7C" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6E338FFC7250722A9F889FB33F8D2" blockId="9.[151,1436,1581,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC7250722A9F889FE77F88E" bold="true" box="[199,456,1797,1822]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC725072291F889FED5F88D" ID-CoL="3L2B8" box="[255,362,1797,1821]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC725072291F889FED5F88D" bold="true" box="[255,362,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">cruciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–group:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Represented by all the five described Oriental species including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC7250726D8F88AFF6DF8D2" ID-CoL="3L2B8" authority="Simon, 1905" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1905" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC7250726D8F88AFAFDF88D" box="[1206,1346,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">H. cruciatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD89EC9FFC725072722F889FF6DF8D2" author="Simon" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" refString="Simon, E. (1905) Arachnides de Java, recueillis par le Prof. K. Kraepelin en 1904. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 22, 49 - 73." type="journal article" year="1905">Simon, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC7250722B3F8A6FE4EF8D2" ID-CoL="3L2B7" authority="Gravely, 1921" authorityName="Gravely" authorityYear="1921" box="[221,497,1833,1858]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arjuna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC7250722B3F8A6FEF5F8D1" box="[221,330,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">H. arjuna</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD89EC9FFC72507233FF8A5FE4EF8D2" author="Gravely" box="[337,497,1833,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1921) The spiders and scorpions of Barkuda Island. Records of the Indian Museum Calcutta, 22, 399 - 421." type="journal article" year="1921">Gravely, 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC725072393F8A6FD3CF8D1" ID-CoL="6LRG5" box="[509,643,1833,1857]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC725072393F8A6FD3CF8D1" box="[509,643,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">H. globosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC7250720E4F8A5FD5CF8D2" bold="true" box="[650,739,1833,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E8251FFC7250720E4F8A5FD5CF8D2" box="[650,739,1833,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC72507209FF8A6FCD4F8D1" ID-CoL="3L2BB" box="[753,875,1833,1857]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inflexus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC72507209FF8A6FCD4F8D1" box="[753,875,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">H. inflexus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC72507211CF8A5FC6DF8D2" bold="true" box="[882,978,1833,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E8251FFC72507211CF8A5FC73F8D2" box="[882,972,1833,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC7250721B7F8A6FB94F8D1" ID-CoL="3L2B9" box="[985,1067,1834,1857]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gavi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC7250721B7F8A6FB94F8D1" box="[985,1067,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">H. gavi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC72507265DF8A5FB33F8D2" bold="true" box="[1075,1164,1833,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E8251FFC72507265DF8A5FB33F8D2" box="[1075,1164,1833,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6E338FFC7250722A9F8C1FC19F83E" blockId="9.[151,1436,1581,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC7250722A9F8C1FE7AF8F6" bold="true" box="[199,453,1869,1894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC72507236FF8C1FED9F8F6" ID-CoL="3L2BC" box="[257,358,1869,1894]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loricatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC72507236FF8C1FED9F8F6" bold="true" box="[257,358,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">loricatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–group:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Represented by all the seven described Afrotropical species including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC72507277FF8C2FE97F81A" ID-CoL="3L2BC" authority="Simon, 1893" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loricatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC72507277FF8C2FA23F8F5" box="[1297,1436,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">H. loricatus</emphasis>
|
||
Simon, 1893
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC72507235DF8FEFD8CF81A" ID-CoL="3L2B5" authority="Strand, 1906" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1906" box="[307,563,1905,1930]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC72507235DF8FEFE24F819" box="[307,411,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">H. affinis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD89EC9FFC7250723CCF8FDFD8CF81A" author="Strand" box="[418,563,1905,1930]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" refString="Strand, E. (1906) Diagnosen nordafrikanischer, hauptsachlich von Carlo Freiherr von Erlanger gesammelter Spinnen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 30, 604 - 637, 655 - 690." type="journal article" year="1906">Strand, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC725072053F8FEFC3AF81A" ID-CoL="6M3FT" authority="Lessert, 1938" authorityName="Lessert" authorityYear="1938" box="[573,901,1905,1930]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoutedeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC725072053F8FEFD5AF819" box="[573,741,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">H. schoutedeni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD89EC9FFC725072082F8FEFC3AF81A" author="Lessert" box="[748,901,1906,1930]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" refString="Lessert, R. (1938) de. Araignees du Congo belge (Premiere partie). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 30, 424 - 457." type="journal article" year="1938">Lessert, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC7250721E1F8FEFAA8F81A" ID-CoL="3L2BF" authority="Lawrence, 1942" authorityName="Lawrence" authorityYear="1942" box="[911,1303,1906,1930]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septemguttatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC7250721E1F8FEFBE6F819" box="[911,1113,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">H. septemguttatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD89EC9FFC72507260EF8FEFAA8F81A" author="Lawrence" box="[1120,1303,1906,1930]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" refString="Lawrence, R. F. (1942) A contribution to the araneid fauna of Natal and Zululand. Annals of the Natal Museum, 10, 141 - 190." type="journal article" year="1942">Lawrence, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC72507274FF8FEFE91F83E" ID-CoL="3L2BD" authority="Jocque, 1986" authorityName="Jocque" authorityYear="1986" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC72507274FF8FEFA23F819" box="[1313,1436,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">H. minutus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD89EC9FFC7250722F9F81AFE91F83E" author="Jocque" box="[151,302,1941,1966]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" refString="Jocque, R. (1986) A revision of the genus Hermippus Simon, 1893 (Araneae: Zodariidae). Journal of Natural History, 20, 7 - 22. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938600770021" type="journal article" year="1986">Jocqué, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC725072356F81AFDD1F83E" ID-CoL="3L2BG" authority="Jocque, 1986" authorityName="Jocque" authorityYear="1986" box="[312,622,1941,1966]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebrosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC725072356F81AFE6CF83D" box="[312,467,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">H. tenebrosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD89EC9FFC7250723B4F81AFDD1F83E" author="Jocque" box="[474,622,1941,1966]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" refString="Jocque, R. (1986) A revision of the genus Hermippus Simon, 1893 (Araneae: Zodariidae). Journal of Natural History, 20, 7 - 22. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938600770021" type="journal article" year="1986">Jocqué, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC7250720CAF81AFC1EF83E" ID-CoL="3L2B6" authority="Jocque, 1989" authorityName="Jocque" authorityYear="1989" box="[676,929,1942,1966]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC7250720CAF81AFCBCF83D" box="[676,771,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">H. arcus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD89EC9FFC725072165F81AFC1EF83E" author="Jocque" box="[779,929,1942,1966]" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" refString="Jocque, R. (1989) A new African species and other new records of Hermippus (Araneae, Zodariidae). Biol. Jb. Dodonaea, 56, 105 - 110." type="journal article" year="1989">Jocqué, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6E338FFC7250422A9F836FDA1FEF4" blockId="9.[151,1436,1581,2038]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,1005]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">
|
||
Two hypotheses can be suggested to explain the migration of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC725072197F836FBC9F841" ID-CoL="4VV8" box="[1017,1142,1978,2001]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC725072197F836FBC9F841" box="[1017,1142,1978,2001]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">Hermippus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Africa to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35EA3A8FFC725072744F835FAD7F842" box="[1322,1384,1977,2002]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
: one through
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35EA3A8FFC725072297F851FE3FF866" box="[249,384,2013,2038]" name="Madagascar" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
before its separation from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35EA3A8FFC7250720ACF851FD43F866" box="[706,764,2013,2038]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
or through ‘Oman-Kohistan-Dras
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35EA3A8FFC7250726FEF851FB6BF866" box="[1168,1236,2013,2038]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="123">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
Arc’. If the first hypothesis is true, then
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35EA3A8FFC4250423D0FF1BFDFAFF20" box="[446,581,151,176]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
should have representatives of an African genus like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC42504268CFF14FAE1FF3F" ID-CoL="4VV8" box="[1250,1374,152,175]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC42504268CFF14FAE1FF3F" box="[1250,1374,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">Hermippus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. But
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC4250422F9FF31FEABFF44" ID-CoL="4VV8" box="[151,276,189,212]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC4250422F9FF31FEABFF44" box="[151,276,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">Hermippus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are not recorded so far from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35EA3A8FFC4250420D5FF30FCFAFF45" box="[699,837,188,213]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It is already hypothesized that migration of zodariid genera like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC425042377FF6CFDAEFF68" ID-CoL="3Y6Q" authority="Thorell, 1873" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1873" box="[281,529,223,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Cydrela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC425042377FF6CFECDFF68" box="[281,370,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">Cydrela</emphasis>
|
||
Thorell, 1873
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC425042028FF6CFD7DFF67" ID-CoL="4VV8" box="[582,706,224,247]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC425042028FF6CFD7DFF67" box="[582,706,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">Hermippus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Africa to the Oriental Region might have occurred after the separation of Indian plate from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35EA3A8FFC425042392FE88FD3CFE8D" box="[508,643,260,285]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD89EC9FFC4250420FDFE88FC0CFE8C" author="Dankittipakul" box="[659,947,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" refString="Dankittipakul, P., Jocque, R. & Singtripop, T. (2012) Systematics and biogeography of the spider genus Mallinella Strand, 1906, with descriptions of new species and new genera from Southeast Asia (Araneae, Zodariidae). Zootaxa, 3369, 1 - 327." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Dankittipakul
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC425042158FE89FCD0FE8C" box="[822,879,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is therefore plausible that the migration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC4250422D8FEA4FE8DFEAF" ID-CoL="4VV8" box="[182,306,296,319]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC4250422D8FEA4FE8DFEAF" box="[182,306,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">Hermippus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. from Africa to Indian subcontinent occurred after its separation from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35EA3A8FFC4250426E4FEABFAAEFED0" box="[1162,1297,295,320]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
through the ‘Oman-Kohistan-Dras
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35EA3A8FFC4250423F6FEC0FE63FEF5" box="[408,476,332,357]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
Arc’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6E338FFC4250422A9FEE3FB03FC7C" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">
|
||
After its African origin, probably during the Early Cretaceous around 105 MYA after the separation of South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35EA3A8FFC4250422F9FE18FF48FE3D" box="[151,247,404,429]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
from Africa,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC4250423FAFE19FDAFFE3C" ID-CoL="4VV8" box="[404,528,405,428]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC4250423FAFE19FDAFFE3C" box="[404,528,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">Hermippus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species might have started their migration to Indian subcontinent around 65–60 MYA by the end of the Cretaceous during the Cretaceous–Tertiary (K/T) period. During this time, the Indian subcontinent, during its northward drift to Asia, reattached to northeast Africa through the land bridge formed of a volcanic island arc named Oman-Kohistan-Dras Island Arc, which may have provided the crucial biotic link between Africa and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35EA3A8FFC425042313FDA8FE08FDAD" box="[381,439,548,573]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
during the Late Cretaceous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD89EC9FFC42504216EFDA8FB31FDAC" author="Chatterjee" box="[768,1166,548,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" refString="Chatterjee, S. & Scotese, C. R. (2010) The Wandering Indian Plate and Its Changing Biogeography During the Late Cretaceous- Early Tertiary Period (Chapter 7). In: Bandyopadhyay, S. (Ed.), New Aspects of Mesozoic Biodiversity, 105 (Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences), pp. 132." type="journal article" year="2010">Chatterjee & Scotese 2010, fig 7.3</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The ‘Oman-Kohistan- Dras Island Arc’ hypothesis was proposed as an alternative for the ‘Greater Somalia’ hypothesis proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD89EC9FFC4250422F9FDE0FE8AFD14" author="Briggs" box="[151,309,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" refString="Briggs, J. C. (2003) The biogeographic and tectonic history of India. Journal of Biogeography, 30, 381 - 388. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2699.2003.00809. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Briggs (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD89EC9FFC42504232FFDE0FDC1FD14" author="Chatterjee" box="[321,638,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" refString="Chatterjee, S. & Scotese, C. R. (1999) The breakup Gondwana and the evolution of the Indian plate. In: Sahni, A. & Loyal, R. S. (Eds.), Gondwana assembly: new issues and perspectives. Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, India, pp. 189 - 217." type="book chapter" year="1999">Chatterjee & Scotese (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD89EC9FFC4250420DBFDE0FC5BFD15" author="Chatterjee" box="[693,996,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" refString="Chatterjee, S, Rudra, D. K. (1996) K / T events in India: impact, volcanism and dinosaur extinction. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 39, 489 - 532." type="journal article" year="1996">Chatterjee & Rudra (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The ‘Greater Somalia’ hypothesis was proposed to explain the existence of a continental corridor promoting faunal migration between
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35EA3A8FFC42504268FFD03FAA4FD38" box="[1249,1307,655,680]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Africa during the Late Cretaceous time. However, this hypothesis was rejected (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD89EC9FFC42504266FFD38FAFDFD5C" author="Chatterjee" box="[1025,1346,692,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" refString="Chatterjee, S. & Scotese, C. R. (2010) The Wandering Indian Plate and Its Changing Biogeography During the Late Cretaceous- Early Tertiary Period (Chapter 7). In: Bandyopadhyay, S. (Ed.), New Aspects of Mesozoic Biodiversity, 105 (Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences), pp. 132." type="journal article" year="2010">Chatterjee & Scotese 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as the ‘Greater Somalia’ broke up from Africa during the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic time due to the spreading of the Neotethys. Before the reattachment with Africa, Indian subcontinent had separated from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35EA3A8FFC4250426CFFD70FA97FC85" box="[1185,1320,764,789]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
also. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC4250422F9FCACFF40FCA7" ID-CoL="3L2B8" box="[151,255,800,823]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC4250422F9FCACFF40FCA7" box="[151,255,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">cruciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC4250423EAFCACFDBFFCA7" ID-CoL="4VV8" box="[388,512,800,823]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC4250423EAFCACFDBFFCA7" box="[388,512,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">Hermippus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might have migrated from Africa to Indian subcontinent after its separation from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35EA3A8FFC4250422F9FCC8FEA1FCCD" box="[151,286,836,861]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
through the land bridge of Oman-Kohistan-Dras Island Arc. After reaching the Indian subcontinent, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC4250422AEFCE4FE97FCEF" ID-CoL="3L2B8" box="[192,296,872,895]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC4250422AEFCE4FE97FCEF" box="[192,296,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">cruciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC4250423C5FCE4FD97FCEF" ID-CoL="4VV8" box="[427,552,872,895]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC4250423C5FCE4FD97FCEF" box="[427,552,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">Hermippus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might have faced and survived the second and third phases of the fatal Deccan volcanic eruptions happened in the Indian subcontinent around 65 MYA, one of the major causative factors resulted in the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K/Pg) mass extinction (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD89EC9FFC425042144FC23FBB1FC58" author="Keller" box="[810,1038,943,968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" refString="Keller, G., Sahni, A. & Bajpai, S. (2009) Deccan volcanism, the KT mass extinction and dinosaurs. Journal of Biosciences, 34, 709 - 728. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12038 - 009 - 0059 - 6" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Keller
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC4250421ECFC3DFC7BFC58" box="[898,964,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and one of the species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC4250422F9FC59FF40FC7C" ID-CoL="3L2B8" box="[151,255,981,1004]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC4250422F9FC59FF40FC7C" box="[151,255,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">cruciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—group (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4998BBFFC425042302FC59FD31FC7D" ID-CoL="3L2B8" authority="Simon, 1905" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1905" box="[364,654,980,1005]" class="Arachnida" family="Zodariidae" genus="Hermippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D3F2AFFC425042302FC59FE48FC7C" box="[364,503,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">H. cruciatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD89EC9FFC425042390FC58FD31FC7D" author="Simon" box="[510,654,980,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" refString="Simon, E. (1905) Arachnides de Java, recueillis par le Prof. K. Kraepelin en 1904. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 22, 49 - 73." type="journal article" year="1905">Simon, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) extended its habitat into
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35EA3A8FFC4250421DFFC58FBA1FC7D" box="[945,1054,980,1005]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
also (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1372FFBDFFC42504260FFC58FB11FC7C" box="[1121,1198,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,1067,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,1060,1869]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 21. Map showing current distribution of all the described Oriental Hermippus species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230459/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="124">Fig 21</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |