308 lines
46 KiB
XML
308 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a28" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7145305" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2611B0BC-F569-4135-A09C-6E527C2565A4" approvalRequired="4" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="4" checkinTime="1664918879762" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gentis, Nicolas, Licht, Alexis, Boura, Anaïs, Aung, Dario De Franceschi Zaw Win Day Wa & Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume" docDate="2022" docId="03B787F6A225FF978908FCA8E44CEBD2" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.44.28.853-909.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 44 (28)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Shoreoxylon undefined-2" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="890" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EA200FFB08864FFDDE74BEA43" masterDocTitle="Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications" masterLastPageNumber="909" masterPageNumber="853" pageNumber="888" updateTime="1665148313485" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gentis, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Licht, Alexis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Boura, Anaïs</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Aung, Dario De Franceschi Zaw Win Day Wa</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-09-29</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>44</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>853</mods:start>
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<mods:end>909</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a28</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7145305</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2611B0BC-F569-4135-A09C-6E527C2565A4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6A225FF978908FCA8E44CEBD2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6A225FF978908FCA8E44CEBD2" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="890" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">
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<subSubSection box="[364,543,885,911]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="37.[364,543,885,911]" box="[364,543,885,911]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">
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<heading box="[364,543,885,911]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName box="[364,543,885,911]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-2">
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<emphasis box="[364,486,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Shoreoxylon</emphasis>
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sp. 2
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[407,500,917,943]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="37.[407,500,917,943]" box="[407,500,917,943]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[416,491,917,943]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[132,157,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-27@38.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 18. — Shoreoxylon sp. 2, MNHN.F.50195: A, Ts, vessel arrangement, often solitary, sometimes in groups and clusters, with one parenchyma band (arrow); B, Ts, mostly vasicentric to slightly aliform parenchyma as well as some diffuse parenchyma (arrow); C, E, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays; D, Ts, long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma band (arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular ray with one line of upright marginal cells (arrow); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (only some vessels and rays are displayed) with bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged in long tangential lines; doubtful canals are displayed as orange dots; H, Rls, crystals in possibly chambered parenchyma cells (arrow); I, tyloses in vessels (black arrow) and vasicentric tracheids (white arrow) J, Tls, alternate, vestured (arrow) intervessel pits; K, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders and ovoid shape (arrow). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, D-E, 500 µm; B-C, F, 200 µm; H-I, 100 µm; K, 50 µm; J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154261/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="888" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="37.[132,775,974,1024]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">
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MATERIAL. —
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" specimenCode="MNHN.F.50195" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode box="[277,446,974,998]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">MNHN.F.50195</specimenCode>
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(field number: 19NAT07-2). Estimated minimal diameter:
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<quantity box="[401,512,1000,1024]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="7.3" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" unit="cm" value="89.0" valueMax="105.0" valueMin="73.0">73-105 cm</quantity>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="37.[132,721,1048,1072]" box="[132,721,1048,1072]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">
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LOCALITY. — Kalewa Township,
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<collectingRegion box="[456,609,1048,1072]" country="Myanmar" name="Sagaing" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Sagaing Region</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[619,717,1048,1072]" name="Myanmar" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="888" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="37.[132,648,1095,1120]" box="[132,648,1095,1120]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">AGE. — Upper lower to lowermost middle Miocene.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="37.[130,776,1172,1900]" box="[132,277,1172,1198]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="37.[130,776,1172,1900]" lastBlockId="37.[811,1456,215,433]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">
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Wood diffuse-porous. Growth rings indistinct or delimited by marginal parenchyma (
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<figureCitation box="[414,512,1236,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[132,157,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-27@38.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 18. — Shoreoxylon sp. 2, MNHN.F.50195: A, Ts, vessel arrangement, often solitary, sometimes in groups and clusters, with one parenchyma band (arrow); B, Ts, mostly vasicentric to slightly aliform parenchyma as well as some diffuse parenchyma (arrow); C, E, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays; D, Ts, long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma band (arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular ray with one line of upright marginal cells (arrow); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (only some vessels and rays are displayed) with bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged in long tangential lines; doubtful canals are displayed as orange dots; H, Rls, crystals in possibly chambered parenchyma cells (arrow); I, tyloses in vessels (black arrow) and vasicentric tracheids (white arrow) J, Tls, alternate, vestured (arrow) intervessel pits; K, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders and ovoid shape (arrow). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, D-E, 500 µm; B-C, F, 200 µm; H-I, 100 µm; K, 50 µm; J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154261/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
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). Vessels 80% solitary or in groups of 2-3, occasionally small clusters (
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<figureCitation box="[613,709,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[132,157,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-27@38.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 18. — Shoreoxylon sp. 2, MNHN.F.50195: A, Ts, vessel arrangement, often solitary, sometimes in groups and clusters, with one parenchyma band (arrow); B, Ts, mostly vasicentric to slightly aliform parenchyma as well as some diffuse parenchyma (arrow); C, E, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays; D, Ts, long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma band (arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular ray with one line of upright marginal cells (arrow); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (only some vessels and rays are displayed) with bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged in long tangential lines; doubtful canals are displayed as orange dots; H, Rls, crystals in possibly chambered parenchyma cells (arrow); I, tyloses in vessels (black arrow) and vasicentric tracheids (white arrow) J, Tls, alternate, vestured (arrow) intervessel pits; K, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders and ovoid shape (arrow). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, D-E, 500 µm; B-C, F, 200 µm; H-I, 100 µm; K, 50 µm; J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154261/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
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); they display an oblique tendency, round to oval, 3-9 per mm² (average: 6); tangential diameter 100-270 µm (average: 190 µm). Tylose present (
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<figureCitation box="[299,384,1363,1390]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[132,157,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-27@38.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 18. — Shoreoxylon sp. 2, MNHN.F.50195: A, Ts, vessel arrangement, often solitary, sometimes in groups and clusters, with one parenchyma band (arrow); B, Ts, mostly vasicentric to slightly aliform parenchyma as well as some diffuse parenchyma (arrow); C, E, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays; D, Ts, long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma band (arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular ray with one line of upright marginal cells (arrow); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (only some vessels and rays are displayed) with bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged in long tangential lines; doubtful canals are displayed as orange dots; H, Rls, crystals in possibly chambered parenchyma cells (arrow); I, tyloses in vessels (black arrow) and vasicentric tracheids (white arrow) J, Tls, alternate, vestured (arrow) intervessel pits; K, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders and ovoid shape (arrow). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, D-E, 500 µm; B-C, F, 200 µm; H-I, 100 µm; K, 50 µm; J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154261/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Fig. 18I</figureCitation>
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). Vessel elements 180-400 µm (average: 280 µm) long. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate, vestured, 5-8 µm (
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<figureCitation box="[438,527,1427,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[132,157,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-27@38.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 18. — Shoreoxylon sp. 2, MNHN.F.50195: A, Ts, vessel arrangement, often solitary, sometimes in groups and clusters, with one parenchyma band (arrow); B, Ts, mostly vasicentric to slightly aliform parenchyma as well as some diffuse parenchyma (arrow); C, E, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays; D, Ts, long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma band (arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular ray with one line of upright marginal cells (arrow); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (only some vessels and rays are displayed) with bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged in long tangential lines; doubtful canals are displayed as orange dots; H, Rls, crystals in possibly chambered parenchyma cells (arrow); I, tyloses in vessels (black arrow) and vasicentric tracheids (white arrow) J, Tls, alternate, vestured (arrow) intervessel pits; K, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders and ovoid shape (arrow). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, D-E, 500 µm; B-C, F, 200 µm; H-I, 100 µm; K, 50 µm; J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154261/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Fig. 18J</figureCitation>
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). Vessel-ray pits simple or minutely bordered, ovoid in shape, 8-12 µm in diameter (only 5 were observed) (
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<figureCitation box="[390,488,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[132,157,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-27@38.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 18. — Shoreoxylon sp. 2, MNHN.F.50195: A, Ts, vessel arrangement, often solitary, sometimes in groups and clusters, with one parenchyma band (arrow); B, Ts, mostly vasicentric to slightly aliform parenchyma as well as some diffuse parenchyma (arrow); C, E, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays; D, Ts, long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma band (arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular ray with one line of upright marginal cells (arrow); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (only some vessels and rays are displayed) with bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged in long tangential lines; doubtful canals are displayed as orange dots; H, Rls, crystals in possibly chambered parenchyma cells (arrow); I, tyloses in vessels (black arrow) and vasicentric tracheids (white arrow) J, Tls, alternate, vestured (arrow) intervessel pits; K, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders and ovoid shape (arrow). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, D-E, 500 µm; B-C, F, 200 µm; H-I, 100 µm; K, 50 µm; J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154261/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Fig. 18K</figureCitation>
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). Vasicentric tracheids present (
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<figureCitation box="[192,280,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[132,157,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-27@38.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 18. — Shoreoxylon sp. 2, MNHN.F.50195: A, Ts, vessel arrangement, often solitary, sometimes in groups and clusters, with one parenchyma band (arrow); B, Ts, mostly vasicentric to slightly aliform parenchyma as well as some diffuse parenchyma (arrow); C, E, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays; D, Ts, long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma band (arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular ray with one line of upright marginal cells (arrow); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (only some vessels and rays are displayed) with bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged in long tangential lines; doubtful canals are displayed as orange dots; H, Rls, crystals in possibly chambered parenchyma cells (arrow); I, tyloses in vessels (black arrow) and vasicentric tracheids (white arrow) J, Tls, alternate, vestured (arrow) intervessel pits; K, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders and ovoid shape (arrow). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, D-E, 500 µm; B-C, F, 200 µm; H-I, 100 µm; K, 50 µm; J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154261/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Fig. 18I</figureCitation>
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). Parenchyma vasicentric (sheath of 2-7 cells) and frequently aliform, also diffuse, and sometimes diffusein-aggregate in short lines mostly starting from the edge of paratracheal parenchyma (
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<figureCitation box="[396,512,1618,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[132,157,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-27@38.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 18. — Shoreoxylon sp. 2, MNHN.F.50195: A, Ts, vessel arrangement, often solitary, sometimes in groups and clusters, with one parenchyma band (arrow); B, Ts, mostly vasicentric to slightly aliform parenchyma as well as some diffuse parenchyma (arrow); C, E, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays; D, Ts, long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma band (arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular ray with one line of upright marginal cells (arrow); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (only some vessels and rays are displayed) with bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged in long tangential lines; doubtful canals are displayed as orange dots; H, Rls, crystals in possibly chambered parenchyma cells (arrow); I, tyloses in vessels (black arrow) and vasicentric tracheids (white arrow) J, Tls, alternate, vestured (arrow) intervessel pits; K, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders and ovoid shape (arrow). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, D-E, 500 µm; B-C, F, 200 µm; H-I, 100 µm; K, 50 µm; J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154261/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Fig.18A, B</figureCitation>
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); seemingly marginal lines that could contain secretory canals (
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<figureCitation box="[514,642,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[132,157,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-27@38.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 18. — Shoreoxylon sp. 2, MNHN.F.50195: A, Ts, vessel arrangement, often solitary, sometimes in groups and clusters, with one parenchyma band (arrow); B, Ts, mostly vasicentric to slightly aliform parenchyma as well as some diffuse parenchyma (arrow); C, E, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays; D, Ts, long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma band (arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular ray with one line of upright marginal cells (arrow); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (only some vessels and rays are displayed) with bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged in long tangential lines; doubtful canals are displayed as orange dots; H, Rls, crystals in possibly chambered parenchyma cells (arrow); I, tyloses in vessels (black arrow) and vasicentric tracheids (white arrow) J, Tls, alternate, vestured (arrow) intervessel pits; K, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders and ovoid shape (arrow). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, D-E, 500 µm; B-C, F, 200 µm; H-I, 100 µm; K, 50 µm; J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154261/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Fig. 18A, G</figureCitation>
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); sometimes crystals in chambered cells (up to 12 per strands) (
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<figureCitation box="[662,760,1682,1709]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[132,157,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-27@38.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 18. — Shoreoxylon sp. 2, MNHN.F.50195: A, Ts, vessel arrangement, often solitary, sometimes in groups and clusters, with one parenchyma band (arrow); B, Ts, mostly vasicentric to slightly aliform parenchyma as well as some diffuse parenchyma (arrow); C, E, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays; D, Ts, long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma band (arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular ray with one line of upright marginal cells (arrow); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (only some vessels and rays are displayed) with bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged in long tangential lines; doubtful canals are displayed as orange dots; H, Rls, crystals in possibly chambered parenchyma cells (arrow); I, tyloses in vessels (black arrow) and vasicentric tracheids (white arrow) J, Tls, alternate, vestured (arrow) intervessel pits; K, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders and ovoid shape (arrow). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, D-E, 500 µm; B-C, F, 200 µm; H-I, 100 µm; K, 50 µm; J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154261/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Fig. 18H</figureCitation>
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), mostly observed in the diffuse parenchyma; parenchyma cells 50-130 µm long (average: 100 µm), 12-19 µm wide (average: 16 µm) in tangential section; 4-5 parenchyma cells per strand. Xylem rays 1- to 5- seriate (mainly 4) (
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<figureCitation box="[633,762,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[132,157,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-27@38.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 18. — Shoreoxylon sp. 2, MNHN.F.50195: A, Ts, vessel arrangement, often solitary, sometimes in groups and clusters, with one parenchyma band (arrow); B, Ts, mostly vasicentric to slightly aliform parenchyma as well as some diffuse parenchyma (arrow); C, E, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays; D, Ts, long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma band (arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular ray with one line of upright marginal cells (arrow); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (only some vessels and rays are displayed) with bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged in long tangential lines; doubtful canals are displayed as orange dots; H, Rls, crystals in possibly chambered parenchyma cells (arrow); I, tyloses in vessels (black arrow) and vasicentric tracheids (white arrow) J, Tls, alternate, vestured (arrow) intervessel pits; K, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders and ovoid shape (arrow). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, D-E, 500 µm; B-C, F, 200 µm; H-I, 100 µm; K, 50 µm; J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154261/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Fig. 18C, E</figureCitation>
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), uniseriate short (<10 cells) and about 19% of the rays; 7-9 rays per mm (average: 8), 100-850 µm (average: 430 µm) or 6-40 cells high, heterocellular made of procumbent cells with mostly 1 upright cell at the ends, sometimes more (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1350,1442,247,274]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[132,157,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-27@38.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 18. — Shoreoxylon sp. 2, MNHN.F.50195: A, Ts, vessel arrangement, often solitary, sometimes in groups and clusters, with one parenchyma band (arrow); B, Ts, mostly vasicentric to slightly aliform parenchyma as well as some diffuse parenchyma (arrow); C, E, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays; D, Ts, long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma band (arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular ray with one line of upright marginal cells (arrow); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (only some vessels and rays are displayed) with bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged in long tangential lines; doubtful canals are displayed as orange dots; H, Rls, crystals in possibly chambered parenchyma cells (arrow); I, tyloses in vessels (black arrow) and vasicentric tracheids (white arrow) J, Tls, alternate, vestured (arrow) intervessel pits; K, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders and ovoid shape (arrow). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, D-E, 500 µm; B-C, F, 200 µm; H-I, 100 µm; K, 50 µm; J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154261/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Fig. 18F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fibres non-septate, thick to very thick-walled (lumina from 0.5 to almost 0 times the double wall thickness in average). Secretory canals in long tangential bands (more than 30 canals) surrounded by parenchyma (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1198,1329,375,401]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[132,157,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-27@38.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 18. — Shoreoxylon sp. 2, MNHN.F.50195: A, Ts, vessel arrangement, often solitary, sometimes in groups and clusters, with one parenchyma band (arrow); B, Ts, mostly vasicentric to slightly aliform parenchyma as well as some diffuse parenchyma (arrow); C, E, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays; D, Ts, long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma band (arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular ray with one line of upright marginal cells (arrow); G, Ts, synthetic drawing of the transversal section (only some vessels and rays are displayed) with bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged in long tangential lines; doubtful canals are displayed as orange dots; H, Rls, crystals in possibly chambered parenchyma cells (arrow); I, tyloses in vessels (black arrow) and vasicentric tracheids (white arrow) J, Tls, alternate, vestured (arrow) intervessel pits; K, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders and ovoid shape (arrow). Scale bars: G, 1 cm; A, D-E, 500 µm; B-C, F, 200 µm; H-I, 100 µm; K, 50 µm; J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154261/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Fig. 18D, G</figureCitation>
|
||
), 40-85 µm in tangential diameter (average 60 µm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="890" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[810,1458,471,1900]" box="[813,942,471,497]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">DISCUSSION</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[810,1458,471,1900]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">
|
||
This wood is characterized by:1) diffuse-porous wood; 2) mostly solitary vessels with an oblique tendency; 3) heterocellular 1-5-seriate rays that are short (<1000 µm); 4) small canals (<100 µm) in long tangential lines; 5) vasicentric tracheids; and 6) aliform and diffuse parenchyma. As for previous specimens (from p. 873), secretory canals and vasicentric tracheids are diagnostic of the
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Metcalfe & Chalk" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[1053,1248,693,719]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dipterocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
family. Following the discussion p. 882, these features recall the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1380,1448,725,751]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Shorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1380,1448,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Shorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, together with the presence of groups of vessels and clusters, the absence of vascular tracheids, and crystals in ray cells. More specifically with the sections ‘Rubroshorea’ and ‘Shorea’ for having frequent tyloses, crystals in parenchyma, rays with few marginal cells and small canals. Regarding rays, the section ‘Shorea’ has shorter ones (under 1000 µm) and less marginal cells, even though this observation is not a general fact. Our specimen recalls extant species
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1143,1225,980,1007]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Shorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1143,1225,980,1007]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">S. laevis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for its aliform parenchyma, similar ray width and length (mostly 3-5-seriate and up to 45 cells high), and small canals and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Dyer" authorityName="Dyer" box="[1253,1455,1044,1071]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Shorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balangeran">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1253,1393,1044,1071]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">S. balangeran</emphasis>
|
||
Dyer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for its wide vessels (sometimes>200 µm) often solitary or in very small groups, its long and distinctive lines of canals, its rays of varying length and its aliform parenchyma sometimes forming a discrete network without particular arrangement between vessels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[810,1458,471,1900]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">
|
||
The specimen shares all diagnostic features of fossil genus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[813,939,1267,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[813,939,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Shoreoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and shares most features of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1267,1455,1267,1294]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1267,1393,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Shoreoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 1
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(p. 886) and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[964,1256,1299,1325]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deomaliense">
|
||
<emphasis box="[964,1088,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Shoreoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1131,1256,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">deomaliense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(p. 882); it is yet clearly distinguishable from our two previous specimens. It has more solitary and less numerous vessels than
|
||
<emphasis box="[1345,1456,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Shorexylon</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 1 as well as less confluent parenchyma and clear long lines of canals; it has more grouped vessels and shorter, less seriated rays than
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[926,1221,1459,1485]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deomaliense">
|
||
<emphasis box="[926,1052,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Shoreoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1095,1221,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">deomaliense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among
|
||
<taxonomicName pageId="37" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1329,1455,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Shoreoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that are close to our fossil (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1188,1315,1491,1517]" captionStart="APPENDIX" captionStartId="55.[61,73,447,464]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="APPENDIX 1. — Synthetic summary of main characters of the Dipterocarp fossil woods mentioned in the article, as described by the original authors (first name), the authors who redescribed a specimen of the same species or emmended the original diagnosis (second name), or as extracted from another publication (in parenthesis). Features in parenthesis are less commun." pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Appendix 1</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="DEN BERGER L. G." pageId="37" pageNumber="888" pagination="143 - 148" refId="ref40395" refString="DEN BERGER L. G. 1923. - Fossiele houtsoorten uit het Tertiair van Zuid-Sumatra. Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap. Geologische serie 7: 143 - 148." type="journal article" year="1923">Den Berger 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SCHWEITZER H. - J." box="[883,1062,1522,1549]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref47790" refString="SCHWEITZER H. - J. 1958. - Die fossilen Dipterocarpaceen-Holzer. Palaeontographica Abteilung B 105 (1 - 4): 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1958">Schweitzer 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="PRAKASH U." box="[1076,1234,1522,1549]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" pagination="181 - 182" refId="ref45731" refString="PRAKASH U. 1965 a. - Fossil wood of Dipterocarpaceae from the Tertiary of Burma. Current Science 34 (6): 181 - 182. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 24062074" type="journal article" year="1965">Prakash 1965a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="PRAKASH U. & AWASTHI N." pageId="37" pageNumber="888" pagination="32 - 44" refId="ref46208" refString="PRAKASH U. & AWASTHI N. 1970. - Fossil woods from the Tertiary of Eastern India. 1. The Palaeobotanist 18 (1): 32 - 44 (1969). https: // doi. org / 10.54991 / jop. 1969.816" type="journal article" year="1970">Prakash & Awasthi 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="AWASTHI N." box="[881,1029,1554,1581]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" pagination="339 - 351" refId="ref38244" refString="AWASTHI N. 1974. - Occurance of some dipterocarpaceous woods in the Cuddalore series of South India. The Palaeobotanist 21 (3): 339 - 351 (1972). https: // doi. org / 10.54991 / jop. 1972.1496" type="journal article" year="1974">Awasthi 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SUKIMAN S." box="[1042,1200,1554,1581]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" pagination="197 - 209" refId="ref48206" refString="SUKIMAN S. 1977. - Sur deux bois fossiles du gisement de la region Pachitan a Java, in 102 eme Congres national des societes savantes, Limoges (Section des Sciences). Bibliotheque nationale: 197 - 209." type="book chapter" year="1977">Sukiman 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="TRIVEDI B. S. & AHUJA M." box="[1211,1448,1554,1581]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" pagination="646 - 647" refId="ref48501" refString="TRIVEDI B. S. & AHUJA M. 1979. - Pentacmeoxylon ornatum gen. et sp. nov. from the Siwaliks of Kalagarh. Current Science 48 (14): 646 - 647. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 24082731" type="journal article" year="1979">Trivedi & Ahuja 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="PRAKASH U. & BANDE M. B." box="[813,1067,1586,1613]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" pagination="261 - 278" refId="ref46302" refString="PRAKASH U. & BANDE M. B. 1980. - Some more fossil woods from the Tertiary of Burma. The Palaeobotanist 26 (3): 261 - 278 (1977). https: // doi. org / 10.54991 / jop. 1977.1071" type="journal article" year="1980">Prakash & Bande 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), two species share similar features:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[814,943,1618,1645]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burmense">
|
||
<emphasis box="[814,943,1618,1645]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">S. burmense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has slightly larger rays and multiple bands of canals, mostly vasicentric parenchyma, but it has very thick walls;
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Prakash & Awasthi" authorityYear="1970" box="[884,1010,1682,1708]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tipamense">
|
||
<emphasis box="[884,1010,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">S.tipamense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares similar vessel and crystalliferous parenchyma arrangement in addition to 1-5-seriate rays up to 66 cells high, but has longer rows of marginal ray cells (1 to 12), some sheath cells, larger intervessel pits (8-10 µm compared to 5-8 µm) and thinner walls. Considering the poor preservation of the specimen, it is attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-2">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1299,1419,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Shoreoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 2
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with noted resemblance with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Prakash & Awasthi" authorityYear="1970" box="[1158,1287,1874,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tipamense">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1158,1287,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">S. tipamense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis box="[1323,1456,1873,1900]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1323,1452,1873,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burmense">S. burmense</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154261" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7154261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7154261/files/figure.png" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="889" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" startId="37.[132,157,1963,1980]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" targetPageId="38">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[132,1456,1963,2025]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">
|
||
FIG. 18. —
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[222,374,1963,1980]" class="Magnoliopsida" genus="Shoreoxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="37" pageNumber="888" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-2">
|
||
<emphasis box="[222,325,1963,1980]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">Shoreoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 2
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, MNHN.F.50195:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[522,535,1963,1980]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">A</emphasis>
|
||
, Ts, vessel arrangement, often solitary, sometimes in groups and clusters, with one parenchyma band (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1393,1445,1963,1980]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">arrow</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,145,1986,2003]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">B</emphasis>
|
||
, Ts, mostly vasicentric to slightly aliform parenchyma as well as some diffuse parenchyma (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[923,975,1986,2003]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">arrow</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[990,1004,1986,2003]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1016,1028,1986,2003]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">E</emphasis>
|
||
, Tls, 1-5-seriate rays;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1218,1232,1986,2003]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">D</emphasis>
|
||
, Ts, long tangential line of secretory canals embedded in parenchyma band (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[556,608,2008,2025]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">arrow</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[624,635,2008,2025]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">F</emphasis>
|
||
, Rls, heterocellular ray with one line of upright marginal cells (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1160,1212,2008,2025]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">arrow</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1228,1242,2008,2025]" pageId="37" pageNumber="888">G</emphasis>
|
||
, Ts, synthetic drawing of
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="38.[132,1456,1940,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="889">
|
||
the transversal section (only some vessels and rays are displayed) with bands of parenchyma as grey lines and secretory canals as red dots, arranged in long tangential lines; doubtful canals are displayed as orange dots;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[655,669,1963,1980]" pageId="38" pageNumber="889">H</emphasis>
|
||
, Rls, crystals in possibly chambered parenchyma cells (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1137,1189,1963,1980]" pageId="38" pageNumber="889">arrow</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1204,1210,1963,1980]" pageId="38" pageNumber="889">I</emphasis>
|
||
, tyloses in vessels (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="889">black arrow</emphasis>
|
||
) and vasicentric tracheids (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[394,499,1986,2003]" pageId="38" pageNumber="889">white arrow</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[509,519,1986,2003]" pageId="38" pageNumber="889">J</emphasis>
|
||
, Tls, alternate, vestured (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[729,781,1986,2003]" pageId="38" pageNumber="889">arrow</emphasis>
|
||
) intervessel pits;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[925,938,1986,2003]" pageId="38" pageNumber="889">K</emphasis>
|
||
, simple vessel-ray pits with reduced borders and ovoid shape (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[137,189,2008,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="889">arrow</emphasis>
|
||
). Scale bars: G,
|
||
<quantity box="[327,372,2008,2025]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="889" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
; A, D-E, 500 µm; B-C, F, 200 µm; H-I, 100 µm; K, 50 µm; J, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1091,1137,2008,2025]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,157,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-228@6.[699,1268,778,1344]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Cupressinoxylon sp. MNHN.F.50171: A, transverse section (Ts), growth limits (white arrows), diffuse parenchyma (grey arrows) and zonate parenchyma (black arrows), large black areas are cells filled with deposit material; B, Ts, growth limit with gradual transition from earlywood to latewood; C, tangential longitudinal section (Tls), 1- sometimes 2-seriate rays and parenchyma lines (arrow); D, Tls, detail of 1- sometimes 2-seriate rays; E, Tls, smooth longitudinal parenchyma walls (arrows); F, Tls, 1-2-seriate rays and tangential pits (arrows); G, radial longitudinal section (Rls), possibly cupressoid and/or podocarpoid crossfield pits (arrow); H, Rls, uniseriate radial pits; I, Rls, smooth parenchyma cell walls.Scale bars: A, C, 1 mm; B, 200 µm; E-F, H, 100 µm; G, 50 µm; I, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145309/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="889">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="39.[132,776,215,401]" pageId="39" pageNumber="890">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[155,290,215,241]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Shorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="39" pageNumber="890" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[155,290,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="890">Shorea laevis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mostly grows on tropical ridges or hillsides up to
|
||
<quantity box="[204,292,247,274]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="890" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
altitude; it is also found in lowland mixed dipterocarp forests and on alluvial sites (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="ASHTON P. S." box="[571,713,279,305]" pageId="39" pageNumber="890" pagination="237 - 552" refId="ref37953" refString="ASHTON P. S. 1982. - Dipterocarpaceae, in VAN STEENIS C. G. G. J. (ed.), Flora Malesiana, Series 1, Spermatophyta 9 (2): 237 - 552. https: // repository. naturalis. nl / pub / 532631" type="journal article" year="1982">Ashton 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J." pageId="39" pageNumber="890" refId="ref47964" refString="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J. (eds) 1993. - Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, 610 p. (Plant resources of South-East Asia [PRO- SEA], 5 [1]). https: // www. sudoc. fr / 013093835" type="book" year="1993">Soerianegara & Lemmens 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="POOMA R. & NEWMAN M. F. & BARSTOW M." box="[469,678,311,337]" pageId="39" pageNumber="890" pagination="2833046" refId="ref45635" refString="POOMA R., NEWMAN M. F. & BARSTOW M. 2017. - Shorea laevis. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e. T 33121 A 2833046. https: // doi. org / 10. 2305 / IUCN. UK. 2017 - 3. RLTS. T 33121 A 2833046. en" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Pooma
|
||
<emphasis box="[555,611,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="890">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Shorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="39" pageNumber="890" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balangeran">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="890">Shorea balangeran</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is common in peat-swamp forests up to
|
||
<quantity box="[702,775,343,369]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="890" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
altitude (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J." box="[228,561,375,401]" pageId="39" pageNumber="890" refId="ref47964" refString="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J. (eds) 1993. - Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, 610 p. (Plant resources of South-East Asia [PRO- SEA], 5 [1]). https: // www. sudoc. fr / 013093835" type="book" year="1993">Soerianegara & Lemmens 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="ROBIANSYAH I." box="[574,759,375,401]" pageId="39" pageNumber="890" pagination="68072336" refId="ref47494" refString="ROBIANSYAH I. 2020. - Shorea balangeran. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e. T 33103 A 68072336. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2020 - 1. RLTS. T 33103 A 68072336. en" type="journal article" year="2020">Robiansyah 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |