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<document id="AAD536A4E76F247290A769578510F408" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.172647" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bd301d79-45fa-45cc-a50d-d797afd739c2" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="172647" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459759736672" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ziegler, Thomas &amp; Quyet, Le Khac" docDate="2006" docId="03B05158FFE2FFD6FE8FFB7596BA107A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01225p056.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1225" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Amphiesma andreae Ziegler &amp; Quyet, 2006, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="FF892920FFE0FFDBFF87FFF995321722" masterDocTitle="A new natricine snake of the genus Amphiesma (Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae) from the central Truong Son, Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1698214724263" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="1669C872A9D76B3CFAAD25DE28EF64CA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="5B10DA7812BEC49B57556084A2F857A9">
<mods:title id="BD9026D2E254B8F7F8569033B17B9C0B">A new natricine snake of the genus Amphiesma (Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae) from the central Truong Son, Vietnam</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="EB61C65865648BAF23BFB71E47802E85" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4006C87DB0E5DC7B102C55A18E6F0685">
<mods:roleTerm id="0CC02FA08FC40F64280339CC33A68743">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F13EE569240DB64FB1EB265CABB05AFF">Ziegler, Thomas</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="CD1C5AF477DDF122C9FF300BC4429DD4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="335770FA9DD17C01CC6FDC73352EE39B">
<mods:roleTerm id="9200F4218BCFED2EEF9381E6DFF2D2A2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="71D3722E8E5D7672D09E23FC148DC33D">Quyet, Le Khac</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="4A8E6CCA0DE3584423780CBF81C21268">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="6A16F706629B16F48B6AAEB36E009C11" type="host">
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<mods:title id="DEC4FC398BC3E45BC3E9DC2951622838">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="DA5B0FA88C6607058A70DB531ACF6EDA">
<mods:date id="12E9E228C4DB00ECCA7DFF6C14769599">2006</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="8C3FE109A668B628F2E3A59243DE860A" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A9FC4817FB2A4A2D6613AB3C0B64B5D2">1225</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="1E5CDCEFA3DE3B2C5A21B88084E41164" unit="page">
<mods:start id="C9B666A77EA6539DCC72ADC194675354">39</mods:start>
<mods:end id="DBF860F75895DE805605172A89471D2B">56</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="9AB7429B5F4EBD5092A6A4C0ABB03C9B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="27B84EA542FF38B91A7309DD4373266A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.172647</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="850450D91C7DA770C27553617C7BD691" type="GBIF-Dataset">bd301d79-45fa-45cc-a50d-d797afd739c2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DCE3D56E365B50E7F642B8020C72F348" type="ISSN">1175­5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C55A64B40B2D439C81EE2266A45B4712" type="Zenodo-Dep">172647</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03B05158FFE2FFD6FE8FFB7596BA107A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6258501" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119344566" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6258501" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B05158FFE2FFD6FE8FFB7596BA107A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B05158FFE2FFD6FE8FFB7596BA107A" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
<subSubSection id="C303B3C5FFE2FFD9FE8FFB7594A813EB" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE2FFD9FE8FFB7597781384" blockId="2.[264,586,1164,1225]" box="[264,586,1164,1190]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
<heading id="D0EE5722FFE2FFD9FE8FFB7597781384" bold="true" box="[264,586,1164,1190]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE2FFD9FE8FFB7597781384" bold="true" box="[264,586,1164,1190]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE2FFD9FE8FFB7597331384" box="[264,513,1164,1190]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andreae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE2FFD9FE8FFB7597331384" bold="true" box="[264,513,1164,1190]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Amphiesma andreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E8127FFE2FFD9FD8FFB7597781384" box="[520,586,1164,1190]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE2FFD9FE8FFB5694A813EB" blockId="2.[264,586,1164,1225]" box="[264,410,1199,1225]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Figures 1–9.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303B3C5FFE2FFD9FE8FFB06913D12B3" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE2FFD9FE8FFB069446123A" blockId="2.[264,1325,1279,1425]" box="[264,372,1279,1304]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
<typeStatus id="54A25EECFFE2FFD9FE8FFB069446123A" box="[264,372,1279,1304]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE2FFD9FE8FFB069446123A" box="[264,372,1279,1304]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE2FFD9FEBFFADE913D12B3" blockId="2.[264,1325,1279,1425]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
A male (
<collectionCode id="ED08788BFFE2FFD9FE25FADE94C41263" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[418,502,1319,1345]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">ZFMK</collectionCode>
83747), adjacent to Phong Nha — Ke Bang National Park, Thuong Hoa commune, Minh Hoa district, Quang Binh Province, central
<collectingCountry id="F30EA0DEFFE2FFD9FB95FAB6914A124B" box="[1042,1144,1359,1385]" name="Vietnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, collected on
<date id="FFA7C68EFFE2FFD9FA99FAB694AD12B3" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" value="2004-08-08">
8 August
<quantity id="4CE14DABFFE2FFD9FEE3FA8E94AD12B3" box="[356,415,1399,1425]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.090159999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="in" value="2004.0">2004</quantity>
</date>
in a limestone forest valley at an elevation of
<specimenCount id="9D1F2BC7FFE2FFD9FC39FA8E913D12B3" box="[958,1039,1399,1425]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CE14DABFFE2FFD9FC39FA8E913912B3" box="[958,1035,1399,1425]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303B3C5FFE2FFD8FE8FFA3E919615E4" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE2FFD9FE8FFA3E944D12C2" blockId="2.[264,1323,1479,1905]" box="[264,383,1479,1504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE2FFD9FE8FFA3E944D12C2" box="[264,383,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE2FFD8FEBFFA16919615E4" blockId="2.[264,1323,1479,1905]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1323,284,710]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE2FFD9FEBFFA169715112A" box="[312,551,1519,1544]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andreae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE2FFD9FEBFFA169715112A" box="[312,551,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Amphiesma andreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E8127FFE2FFD9FDA9FA179743112A" box="[558,625,1518,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE2FFD9FDA9FA179743112A" bold="true" box="[558,625,1518,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from all congeners on the basis of the following combination of characters: 1) Body and tail slender, tail cylindrical and tapering; tail/total length ratio 0.31; 2) the eye diameter, if projected forward, reaches beyond the suture of first and second supralabial; 3) a single loreal; 4) a single preocular; 5) three postoculars; 6) a single anterior followed by a single posterior temporal; 7) nine supralabials, fourth to sixth in contact with the eye, eighth supralabial largest; 8) nine infralabials, first pair in contact behind the mental, the first five border the anterior chinshields; 9) posterior chin­shields longer than anterior ones, separated on their entire length by gular scales; 10) 179 ventrals (plus two preventrals); 11) anal plate divided; 12) 99 divided subcaudals; 13) dorsal scales in 19­19­17 rows, keeled (except outermost row in the anterior body) with a narrow, sharp keel; 14) dorsal ground coloration brownish­olive, with a pale, black­edged bar before and behind the eye; head and neck with several pale, dark­edged blotches that turn into pale and black­edged transversal bars on the anterior body; such a transversal bar pattern dissolves anterior to the midbody region and then turns into a series of small pale blotches that build each a dorso­lateral stripe that ends at the dorsal tail base; 15) venter light, laterally with dark spots in the forebody region; 16) 34 maxillary teeth, arranged in a continuous series, the two posteriormost distinctly enlarged, without diastema; 17) hemipenis simple, with undivided sperm groove; the outer genital organ is covered with small spines except for a single, strongly enlarged spine next to the sperm groove at the hemipenis base and except for irregularly arranged mediumsized spines that encircle the hemipenis horizontally at the trunco­pedicel area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303B3C5FFE3FFD3FE8FFD05916913E5" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE3FFD8FE8FFD05972F1437" blockId="3.[264,1325,764,1870]" box="[264,541,764,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE3FFD8FE8FFD05972F1437" box="[264,541,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
Description of
<typeStatus id="54A25EECFFE3FFD8FE3FFD05972F1437" box="[440,541,764,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE3FFD8FEBFFCDD915B1324" blockId="3.[264,1325,764,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
Total length
<quantity id="4CE14DABFFE3FFD8FE55FCDD9708141C" box="[466,570,804,830]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.08" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="608.0">608 mm</quantity>
, snout­vent length
<quantity id="4CE14DABFFE3FFD8FCA3FCDD96B9141C" box="[804,907,804,830]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="420.0">420 mm</quantity>
, and tail length
<quantity id="4CE14DABFFE3FFD8FBD3FCDD9189141C" box="[1108,1211,804,830]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="188.0">188 mm</quantity>
; tail/total length ratio 0.31. Body and tail slender, tail cylindrical and tapering. The head is moderately distinct from the neck. The distance between the anterior corner of the large eye (with rounded pupil), and the snout tip (5.0 mm each) is larger than the horizontal diameter of the eye (3.3–3.4 mm); the eye diameter, if projected forward from the anterior rim of the orbit, reaches beyond the suture of first and second supralabial.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE3FFD8FEBFFBED96F0106C" blockId="3.[264,1325,764,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
Rostral wider than high, narrowly visible from above. Supranasals slightly longer than wide, somewhat truncate anteriorly. Suture between the supranasals slightly longer than the suture between the prefrontals, which are wider than long. Frontal longer than its distance from the snout tip, about equal in length to the interparietal suture. Parietals long and wide, shorter than their combined width, squarely truncate posteriorly. Nasal distinctly longer than high, divided into two parts on the lower half, with a rounded, lateral nostril in its middle. The anterior portion of the nasal is longer than the higher posterior portion. The single loreal is as broad as high, narrowing upwards. The single preocular is much higher than broad. Three postoculars, the upper one being the largest. One anterior and one posterior temporal. Nine supralabials, first and second in contact with the nasal, second to fourth in contact with the loreal, and fourth to sixth in contact with the eye, the eighth supralabial being the largest. Nine infralabials, first pair in contact behind the mental, the first five border the anterior chin­shields. Posterior chin­shields the longer pair, separated their entire length by gular scales. Gular scales between posterior chin­shields consist of a pair of tiny scales just behind the posterior tips of the anterior chin­shields, followed by a medium­sized scale and subsequently by a pair of large scales, posteriorly bordering the first preventral. 179 ventrals (counted according to
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE3FFD8FCF5F96D912C118C" author="Dowling" box="[882,1054,1684,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" refString="Dowling, H. G. (1951) A proposed standard system of counting ventrals in snakes. Br. J. Herpetol., 1, 97 - 99." type="journal article" year="1951">Dowling 1951</bibRefCitation>
) plus two preventrals; anal plate divided; 99 divided subcaudals (terminal scute excluded). Dorsal scales one head length behind head and at midbody in 19 rows, one head length before vent in 17 rows. Dorsal scale rows distinctly keeled with a narrow, sharp keel; somewhat beyond midbody also outermost dorsal scale row with distinct keel.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE4FFDFFE8FFD2090181062" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<table id="F91912EEFFE40024FE8FFD2090181040" box="[264,1322,729,1890]" gridcols="13" gridrows="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<tr id="3529E20CFFE40024FE8FFD2090181431" box="[264,1322,729,787]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<th id="76F88B70FFE40024FE8FFD2097171431" box="[264,549,729,787]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE4FFDFFE8FFD2094BC15D3" bold="true" box="[264,398,729,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Lateral view (ZFMK 83747).
</th>
<th id="76F88B70FFE40024FDABFD2097741431" box="[556,582,729,787]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">of</th>
<th id="76F88B70FFE40024FDCAFD2097401431" box="[589,626,729,787]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">the</th>
<th id="76F88B70FFE40024FDFEFD20979C1431" box="[633,686,729,787]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">head</th>
<th id="76F88B70FFE40024FD30FD2097E21431" box="[695,720,729,787]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">of</th>
<th id="76F88B70FFE40024FD5FFD2097C91431" box="[728,763,729,787]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">the</th>
<th id="76F88B70FFE40024FC83FD20965C1431" box="[772,878,729,787]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">preserved</th>
<th id="76F88B70FFE40024FCF0FD2096E41431" box="[887,982,729,787]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">holotype</th>
<th id="76F88B70FFE40024FC58FD2096C51431" box="[991,1015,729,787]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">of</th>
<th id="76F88B70FFE40024FB86FD20914D1431" box="[1025,1151,729,787]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE4FFDFFB85FD23914D15D3" box="[1026,1151,730,753]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE4FFDFFB85FD23914D15D3" box="[1026,1151,730,753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Amphiesma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76F88B70FFE40024FB0FFD2091ED1431" box="[1160,1247,729,787]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE4FFDFFB0EFD2391ED15D3" box="[1161,1247,730,753]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andreae">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE4FFDFFB0EFD2391ED15D3" box="[1161,1247,730,753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">andreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76F88B70FFE40024FB6DFD2090381431" box="[1258,1290,729,787]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE4FFDFFB6DFD20903815D3" bold="true" box="[1258,1290,729,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">sp.</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F88B70FFE40024FA92FD2090181431" box="[1301,1322,729,787]" gridcol="12" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE4FFDFFA92FD20901815D3" bold="true" box="[1301,1322,729,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">n.</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3529E20CFFE40024FE8FFAF490181265" box="[264,1322,1293,1351]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<th id="76F88B70FFE40024FE8FFAF497171265" box="[264,549,1293,1351]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE4FFDFFE8FFAF494BC1207" bold="true" box="[264,398,1293,1317]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Dorsal view (ZFMK 83747).
</th>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FDABFAF497741265" box="[556,582,1293,1351]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">of</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FDCAFAF497401265" box="[589,626,1293,1351]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">the</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FDFEFAF4979C1265" box="[633,686,1293,1351]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">head</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FD30FAF497E21265" box="[695,720,1293,1351]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">of</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FD5FFAF497C91265" box="[728,763,1293,1351]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">the</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FC83FAF4965C1265" box="[772,878,1293,1351]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">preserved</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FCF0FAF496E41265" box="[887,982,1293,1351]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">holotype</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FC58FAF496C51265" box="[991,1015,1293,1351]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">of</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FB86FAF4914D1265" box="[1025,1151,1293,1351]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE4FFDFFB86FAF7914C1207" box="[1025,1150,1294,1317]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE4FFDFFB86FAF7914C1207" box="[1025,1150,1294,1317]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Amphiesma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FB0FFAF491ED1265" box="[1160,1247,1293,1351]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE4FFDFFB0FFAF791EC1207" box="[1160,1246,1294,1317]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andreae">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE4FFDFFB0FFAF791EC1207" box="[1160,1246,1294,1317]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">andreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FB6DFAF490381265" box="[1258,1290,1293,1351]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE4FFDFFB6DFAF490381207" bold="true" box="[1258,1290,1293,1317]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">sp.</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FA92FAF490181265" box="[1301,1322,1293,1351]" gridcol="12" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE4FFDFFA92FAF490181207" bold="true" box="[1301,1322,1293,1317]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">n.</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3529E20CFFE40024FE8FF8D190181040" box="[264,1322,1832,1890]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<th id="76F88B70FFE40024FE8FF8D197171040" box="[264,549,1832,1890]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE4FFDFFE8FF8D194BC1062" bold="true" box="[264,398,1832,1856]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Ventral view (ZFMK 83747).
</th>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FDABF8D197741040" box="[556,582,1832,1890]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">of</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FDCAF8D197401040" box="[589,626,1832,1890]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">the</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FDFEF8D1979C1040" box="[633,686,1832,1890]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">head</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FD30F8D197E21040" box="[695,720,1832,1890]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">of</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FD5FF8D197C91040" box="[728,763,1832,1890]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">the</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FC83F8D1965C1040" box="[772,878,1832,1890]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">preserved</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FCF0F8D196E41040" box="[887,982,1832,1890]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">holotype</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FC58F8D196C51040" box="[991,1015,1832,1890]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">of</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FB86F8D1914D1040" box="[1025,1151,1832,1890]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE4FFDFFB85F8D1914C101D" box="[1026,1150,1832,1855]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE4FFDFFB85F8D1914C101D" box="[1026,1150,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Amphiesma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FB0FF8D191ED1040" box="[1160,1247,1832,1890]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE4FFDFFB0EF8D191ED101D" box="[1161,1247,1832,1855]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andreae">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE4FFDFFB0EF8D191ED101D" box="[1161,1247,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">andreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FB6DF8D190381040" box="[1258,1290,1832,1890]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">sp.</td>
<td id="76F88B70FFE40024FA92F8D190181040" box="[1301,1322,1832,1890]" gridcol="12" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">n.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF66B0C6FFE5FFDEFE8FFCB89029147A" box="[264,1307,833,857]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172648/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[415,1171,326,809]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE5FFDEFE8FFCB89029147A" blockId="5.[264,1307,833,857]" box="[264,1307,833,857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE5FFDEFE8FFCB894B8147B" bold="true" box="[264,394,833,857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Dorsal view of the preserved holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE5FFDEFCCBFCB89114147A" box="[844,1062,833,856]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andreae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE5FFDEFCCBFCB89114147A" box="[844,1062,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Amphiesma andreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E8127FFE5FFDEFBABFCB8915A147B" box="[1068,1128,833,857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE5FFDEFBABFCB8915A147B" bold="true" box="[1068,1128,833,857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(ZFMK 83747).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF66B0C6FFE5FFDEFE8FFA6C9010128F" box="[264,1314,1429,1453]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172649/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[415,1171,910,1405]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE5FFDEFE8FFA6C9010128F" blockId="5.[264,1314,1429,1453]" box="[264,1314,1429,1453]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE5FFDEFE8FFA6C94B8128F" bold="true" box="[264,394,1429,1453]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Ventral view of the preserved holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE5FFDEFCD4FA6F9119128F" box="[851,1067,1430,1453]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andreae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE5FFDEFCD4FA6F9119128F" box="[851,1067,1430,1453]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Amphiesma andreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E8127FFE5FFDEFBB4FA6C915C128F" box="[1075,1134,1429,1453]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE5FFDEFBB4FA6C915C128F" bold="true" box="[1075,1134,1429,1453]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(ZFMK 83747).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE5FFDDFEBFFA2297A613EC" blockId="5.[264,1323,1499,1885]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1324,284,1230]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
The formaldehyde­fixed and subsequently ethanol­preserved
<typeStatus id="54A25EECFFE5FFDEFB94FA22914B12D7" box="[1043,1145,1499,1525]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
has a greyishbrown dorsum, with the anterior portion of the body appearing lighter and the posterior body and tail rather dark. The anterior portion of the prefrontals and the supranasals is somewhat paler, the rostral, nasal, loreal, preocular, lower postoculars and supralabials are at least in part beige (usually with dark suture areas). There is a black­edged, creamcoloured, vertical bar that covers the preocular and the fourth supralabial. Another distinct, black­edged and cream­coloured bar stretches from the lower postoculars along the anterior portion of the anterior temporal to the seventh supralabial. A cream­coloured, black­edged blotch covers the ninth supralabial. The parietals are light brown, and this coloration stretches along the anterior temporal to the eighth supralabial. In the centre region of the parietal suture there is a pair of small cream, black­edged blotches. In addition, about ten such cream and black­edged blotches encircle the outer parietal border area, with the blotches becoming somewhat larger towards the neck region. A pair of black­edged, cream blotches is located just behind the head on the top of the neck, followed by another pair of light, black­edged blotches in a distance of about
<quantity id="4CE14DABFFE6FFDDFB0AFE4591E716F4" box="[1165,1237,444,470]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
. Below these two pairs of blotches there is a light blotch covering each of the two to three outermost dorsal scale rows. Between the light blotch on the ninth supralabial and the first pair of light neck blotches there is another pale, dark­edged blotch on each side. After the second pair of light neck blotches there are eleven pale transversal bars discernible. These black­edged, one to two scales wide bars are irregularly arranged and partly interrupted in the neck region, but the posterior four bars are continuous. These pale bars contain small dark blotches and widen somewhat towards the venter, where they usually encircle one or two distinct dark blotches. However, these large dark blotches are located on the ventral shields. At the position of the sixty­first ventral (
<quantity id="4CE14DABFFE6FFDDFCF2FCDD96EC141C" box="[885,990,804,830]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="120.0">120 mm</quantity>
behind the head) the pale transversal bands dissolve into irregular arranged pale blotches, that become smaller and smaller. From the midbody region towards the dorsal tail root the only pattern discernible consists of a dorso­lateral row, built of small pale blotches with a diameter of about
<quantity id="4CE14DABFFE6FFDDFB61FC6590191494" box="[1254,1323,924,950]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
which are arranged in a distance to each other of one to two dorsal scales’ width. The tail dorsum appears dark greyish­brown, although the dark dorsal body and tail scales bear a paler mottling at closer view. The venter is cream colour, except for small dark markings in the lateral and posterior head region and except for the above­described black blotches at the lateral ends of some ventral scales in the neck and forebody region. The outermost corners of the ventrals and subcaudals are dark and the venter of the tail is in part powdered by dark brownish­grey.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF66B0C6FFE6FFDDFE8FF8C890301049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172650/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[415,1171,1271,1833]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE6FFDDFE8FF8C890301049" blockId="6.[264,1322,1841,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE6FFDDFE8FF8C894BF106B" bold="true" box="[264,397,1841,1865]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Posterior neck region (above), midbody region (middle) and posterior part of body (below) of the preserved holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE6FFDDFD13F8AD965C1049" box="[660,878,1876,1899]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andreae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE6FFDDFD13F8AD965C1049" box="[660,878,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Amphiesma andreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E8127FFE6FFDDFCF2F8AD9683104E" box="[885,945,1876,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE6FFDDFCF2F8AD9683104E" bold="true" box="[885,945,1876,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(ZFMK 83747) in lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF66B0C6FFE7FFDCFE8FFCB691DD1445" box="[264,1263,847,871]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172651/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[415,1171,326,823]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE7FFDCFE8FFCB691DD1445" blockId="7.[264,1263,847,871]" box="[264,1263,847,871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE7FFDCFE8FFCB694B81445" bold="true" box="[264,394,847,871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Male holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE7FFDCFDC8FCA9961B1445" box="[591,809,848,871]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andreae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE7FFDCFDC8FCA9961B1445" box="[591,809,848,871]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Amphiesma andreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E8127FFE7FFDCFCA8FCB696591445" box="[815,875,847,871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE7FFDCFCA8FCB696591445" bold="true" box="[815,875,847,871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(ZFMK 83747) in life in its habitat.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF66B0C6FFE7FFDCFE8FFA5F949212C2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172652/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[415,1171,925,1421]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE7FFDCFE8FFA5F949212C2" blockId="7.[264,1323,1446,1504]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE7FFDCFE8FFA5F94BB129C" bold="true" box="[264,393,1446,1470]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Dorsal view of the anterior body of the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE7FFDCFC32FA5E91BC129C" box="[949,1166,1447,1470]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andreae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE7FFDCFC32FA5E91BC129C" box="[949,1166,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Amphiesma andreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E8127FFE7FFDCFB12FA5F91E2129C" box="[1173,1232,1446,1470]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE7FFDCFB12FA5F91E2129C" bold="true" box="[1173,1232,1446,1470]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(ZFMK 83747) in life.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE7FFDCFEBFF9F696B91183" blockId="7.[264,1323,1551,1886]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">In life, the head and anterior neck region are reddish­brown to brownish­olive, turning posteriorly into dark brownish­grey. The pale bars and blotches in the head and anterior neck region are white to cream, whereas the remaining pale neck bars turn into yellowish and after having been dissolved into yellowish­orange.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE7FFDCFEBFF95696E3107C" blockId="7.[264,1323,1551,1886]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">The maxillary teeth are arranged in a continuous series, with the two posteriormost distinctly enlarged, without diastema, numbering 34 on each side; for counting the maxillary teeth, the exterior gum surfaces of the jaw were removed in situ (tooth sockets were included in the counts in cases of tooth loss). The uniqueness of the specimen precluded any further investigation of the skull and skeleton.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF66B0C6FFE8FFD3FE8FFCB694C814A8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172653/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[415,1171,326,823]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE8FFD3FE8FFCB694C814A8" blockId="8.[264,1322,847,906]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE8FFD3FE8FFCB694BD1445" bold="true" box="[264,399,847,871]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Oblique view of the anterior body of the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE8FFD3FB87FCA991EC1445" box="[1024,1246,848,871]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andreae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE8FFD3FB87FCA991EC1445" box="[1024,1246,848,871]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Amphiesma andreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E8127FFE8FFD3FB6DFCB690181445" box="[1258,1322,847,871]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE8FFD3FB6DFCB690181445" bold="true" box="[1258,1322,847,871]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(ZFMK 83747) in life.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE8FFD3FEBFFC44916913E5" blockId="8.[264,1323,957,1223]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
The invertedly dissected left hemipenis revealed (as far as detectable) to be simple, with an undivided sperm groove (sulcus spermaticus), that apparently runs straight to the apex (for terminology see
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE8FFD3FDCEFBF4965A1305" author="Ziegler" box="[585,872,1037,1063]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" refString="Ziegler, T. &amp; Bohme, W. (1997) Genitalstrukturen und Paarungsbiologie bei squamaten Reptilien, speziell den Platynota, mit Bemerkungen zur Systematik. Mertensiella, Rheinbach, 8, 1 - 207." type="journal article" year="1997">Ziegler &amp; Böhme 1997</bibRefCitation>
). In general, the organ is armed with small spines from the base to the tip, with the exception of the sulcus spermaticus. At the base of the hemipenis there is a single, strongly enlarged spine discernible next to the sperm groove. In addition, in this pedicel­truncus border area, numerous medium­sized spines, that are irregularly arranged, horizontally encircle the hemipenis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303B3C5FFE8FFD7FE8FFB079478106C" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE8FFD3FE8FFB0794B71235" blockId="8.[264,1323,1278,1503]" box="[264,389,1278,1303]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE8FFD3FE8FFB0794B71235" box="[264,389,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE8FFD3FEBFFADC94B312FD" blockId="8.[264,1323,1278,1503]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
The species is named after Andrea Ziegler in recognition of her patience and support during the last decade of herpetological research of the senior author in
<collectingCountry id="F30EA0DEFFE8FFD3FB09FAB491C71245" box="[1166,1269,1357,1383]" name="Vietnam" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
. We suggest the following western common names: Andrea’s Keelback (English), Ran sai Andrea (Vietnamese),
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE8FFD3FD92FA6496BC1295" authority="d'Andrea (French)" authorityName="d'Andrea (French" box="[533,910,1437,1463]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Amphiesma d’Andrea (French)</taxonomicName>
, and Andreas Gebirgswassernatter (
<collectingCountry id="F30EA0DEFFE8FFD3FE97FA3C944712FD" box="[272,373,1477,1503]" name="Germany" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">German</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE8FFD3FE8FF9EF9496110D" blockId="8.[264,1322,1558,1903]" box="[264,420,1558,1583]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE8FFD3FE8FF9EF9496110D" box="[264,420,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Comparisons</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE8FFD3FEBFF9C4902911ED" blockId="8.[264,1322,1558,1903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE8FFD3FEBFF9C4971A1175" box="[312,552,1597,1623]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P., Vogel, G. &amp; Pauwels, O. (1998) Amphiesma optatum (Hu &amp; Djao, 1966) (Serpentes, Colubridae): an addition to the snake fauna of Vietnam, with a list of species of the genus Amphiesma and a note on its type species. J. Taiw. Mus., 51, 83 - 92." type="journal article">David et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
listed 37 valid
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE8FFD3FD71F9C7964D1175" box="[758,895,1598,1623]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE8FFD3FD71F9C7964D1175" box="[758,895,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Amphiesma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species and
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE8FFD3FBA0F9C490181175" author="David" box="[1063,1322,1597,1623]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P. &amp; Das, I. (2003) A new species of the snake genus Amphiesma (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae) from western Sumatra, Indonesia. Raffles Bull. Zool., Singapore, 51, 413 - 419." type="journal article" year="2003">David &amp; Das (2003)</bibRefCitation>
recently increased the species number to 39 (see also
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE8FFD3FC16F99C9155115D" author="David" box="[913,1127,1637,1663]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P., Vogel, G. &amp; Pauwels, O. S. G. (2005) On the occurrence of Amphiesma bitaeniatum (Wall, 1925) in Vietnam, with preliminary remarks on the group of Amphiesma parallelum (Boulenger, 1890) (Serpentes, Colubridae, Natricinae). Salamandra, 41, 167 - 178." type="journal article" year="2005">David et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE8FFD3FBF9F99C901A115D" author="Tillack" box="[1150,1320,1637,1663]" pageId="8" pageNumber="55" refString="Tillack, F. (2002) Uber die Verbreitung und Biologie der Himalaya-Gebirgswassernatter Amphiesma platyceps (Blyth, 1854) und einen Fall von Amphigonia retardata (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae). Sauria, Berlin, 25, 21 - 27." type="journal article" year="2002">Tillack (2002)</bibRefCitation>
judged
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE8FFD3FEE3F977978F1185" authority="Gunther, 1860" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1860" box="[356,701,1677,1703]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sieboldii">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE8FFD3FEE3F97794C21185" box="[356,496,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">A. sieboldii</emphasis>
(Günther, 1860)
</taxonomicName>
as being synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE8FFD3FB99F97791811185" box="[1054,1203,1678,1703]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platyceps">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE8FFD3FB99F97791811185" box="[1054,1203,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">A. platyceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see also
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE8FFD3FE8FF94C949511ED" author="Kramer" box="[264,423,1717,1743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" refString="Kramer, E. (1977) Zur Schlangenfauna Nepals. Rev. Suisse Zool., Geneve, 84, 721 - 761." type="journal article" year="1977">Kramer 1977</bibRefCitation>
), but
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE8FFD3FE6EF94F975C11ED" box="[489,622,1718,1743]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sieboldii">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE8FFD3FE6EF94F975C11ED" box="[489,622,1718,1743]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">A. sieboldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is regarded as a valid species in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE8FFD3FC69F94C91F111ED" author="David" box="[1006,1219,1717,1743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P., Vogel, G. &amp; Pauwels, O. (1998) Amphiesma optatum (Hu &amp; Djao, 1966) (Serpentes, Colubridae): an addition to the snake fauna of Vietnam, with a list of species of the genus Amphiesma and a note on its type species. J. Taiw. Mus., 51, 83 - 92." type="journal article" year="1998">David et al. (1998</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE8FFD3FB48F94C903D11ED" author="David" box="[1231,1295,1717,1743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P., Vogel, G. &amp; Pauwels, O. S. G. (2005) On the occurrence of Amphiesma bitaeniatum (Wall, 1925) in Vietnam, with preliminary remarks on the group of Amphiesma parallelum (Boulenger, 1890) (Serpentes, Colubridae, Natricinae). Salamandra, 41, 167 - 178." type="journal article" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFE8FFD7FEBFF924912F14AC" blockId="8.[264,1322,1558,1903]" lastBlockId="12.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
The new
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE8FFD3FE2FF927970311D5" box="[424,561,1758,1783]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE8FFD3FE2FF927970311D5" box="[424,561,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Amphiesma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species can be distinguished from all the remaining species not only by a distinct pattern and coloration, but also by different teeth and scale counts:
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE8FFD3FE8FF8D797EB1065" authority="Bourret, 1934" authorityName="Bourret" authorityYear="1934" box="[264,729,1837,1863]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atemporale">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE8FFD3FE8FF8D7972E1065" box="[264,540,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Amphiesma atemporale</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE8FFD3FDABF8D497E01065" author="Bourret" box="[556,722,1837,1863]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" refString="Bourret, R. (1934) Notes herpetologiques sur l'Indochine francaise. II. Sur quelques serpents des montagnes du Tonkin. Bull. Inst. Publ., 1934 (8 avril), 149 - 157 (reprint 3 - 11)." type="journal article" year="1934">Bourret, 1934</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
differs from the new species in having only 28–30 maxillary teeth, 5–6 supralabials (with 3–4 entering the eye), 6–7 infralabials, 17 midbody scale rows, 129–146 ventrals, 54–79 subcaudals, and a pale collar across the neck (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FB64FEE59477167C" author="Smith" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo - Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. 3 - Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FED4FEBD9741167C" author="Malnate" box="[339,627,324,350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refString="Malnate, E. V. &amp; Romer, J. D. (1969) A snake new to the fauna of Hong Kong and China: Amphiesma atemporalis (Bourret). Not. Nat., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 424, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1969">Malnate &amp; Romer 1969</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE9FFD2FD0EFEBD96D3167C" authority="Gunther, 1864" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[649,993,324,350]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beddomei">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE9FFD2FD0EFEBD962F167F" box="[649,797,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">A. beddomei</emphasis>
(Günther, 1864)
</taxonomicName>
has only 140–150 ventrals, 62–82 subcaudals, a broad, black­outlined white stripe behind the eye, and a brown back with variable black and dull yellow or white pattern (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FC07FE6D913C168C" author="Smith" box="[896,1038,404,430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo - Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. 3 - Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
; see photo in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FB34FE6D9015168C" author="Das" box="[1203,1319,404,430]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="9" pageNumber="53" refString="Das, I. (2002) A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of India. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd, London, Cape Town, Sydney, Auckland, 144 pp." type="book" year="2002">Das 2002</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FE8FFE45977216F4" author="Whitaker" box="[264,576,444,470]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" refString="Whitaker, R. &amp; Captain, A. (2004) Snakes of India, the field guide. Draco books, Chennai, 481 pp." type="book" year="2004">Whitaker &amp; Captain 2004</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE9FFD2FDD3FE4596AC16F4" authority="Wall, 1925" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1925" box="[596,926,444,470]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bitaeniatum">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE9FFD2FDD3FE45963016F7" box="[596,770,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">A. bitaeniatum</emphasis>
(Wall, 1925)
</taxonomicName>
bears 19–23 maxillary teeth, 7–8 supralabials (3–5 entering orbit), 160–175 ventrals, 78–95 subcaudals and has a distinct, broad, pale and continuous dorsolateral stripe from neck to the end of tail (Pope 1935,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FE8FFDCD94EA156C" author="David" box="[264,472,564,590]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P., Vogel, G. &amp; Pauwels, O. S. G. (2005) On the occurrence of Amphiesma bitaeniatum (Wall, 1925) in Vietnam, with preliminary remarks on the group of Amphiesma parallelum (Boulenger, 1890) (Serpentes, Colubridae, Natricinae). Salamandra, 41, 167 - 178." type="journal article" year="2005">David et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
; see photos in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FD0FFDCD964E156C" author="Chan-ard" box="[648,892,564,590]" pageId="9" pageNumber="53" refString="Chan-ard, T., Grossmann, W., Gumprecht, A. &amp; Schulz, K. - D. (1999) Amphibians and reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand. An illustrated checklist - Amphibien und Reptilien der Halbinsel Malaysia und Thailands. Eine illustrierte Checkliste. Bushmaster Publications, Wurselen, 240 pp." type="book" year="1999">Chan­ard et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
, as determined by
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FBDBFDCD94741554" author="David" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P. &amp; Pauwels, O. S. G. (2000) Book review. Chan-ard, T., W. Grossmann, A. Gumprecht &amp; K. - D. Schulz (1999): Amphibians and reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand. An illustrated checklist - Amphibien und Reptilien der Halbinsel Malaysia und Thailands. Eine illustrierte Checkliste. - Bushmaster Publications, Wurselen, 240 pp. Russ. J. Herpetol., Moscow, 7, 87 - 90." type="book chapter" year="2000">David &amp; Pauwels 2000</bibRefCitation>
, and photos in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FE7EFDA597FB1554" author="David" box="[505,713,604,630]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P., Vogel, G. &amp; Pauwels, O. S. G. (2005) On the occurrence of Amphiesma bitaeniatum (Wall, 1925) in Vietnam, with preliminary remarks on the group of Amphiesma parallelum (Boulenger, 1890) (Serpentes, Colubridae, Natricinae). Salamandra, 41, 167 - 178." type="journal article" year="2005">David et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE9FFD2FD5AFDA591071554" authority="Gressit, 1937" authorityName="Gressit" authorityYear="1937" box="[733,1077,604,630]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE9FFD2FD5AFDA5964F1557" box="[733,893,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">A. boulengeri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FC0AFDA5911F1554" author="Gressit" box="[909,1069,604,630]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refString="Gressit, J. L. (1937) A new snake from southeastern China. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 50, 125 - 128." type="journal article" year="1937">Gressit, 1937</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
differs by having 28 maxillary teeth in a continuous series, gradually becoming larger toward the posterior end, 143–147 ventrals, two postoculars, a pair of pale longitudinal dorsal stripes, and a typical postocular streek (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FE66FD2D974915CC" author="Gressit" box="[481,635,724,750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refString="Gressit, J. L. (1937) A new snake from southeastern China. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 50, 125 - 128." type="journal article" year="1937">Gressit 1937</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FD0EFD2D960315CC" author="Malnate" box="[649,817,724,750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refString="Malnate, E. V. (1960) Systematic division and evolution of the colubrid snake genus Natrix, with comments on the subfamily Natricinae. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 112, 41 - 47." type="journal article" year="1960">Malnate 1960</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE9FFD2FCCFFD2D91C815CC" authority="Peters &amp; Doria, 1878" authorityName="Peters &amp; Doria" authorityYear="1878" box="[840,1274,724,750]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="celebicum">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE9FFD2FCCFFD2D96D315CF" box="[840,993,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">A. celebicum</emphasis>
(Peters &amp; Doria, 1878)
</taxonomicName>
has only 8 supralabials (3–5 entering the eye), 15 midbody scale rows, 125–142 ventrals, 45–53 subcaudals, and a black collar that is posteriorly edged with a yellow band and anteriorly with two yellow spots (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FD39FCB596B41444" author="Boulenger" box="[702,902,844,870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="53" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1893) Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History), Vol. I. Typhlopidae, Glauconiidae, Boidae, Ilysiidae, Uropeltidae, Xenopeltidae, and Colubridae aglyphae, part. Longmans and Co., London." type="book" year="1893">Boulenger 1893</bibRefCitation>
, de
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FC40FCB591651444" author="Rooij" box="[967,1111,844,870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" refString="Rooij, N. de (1915) The reptiles of the Indo-Australian archipelago. I. Lacertilia, Chelonia, Emydosauria. Brill, Leiden, 384 pp." type="book" year="1915">Rooij 1915</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE9FFD2FBF0FCB5948714AC" authority="Malnate, 1963" authorityName="Malnate" authorityYear="1963" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concelarum">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE9FFD2FBF0FCB590181447" box="[1143,1322,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">A. concelarum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FE8FFC8D948714AC" author="Malnate" box="[264,437,884,910]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refString="Malnate, E. V. (1963) A new race of Amphiesma pryeri (Serpentes: Natricinae) from the southern Riukiu Island of Miyako-Shima. Not. Nat., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 360, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1963">Malnate, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
bears a different hemipenial spine ornamentation, only 25–26 maxillary teeth, 8 supralabials (
<quantity id="4CE14DABFFE9FFD2FD9DFC65975D1494" box="[538,623,924,950]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" unit="in" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 in</quantity>
contact with the eye), two anterior and two posterior temporals each, 157–169 ventrals, and a dorsal pattern on each side of anterior 1/3 to 1/2 of the body consisting of several light vertical streaks, each of one scale’s width or narrower (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FE05FBED9718130C" author="Malnate" box="[386,554,1044,1070]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refString="Malnate, E. V. (1963) A new race of Amphiesma pryeri (Serpentes: Natricinae) from the southern Riukiu Island of Miyako-Shima. Not. Nat., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 360, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1963">Malnate 1963</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FDB0FBED9785130C" author="Mori" box="[567,695,1044,1070]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refString="Mori, M. (1986) Japans Schlangen. Igaku-Shoin Ltd., Tokyo, 123 pp." type="book" year="1986">Mori 1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FD42FBED96F3130C" author="Ota" box="[709,961,1044,1070]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" refString="Ota, H. &amp; Iwanaga, S. (1997) A systematic review of the snakes allied to Amphiesma pryeri (Boulenger) (Squamata: Colubridae) in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 121, 339 - 360." type="journal article" year="1997">Ota &amp; Iwanaga 1997</bibRefCitation>
; see photos in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FBF4FBED91C1130C" author="Mori" box="[1139,1267,1044,1070]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refString="Mori, M. (1986) Japans Schlangen. Igaku-Shoin Ltd., Tokyo, 123 pp." type="book" year="1986">Mori 1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FA86FBED94E41374" author="Ota" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" refString="Ota, H. &amp; Iwanaga, S. (1997) A systematic review of the snakes allied to Amphiesma pryeri (Boulenger) (Squamata: Colubridae) in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 121, 339 - 360." type="journal article" year="1997">Ota &amp; Iwanaga 1997</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE9FFD2FE69FBC5969B1374" authority="Boulenger, 1899" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1899" box="[494,937,1084,1110]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="craspedogaster">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE9FFD2FE69FBC597F71377" box="[494,709,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">A. craspedogaster</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FD5EFBC596931374" author="Boulenger" box="[729,929,1084,1110]" pageId="9" pageNumber="53" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1899) On a collection of reptiles and batrachians made by Mr. J. D. La Touche in N. W. Fokien, China. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 159 - 172." type="book chapter" year="1899">Boulenger, 1899</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
differs in having 8 supralabials (3–5 entering the eye), 138–159 ventrals, and a dark brown dorsum with a rusty­red streak along each side of the back, accompagnied by more or less distinct yellowish spots (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FE97FB4D94FD13EC" author="Boulenger" box="[272,463,1204,1230]" pageId="9" pageNumber="53" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1899) On a collection of reptiles and batrachians made by Mr. J. D. La Touche in N. W. Fokien, China. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 159 - 172." type="book chapter" year="1899">Boulenger 1899</bibRefCitation>
, Pope 1935);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE9FFD2FDE8FB4D96D713EC" authority="Taylor, 1934" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1934" box="[623,997,1204,1230]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deschauenseei">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE9FFD2FDE8FB4D960A13EF" box="[623,824,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">A. deschauenseei</emphasis>
(Taylor, 1934)
</taxonomicName>
has two preoculars and two postoculars each, two posterior temporals, 159 ventrals, 137–140 subcaudals, a small eye, brownish­yellow body sides which are heavily mottled with irregular black blotches, and of the nine supralabials only the fifth and sixth touch the eye (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FC50FAD591441264" author="Bourret" box="[983,1142,1324,1350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="53" refString="Bourret, R. (1936) Les serpents de l'Indochine. II. Catalogue systematique descriptif. Henri Basuyau et Cie, Toulouse, 505 pp." type="book" year="1936">Bourret 1936</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FB05FAD591C51264" author="Cox" box="[1154,1271,1324,1350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="53" refString="Cox, M. J. (1991) The snakes of Thailand and their husbandry. Krieger Publ. Comp., Malabar, Florida, 526 pp." type="book" year="1991">Cox 1991</bibRefCitation>
, see photos in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FE04FAAD94CF124C" author="Cox" box="[387,509,1364,1390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="53" refString="Cox, M. J. (1991) The snakes of Thailand and their husbandry. Krieger Publ. Comp., Malabar, Florida, 526 pp." type="book" year="1991">Cox 1991</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE9FFD2FD90FAAD96BC124C" authority="Boulenger, 1887" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[535,910,1364,1390]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavifrons">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE9FFD2FD90FAAD9798124F" box="[535,682,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">A. flavifrons</emphasis>
(Boulenger, 1887)
</taxonomicName>
has 7–9 supralabials (4–5 or 5–6 touching the eye), 2 anterior temporals, 146–157 ventrals, the anal scute entire, a belly with large dark spots, a white stripe across prefrontals and frontal, and a greenish dorsum with a vertebral row of light spots (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FD2FFA35969212C4" author="Malkmus" box="[680,928,1484,1510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refString="Malkmus, R., Manthey, U., Vogel, G., Hoffmann, P. &amp; Kosuch, J. (2002) Amphibians and reptiles of Mount Kinabalu (North Borneo). A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G., Ruggell, 424 pp." type="book" year="2002">Malkmus et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FC2BFA3591BF12C4" author="David" box="[940,1165,1484,1510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P. &amp; Das, I. (2003) A new species of the snake genus Amphiesma (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae) from western Sumatra, Indonesia. Raffles Bull. Zool., Singapore, 51, 413 - 419." type="journal article" year="2003">David &amp; Das 2003</bibRefCitation>
; see photo in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FE8FFA0D9733112C" author="Malkmus" box="[264,513,1524,1550]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refString="Malkmus, R., Manthey, U., Vogel, G., Hoffmann, P. &amp; Kosuch, J. (2002) Amphibians and reptiles of Mount Kinabalu (North Borneo). A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G., Ruggell, 424 pp." type="book" year="2002">Malkmus et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE9FFD2FD90FA0D967A112C" authority="Dunn, 1923" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1923" box="[535,840,1524,1550]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frenatum">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE9FFD2FD90FA0D9793112F" box="[535,673,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">A. frenatum</emphasis>
(Dunn, 1923)
</taxonomicName>
has in contrast 8 supralabials, 2 anterior temporals, 17 dorsal scale rows at midbody, 164–166 ventrals, 112–116 subcaudals, a belly with large dark spots, and a dorsal pattern consisting of dorsolateral spots and crossbars (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FE0FF995974511A4" author="David" box="[392,631,1644,1670]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P. &amp; Das, I. (2003) A new species of the snake genus Amphiesma (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae) from western Sumatra, Indonesia. Raffles Bull. Zool., Singapore, 51, 413 - 419." type="journal article" year="2003">David &amp; Das 2003</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE9FFD2FD16F995913411A4" authority="Smith, 1921" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1921" box="[657,1030,1644,1670]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="groundwateri">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE9FFD2FD16F995966611A7" box="[657,852,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">A. groundwateri</emphasis>
(Smith, 1921)
</taxonomicName>
shows 2 preoculars, 17 midbody scales, 147–154 ventrals, 120–134 subcaudals, a single anal shield, and a dorsal pattern consisting of an undulating dorsolateral stripe (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FC08F945913511F4" author="Cox" box="[911,1031,1724,1750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="53" refString="Cox, M. J. (1991) The snakes of Thailand and their husbandry. Krieger Publ. Comp., Malabar, Florida, 526 pp." type="book" year="1991">Cox 1991</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FB93F94591C511F4" author="David" box="[1044,1271,1724,1750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P. &amp; Das, I. (2003) A new species of the snake genus Amphiesma (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae) from western Sumatra, Indonesia. Raffles Bull. Zool., Singapore, 51, 413 - 419." type="journal article" year="2003">David &amp; Das 2003</bibRefCitation>
; see photo in.
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FE00F91D977B11DC" author="Nutphand" box="[391,585,1764,1790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" refString="Nutphand, W. (2001) Patterns of the snakes in Thailand. Amarin Printing and Publishing Public Co., Ltd., Bangkok, 320 pp." type="book" year="2001">Nutphand 2001</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFE9FFD2FDE1F91D96A311DC" authority="Laidlaw, 1901" authorityName="Laidlaw" authorityYear="1901" box="[614,913,1764,1790]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inas">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFE9FFD2FDE1F91D978D11DF" box="[614,703,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">A. inas</emphasis>
(Laidlaw, 1901)
</taxonomicName>
differs by having two posterior temporals, 143–151 ventrals, and an alignment of dorsolateral spots (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FBC0F8F591DB1004" author="Bourret" box="[1095,1257,1804,1830]" pageId="9" pageNumber="53" refString="Bourret, R. (1936) Les serpents de l'Indochine. II. Catalogue systematique descriptif. Henri Basuyau et Cie, Toulouse, 505 pp." type="book" year="1936">Bourret 1936</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FB7FF8F59477106C" author="Cox" pageId="9" pageNumber="53" refString="Cox, M. J. (1991) The snakes of Thailand and their husbandry. Krieger Publ. Comp., Malabar, Florida, 526 pp." type="book" year="1991">Cox 1991</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FED4F8CD970A106C" author="David" box="[339,568,1844,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P. &amp; Das, I. (2003) A new species of the snake genus Amphiesma (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae) from western Sumatra, Indonesia. Raffles Bull. Zool., Singapore, 51, 413 - 419." type="journal article" year="2003">David &amp; Das 2003</bibRefCitation>
; see photos in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FD6DF8CD9696106C" author="Cox" box="[746,932,1844,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="53" refString="Cox, M. J., van Dijk, P. P., Nabhitabhata, J. &amp; Thirakhupt, K. (1998) A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. New Holland Publ. Ltd., London, 144 pp." type="book" year="1998">Cox et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD2FC35F8CD919B106C" author="Chan-ard" box="[946,1193,1844,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="53" refString="Chan-ard, T., Grossmann, W., Gumprecht, A. &amp; Schulz, K. - D. (1999) Amphibians and reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand. An illustrated checklist - Amphibien und Reptilien der Halbinsel Malaysia und Thailands. Eine illustrierte Checkliste. Bushmaster Publications, Wurselen, 240 pp." type="book" year="1999">Chan­ard et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFE9FFD1FB30F8CD94751614" author="Nutphand" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" refString="Nutphand, W. (2001) Patterns of the snakes in Thailand. Amarin Printing and Publishing Public Co., Ltd., Bangkok, 320 pp." type="book" year="2001">Nutphand 2001</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEAFFD1FED8FEE596AC1614" authority="Malnate &amp; Munsterman, 1960" authorityName="Malnate &amp; Munsterman" authorityYear="1960" box="[351,926,284,310]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ishigakiense">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEAFFD1FED8FEE597261617" box="[351,532,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">A. ishigakiense</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FDA1FEE596A41614" author="Malnate" box="[550,918,284,310]" pageId="10" pageNumber="54" refString="Malnate, E. V. (1960) Systematic division and evolution of the colubrid snake genus Natrix, with comments on the subfamily Natricinae. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 112, 41 - 47." type="journal article" year="1960">Malnate &amp; Munsterman, 1960</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
has a different hemipenial spine ornamentation, only 8 supralabials (with only
<quantity id="4CE14DABFFEAFFD1FCA2FEBD9642167C" box="[805,880,324,350]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" unit="in" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 in</quantity>
contact with the eye), 10 infralabials, 172–175 ventrals, and a dorsal pattern on each side of anterior 1/3 to 1/2 of the body consisting of several light vertical streaks, each of one scale’s width or narrower (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FB69FE6D947716F4" author="Mori" pageId="10" pageNumber="54" refString="Mori, M. (1986) Japans Schlangen. Igaku-Shoin Ltd., Tokyo, 123 pp." type="book" year="1986">Mori 1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FED4FE45976216F4" author="Ota" box="[339,592,444,470]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Ota, H. &amp; Iwanaga, S. (1997) A systematic review of the snakes allied to Amphiesma pryeri (Boulenger) (Squamata: Colubridae) in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 121, 339 - 360." type="journal article" year="1997">Ota &amp; Iwanaga 1997</bibRefCitation>
; see photos in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FC85FE4596B116F4" author="Mori" box="[770,899,444,470]" pageId="10" pageNumber="54" refString="Mori, M. (1986) Japans Schlangen. Igaku-Shoin Ltd., Tokyo, 123 pp." type="book" year="1986">Mori 1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FC16FE4591BD16F4" author="Ota" box="[913,1167,444,470]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Ota, H. &amp; Iwanaga, S. (1997) A systematic review of the snakes allied to Amphiesma pryeri (Boulenger) (Squamata: Colubridae) in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 121, 339 - 360." type="journal article" year="1997">Ota &amp; Iwanaga 1997</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEAFFD1FB23FE4594EF16DC" authority="Boulenger, 1908" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1908" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johannis">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEAFFD1FB23FE45901916F7" box="[1188,1323,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">A. johannis</emphasis>
(Boulenger, 1908)
</taxonomicName>
has 7–8 supralabials (3–5, 3–4 or 4–5 entering the eye), 1–2 preoculars, a frontal as long as its distance from the snout tip, 2 anterior and 1–2 posterior temporals, 165–176 ventrals, the lateral dorsal scales not keeled, a rather small eye, and an olivebrown dorsum with more or less distinct darker and lighter spots, the latter forming a lateral series or an ill­defined lateral streak (Pope 1935,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FC45FD7D915515BC" author="Bourret" box="[962,1127,644,670]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" refString="Bourret, R. (1936) Les serpents de l'Indochine. II. Catalogue systematique descriptif. Henri Basuyau et Cie, Toulouse, 505 pp." type="book" year="1936">Bourret 1936</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEAFFD1FB07FD7D94DE15E4" authority="David &amp; Das, 2003" authorityName="David &amp; Das" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kerinciense">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEAFFD1FB07FD7D901815BF" box="[1152,1322,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">A. kerinciense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FE8FFD5594DE15E4" author="David" box="[264,492,684,710]" pageId="10" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P. &amp; Das, I. (2003) A new species of the snake genus Amphiesma (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae) from western Sumatra, Indonesia. Raffles Bull. Zool., Singapore, 51, 413 - 419." type="journal article" year="2003">David &amp; Das, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has 2 posterior temporals, 11 infralabials, 140 ventrals, 89 subcaudals, and a faint pale ochre brown dorsolateral stripe bordering the dark vertebral band on each side (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FEC0FD0597181434" author="David" box="[327,554,764,790]" pageId="10" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P. &amp; Das, I. (2003) A new species of the snake genus Amphiesma (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae) from western Sumatra, Indonesia. Raffles Bull. Zool., Singapore, 51, 413 - 419." type="journal article" year="2003">David &amp; Das 2003</bibRefCitation>
; see also photos in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FC88FD0596C31434" author="David" box="[783,1009,764,790]" pageId="10" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P. &amp; Das, I. (2003) A new species of the snake genus Amphiesma (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae) from western Sumatra, Indonesia. Raffles Bull. Zool., Singapore, 51, 413 - 419." type="journal article" year="2003">David &amp; Das 2003</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEAFFD1FB81FD05947E141C" authority="Boulenger, 1890" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1890" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="khasiense">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEAFFD1FB81FD0591AB1437" box="[1030,1177,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">A. khasiense</emphasis>
(Boulenger, 1890)
</taxonomicName>
bears 26–28 maxillary teeth, 10 infralabials, 143–162 ventrals, and the dorsum has three dark blackish­brown stripes that alternate with four reddish­brown stripes (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FB64FCB5947714AC" author="Smith" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo - Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. 3 - Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FED5FC8D976214AC" author="Campden-Main" box="[338,592,884,910]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" refString="Campden-Main, S. M. (1970) A field guide to the snakes of South Vietnam. Div. Rept. Amphib., U. S. Nat. Mus., Smiths. Inst., Washington, 3, 114 pp." type="book" year="1970">Campden­Main 1970</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FDD9FC8D96A614AC" author="Whitaker" box="[606,916,884,910]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Whitaker, R. &amp; Captain, A. (2004) Snakes of India, the field guide. Draco books, Chennai, 481 pp." type="book" year="2004">Whitaker &amp; Captain 2004</bibRefCitation>
; see photo in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FBBDFC8D94751494" author="Whitaker" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Whitaker, R. &amp; Captain, A. (2004) Snakes of India, the field guide. Draco books, Chennai, 481 pp." type="book" year="2004">Whitaker &amp; Captain 2004</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEAFFD1FEDBFC65966C1494" authority="Inger, Zhao, Shaffer &amp; Wu, 1990" authorityName="Inger, Zhao, Shaffer &amp; Wu" authorityYear="1990" box="[348,862,924,950]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="metusia">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEAFFD1FEDBFC6594E51497" box="[348,471,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">A. metusia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FE5AFC65966C1494" author="Inger" box="[477,862,924,950]" pageId="10" pageNumber="54" refString="Inger, R. F., Shaffer, H. B., Zhao, E. &amp; Wu, G. (1990) Report on a collection of amphibians and reptiles from Sichuan, China. Field. Zool., 58, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1990">Inger, Zhao, Shaffer &amp; Wu, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has 8 supralabials, 159–164 ventrals in females, 72–85 subcaudals, and a distinct, broad, pale and continuous dorsolateral stripe from neck to the end of tail (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FDEDFC1596041324" author="Inger" box="[618,822,1004,1030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="54" refString="Inger, R. F., Shaffer, H. B., Zhao, E. &amp; Wu, G. (1990) Report on a collection of amphibians and reptiles from Sichuan, China. Field. Zool., 58, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1990">Inger et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FCC1FC15912E1324" author="David" box="[838,1052,1004,1030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P., Vogel, G. &amp; Pauwels, O. S. G. (2005) On the occurrence of Amphiesma bitaeniatum (Wall, 1925) in Vietnam, with preliminary remarks on the group of Amphiesma parallelum (Boulenger, 1890) (Serpentes, Colubridae, Natricinae). Salamandra, 41, 167 - 178." type="journal article" year="2005">David et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEAFFD1FBB3FC15947F130C" authority="Maki, 1931" authorityName="Maki" authorityYear="1931" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miyajimae">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEAFFD1FBB3FC1591E31327" box="[1076,1233,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">A. miyajimae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FB63FC159476130C" author="Maki" pageId="10" pageNumber="54" refString="Maki, M. (1931) A monograph of the snakes of Japan. Dai-Ichi Shobo, Tokyo, 240 pp." type="book" year="1931">Maki, 1931</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
bears 20 maxillary teeth, 8 supralabials (3–5 entering the eye), 141–152 ventrals, and a brown dorsum with three black longitudinal bands (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FC30FBC5910F1374" author="Maki" box="[951,1085,1084,1110]" pageId="10" pageNumber="54" refString="Maki, M. (1931) A monograph of the snakes of Japan. Dai-Ichi Shobo, Tokyo, 240 pp." type="book" year="1931">Maki 1931</bibRefCitation>
; see photos in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FB69FBC59483135C" author="Zhao" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Zhao, E. &amp; K. Adler (1993) Herpetology of China. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Contribution to Herpetology, 10, 522 pp." type="book" year="1993">Zhao &amp; Adler 1993</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FE47FB9D975C135C" author="Lu" box="[448,622,1124,1150]" pageId="10" pageNumber="54" refString="Lu, G., Du, M. &amp; Shi, X. (1999) A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians of Taiwan. Taipei, 343 pp." type="book" year="1999">Lu et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEAFFD1FD03FB9D96D6135C" authority="Gunther, 1875" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1875" box="[644,996,1124,1150]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="modestum">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEAFFD1FD03FB9D962C135F" box="[644,798,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">A. modestum</emphasis>
(Günther, 1875)
</taxonomicName>
has 28–32 maxillary teeth, two preoculars, 10 infralabials, 143–168 ventrals, small eyes, and the body is brown above with small black spots and small yellow spots on the sides which may form a stripe (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FB64FB4D947713D4" author="Smith" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo - Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. 3 - Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FED6FB25977D13D4" author="Campden-Main" box="[337,591,1244,1270]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" refString="Campden-Main, S. M. (1970) A field guide to the snakes of South Vietnam. Div. Rept. Amphib., U. S. Nat. Mus., Smiths. Inst., Washington, 3, 114 pp." type="book" year="1970">Campden­Main 1970</bibRefCitation>
; see photos in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FD7CFB25968313D4" author="Cox" box="[763,945,1244,1270]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" refString="Cox, M. J., van Dijk, P. P., Nabhitabhata, J. &amp; Thirakhupt, K. (1998) A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. New Holland Publ. Ltd., London, 144 pp." type="book" year="1998">Cox et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FC3AFB25910213D4" author="Das" box="[957,1072,1244,1270]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" refString="Das, I. (2002) A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of India. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd, London, Cape Town, Sydney, Auckland, 144 pp." type="book" year="2002">Das 2002</bibRefCitation>
, Nguyen et al. 2005);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEAFFD1FE8FFAFD977C123C" authority="Jerdon, 1853" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1853" box="[264,590,1284,1310]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEAFFD1FE8FFAFD94AF123F" box="[264,413,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">A. monticola</emphasis>
(Jerdon, 1853)
</taxonomicName>
has 2 anterior and 2–3 posterior temporals, 8 supralabials (3–5 touching the eye), 136–144 ventrals, 78–92 subcaudals, a white or yellow line across back of head behind the eye, and an olive brown or greenish back with broad black cross­bands or big squarish spots, which may be paired, and may have lighter spots or cross­lines in between (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FEFCFA5D9738129C" author="Smith" box="[379,522,1444,1470]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo - Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. 3 - Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
; see photos in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FD39FA5D96CB129C" author="Whitaker" box="[702,1017,1444,1470]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Whitaker, R. &amp; Captain, A. (2004) Snakes of India, the field guide. Draco books, Chennai, 481 pp." type="book" year="2004">Whitaker &amp; Captain 2004</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEAFFD1FB88FA5D947F12C4" authority="Sclater, 1891" authorityName="Sclater" authorityYear="1891" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicobarense">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEAFFD1FB88FA5D91F2129F" box="[1039,1216,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">A. nicobarense</emphasis>
(Sclater, 1891)
</taxonomicName>
has 25 maxillary teeth, 7–8 supralabials (3–4 or 4–5 touching the eye), 160 ventrals, 120 subcaudals, an entire anal shield, and is greenish­olive above, with three light, blackedged stripes (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FE34F9E597711114" author="Smith" box="[435,579,1564,1590]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo - Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. 3 - Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEAFFD1FDDEF9E596C01114" authority="Boulenger, 1904" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1904" box="[601,1010,1564,1590]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="octolineatum">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEAFFD1FDDEF9E596211117" box="[601,787,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">A. octolineatum</emphasis>
(Boulenger, 1904)
</taxonomicName>
usually has 8 supralabials (usually
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contact with the eye), 2 anterior and 2 posterior temporals, 151–167 ventrals, 58–77 subcaudals, and a distinct, broad, pale and continuous dorsolateral stripe from neck to the end of tail (Pope 1935,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FD61F96D96B6118C" author="Bourret" box="[742,900,1684,1710]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" refString="Bourret, R. (1936) Les serpents de l'Indochine. II. Catalogue systematique descriptif. Henri Basuyau et Cie, Toulouse, 505 pp." type="book" year="1936">Bourret 1936</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FC17F96D916D118C" author="David" box="[912,1119,1684,1710]" pageId="10" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P., Vogel, G. &amp; Pauwels, O. S. G. (2005) On the occurrence of Amphiesma bitaeniatum (Wall, 1925) in Vietnam, with preliminary remarks on the group of Amphiesma parallelum (Boulenger, 1890) (Serpentes, Colubridae, Natricinae). Salamandra, 41, 167 - 178." type="journal article" year="2005">David et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEAFFD1FBF3F96D948611F4" authority="Hu &amp; Djao, 1966" authorityName="Hu &amp; Djao" authorityYear="1966" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="optatum">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEAFFD1FBF3F96D91C4118F" box="[1140,1270,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">A. optatum</emphasis>
(Hu &amp; Djao, 1966)
</taxonomicName>
has only up to 25 maxillary teeth, (6) 7–8 supralabials (of which 3–4, 3–5 or 4–5 enter the orbit), 152–169 ventrals, a very bright coral red venter, and a deep bluish black dorsal surface that is marked on each side with bright yellowish vertical bars (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FB66F8F594A2106C" author="David" pageId="10" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P., Vogel, G. &amp; Pauwels, O. (1998) Amphiesma optatum (Hu &amp; Djao, 1966) (Serpentes, Colubridae): an addition to the snake fauna of Vietnam, with a list of species of the genus Amphiesma and a note on its type species. J. Taiw. Mus., 51, 83 - 92." type="journal article" year="1998">David et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
; see photos in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FDC8F8CD961B106C" author="David" box="[591,809,1844,1870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P., Vogel, G. &amp; Pauwels, O. (1998) Amphiesma optatum (Hu &amp; Djao, 1966) (Serpentes, Colubridae): an addition to the snake fauna of Vietnam, with a list of species of the genus Amphiesma and a note on its type species. J. Taiw. Mus., 51, 83 - 92." type="journal article" year="1998">David et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
, and in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEAFFD1FC13F8CD915F106C" author="Orlov" box="[916,1133,1844,1870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refString="Orlov, N. L., Ryabov, S. A., Nguyen Van Sang &amp; Nguyen Quang Truong (2003) New records and data on the poorly known snakes of Vietnam. Russ. J. Herpetol., 10, 217 - 240." type="journal article" year="2003">Orlov et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEAFFD0FB02F8CD94D31614" authority="Boulenger, 1890" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1890" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="50" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parallelum">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEAFFD1FB02F8CD9019106F" box="[1157,1323,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="49">A. parallelum</emphasis>
(Boulenger, 1890)
</taxonomicName>
bears 20–24 maxillary teeth, 8 supralabials (
<quantity id="4CE14DABFFEBFFD0FB8AFEE5916E1614" box="[1037,1116,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 in</quantity>
contact with the eye), the enlarged posterior maxillary teeth are separated from others by a distinct diastema, and the species has a distinct broad, pale and continuous dorsolateral stripe from the neck to the end of tail, and a nearly always present black preocular streak on preocular and loreal (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FE0AFE45972816F4" author="Smith" box="[397,538,444,470]" pageId="11" pageNumber="55" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo - Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. 3 - Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FDA0FE4597C516F4" author="David" box="[551,759,444,470]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P., Vogel, G. &amp; Pauwels, O. S. G. (2005) On the occurrence of Amphiesma bitaeniatum (Wall, 1925) in Vietnam, with preliminary remarks on the group of Amphiesma parallelum (Boulenger, 1890) (Serpentes, Colubridae, Natricinae). Salamandra, 41, 167 - 178." type="journal article" year="2005">David et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEBFFD0FC8CFE45911716F4" authority="Sclater, 1891" authorityName="Sclater" authorityYear="1891" box="[779,1061,444,470]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pealii">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEBFFD0FC8CFE45965D16F7" box="[779,879,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">A. pealii</emphasis>
(Sclater, 1891)
</taxonomicName>
differs in having only 19–21 maxillary teeth, 2 anterior and 2 posterior temporals, 9 supralabials (only 4–5 touching the eye), 142–144 ventrals, 75–77 subcaudals, and a brown dorsum with a narrow light dorso­lateral stripe and a broader pale one occupying scale rows 1 and 2 (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FE97FDA594AC1554" author="Smith" box="[272,414,604,630]" pageId="11" pageNumber="55" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo - Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. 3 - Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEBFFD0FE33FDA596381554" authority="Boulenger, 1893" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1893" box="[436,778,604,630]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersii">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEBFFD0FE33FDA5971E1557" box="[436,556,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">A. petersii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FDBBFDA596331554" author="Boulenger" box="[572,769,604,630]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1893) Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History), Vol. I. Typhlopidae, Glauconiidae, Boidae, Ilysiidae, Uropeltidae, Xenopeltidae, and Colubridae aglyphae, part. Longmans and Co., London." type="book" year="1893">Boulenger, 1893</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
has two anterior temporals, 134–150 ventrals, 65–93 subcaudals, and a dorsal pattern of black and pale rounded spots (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FBFDFD7D901415BC" author="Tweedie" box="[1146,1318,644,670]" pageId="11" pageNumber="55" refString="Tweedie, M. W. F. (1961) The snakes of Malaya. Government Printing Office, Singapore, 143 pp." type="book" year="1961">Tweedie 1961</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FE8FFD5594CE15E4" author="David" box="[264,508,684,710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P. &amp; Vogel, G. (1997) The snakes of Sumatra. An annotated checklist and key with natural history notes. 2 nd Edition. Ed. Chimaira, Frankfurt a. M., 260 pp." type="book" year="1997">David &amp; Vogel 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FD8FFD5597C915E4" author="Malkmus" box="[520,763,684,710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" refString="Malkmus, R., Manthey, U., Vogel, G., Hoffmann, P. &amp; Kosuch, J. (2002) Amphibians and reptiles of Mount Kinabalu (North Borneo). A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G., Ruggell, 424 pp." type="book" year="2002">Malkmus et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FC81FD5596D715E4" author="David" box="[774,997,684,710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P. &amp; Das, I. (2003) A new species of the snake genus Amphiesma (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae) from western Sumatra, Indonesia. Raffles Bull. Zool., Singapore, 51, 413 - 419." type="journal article" year="2003">David &amp; Das 2003</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEBFFD0FC7FFD55901915E4" authority="Blyth, 1854" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1854" box="[1016,1323,684,710]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platyceps">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEBFFD0FC7FFD5591B515E7" box="[1016,1159,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">A. platyceps</emphasis>
(Blyth, 1854)
</taxonomicName>
bears 19–21 maxillary teeth, only 8 supralabials (3–5 touching the eye), body sides may be striped, and back with small black spots and sometimes with series of short white lines that run along the body (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FE78FCDD97BD141C" author="Smith" box="[511,655,804,830]" pageId="11" pageNumber="55" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo - Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. 3 - Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
; see photo in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FCBCFCDD9683141C" author="Das" box="[827,945,804,830]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" refString="Das, I. (2002) A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of India. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd, London, Cape Town, Sydney, Auckland, 144 pp." type="book" year="2002">Das 2002</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FC38FCDD91CF141C" author="Whitaker" box="[959,1277,804,830]" pageId="11" pageNumber="55" refString="Whitaker, R. &amp; Captain, A. (2004) Snakes of India, the field guide. Draco books, Chennai, 481 pp." type="book" year="2004">Whitaker &amp; Captain 2004</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEBFFD0FA96FCDD972B1444" authority="Schmidt, 1925" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1925" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popei">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEBFFD0FA96FCDD947B1447" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">A. popei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FED9FCB597231444" author="Schmidt" box="[350,529,844,870]" pageId="11" pageNumber="55" refString="Schmidt, K. P. (1925) New reptiles and a new salamander from China. Amer. Mus. Novit., New York, 157, 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1925">Schmidt, 1925</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
has 20 maxillary teeth, 8 upper labials (4–5 entering the eye), 130–137 ventrals, and 78–86 subcaudals (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FD71FC8D969314AC" author="Schmidt" box="[758,929,884,910]" pageId="11" pageNumber="55" refString="Schmidt, K. P. (1925) New reptiles and a new salamander from China. Amer. Mus. Novit., New York, 157, 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1925">Schmidt 1925</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEBFFD0FC32FC8D91CE14AC" authority="Boulenger, 1887" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[949,1276,884,910]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pryeri">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEBFFD0FC32FC8D912C14AF" box="[949,1054,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">A. pryeri</emphasis>
(Boulenger, 1887)
</taxonomicName>
has a different hemipenial spine ornamentation, 7–9 supralabials (only two reach the eye), 112–130 subcaudals, a dorsal pattern on each side of anterior 1/3 to 1/2 of the body consisting of several light vertical streaks that lack black edges, and the
<typeStatus id="54A25EECFFEBFFD0FBD8FC1591F81324" box="[1119,1226,1004,1030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
BMNH 1946.1.7.63 has only 25 maxillary teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FD74FBED9647130C" author="Mori" box="[755,885,1044,1070]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" refString="Mori, M. (1982) Japans Schlangen. Igaku-Shoin Ltd., Tokyo, 80 pp." type="book" year="1982">Mori 1982</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FC03FBED91B3130C" author="Ota" box="[900,1153,1044,1070]" pageId="11" pageNumber="55" refString="Ota, H. &amp; Iwanaga, S. (1997) A systematic review of the snakes allied to Amphiesma pryeri (Boulenger) (Squamata: Colubridae) in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 121, 339 - 360." type="journal article" year="1997">Ota &amp; Iwanaga 1997</bibRefCitation>
; see photos in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FE8FFBC594BC1374" author="Mori" box="[264,398,1084,1110]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" refString="Mori, M. (1982) Japans Schlangen. Igaku-Shoin Ltd., Tokyo, 80 pp." type="book" year="1982">Mori 1982</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FE18FBC597981374" author="Ota" box="[415,682,1084,1110]" pageId="11" pageNumber="55" refString="Ota, H. &amp; Iwanaga, S. (1997) A systematic review of the snakes allied to Amphiesma pryeri (Boulenger) (Squamata: Colubridae) in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 121, 339 - 360." type="journal article" year="1997">Ota &amp; Iwanaga 1997</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEBFFD0FD43FBC5917E1374" authority="Smedley, 1932" authorityName="Smedley" authorityYear="1932" box="[708,1100,1084,1110]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanguineum">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEBFFD0FD43FBC5964A1377" box="[708,888,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">A. sanguineum</emphasis>
(Smedley, 1932)
</taxonomicName>
has 2 preoculars, 140–155 ventrals, and a dorsal pattern consisting of a vertebral band and crossbars (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FE97FB75948E1384" author="Tweedie" box="[272,444,1164,1190]" pageId="11" pageNumber="55" refString="Tweedie, M. W. F. (1961) The snakes of Malaya. Government Printing Office, Singapore, 143 pp." type="book" year="1961">Tweedie 1961</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FE4CFB7597811384" author="David" box="[459,691,1164,1190]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P. &amp; Das, I. (2003) A new species of the snake genus Amphiesma (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae) from western Sumatra, Indonesia. Raffles Bull. Zool., Singapore, 51, 413 - 419." type="journal article" year="2003">David &amp; Das 2003</bibRefCitation>
; see photo in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FCD8FB75916E1384" author="Chan-ard" box="[863,1116,1164,1190]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" refString="Chan-ard, T., Grossmann, W., Gumprecht, A. &amp; Schulz, K. - D. (1999) Amphibians and reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand. An illustrated checklist - Amphibien und Reptilien der Halbinsel Malaysia und Thailands. Eine illustrierte Checkliste. Bushmaster Publications, Wurselen, 240 pp." type="book" year="1999">Chan­ard et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEBFFD0FBF4FB7594D113EC" authority="Boulenger, 1896" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarasinorum">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEBFFD0FBF4FB7590181387" box="[1139,1322,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">A. sarasinorum</emphasis>
(Boulenger, 1896)
</taxonomicName>
has 8 supralabials (3–5 entering the eye), 15 midbody scale rows, 137–141 ventrals, 65–75 subcaudals, and the dorsum is reddish brown anteriorly, olive or dark grey behind, with blackish transverse bands (de
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FC3AFAFD917F123C" author="Rooij" box="[957,1101,1284,1310]" pageId="11" pageNumber="55" refString="Rooij, N. de (1915) The reptiles of the Indo-Australian archipelago. I. Lacertilia, Chelonia, Emydosauria. Brill, Leiden, 384 pp." type="book" year="1915">Rooij 1915</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEBFFD0FBEDFAFD94F11264" authority="Gunther, 1872" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1872" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarawacense">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEBFFD0FBEDFAFD9019123F" box="[1130,1323,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">A. sarawacense</emphasis>
(Günther, 1872)
</taxonomicName>
has two anterior temporals, 17 midbody scale rows, 134–154 ventrals, and a dorsal pattern consisting of dark and light square blotches (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FC5CFAAD91E6124C" author="Malkmus" box="[987,1236,1364,1390]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" refString="Malkmus, R., Manthey, U., Vogel, G., Hoffmann, P. &amp; Kosuch, J. (2002) Amphibians and reptiles of Mount Kinabalu (North Borneo). A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G., Ruggell, 424 pp." type="book" year="2002">Malkmus et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
, David &amp; Das 2004; see photo in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FDC4FA85960F12B4" author="Malkmus" box="[579,829,1404,1430]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" refString="Malkmus, R., Manthey, U., Vogel, G., Hoffmann, P. &amp; Kosuch, J. (2002) Amphibians and reptiles of Mount Kinabalu (North Borneo). A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G., Ruggell, 424 pp." type="book" year="2002">Malkmus et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEBFFD0FCD3FA85919A12B4" authority="Boulenger, 1909" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1909" box="[852,1192,1404,1430]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sauteri">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEBFFD0FCD3FA8596FA12B7" box="[852,968,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">A. sauteri</emphasis>
(Boulenger, 1909)
</taxonomicName>
has 22–23 maxillary teeth, 7 supralabials (two entering the eye), 17 midbody scale rows, 118–131 ventrals, and a brown dorsum with small black spots, with a rather ill­defined reddishbrown streak on each side of the back, bearing a series of distinct small pale spots on the anterior body (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FE33F9E5970A1114" author="Maki" box="[436,568,1564,1590]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" refString="Maki, M. (1931) A monograph of the snakes of Japan. Dai-Ichi Shobo, Tokyo, 240 pp." type="book" year="1931">Maki 1931</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FDC3F9E597E21114" author="Smith" box="[580,720,1564,1590]" pageId="11" pageNumber="55" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo - Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. 3 - Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
; see photo in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FCF6F9E5912A1114" author="Lu" box="[881,1048,1564,1590]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" refString="Lu, G., Du, M. &amp; Shi, X. (1999) A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians of Taiwan. Taipei, 343 pp." type="book" year="1999">Lu et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEBFFD0FBA9F9E5947E117C" authority="Gunther, 1860" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1860" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sieboldii">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEBFFD0FBA9F9E591811117" box="[1070,1203,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">A. sieboldii</emphasis>
(Günther, 1860)
</taxonomicName>
has among others (see discussion above and compare also data in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FBFBF9BD9010117C" author="Malnate" box="[1148,1314,1604,1630]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" refString="Malnate, E. V. (1966) Amphiesma platyceps (Blyth) and Amphiesma sieboldii (Gunther): sibling species (Reptilia: Serpentes). J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., Bombay, 63, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1966">Malnate 1966</bibRefCitation>
) 191–207 ventrals in males, dorsal surfaces usually uniformly brown, except for a dorsolateral series of well­defined small white spots, venter often largely speckled with dark greyish­brown posteriorly, and subcaudal surface usually dark (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FBABF94591CE11F4" author="David" box="[1068,1276,1724,1750]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P., Vogel, G. &amp; Pauwels, O. S. G. (2005) On the occurrence of Amphiesma bitaeniatum (Wall, 1925) in Vietnam, with preliminary remarks on the group of Amphiesma parallelum (Boulenger, 1890) (Serpentes, Colubridae, Natricinae). Salamandra, 41, 167 - 178." type="journal article" year="2005">David et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEBFFD0FA96F945977311DC" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stolatum">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEBFFD0FA96F945945F11DF" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="50">A. stolatum</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
bears 21–24 maxillary teeth, 7–8 supralabials (
<quantity id="4CE14DABFFEBFFD0FBFAF91D91F811DC" box="[1149,1226,1764,1790]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="11" pageNumber="50" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 in</quantity>
contact with the eye), 118–161 ventrals, 50–89 subcaudals, and a brown back with two distinct yellowish stripes from neck to tip of tail (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FD60F8CD96B4106C" author="Bourret" box="[743,902,1844,1870]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" refString="Bourret, R. (1936) Les serpents de l'Indochine. II. Catalogue systematique descriptif. Henri Basuyau et Cie, Toulouse, 505 pp." type="book" year="1936">Bourret 1936</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FC15F8CD912E106C" author="Smith" box="[914,1052,1844,1870]" pageId="11" pageNumber="55" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo - Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. 3 - Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFEBFFD0FBA0F8CD9016106C" author="Campden-Main" box="[1063,1316,1844,1870]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" refString="Campden-Main, S. M. (1970) A field guide to the snakes of South Vietnam. Div. Rept. Amphib., U. S. Nat. Mus., Smiths. Inst., Washington, 3, 114 pp." type="book" year="1970">Campden­Main 1970</bibRefCitation>
; see photos in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FE2CFEE597131614" author="Cox" box="[427,545,284,310]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Cox, M. J. (1991) The snakes of Thailand and their husbandry. Krieger Publ. Comp., Malabar, Florida, 526 pp." type="book" year="1991">Cox 1991</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FDA9FEE5962B1614" author="Zhao" box="[558,793,284,310]" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" refString="Zhao, E. &amp; K. Adler (1993) Herpetology of China. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Contribution to Herpetology, 10, 522 pp." type="book" year="1993">Zhao &amp; Adler 1993</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FCA1FEE596EC1614" author="Cox" box="[806,990,284,310]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Cox, M. J., van Dijk, P. P., Nabhitabhata, J. &amp; Thirakhupt, K. (1998) A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. New Holland Publ. Ltd., London, 144 pp." type="book" year="1998">Cox et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FC6CFEE591ED1614" author="Chan-ard" box="[1003,1247,284,310]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Chan-ard, T., Grossmann, W., Gumprecht, A. &amp; Schulz, K. - D. (1999) Amphibians and reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand. An illustrated checklist - Amphibien und Reptilien der Halbinsel Malaysia und Thailands. Eine illustrierte Checkliste. Bushmaster Publications, Wurselen, 240 pp." type="book" year="1999">Chan­ard et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FB6BFEE59458167C" author="Lu" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" refString="Lu, G., Du, M. &amp; Shi, X. (1999) A field guide to the reptiles and amphibians of Taiwan. Taipei, 343 pp." type="book" year="1999">Lu et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FEF0FEBD971D167C" author="Nutphand" box="[375,559,324,350]" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" refString="Nutphand, W. (2001) Patterns of the snakes in Thailand. Amarin Printing and Publishing Public Co., Ltd., Bangkok, 320 pp." type="book" year="2001">Nutphand 2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FDBBFEBD9782167C" author="Das" box="[572,688,324,350]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Das, I. (2002) A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of India. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd, London, Cape Town, Sydney, Auckland, 144 pp." type="book" year="2002">Das 2002</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FD3BFEBD96C0167C" author="Whitaker" box="[700,1010,324,350]" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" refString="Whitaker, R. &amp; Captain, A. (2004) Snakes of India, the field guide. Draco books, Chennai, 481 pp." type="book" year="2004">Whitaker &amp; Captain 2004</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFECFFD7FB8FFEBD9018167C" authority="Wall, 1910" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1910" box="[1032,1322,324,350]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venningi">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFECFFD7FB8FFEBD91BC167F" box="[1032,1166,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">A. venningi</emphasis>
(Wall, 1910)
</taxonomicName>
has 27–32 maxillary teeth, 17 midbody scale rows, 155–176 ventrals, and an olive brown back with sometimes indistinct black checks or spots (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FC1FFE6D9115168C" author="Smith" box="[920,1063,404,430]" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo - Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. 3 - Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FBB1FE6D947416F4" author="Whitaker" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" refString="Whitaker, R. &amp; Captain, A. (2004) Snakes of India, the field guide. Draco books, Chennai, 481 pp." type="book" year="2004">Whitaker &amp; Captain 2004</bibRefCitation>
; see photos in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FE7AFE45974016F4" author="Das" box="[509,626,444,470]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Das, I. (2002) A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of India. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd, London, Cape Town, Sydney, Auckland, 144 pp." type="book" year="2002">Das 2002</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FD07FE45968E16F4" author="Whitaker" box="[640,956,444,470]" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" refString="Whitaker, R. &amp; Captain, A. (2004) Snakes of India, the field guide. Draco books, Chennai, 481 pp." type="book" year="2004">Whitaker &amp; Captain 2004</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFECFFD7FC53FE4591CB16F4" authority="Boie, 1826" authorityName="Boie" authorityYear="1826" box="[980,1273,444,470]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vibakari">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFECFFD7FC53FE45916B16F7" box="[980,1113,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">A. vibakari</emphasis>
(Boie, 1826)
</taxonomicName>
has 7–8 supralabials, 127–153 ventrals, 62–89 subcaudals, and a dorsum usually with an indistinct pale stripe on the 4th to 7th scale rows, occasionally containing small light spots (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FE97FDCD9485156C" author="Malnate" box="[272,439,564,590]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" refString="Malnate, E. V. (1962) The relationships of five species of the Asiatic natricine snake genus Amphiesma. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 114, 251 - 299." type="journal article" year="1962">Malnate 1962</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FE42FDCD9774156C" author="Mori" box="[453,582,564,590]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" refString="Mori, M. (1984) Japans Schlangen. Igaku-Shoin Ltd., Tokyo, 102 pp." type="book" year="1984">Mori 1984</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FDD3FDCD9663156C" author="Ota" box="[596,849,564,590]" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" refString="Ota, H. &amp; Iwanaga, S. (1997) A systematic review of the snakes allied to Amphiesma pryeri (Boulenger) (Squamata: Colubridae) in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 121, 339 - 360." type="journal article" year="1997">Ota &amp; Iwanaga 1997</bibRefCitation>
; see photo in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FC7FFDCD9149156C" author="Mori" box="[1016,1147,564,590]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" refString="Mori, M. (1984) Japans Schlangen. Igaku-Shoin Ltd., Tokyo, 102 pp." type="book" year="1984">Mori 1984</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFECFFD7FB15FDCD94E71554" authority="Schenkel, 1901" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityYear="1901" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viperinum">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFECFFD7FB15FDCD9019156F" box="[1170,1323,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">A. viperinum</emphasis>
(Schenkel, 1901)
</taxonomicName>
has 7 supralabials (3–4 entering the orbit), 2 anterior temporals, 101 ventrals, 59 subcaudals, and a dorsal pattern consisting of a dorsolateral stripe and crossbars (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FE01FD5597B115E4" author="David" box="[390,643,684,710]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P. &amp; Vogel, G. (1997) The snakes of Sumatra. An annotated checklist and key with natural history notes. 2 nd Edition. Ed. Chimaira, Frankfurt a. M., 260 pp." type="book" year="1997">David &amp; Vogel 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FD16FD55964A15E4" author="David" box="[657,888,684,710]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" refString="David, P. &amp; Das, I. (2003) A new species of the snake genus Amphiesma (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae) from western Sumatra, Indonesia. Raffles Bull. Zool., Singapore, 51, 413 - 419." type="journal article" year="2003">David &amp; Das 2003</bibRefCitation>
); and
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFECFFD7FC44FD5591E715E4" authority="Wall, 1907" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1907" box="[963,1237,684,710]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenura">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFECFFD7FC44FD55910515E7" box="[963,1079,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">A. xenura</emphasis>
(Wall, 1907)
</taxonomicName>
differs from the new species by having only 22–23 maxillary teeth, usually 9 supralabials (3–4 touching the eye), 2 anterior and 2 posterior temporals, 158–165 ventrals, dorsum with a series of paired reddish­orange, pale brown, yellow or white spots on each side of upper back, and adjacent spots sometimes connected by faint black cross­lines (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FB15FCB590111444" author="Smith" box="[1170,1315,844,870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo - Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. 3 - Serpentes. Taylor &amp; Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FE8FFC8D970914AC" author="Whitaker" box="[264,571,884,910]" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" refString="Whitaker, R. &amp; Captain, A. (2004) Snakes of India, the field guide. Draco books, Chennai, 481 pp." type="book" year="2004">Whitaker &amp; Captain 2004</bibRefCitation>
; see photo in
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FD5BFC8D912314AC" author="Whitaker" box="[732,1041,884,910]" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" refString="Whitaker, R. &amp; Captain, A. (2004) Snakes of India, the field guide. Draco books, Chennai, 481 pp." type="book" year="2004">Whitaker &amp; Captain 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFECFFD7FEBFFC659478106C" blockId="12.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">
Similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFECFFD7FE33FC6597DD1497" box="[436,751,924,949]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesmoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornaticeps">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFECFFD7FE33FC6597DD1497" box="[436,751,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Amphiesmoides ornaticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, our new species also bears a conspicuous light, black­edged, vertical bar extending upward from the mouth immediately behind the eye and another similar one just anterior to the eye, over preocular and fourth supralabial (as given as a key feature in Pope 1935,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FD51FBED96F7130C" author="Yang" box="[726,965,1044,1070]" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" refString="Yang, D. &amp; Inger, R. F. (1986) Key to the snakes and lizards of China. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service, 71, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1986">Yang &amp; Inger 1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FC52FBED91F8130C" author="Zhao" box="[981,1226,1044,1070]" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" refString="Zhao, E. &amp; K. Adler (1993) Herpetology of China. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Contribution to Herpetology, 10, 522 pp." type="book" year="1993">Zhao &amp; Adler 1993</bibRefCitation>
), but
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFECFFD7FA96FBED94B61377" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesmoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornaticeps">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFECFFD7FA96FBED94B61377" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">A. ornaticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in contrast shows large, squarish, dark spots in the anterior body dorsum, which are separated by narrow, cream­colored interspaces, and a grayish­black dorsal stripe on the posterior two­thirds of body and tail (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FD78FB75969A1384" author="Malnate" box="[767,936,1164,1190]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" refString="Malnate, E. V. (1961) Amphiesmoides, a new genus for Tropidonotus ornaticeps Werner (Serpentes: Colubridae). Not. Nat., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 341, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1961">Malnate 1961</bibRefCitation>
, compare the photograph of the
<typeStatus id="54A25EECFFECFFD7FE8FFB4D945C13EC" box="[264,366,1204,1230]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFECFFD7FE11FB4D963413EC" authority="Schmidt, 1925" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1925" box="[406,774,1204,1230]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andrewsi">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFECFFD7FE11FB4D976613EF" box="[406,596,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Natrix andrewsi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FDDDFB4D963413EC" author="Schmidt" box="[602,774,1204,1230]" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" refString="Schmidt, K. P. (1925) New reptiles and a new salamander from China. Amer. Mus. Novit., New York, 157, 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1925">Schmidt, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
on plate
<quantity id="4CE14DABFFECFFD7FCF5FB4D969C13EC" box="[882,942,1204,1230]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.128" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" unit="in" value="32.0">32 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FC31FB4D91AD13EC" author="Zhao" box="[950,1183,1204,1230]" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" refString="Zhao, E. &amp; K. Adler (1993) Herpetology of China. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Contribution to Herpetology, 10, 522 pp." type="book" year="1993">Zhao &amp; Adler 1993</bibRefCitation>
, a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFECFFD7FEACFB25975813D7" box="[299,618,1244,1269]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesmoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornaticeps">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFECFFD7FEACFB25975813D7" box="[299,618,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Amphiesmoides ornaticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). According to
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FCAAFB2596D413D4" author="Malnate" box="[813,998,1244,1270]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" refString="Malnate, E. V. (1961) Amphiesmoides, a new genus for Tropidonotus ornaticeps Werner (Serpentes: Colubridae). Not. Nat., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 341, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1961">Malnate (1961)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFECFFD7FC76FB2591A313D7" box="[1009,1169,1244,1269]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesmoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornaticeps">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFECFFD7FC76FB2591A313D7" box="[1009,1169,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">A. ornaticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also bears a light ventrum, that has irregular, dark markings at the outer corners of each ventral, which become finer posteriorly and are indistinct subcaudally. With respect to scalation differences,
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFECFFD7FE1EFAAD9705124F" box="[409,567,1364,1389]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesmoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornaticeps">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFECFFD7FE1EFAAD9705124F" box="[409,567,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">A. ornaticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has anteriorly broader internasals, a distinctly higher subcaudal scale count (116–128), a lower ventral count (157–168), more temporal scales (1–2 + 2–4) and usually four (but occasionally three) postoculars (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FC0BFA5D9107129C" author="Schmidt" box="[908,1077,1444,1470]" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" refString="Schmidt, K. P. (1925) New reptiles and a new salamander from China. Amer. Mus. Novit., New York, 157, 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1925">Schmidt 1925</bibRefCitation>
, Pope 1935,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FB54FA5D947712C4" author="Bourret" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Bourret, R. (1936) Les serpents de l'Indochine. II. Catalogue systematique descriptif. Henri Basuyau et Cie, Toulouse, 505 pp." type="book" year="1936">Bourret 1936</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FED5FA3594CB12C4" author="Malnate" box="[338,505,1484,1510]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" refString="Malnate, E. V. (1961) Amphiesmoides, a new genus for Tropidonotus ornaticeps Werner (Serpentes: Colubridae). Not. Nat., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 341, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1961">Malnate 1961</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFECFFD7FD89FA35979912C7" box="[526,683,1484,1509]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesmoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornaticeps">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFECFFD7FD89FA35979912C7" box="[526,683,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">A. ornaticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also bears a different hemipenial spine ornamentation and more maxillary teeth (42–46), that are arranged in a continuous series, gradually becoming larger posteriorly (
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FDFAF9E596021114" author="Malnate" box="[637,816,1564,1590]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" refString="Malnate, E. V. (1961) Amphiesmoides, a new genus for Tropidonotus ornaticeps Werner (Serpentes: Colubridae). Not. Nat., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 341, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1961">Malnate 1961</bibRefCitation>
). Indeed,
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FC3EF9E591741114" author="Fan" box="[953,1094,1564,1590]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" refString="Fan, T. H. (1931) Preliminary report of reptiles from Yaoshan, Kwangsi, China. Bull. Dept. Biol. Col. Sci. Sun Yatsen Univ., 11, 1 - 154." type="journal article" year="1931">Fan (1931)</bibRefCitation>
only counted 28 maxillary teeth in the species
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFECFFD7FDF6F9BD97DF117F" box="[625,749,1604,1629]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesmoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornaticeps">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFECFFD7FDF6F9BD97DF117F" box="[625,749,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">ornaticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and Schmidt according to Pope (1935) only 37 maxillary teeth on the
<typeStatus id="54A25EECFFECFFD7FD96F995977611A4" box="[529,580,1644,1670]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFECFFD7FDEBF995961A11A7" box="[620,808,1644,1669]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andrewsi">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFECFFD7FDEBF995961A11A7" box="[620,808,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Natrix andrewsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this most likely is based on miscounts, as Pope (1935) counted 45 maxillary teeth on the same
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFECFFD7FC3FF96D917B118F" box="[952,1097,1684,1709]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Natrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andrewsi">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFECFFD7FC3FF96D917B118F" box="[952,1097,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">N. andrewsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54A25EECFFECFFD7FBD3F96D91B5118C" box="[1108,1159,1684,1710]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
specimen. In addition, according to
<bibRefCitation id="EF889DBFFFECFFD7FD88F94597F711F4" author="Malnate" box="[527,709,1724,1750]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" refString="Malnate, E. V. (1961) Amphiesmoides, a new genus for Tropidonotus ornaticeps Werner (Serpentes: Colubridae). Not. Nat., Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 341, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1961">Malnate (1961)</bibRefCitation>
the eye is conspicuous in
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFECFFD7FC7FF94591A711F7" box="[1016,1173,1724,1749]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesmoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornaticeps">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFECFFD7FC7FF94591A711F7" box="[1016,1173,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">A. ornaticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ca. 25 % of the head length), with the eye diameter projected forward from the anterior rim of the orbit reaching the suture between rostral and nasal, which is not the case in
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFECFFD7FBBBF8F590191007" box="[1084,1323,1804,1829]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andreae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFECFFD7FBBBF8F590191007" box="[1084,1323,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">Amphiesma andreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E8127FFECFFD7FE8FF8CD9478106C" box="[264,330,1844,1870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFECFFD7FE8FF8CD9478106C" bold="true" box="[264,330,1844,1870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="51">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF66B0C6FFEDFFD6FE8FF9FA90191138" box="[264,1323,1539,1563]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172654/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" targetBox="[437,1163,325,1521]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFEDFFD6FE8FF9FA90191138" blockId="13.[264,1323,1539,1563]" box="[264,1323,1539,1563]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEDFFD6FE8FF9FA94A51139" bold="true" box="[264,407,1539,1563]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
Type locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEDFFD6FDCBF9FA96161138" box="[588,804,1539,1562]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andreae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEDFFD6FDCBF9FA96161138" box="[588,804,1539,1562]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Amphiesma andreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E8127FFEDFFD6FCACF9FA96541139" box="[811,870,1539,1563]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEDFFD6FCACF9FA96541139" bold="true" box="[811,870,1539,1563]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in Quang Binh Province, central Vietnam.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C303B3C5FFEDFFD6FE8FF9B796BA107A" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFEDFFD6FE8FF9B797B21145" blockId="13.[264,1323,1614,1880]" box="[264,640,1614,1639]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEDFFD6FE8FF9B797B21145" box="[264,640,1614,1639]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Distribution and natural history</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFEDFFD6FEBFF98F948E11C2" blockId="13.[264,1323,1614,1880]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="4C199BCDFFEDFFD6FEBFF98F971A11AD" box="[312,552,1654,1679]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andreae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEDFFD6FEBFF98F971A11AD" box="[312,552,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Amphiesma andreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25E8127FFEDFFD6FDB6F98F974711B2" box="[561,629,1654,1680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B96D3C5CFFEDFFD6FDB6F98F974711B2" bold="true" box="[561,629,1654,1680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is only known from its
<typeStatus id="54A25EECFFEDFFD6FC10F98F96F811B2" box="[919,970,1654,1680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
locality (
<figureCitation id="1322FCCBFFEDFFD6FBBBF98F918111B2" box="[1084,1203,1654,1680]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[264,368,1539,1563]" captionTargetBox="[437,1163,325,1521]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[433,1170,315,1531]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Type locality of Amphiesma andreae sp. n. in Quang Binh Province, central Vietnam." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172654/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Figure 10</figureCitation>
). Records for
<collectingCountry id="F30EA0DEFFEDFFD6FEB4F967945E119A" box="[307,364,1694,1720]" name="Laos" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Laos</collectingCountry>
are expected in the future, due to the close proximity of the
<typeStatus id="54A25EECFFEDFFD6FBCDF967914F119A" box="[1098,1149,1694,1720]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
locality to the Laotian border.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6E04EFFEDFFD6FEBFF91796BA107A" blockId="13.[264,1323,1614,1880]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
The male
<typeStatus id="54A25EECFFEDFFD6FE36F917972A102A" box="[433,536,1774,1800]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(ZFMK 83747) was found during the late afternoon on the forest ground between the roots of a large tree. This tree was about ten metres away from a large stream running through a wide limestone forest valley.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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