400 lines
55 KiB
XML
400 lines
55 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="023A72F3D3AE2A28AF27BE9A438D0336">Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="291728FFEC33109285B358920C23454B">Gentis, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7FEA9C2DEA634237B0E0967FCCC5F1C1">Licht, Alexis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8751660C1E2CBCCF4FCE5813001A88AA">Boura, Anaïs</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F096C4F0E5AA1C09996E843EA5C771F0">Aung, Dario De Franceschi Zaw Win Day Wa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="37EC96058636323898E84AE95AA7369E">Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="87B3646DF67E3DFCC2F9CBB171F7272D">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3A53D8F0FC43DD95E79CDEECCE2BB3A9">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="64B90D5A19923CECE459A19D8F92EECB">2022-09-29</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B787F6A20DFFBF8970FD68E5E8EB32" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7157555" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202152107" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7157555" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6A20DFFBF8970FD68E5E8EB32" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6A20DFFBF8970FD68E5E8EB32" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="865" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">
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<subSubSection id="C304656BA20DFFBD8970FD68E533E893" box="[276,632,693,720]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20DFFBD8970FD68E533E893" blockId="13.[276,632,693,720]" box="[276,632,693,720]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">
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<heading id="D0E9818CA20DFFBD8970FD68E533E893" box="[276,632,693,720]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8970FD68E533E893" authority="Kramer" authorityName="Kramer" box="[276,632,693,720]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8970FD68E555E893" bold="true" box="[276,542,693,720]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Koompassioxylon elegans</emphasis>
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Kramer
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BA20DFFBD89FAFD0BE6A6E8B3" box="[414,493,725,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20DFFBD89FAFD0BE6A6E8B3" blockId="13.[414,493,725,752]" box="[414,493,725,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A20DFFBD89C3FD08E6AFE8AC" box="[423,484,725,751]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,157,1640,1657]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-160@14.[698,1267,767,1322]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Koompassioxylon elegans Kramer, MNHN.F.50180 (A-E, G), MNHN.F.50181 (F): A, Ts, vessel size and groups, aliform parenchyma with pointed wings and marginal parenchyma sometimes merged with small vessels (arrow); B, Ts,detail of winged-aliform parenchyma;C, Tls,non-vestured,alternate and polygonal intervessel pits; D, Tls, 2-3-seriate rays with crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); E, Tls, detail of the chambered crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); F: storied ray tendency, mostly 2-3-seriate rays; G, Rls, heterocellular rays with crystals in upright (sometimes subdivided) marginal cells (arrow). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; F, 500 µm; B, D-E, G, 200 µm; C, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145317/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BA20DFFBD88E0FCD3E542E902" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20DFFBD88E0FCD3E542E902" blockId="13.[132,775,782,833]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0E11CEA20DFFBD88E0FCD3E542E902" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1A20DFFBD88E0FCD3E56CE964" author="KRAMER K." box="[132,551,782,807]" page="117" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" year="1974">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD88E0FCD3E56CE964" authority="Kramer, 1974: 117" authorityName="Kramer" authorityPageNumber="117" authorityYear="1974" box="[132,551,782,807]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD88E0FCD3E62CE965" box="[132,359,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Koompassioxylon elegans</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20DFFBD8908FCD2E56CE964" author="KRAMER K." box="[364,551,783,807]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" pagination="45 - 181" refId="ref42922" refString="KRAMER K. 1974. - Die tertiaren Holzer Sudost-Asiens (unter Ausschluss der Dipterocarpaceae) 1. Teil. Palaeontographica Abteilung B 144 (3 - 6): 45 - 181." type="journal article" year="1974">Kramer, 1974: 117</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 27, figs 94, 95, 97- 101, 103, pl. 28, fig. 105, ill. 12a-c, 13.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BA20DFFBD88E0FC84E59AEE79" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20DFFBD88E0FC84E6ECE9C8" blockId="13.[132,775,856,907]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B763CBDA20DFFBD88E0FC84E6ECE9C8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3921372319" collectionCode="SM" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" specimenCode="SM.B 12 509/1-12 509/3" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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ORIGINAL
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<typeStatus id="54A58842A20DFFBD8893FC83E62FE92C" box="[247,356,862,879]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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. — Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt. no.
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<specimenCode id="DBB89E9BA20DFFBD88CEFCAEE6ECE9C8" box="[170,423,883,907]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">SM.B 12 509/1-12 509/3</specimenCode>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20DFFBD88E0FC7EE56AEE49" blockId="13.[130,775,930,1034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">
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MATERIAL. —
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<materialsCitation id="3B763CBDA20DFFBD894EFC7FE44AE9F8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3921372322" box="[298,769,930,955]" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" specimenCode="MNHN.F.50179" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="DBB89E9BA20DFFBD894EFC7FE6A9E9F9" box="[298,482,930,954]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">MNHN.F.50179</specimenCode>
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(field number: 17FN13)
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B763CBDA20DFFBD88E0FC60E554E996" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3921372311" box="[132,543,957,981]" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" specimenCode="MNHN.F.50180" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="DBB89E9BA20DFFBD88E0FC60E666E996" box="[132,301,957,981]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">MNHN.F.50180</specimenCode>
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(field number: 17FN14)
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B763CBDA20DFFBD8A43FC60E5B1E9AC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3921372330" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" specimenCode="MNHN.F.50181" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="DBB89E9BA20DFFBD8A43FC60E59BE996" box="[551,720,957,981]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">MNHN.F.50181</specimenCode>
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(field number: 19NAT03-2). Estimated minimal diameter:17-51(-81) cm
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</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation id="3B763CBDA20DFFBD88E6FC2FE56AEE49" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3921372314" box="[130,545,1010,1034]" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" specimenCode="MNHN.50179" specimenCount="1">
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<quantity id="4CE69B05A20DFFBD88E6FC2FE7B0EE4A" box="[130,251,1010,1034]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" unit="cm" value="180.0" valueMax="230.0" valueMin="130.0">130-230 cm</quantity>
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for specimen
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<specimenCode id="DBB89E9BA20DFFBD89E1FC2FE56AEE49" box="[389,545,1010,1034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">MNHN.50179</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20DFFBD8A45FC2FE56EEE49" blockId="13.[130,775,930,1034]" box="[545,549,1010,1034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20DFFBD88E0FBFFE59AEE79" blockId="13.[132,721,1058,1082]" box="[132,721,1058,1082]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">
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LOCALITY. — Kalewa Township,
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<collectingRegion id="49DAF802A20DFFBD89ACFBFFE52AEE79" box="[456,609,1058,1082]" country="Myanmar" name="Sagaing" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Sagaing Region</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3097670A20DFFBD8A0FFBFFE586EE79" box="[619,717,1058,1082]" name="Myanmar" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BA20DFFBF88E0FB8CE5E8EB32" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="866" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20DFFBD88E0FB8CE5C3EE2A" blockId="13.[132,648,1105,1129]" box="[132,648,1105,1129]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">AGE. — Upper lower to lowermost middle Miocene.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20DFFBD88E0FB49E4E5EAB1" blockId="13.[130,778,1172,2028]" lastBlockId="13.[809,1457,216,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">
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DESCRIPTION Wood diffuse-porous. Growth rings present, marked by marginal parenchyma bands (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A20DFFBD89C1FB09E6B7EEAD" box="[421,508,1236,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,157,1640,1657]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-160@14.[698,1267,767,1322]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Koompassioxylon elegans Kramer, MNHN.F.50180 (A-E, G), MNHN.F.50181 (F): A, Ts, vessel size and groups, aliform parenchyma with pointed wings and marginal parenchyma sometimes merged with small vessels (arrow); B, Ts,detail of winged-aliform parenchyma;C, Tls,non-vestured,alternate and polygonal intervessel pits; D, Tls, 2-3-seriate rays with crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); E, Tls, detail of the chambered crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); F: storied ray tendency, mostly 2-3-seriate rays; G, Rls, heterocellular rays with crystals in upright (sometimes subdivided) marginal cells (arrow). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; F, 500 µm; B, D-E, G, 200 µm; C, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145317/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
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). Vessels mostly solitary (70-90%) or grouped by 2 or 3 (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A20DFFBD8984FB2EE579EF4D" box="[480,562,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,157,1640,1657]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-160@14.[698,1267,767,1322]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Koompassioxylon elegans Kramer, MNHN.F.50180 (A-E, G), MNHN.F.50181 (F): A, Ts, vessel size and groups, aliform parenchyma with pointed wings and marginal parenchyma sometimes merged with small vessels (arrow); B, Ts,detail of winged-aliform parenchyma;C, Tls,non-vestured,alternate and polygonal intervessel pits; D, Tls, 2-3-seriate rays with crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); E, Tls, detail of the chambered crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); F: storied ray tendency, mostly 2-3-seriate rays; G, Rls, heterocellular rays with crystals in upright (sometimes subdivided) marginal cells (arrow). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; F, 500 µm; B, D-E, G, 200 µm; C, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145317/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
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), oval, 0-6 per mm² (average: 3); tangential diameter 120-370 µm (average: 230). Tyloses absent. Vessel elements 160-570 µm long (average: 340). Perforation plates simple horizontal to slightly oblique. Vessel pits alternate, 6-11 µm (average: 8) in diameter, likely non-vestured (for specimen MNHN.F.50180, see
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A20DFFBD8AC2FA4EE5B2EFEE" box="[678,761,1427,1453]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,157,1640,1657]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-160@14.[698,1267,767,1322]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Koompassioxylon elegans Kramer, MNHN.F.50180 (A-E, G), MNHN.F.50181 (F): A, Ts, vessel size and groups, aliform parenchyma with pointed wings and marginal parenchyma sometimes merged with small vessels (arrow); B, Ts,detail of winged-aliform parenchyma;C, Tls,non-vestured,alternate and polygonal intervessel pits; D, Tls, 2-3-seriate rays with crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); E, Tls, detail of the chambered crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); F: storied ray tendency, mostly 2-3-seriate rays; G, Rls, heterocellular rays with crystals in upright (sometimes subdivided) marginal cells (arrow). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; F, 500 µm; B, D-E, G, 200 µm; C, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145317/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
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). Vessel-ray pits not preserved. Parenchyma widely wingedaliform (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65A20DFFBD8880FA0EE61CEFAE" box="[228,343,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,157,1640,1657]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-160@14.[698,1267,767,1322]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Koompassioxylon elegans Kramer, MNHN.F.50180 (A-E, G), MNHN.F.50181 (F): A, Ts, vessel size and groups, aliform parenchyma with pointed wings and marginal parenchyma sometimes merged with small vessels (arrow); B, Ts,detail of winged-aliform parenchyma;C, Tls,non-vestured,alternate and polygonal intervessel pits; D, Tls, 2-3-seriate rays with crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); E, Tls, detail of the chambered crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); F: storied ray tendency, mostly 2-3-seriate rays; G, Rls, heterocellular rays with crystals in upright (sometimes subdivided) marginal cells (arrow). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; F, 500 µm; B, D-E, G, 200 µm; C, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145317/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
), also confluent laterally or in diagonal, forming anastomosed and/or band-like shapes, joining up to 10 vessels depending on the specimen and the position in the wood (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65A20DFFBD88A8F9EFE650EC0E" box="[204,283,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,157,1640,1657]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-160@14.[698,1267,767,1322]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Koompassioxylon elegans Kramer, MNHN.F.50180 (A-E, G), MNHN.F.50181 (F): A, Ts, vessel size and groups, aliform parenchyma with pointed wings and marginal parenchyma sometimes merged with small vessels (arrow); B, Ts,detail of winged-aliform parenchyma;C, Tls,non-vestured,alternate and polygonal intervessel pits; D, Tls, 2-3-seriate rays with crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); E, Tls, detail of the chambered crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); F: storied ray tendency, mostly 2-3-seriate rays; G, Rls, heterocellular rays with crystals in upright (sometimes subdivided) marginal cells (arrow). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; F, 500 µm; B, D-E, G, 200 µm; C, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145317/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
), also in 1-7 cells wide marginal bands enclosing some small vessels (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65A20DFFBD8936F98FE6E8EC2E" box="[338,419,1618,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,157,1468,1485]" captionTargetBox="[133,1455,215,1425]" captionTargetId="figure-285@12.[698,1267,773,1333]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 5. — Cynometroxylon parainaequifolium Prakash,MNHN.F.50176 (A-C, E), MNHN.F.50177 (D, F), MNHN.F.50178 (G): A, Ts, vessels, parenchyma alternately banded, aliform and vasicentric, growth limits between arrows; B, Tls, 1-3 seriate rays, non-septate fibres; C, Rls, heterocellular rays with 1-2 rows of marginal cells (arrows); D, Tls, mostly 2-seriate rays with parenchyma sometimes crystalliferous (arrow); E, Tls, alternate intervessel pits; F, Ts, banded and aliform parenchyma; G: Ts, banded and aliform parenchyma. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; F-G, 500 µm; B, D, 200 µm; C, 100 µm; E, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145315/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
), maybe rare diffuse parenchyma; parenchyma cells 30-145 µm long (average: 85), 10-50 µm wide (average: 30); 4-8 or more cells per parenchyma strand; crystals in chambered parenchyma cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65A20DFFBD8A27F96FE5F0EC8E" box="[579,699,1714,1741]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,157,1640,1657]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-160@14.[698,1267,767,1322]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Koompassioxylon elegans Kramer, MNHN.F.50180 (A-E, G), MNHN.F.50181 (F): A, Ts, vessel size and groups, aliform parenchyma with pointed wings and marginal parenchyma sometimes merged with small vessels (arrow); B, Ts,detail of winged-aliform parenchyma;C, Tls,non-vestured,alternate and polygonal intervessel pits; D, Tls, 2-3-seriate rays with crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); E, Tls, detail of the chambered crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); F: storied ray tendency, mostly 2-3-seriate rays; G, Rls, heterocellular rays with crystals in upright (sometimes subdivided) marginal cells (arrow). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; F, 500 µm; B, D-E, G, 200 µm; C, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145317/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Fig. 6D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), especially in border ones. Rays 2- to 3-seriate (mainly 3, rarely 4) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65A20DFFBD88CEF92FE657ED4F" box="[170,284,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,157,1640,1657]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-160@14.[698,1267,767,1322]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Koompassioxylon elegans Kramer, MNHN.F.50180 (A-E, G), MNHN.F.50181 (F): A, Ts, vessel size and groups, aliform parenchyma with pointed wings and marginal parenchyma sometimes merged with small vessels (arrow); B, Ts,detail of winged-aliform parenchyma;C, Tls,non-vestured,alternate and polygonal intervessel pits; D, Tls, 2-3-seriate rays with crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); E, Tls, detail of the chambered crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); F: storied ray tendency, mostly 2-3-seriate rays; G, Rls, heterocellular rays with crystals in upright (sometimes subdivided) marginal cells (arrow). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; F, 500 µm; B, D-E, G, 200 µm; C, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145317/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Fig. 6D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), tendency to storied arrangement resulting in discreet ripple marks visible in some parts with the naked eye (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65A20DFFBD88E9F8ECE793ED0F" box="[141,216,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,157,1640,1657]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-160@14.[698,1267,767,1322]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Koompassioxylon elegans Kramer, MNHN.F.50180 (A-E, G), MNHN.F.50181 (F): A, Ts, vessel size and groups, aliform parenchyma with pointed wings and marginal parenchyma sometimes merged with small vessels (arrow); B, Ts,detail of winged-aliform parenchyma;C, Tls,non-vestured,alternate and polygonal intervessel pits; D, Tls, 2-3-seriate rays with crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); E, Tls, detail of the chambered crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); F: storied ray tendency, mostly 2-3-seriate rays; G, Rls, heterocellular rays with crystals in upright (sometimes subdivided) marginal cells (arrow). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; F, 500 µm; B, D-E, G, 200 µm; C, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145317/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
), 3-10 rays per mm (average: 7), 160-490 µm (average: 340 µm) or up to 18 cells high, heterocellular with 1-2 rows of upright or square cells at both ends (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65A20DFFBD8A41F8ACE532EDC8" box="[549,633,1905,1931]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,157,1640,1657]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-160@14.[698,1267,767,1322]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Koompassioxylon elegans Kramer, MNHN.F.50180 (A-E, G), MNHN.F.50181 (F): A, Ts, vessel size and groups, aliform parenchyma with pointed wings and marginal parenchyma sometimes merged with small vessels (arrow); B, Ts,detail of winged-aliform parenchyma;C, Tls,non-vestured,alternate and polygonal intervessel pits; D, Tls, 2-3-seriate rays with crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); E, Tls, detail of the chambered crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); F: storied ray tendency, mostly 2-3-seriate rays; G, Rls, heterocellular rays with crystals in upright (sometimes subdivided) marginal cells (arrow). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; F, 500 µm; B, D-E, G, 200 µm; C, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145317/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
|
||
); 1-2 crystals in upright ray cells, sometimes subdivided (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65A20DFFBD8A38F84CE5F9EDE8" box="[604,690,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,157,1640,1657]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-160@14.[698,1267,767,1322]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Koompassioxylon elegans Kramer, MNHN.F.50180 (A-E, G), MNHN.F.50181 (F): A, Ts, vessel size and groups, aliform parenchyma with pointed wings and marginal parenchyma sometimes merged with small vessels (arrow); B, Ts,detail of winged-aliform parenchyma;C, Tls,non-vestured,alternate and polygonal intervessel pits; D, Tls, 2-3-seriate rays with crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); E, Tls, detail of the chambered crystalliferous parenchyma (arrow); F: storied ray tendency, mostly 2-3-seriate rays; G, Rls, heterocellular rays with crystals in upright (sometimes subdivided) marginal cells (arrow). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; F, 500 µm; B, D-E, G, 200 µm; C, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145317/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fibres thin-to-thick walled (lumina about 0.84 times the double wall thickness), non-septate, 8-22 µm (average: 14 µm) wide. DISCUSSION
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20DFFBD8B49FF2AE210EF4D" blockId="13.[809,1457,216,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">
|
||
These specimens are characterized by: 1) diffuse-porous wood; 2) large vessels (> 200 µm); 3) exclusively simple perforation plates; 4) crystalliferous winged-aliform and confluent parenchyma; 5) marginal parenchyma bands; 6) 2- to 3-seriate rays with a storied tendency; 7) low vessel density; 8) heterocellular rays; and 9) crystalliferous rays. Aliform parenchyma, marginal parenchyma and 2-3 seriate rays are common features in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8B4FFE0BE4C7EBB3" box="[811,908,470,496]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Modern analogs with all characteristics cited above have not been found on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20DFFBD8C58FE2BE24EE853" author="INSIDEWOOD" box="[1084,1285,502,528]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" refId="ref42546" refString="INSIDEWOOD 2004 - onward. - Published on the Internet. Available from http: // insidewood. lib. ncsu. edu / search" type="url" year="2004">InsideWood (2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
-onward), but a less restrictive code (5p 13p 22p 40a 48a 49a 50a 65a 80p 82p 83p 89p 96a 97p 99a 105a 108a 109a 116a 136p 137p 142p with 0 mismatches) shows similarities with:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8C89FD8BE43DE8D3" authority="Benth." authorityName="Benth." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dalbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="assamica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8C89FD8BE2E6E833" box="[1261,1453,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Dalbergia assamica</emphasis>
|
||
Benth.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8B1AFDABE3A5E8D3" authority="Baill." authorityName="Baill." box="[894,1262,630,656]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Distemonanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="benthamianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8B1AFDABE3FAE8D3" box="[894,1201,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Distemonanthus benthamianus</emphasis>
|
||
Baill.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8C97FDABE2E7E8D3" authority="Taub." authorityName="Taub." box="[1267,1452,630,656]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Angylocalyx" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8C97FDABE223E8D3" box="[1267,1384,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Angylocalyx</emphasis>
|
||
Taub.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8B4DFD4BE388E8F3" authority="(Roxb.) Ohashi" authorityName="Ohashi" baseAuthorityName="Roxb." box="[809,1219,662,689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Desmodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oojeinense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8B4DFD4BE35BE8EC" box="[809,1040,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Desmodium oojeinense</emphasis>
|
||
(Roxb.) Ohashi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and several species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8B4AFD6BE49BE88C" authority="Jacks." authorityName="Jacks." box="[814,976,693,720]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Ormosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8B4AFD6BE4C2E893" box="[814,905,694,720]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Ormosia</emphasis>
|
||
Jacks.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which either lack storied features, crystals, have all elements storied or diffuse parenchyma (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20DFFBD8D4AFD08E42CE94C" author="INSIDEWOOD" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" refId="ref42546" refString="INSIDEWOOD 2004 - onward. - Published on the Internet. Available from http: // insidewood. lib. ncsu. edu / search" type="url" year="2004">InsideWood 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
-onward,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20DFFBD8BB0FD28E3D0E94C" author="OGATA K. & FUJII T. & ABE H. & BAAS P." box="[980,1179,757,783]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" refId="ref45115" refString="OGATA K., FUJII T., ABE H. & BAAS P. 2008. - Identification of the Timbers of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. Kaiseisha Press, Otsu-shi, 408 p. http: // www. worldcat. org / oclc / 1087889669" type="book" year="2008">
|
||
Ogata
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8C45FD2BE313E94C" box="[1057,1112,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). When considering the possible non-vestured pits of one of our specimens,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8D37FCC8E4A8E913" authority="Kosterm." authorityName="Kosterm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Kalappia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="celebica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8D37FCC8E432E90C" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Kalappia celebica</emphasis>
|
||
Kosterm.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8C7DFCEBE22BE90C" authority="Maingay ex Benth." authorityName="Benth." box="[1049,1376,821,848]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8C7DFCEBE3C4E90C" box="[1049,1167,822,847]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Koompassia</emphasis>
|
||
Maingay ex Benth.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the closest genera, but the former has well-marked storied rays with no crystals in marginal cells (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20DFFBD8C02FCA8E26AE9CC" author="OGATA K. & FUJII T. & ABE H. & BAAS P." box="[1126,1313,885,911]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" refId="ref45115" refString="OGATA K., FUJII T., ABE H. & BAAS P. 2008. - Identification of the Timbers of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. Kaiseisha Press, Otsu-shi, 408 p. http: // www. worldcat. org / oclc / 1087889669" type="book" year="2008">
|
||
Ogata
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8CCBFCABE3A8E9CC" box="[1199,1251,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8D5DFCABE2E4E9CC" box="[1337,1455,886,911]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8D5DFCABE2E4E9CC" box="[1337,1455,886,911]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Koompassia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is thus the best living relative as it has irregularly storied rays, non-vestured pits, crystals in rays and parenchyma, aliformconfluent, sometimes winged-aliform parenchyma and marginal parenchyma bands.The preservation state of our specimens is yet not good enough to determine whether the pits are vestured or not for all the specimens. In this genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8CA5FBE8E2FBEE0D" authority="(Becc.) Taub." authorityName="Taub." baseAuthorityName="Becc." box="[1217,1456,1076,1102]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8CA5FBE8E254EE0D" box="[1217,1311,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">K. excelsa</emphasis>
|
||
(Becc.) Taub.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has more often banded parenchyma, often crystals in upright ray cells;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8BF6FBA8E338EECD" authority="Benth." authorityName="Benth." box="[914,1139,1140,1166]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malaccensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8BF6FBA8E36FEECD" box="[914,1060,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">K. malaccensis</emphasis>
|
||
Benth.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bears the closest resemblance with our specimens, and has aliform-confluent parenchyma, sometimes pointed at the extremities, but less often crystals in upright ray cells than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8C4BFB09E3C5EEAD" box="[1071,1166,1236,1262]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8C4BFB09E3C5EEAD" box="[1071,1166,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">K. excelsa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20DFFBD8CFAFB09E42FEF4D" author="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J." pageId="13" pageNumber="864" refId="ref47964" refString="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J. (eds) 1993. - Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, 610 p. (Plant resources of South-East Asia [PRO- SEA], 5 [1]). https: // www. sudoc. fr / 013093835" type="book" year="1993">Soerianegara & Lemmens 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20DFFBD8B15FB2EE364EF4D" author="INSIDEWOOD" box="[881,1071,1267,1294]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" refId="ref42546" refString="INSIDEWOOD 2004 - onward. - Published on the Internet. Available from http: // insidewood. lib. ncsu. edu / search" type="url" year="2004">InsideWood 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
-onward;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20DFFBD8CF1FB29E200EF4D" author="OGATA K. & FUJII T. & ABE H. & BAAS P." box="[1173,1355,1267,1294]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" refId="ref45115" refString="OGATA K., FUJII T., ABE H. & BAAS P. 2008. - Identification of the Timbers of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. Kaiseisha Press, Otsu-shi, 408 p. http: // www. worldcat. org / oclc / 1087889669" type="book" year="2008">
|
||
Ogata
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8CB8FB29E245EF4E" box="[1244,1294,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20DFFBD8B27FAC9E480ECAF" blockId="13.[809,1457,216,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20DFFBD8B27FAC9E4A9EF6D" author="KRAMER K." box="[835,994,1300,1326]" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" pagination="45 - 181" refId="ref42922" refString="KRAMER K. 1974. - Die tertiaren Holzer Sudost-Asiens (unter Ausschluss der Dipterocarpaceae) 1. Teil. Palaeontographica Abteilung B 144 (3 - 6): 45 - 181." type="journal article" year="1974">Kramer (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
defined the fossil genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8C84FACEE2C1EF6E" box="[1248,1418,1299,1325]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8C84FACEE2C1EF6E" box="[1248,1418,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Koompassioxylon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for fossils resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8B85FAE9E31EEF0E" box="[993,1109,1332,1357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8B85FAE9E31EEF0E" box="[993,1109,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Koompassia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8C00FAE9E3B9EF0E" box="[1124,1266,1331,1357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malaccensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8C00FAE9E3B9EF0E" box="[1124,1266,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">K. malaccensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
more specifically). The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8BC2FA8EE318EF2E" box="[934,1107,1363,1389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8BC2FA8EE318EF2E" box="[934,1107,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Koompassioxylon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is thus described with marginal parenchyma, vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits, crystalliferous aliform-confluent to winged aliform parenchyma, 2-4 seriate rays with irregularly storied pattern, heterocellular rays with at least one row of upright marginal cells, sometimes subdivided with crystal included. In opposition to the modern relative
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8BE5F9CEE4BCEC6F" box="[897,1015,1555,1580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8BE5F9CEE4BCEC6F" box="[897,1015,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Koompassia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has non-vestured intervessel pits,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8B4AF9EFE49CEC0F" box="[814,983,1586,1612]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8B4AF9EFE49CEC0F" box="[814,983,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Koompassioxylon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has vestured intervessel pits.The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8D0CF9EEE371EC2F" authority="Bande & Prakash" authorityName="Bande & Prakash" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Ormosioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8D0CF9EEE437EC2F" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Ormosioxylon</emphasis>
|
||
Bande & Prakash
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20DFFBD8C93F98FE43EECCE" author="PRAKASH U. & BANDE M. B." pageId="13" pageNumber="864" pagination="261 - 278" refId="ref46302" refString="PRAKASH U. & BANDE M. B. 1980. - Some more fossil woods from the Tertiary of Burma. The Palaeobotanist 26 (3): 261 - 278 (1977). https: // doi. org / 10.54991 / jop. 1977.1071" type="journal article" year="1980">Bande & Prakash (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for wood specimens resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8CA5F9AEE253ECCE" box="[1217,1304,1651,1677]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Ormosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8CA5F9AEE253ECCE" box="[1217,1304,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Ormosia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although the two diagnoses significantly overlap,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8CC7F94FE264ECEF" box="[1187,1327,1682,1708]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Ormosioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8CC7F94FE264ECEF" box="[1187,1327,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Ormosioxylon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described without any mineral inclusion, which is not compatible with our specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20DFFBE8B27F92FE53AEDAF" blockId="13.[809,1457,216,2028]" lastBlockId="14.[130,776,1810,2028]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="865" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">
|
||
Vestured/non-vestured intervessel pits are very delicate to observe in fossils and should be considered whith great caution according toWheeler
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8C5AF8EFE324ED08" box="[1086,1135,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020).With this limitation in mind, our fossils share most of the features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8C9BF88CE2E3ED28" box="[1279,1448,1873,1899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8C9BF88CE2E3ED28" box="[1279,1448,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Koompassioxylon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among the two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8C55F8ACE39CEDC8" box="[1073,1239,1905,1931]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8C55F8ACE39CEDC8" box="[1073,1239,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">Koompassioxylon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8C80F8AFE35FEDEF" authority="Srivastava & Awasthi (1996)" authorityName="Srivastava & Awasthi" authorityYear="1996" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keralaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8C80F8AFE22CEDC8" box="[1252,1383,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">K. keralaensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20DFFBD8D0FF8ACE35FEDEF" author="SRIVASTAVA R. & AWASTHI N." pageId="13" pageNumber="864" pagination="89 - 98" refId="ref48091" refString="SRIVASTAVA R. & AWASTHI N. 1996. - Fossil woods from Neogene of Warkalli beds of Kerala Coast and their Paleoecologica significance. Geophytology 26 (1): 89 - 98." type="journal article" year="1996">Srivastava & Awasthi (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has less frequent confluent parenchyma, mostly homocellular rays, irregularly storied parenchyma and rays, and no crystals; by contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20DFFBD8CEAF80FE3BAEDA8" box="[1166,1265,2001,2027]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="864" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20DFFBD8CEAF80FE3BAEDA8" box="[1166,1265,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="864">K. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more similar to our fossil specimens as it has marginal parenchyma, as well as pointed aliform-confluent with crystals, weakly heterocellular rays with crystalliferous upright marginal cells, a storied ray tendency, but it has mainly 2-seriate rays (compared to mainly 3-seriate in our specimens). This minor difference aside, and with the exception of possibly non-vestured pits, our specimens are compatible with the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20EFFBE8A63F80FE521EDA8" box="[519,618,2001,2027]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="865" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20EFFBE8A63F80FE521EDA8" box="[519,618,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="865">K. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF616668A20EFFBE88E0F9B5E5E5EC90" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145317" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7145317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145317/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="865" startId="14.[132,157,1640,1657]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1598]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20EFFBE88E0F9B5E5E5EC90" blockId="14.[132,1457,1640,1747]" pageId="14" pageNumber="865">
|
||
FIG. 6. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20EFFBE88B7F9B5E509EC3A" authority="Kramer, MNHN. F." authorityName="Kramer, MNHN. F." box="[211,578,1640,1657]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="865" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20EFFBE88B7F9B5E6E0EC3A" box="[211,427,1640,1657]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="865">Koompassioxylon elegans</emphasis>
|
||
Kramer, MNHN.F.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
50180 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20EFFBE8AE6F9B5E5E9EC3A" bold="true" box="[642,674,1640,1657]" pageId="14" pageNumber="865">A -E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20EFFBE8AC8F9B5E5F1EC3A" bold="true" box="[684,698,1640,1657]" pageId="14" pageNumber="865">G</emphasis>
|
||
), MNHN.F.50181 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20EFFBE8B30F9B5E414EC3A" bold="true" box="[852,863,1640,1657]" pageId="14" pageNumber="865">F</emphasis>
|
||
):
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20EFFBE8B0AF9B5E430EC3A" bold="true" box="[878,891,1640,1657]" pageId="14" pageNumber="865">A</emphasis>
|
||
, Ts, vessel size and groups, aliform parenchyma with pointed wings and marginal parenchyma sometimes merged with small vessels (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20EFFBE8AFDF9A3E587ECCC" bold="true" box="[665,716,1662,1679]" pageId="14" pageNumber="865">arrow</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20EFFBE8ABEF9A3E5ACECCC" bold="true" box="[730,743,1662,1679]" pageId="14" pageNumber="865">B</emphasis>
|
||
, Ts,detail of winged-aliform parenchyma;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20EFFBE8C25F9A3E304ECCC" bold="true" box="[1089,1103,1662,1679]" pageId="14" pageNumber="865">C</emphasis>
|
||
, Tls,non-vestured,alternate and polygonal intervessel pits;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20EFFBE8968F948E651ECE5" bold="true" box="[268,282,1685,1702]" pageId="14" pageNumber="865">D</emphasis>
|
||
, Tls, 2-3-seriate rays with crystalliferous parenchyma (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20EFFBE8A81F948E452ECE5" bold="true" box="[741,793,1685,1702]" pageId="14" pageNumber="865">arrow</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20EFFBE8B4DF948E47EECE5" bold="true" box="[809,821,1685,1702]" pageId="14" pageNumber="865">E</emphasis>
|
||
, Tls, detail of the chambered crystalliferous parenchyma (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20EFFBE8D78F948E21BECE5" bold="true" box="[1308,1360,1685,1702]" pageId="14" pageNumber="865">arrow</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20EFFBE8D04F948E220ECE5" bold="true" box="[1376,1387,1685,1702]" pageId="14" pageNumber="865">F</emphasis>
|
||
: storied ray tendency, mostly 2-3-seriate rays;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20EFFBE89AEF971E693ECFE" bold="true" box="[458,472,1708,1725]" pageId="14" pageNumber="865">G</emphasis>
|
||
, Rls, heterocellular rays with crystals in upright (sometimes subdivided) marginal cells (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20EFFBE8CDDF971E3A6ECFE" bold="true" box="[1209,1261,1708,1725]" pageId="14" pageNumber="865">arrow</emphasis>
|
||
). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; F, 500 µm; B, D-E, G, 200 µm; C, 20 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A20EFFBF8B27F8CFE5E8EB32" blockId="14.[810,1456,1810,2028]" lastBlockId="15.[131,775,215,369]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="866" pageId="14" pageNumber="865">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20EFFBE8B27F8CFE4FEED68" box="[835,949,1810,1835]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="865" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20EFFBE8B27F8CFE4FEED68" box="[835,949,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="865">Koompassia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a genus of Southeast Asian tropical trees growing in primary rainforests, coastal plain, foothills, ridge slopes and river valleys, and occasionally in peat and freshwater swamps, below
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05A20EFFBE8B0BF8ACE4FFEDCF" box="[879,948,1905,1932]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="865" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</quantity>
|
||
altitude (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20EFFBE8C7EF8ACE22DEDC8" author="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J." box="[1050,1382,1905,1932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="865" refId="ref47964" refString="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J. (eds) 1993. - Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, 610 p. (Plant resources of South-East Asia [PRO- SEA], 5 [1]). https: // www. sudoc. fr / 013093835" type="book" year="1993">Soerianegara & Lemmens 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20EFFBE8D16F8ACE4D7EDEF" author="LEWIS G. P. & SCHRIRE B. & MACKINDER B. & LOCK M." pageId="14" pageNumber="865" refId="ref43537" refString="LEWIS G. P., SCHRIRE B., MACKINDER B. A & LOCK M. 2005. - Legumes of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 577 p. http: // www. worldcat. org / oclc / 491996118" type="book" year="2005">
|
||
Lewis
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20EFFBE8B49F84FE414EDE8" box="[813,863,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="865">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20EFFBE8BD6F84FE361EDE8" box="[946,1066,1938,1963]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="865" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20EFFBE8BD6F84FE361EDE8" box="[946,1066,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="865">Koompassia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are large trees, often dominating the canopy; the large estimated diameter of our specimens is in adequacy with this genus of ‘giant’ trees. Indeed, they can grow up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05A20FFFBF8966FF0AE670EAB1" box="[258,315,215,242]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" unit="m" value="85.0">85 m</quantity>
|
||
tall, with a diameter up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05A20FFFBF8A01FF0AE5FCEAB1" box="[613,695,215,242]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" unit="cm" value="290.0">290 cm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20FFFBF8AA3FF0AE6EDEB52" author="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J." pageId="15" pageNumber="866" refId="ref47964" refString="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J. (eds) 1993. - Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, 610 p. (Plant resources of South-East Asia [PRO- SEA], 5 [1]). https: // www. sudoc. fr / 013093835" type="book" year="1993">Soerianegara & Lemmens 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A20FFFBF89DAFF25E5F8EB52" box="[446,691,247,273]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Koompassia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malaccensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF89DAFF25E5F8EB52" box="[446,691,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">Koompassia malaccensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lives in lowland forests and in freshwater peat and swamp forests, as well as in dry lands up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05A20FFFBF89EBFEEAE69EEB12" box="[399,469,311,338]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
|
||
altitude (rarely up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05A20FFFBF8ADEFEEAE449EB12" box="[698,770,311,337]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20FFFBF88E7FE8AE693EB32" author="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J." box="[131,472,343,369]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" refId="ref47964" refString="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J. (eds) 1993. - Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, 610 p. (Plant resources of South-East Asia [PRO- SEA], 5 [1]). https: // www. sudoc. fr / 013093835" type="book" year="1993">Soerianegara & Lemmens 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A20FFFBF898CFE8AE5D8EB32" author="HOU D. & LARSEN K. & LARSEN S. S." box="[488,659,343,369]" pageId="15" pageNumber="866" pagination="409 - 730" refId="ref42189" refString="HOU D., LARSEN K. & LARSEN S. S. 1996. - Caesalpiniaceae (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae). Flora Malesiana, Series 1, Spermatophyta 12 (2): 409 - 730. https: // repository. naturalis. nl / pub / 532557" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Hou
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A20FFFBF8A45FE85E51FEB32" box="[545,596,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="866">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |