358 lines
48 KiB
XML
358 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="4A6897CC6A4F09764B1C30A11D562A65" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5153.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6630973" ID-ZooBank="A658ADE4-F352-4D16-9DC7-2721BCBE1EEF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1654852256489" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Albuquerque, Nelson Rufino De & Fernandes, Daniel S." docDate="2022" docId="039B220BFFFED15EFF6B95C4FE84EDC5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5153.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5153 (1)" docSource="http://zoobank.org/a658ade4-f352-4d16-9dc7-2721bcbe1eef" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Leptophis ahaetulla Linnaeus 1758" docType="key" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFA25A73FFF6D154FFFC9632FFE3EE47" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the parrot snake Leptophis ahaetulla (Serpentes, Colubridae)" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1720181101203" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E24759E43A3A178CFEE5DC23275602F1">Taxonomic revision of the parrot snake Leptophis ahaetulla (Serpentes, Colubridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4A2BE668A2645253E678879831C14310">Albuquerque, Nelson Rufino De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="74A6555795D788ABA1075030317B4B7D" type="email">nelson_rufino@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A631A5DA50B4B1955B75A5D922E7868E">Fernandes, Daniel S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="759C94757437E9CB41E7B2C123591CAA" type="email">danferufrj@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="6CB54C6269073848DC6D9B8351B3FC9E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2BC5003C8AE1039EB162E4BA489EF865">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039B220BFFFED15EFF6B95C4FE84EDC5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B220BFFFED15EFF6B95C4FE84EDC5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B220BFFFED15EFF6B95C4FE84EDC5" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="C328C096FFFED15CFF6B95C4FABEEB12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFED15CFF6B95C4FE14EA56" blockId="8.[151,503,1014,1041]" box="[151,503,1014,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0C52471FFFED15CFF6B95C4FE14EA56" bold="true" box="[151,503,1014,1041]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFED15CFF6B95C4FE14EA56" bold="true" box="[151,503,1014,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFED15CFF6B95C4FE64EA56" ID-CoL="3TT2M" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,391,1014,1041]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ahaetulla">
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<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFED15CFF6B95C4FE64EA56" bold="true" box="[151,391,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Leptophis ahaetulla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFED15CFF6B920CFABEEB12" blockId="8.[151,1437,1086,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFED15CFF6B920CFEF5EA1F" bold="true" box="[151,278,1086,1112]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Definition.</emphasis>
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Members of this complex are distinguished from other congeners by having the following combination of states of characters: usually no loreal scale; postocular black stripe never extending posteriorly onto the anterior third of the body; anterior portion of the body of adult specimens in life variable but never copper, silver-gray green or with tranverse dark bands; general color pattern ranges from unicolored to striped; two dorsolateral stripes on the anterior portion of the body separated by a vertebral stripe or a middorsal area clearly defined; anterior portion of the body of adult striped specimens never grayish gold to bronze or emerald green; dorsal scales with single apical pit (rarely two) on most scales; all dorsal scales keeled, except those on the first row of each side and occasionally on vertebral row; dorsals of tail may be keeled for most of the length of tail; and less than 33 maxillary teeth.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C328C096FFFED15CFF3B936CFEA0EBDA" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFED15CFF3B936CFEA0EBDA" blockId="8.[151,1437,1086,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFED15CFF3B936CFE82EB3F" bold="true" box="[199,353,1374,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F325D38DFFFED15CFE95936DFE22EB3E" box="[361,449,1375,1401]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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, Central- and South America, including the Caribbean islands of
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<collectingCountry id="F325D38DFFFED15CFB53936DFA7EEB3E" box="[1199,1437,1375,1401]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13098F98FFFED15CFF6393B1FF0CEBDA" box="[159,239,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,2017,2041]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,1143,1989]" captionTargetId="figure-108@14.[151,1436,1137,1993]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distribution of Leptophis ahaetulla based upon the material examined." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6630981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6630981/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13098F98FFFED15CFF0793B1FEE9EBDA" box="[251,266,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1965,1989]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,1099,1937]" captionTargetId="figure-261@17.[151,1435,1097,1941]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Distribution of Leptophis bocourti, L. coeruleodorsus, L. occidentalis, L. praestans, and L. urostictus based upon the material examined." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6630989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6630989/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13098F98FFFED15CFEEB93B1FED5EBDA" box="[279,310,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[155,1428,1107,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-467@30.[151,1436,1100,1947]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 18. Distribution of Leptophis bolivianus, L. liocercus, L. marginatus, and L. nigromarginatus based upon the material examined." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631010/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">18</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C328C096FFFED15EFF6B93DDFE84EDC5" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="key">
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<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFED15CFF6B93DDFDF7E84E" blockId="8.[151,532,1518,1545]" box="[151,532,1518,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFED15CFF6B93DDFDF7E84E" bold="true" box="[151,532,1518,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Key to the species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFED15CFE6193DCFDF7E84E" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1825" box="[413,532,1518,1545]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFED15CFE6193DCFDF7E84E" bold="true" box="[413,532,1518,1545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Leptophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFED15CFF6B9005FE64E9D2" blockId="8.[151,1437,1591,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Because of the pattern of oblique dark bands found in most juveniles, this key is mostly focused on the identification of adult specimens (see also diagnoses, comparisons and
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<tableCitation id="C6B0A6A6FFFED15CFCD49069FC63E832" box="[808,896,1627,1653]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="46.[151,239,490,516]" captionText="TABLE 2. Quantitative variation of selected characters of 10 species of Leptophis that were formerly subspecies of L. ahaetulla. M=male, F=female. Sample sizes given for paired characters of pholidosis (e.g., number of teeth) refer to the number of sides examined for all specimens, whereas sample sizes given for other (nonpaired) characters (e.g., ventrals, subcaudals) refer to the number of specimens examined. 95% confidence limits (Cl) follow ranges, means ± standard deviations when appropriate. The ratio tail length (TL) snout-vent length (SVL) did not differ significantly between females and males in all the species examined, so the confidence interval of 95% (CI) encompasses the variation of both sexes. 1. L. ahaetulla, 2. L. bocourti, 3. L. bolivianus, 4. L. coeruleodorsus, 5. L. liocercus, 6. L. marginatus, 7. L. nigromarginatus, 8. L. occidentalis, 9. L. praestans, 10. L. urostictus." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Table 2</tableCitation>
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). In addition, we used the following references for species that are not part of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFED15CFDDA904DFCE4E8DE" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[550,775,1663,1689]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ahaetulla">
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<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFED15CFDDA904DFCE4E8DE" box="[550,775,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Leptophis ahaetulla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA3EEECFFFED15CFC7D904DFBFCE8DE" author="Oliver, J. A." box="[897,1055,1663,1689]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="157 - 280" refId="ref48705" refString="Oliver, J. A. (1948) The relationships and zoogeography of the genus Thalerophis Oliver. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 92, 157 - 280." type="journal article" year="1948">Oliver (1948)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA3EEECFFFED15CFBD1904DFB59E8DD" author="Hoyt, D. L." box="[1069,1210,1663,1690]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="214 - 215" refId="ref46934" refString="Hoyt, D. L. (1964) The rediscovery of the snake Leptophis modestus. Copeia, 1964 (1), 214 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1440854" type="journal article" year="1964">Hoyt (1964)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA3EEECFFFED15CFB34904DFA74E8DD" author="Henderson, R." box="[1224,1431,1663,1690]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="329 - 331" refId="ref46760" refString="Henderson, R. (1976) A new insular subspecies of the colubrid snake Leptophis mexicanus (Reptilia, Serpentes, Colubridae) from Belize. Journal of Herpetology, 10 (4), 329 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1563070" type="journal article" year="1976">Henderson (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA3EEECFFFED15CFF6B9091FEA9E8FA" author="Harding, K." box="[151,330,1698,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="221 - 226" refId="ref46658" refString="Harding, K. (1995) A new species of tree snake of the genus Leptophis Bell, 1825 from Mount Aripo, Trinidad. Tropical Zoology, 8 (2), 221 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.1995.10539282" type="journal article" year="1995">Harding (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA3EEECFFFED15CFEA59091FDE1E8FA" author="Savage, J. M." box="[345,514,1699,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref49891" refString="Savage, J. M. (2002) The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna between two Continents, between two Seas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 954 pp." type="book" year="2002">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA3EEECFFFED15CFDF39091FC45E8FA" author="Albuquerque, N. R. & McDiarmid, R. W." box="[527,934,1699,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="375 - 384" refId="ref42539" refString="Albuquerque, N. R. & McDiarmid, R. W. (2010) Redescription of Leptophis cupreus (Cope), a rare South American colubrine snake. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 50 (23), 375 - 384. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0031 - 10492010002300001" type="journal article" year="2010">Albuquerque & McDiarmid (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA3EEECFFFED15CFC489091FB4FE8FA" author="Murphy, J. C. & Downie, J. R. & Smith, J. M. & Livingstone, S. M. & Mohammed, R. S. & Lehtinen, R. M. & Eyre, M. & Sewlal, J. - A. N. & Noriega, N. & Casper, G. S. & Anton, T. & Rutherford, M. G. & Braswell, A. L. & Jowers, M. J." box="[948,1196,1699,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref48374" refString="Murphy, J. C., Downie, J. R., Smith, J. M., Livingstone, S. M., Mohammed, R. S., Lehtinen, R. M., Eyre, M., & Sewlal, J. - A. N., Noriega, N., Casper, G. S., Anton, T., Rutherford, M. G., Braswell, A. L. & Jowers, M. J. (2018) A Field Guide to the Amphibians & Reptiles of Trinidad & Tobago. Trinidad and Tobago Naturalists' Club, Port of Spain, 336 pp." type="book" year="2018">
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Murphy
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<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFED15CFBE59091FBADE8FA" box="[1049,1102,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
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. (2018)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA3EEECFFFED15CFB119091FEC4E8A6" author="Torres-Carvajal, O. & Pazmino-Otamendi, G. & Salazar-Valenzuela, D." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref50541" refString="Torres-Carvajal, O., Pazmino-Otamendi, G. & Salazar-Valenzuela, D. (2020) Reptiles del Ecuador. Version 2020.0. Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador. Available from: https: // bioweb. bio / faunaweb / reptiliaweb (accessed 7 June 2020)" type="url" year="2020">
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Torres-Carvajal
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<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFED15CFF6B90F5FF29E8A6" box="[151,202,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
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. (2020)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. The subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFED15CFDFB90F5FC07E8A6" authority="Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril" authorityName="Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril" authorityYear="1854" box="[519,996,1735,1761]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
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<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFED15CFDFB90F5FDF4E8A7" box="[519,535,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFED15CFDDA90F5FD7FE8A7" box="[550,668,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">mexicanus</emphasis>
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Duméril, Bibron & Duméril
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</taxonomicName>
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are merely listed after their respective species. We used no characters with very large range values (e.g., number of ventrals and subcaudals) since they largely overlap between the different species of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFED15CFD1E913DFC21E96E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[738,962,1807,1833]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ahaetulla">
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<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFED15CFD1E913DFC21E96E" box="[738,962,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Leptophis ahaetulla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B0A6A6FFFED15CFBC6913DFB70E96E" box="[1082,1171,1807,1833]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="46.[151,239,490,516]" captionText="TABLE 2. Quantitative variation of selected characters of 10 species of Leptophis that were formerly subspecies of L. ahaetulla. M=male, F=female. Sample sizes given for paired characters of pholidosis (e.g., number of teeth) refer to the number of sides examined for all specimens, whereas sample sizes given for other (nonpaired) characters (e.g., ventrals, subcaudals) refer to the number of specimens examined. 95% confidence limits (Cl) follow ranges, means ± standard deviations when appropriate. The ratio tail length (TL) snout-vent length (SVL) did not differ significantly between females and males in all the species examined, so the confidence interval of 95% (CI) encompasses the variation of both sexes. 1. L. ahaetulla, 2. L. bocourti, 3. L. bolivianus, 4. L. coeruleodorsus, 5. L. liocercus, 6. L. marginatus, 7. L. nigromarginatus, 8. L. occidentalis, 9. L. praestans, 10. L. urostictus." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, for at least two species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFED15CFED79101FE4BE90A" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1898" box="[299,424,1843,1869]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bocourti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFED15CFED79101FED8E90B" box="[299,315,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFED15CFEB59101FE4BE90A" box="[329,424,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">bocourti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFED15CFE1C9101FDB8E90B" authorityName="Harding" authorityYear="1995" box="[480,603,1843,1869]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stimsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFED15CFE1C9101FE13E90B" box="[480,496,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFED15CFE029101FDB8E90B" box="[510,603,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">stimsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) known from only a few specimens, the key will probably not include all potential variation of these taxa. We use the term “usually” to describe conditions that exist in at least 95% of the specimens examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFED15CFF6B91F2FA7FE9B4" blockId="8.[151,1436,1984,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1. Loreal scale usually present............................................................................. 2 1.1. Loreal scale usually absent.............................................................................. 5</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B96AAFA7FEEEA" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,151,173]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2. Keels usually present only on scales of paravertebral rows..................................................... 3</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B9687FA7FEE8D" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,181,203]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2.1 Keels usually present on all dorsal scales except for the first scale row........................................... 4</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B96E0FA7FEF43" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
3. Preocular black stripe absent; a short, narrow postocular black stripe usually extending no farther than three scales posterior to last supralabial; usually 9 supralabials on each side; 33–36 maxillary teeth...........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFFD15DFB0A96C2FA7FEF43" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[1270,1436,239,261]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depressirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFB0A96C2FAE0EF42" box="[1270,1283,240,261]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFAF396DDFA7FEF43" box="[1295,1436,239,260]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">depressirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B973FFA7FEF78" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
3.1 Preocular black stripe present; a long, broad postocular black stripe continuing onto body anteriorly on rows III-VII; usually 8 supralabials on each side; 17–21 maxillary teeth...................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFFD15DFAE69719FA7FEF78" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1306,1436,298,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diplotropis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFAE69719FAC4EF07" box="[1306,1319,299,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFAC89718FA7FEF78" box="[1332,1436,298,319]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">diplotropis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B977AFA7FEFD0" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
4. Dorsal scales with no apical pits; dorsum uniform green (dark bluish-green in preservative); a short, narrow postocular black stripe usually extending along suture between supralabials-lower postocular and between supralabials-temporals....................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFFD15DFAD697B1FA7FEFD0" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1322,1436,386,408]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFAD697B1FA7FEFD0" box="[1322,1436,386,408]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B9792FA7FEC6D" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
4.1 Dorsal scales, except for the first row, with apical pits; dorsum with lateral stripe on rows II-V/VI, middorsal area between lateral stripes grayish gold to bronze or emerald green (light greenish blue, light greenish brown, greenish blue, light gray, or light brown in preservative); a long postocular stripe (reduced to temporal region in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFBFE97E9FBECEFB7" box="[1026,1039,475,496]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFBE697E9FBC8EFB7" box="[1050,1067,475,496]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">m</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFBCB97E8FB6BEFA8" box="[1079,1160,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">hoeversi</emphasis>
|
||
and to the region of the neck in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFF0797CAFEEBEC4A" box="[251,264,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFEE897CAFEC6EC4A" box="[276,293,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">m</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFECD97C5FE23EC4B" box="[305,448,503,524]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">septentrionalis</emphasis>
|
||
) continuing posteriorly onto the anterior third of the body................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFFD15DFDB49427FD25EC6D" authorityName="Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril" authorityYear="1854" box="[584,710,533,554]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFDB49427FDB6EC6D" box="[584,597,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFD9D9427FD25EC6D" box="[609,710,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFD289427FD02EC6D" box="[724,737,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFD129427FD1CEC6D" box="[750,767,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">m</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFFD15DFCF79427FC93EC6D" authorityName="Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril" authorityYear="1854" box="[779,880,533,554]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFCF79427FC93EC6D" box="[779,880,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFC809427FC6AEC6D" box="[892,905,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFC6A9427FC44EC6D" box="[918,935,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">m</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFC4F9427FBE7EC6D" box="[947,1028,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">hoeversi</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFBEC9427FBFEEC6D" box="[1040,1053,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFBD69427FBD8EC6D" box="[1066,1083,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">m</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFBBB9427FB35EC6D" box="[1095,1238,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">septentrionalis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFB1E9427FB0CEC6D" box="[1250,1263,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFB079427FAEFEC6D" box="[1275,1292,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">m</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFAE49427FA77EC6D" box="[1304,1428,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">yucatanensis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B9400FA7EEC0F" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1437,562,584]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
5. Adults and juveniles with a series of transverse dark bands on dorsum; all dorsal scales keeled...................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFFD15DFAAC9401FA7EEC0F" authorityName="Despax" authorityYear="1911" box="[1360,1437,563,584]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riveti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFAAC9401FABEEC0F" box="[1360,1373,563,584]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFA969401FA7EEC0F" box="[1386,1437,563,584]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">riveti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B947DFA7FEC22" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,591,613]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5.1 Adults usually lack a series of transverse dark bands on dorsum; no keels on first dorsal scale row..................... 6</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B945FFA7FECE7" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6. Adult color pattern with two dorsolateral stripes covering scale rows II-III or II-IV on each side, at least in anterior portion of the body............................................................................................ 7</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B9495FA7FECB0" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6.1 Adult color pattern with or with no two dorsolateral stripes; if present, stripes separated by a bright green (dark blue or blue gray in preservative) middorsal area three to nine dorsal scale rows wide, or stripes cover scale row II (at least anteriorly) and are yellowish (in life).................................................................................. 8</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B9532FA7EEDCD" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
7. Adults with two Light Grass Green (109) to Light Emerald Green (142) (dark blue or greenish gray in preservative) dorsolateral stripes covering scale rows II-III (occasionally the IV) on each side, at least on anterior portion of the body; rows II–III (occasionally II–V) in anterior portion of the body Sulphur Yellow (80); before body scale reduction from 15 to 11, rows II–III usually suffused with Yellow Ocher (14); Jet Black (300) postocular stripe indistinct or narrow, occupying the lower edge of the anterior temporal, with lower edge to one-third of lower posterior temporal pigmented..................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFFD15DFAD49547FA7EEDCD" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1320,1437,885,906]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ahaetulla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFAD49547FAD6EDCD" box="[1320,1333,885,906]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFABE9547FA7EEDCD" box="[1346,1437,885,906]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ahaetulla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B95A0FA7FEA5B" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
7.1 Adults with two Light Emerald Green (142) to Robin’s Egg Blue (161) (caribbean blue to venetian blue in preservative) dorsolateral stripes covering scale rows II–IV on each side, at least on anterior portion of the body; rows I–III in anterior portion of the body white to Pale Sulphur Yellow (92); before body scale reduction from 15 to 11, rows II–III not suffused with Yellow Ocher (14); Jet Black (300) postocular stripe wide, occupying the lower half or two-thirds of anterior temporal and most of the lower posterior temporal......................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFFD15DFAED923AFA7FEA5B" authorityName="Albuquerque, Santos, Borges-Nojosa & Avila" authorityYear="2022" box="[1297,1436,1031,1053]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dibernardoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFAED923AFAFDEA5A" box="[1297,1310,1032,1053]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFAD69235FA7FEA5B" box="[1322,1436,1031,1052]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">dibernardoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B9217FA7FEA32" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
8. Head and dorsum in adults predominantly copper (coppery tan in preserved specimens with stratum corneum or bluish with no stratum corneum), dorsal bands of living juveniles are shaded on outer edges with bright emerald green and are copper on inner edges, giving a coppery-green tinge to general color...................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFFD15DFAC49252FA7FEA32" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1336,1436,1120,1141]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cupreus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFAC49252FAA6EA32" box="[1336,1349,1120,1141]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFAAD9252FA7FEA32" box="[1361,1436,1120,1141]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">cupreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B924FFA7FEAD5" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,1149,1171]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8.1 Head and dorsum in adults not as above................................................................... 9</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B92A8FA7FEA8A" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
9. Dorsum silver-gray green, with a tan venter (dark green both dorsally and ventrally in preservative); dorsolateral stripe one scale wide on each side; dorsal scales of tail keeled for half of its length..................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFFD15DFACF928AFA7FEA8A" authorityName="Harding" authorityYear="1995" box="[1331,1436,1208,1229]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stimsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFACF928AFAA3EA8A" box="[1331,1344,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFAB0928AFA7FEA8A" box="[1356,1436,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">stimsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B92E7FA7FEB40" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">9.1 Dorsal and ventral color pattern not as above; if present, dorsolateral stripes two or more scales wide; most of dorsal scales of tail keeled or no keels on dorsal scales of tail.............................................................. 10</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B9322FA7FEB05" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10. If present, dorsolateral stripes in anterior portion of the body separated by a bronze (light or light-gray in preservative) middorsal area two to three scale rows wide.................................................................. 11</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B9378FA7FEB3B" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
10.1 Dorsolateral stripes on anterior portion of the body separated by a Light Grass Green (109) (dark blue or blue gray in preservative) middorsal area three to nine scale rows wide..............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFFD15DFB13935AFA7FEB3B" authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="1942" box="[1263,1436,1383,1405]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleodorsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFB13935AFB1FEB3A" box="[1263,1276,1384,1405]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFAF49355FA7FEB3B" box="[1288,1436,1383,1404]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">coeruleodorsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B93B7FA7FEBDD" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,1413,1435]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">11. Adult pattern with no dorsolateral stripes on anterior portion of the body........................................ 12</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B9390FA7FEB93" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
11.1 Dorsolateral stripes on anterior portion of the body present, separated by a bronze (light-gray in preservative) middorsal area six-eight scales wide..........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFFD15DFADF93F2FA7FEB93" authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="1942" box="[1315,1436,1471,1493]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFADF93F2FAD3EB92" box="[1315,1328,1472,1493]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFAC0938DFA7FEB93" box="[1340,1436,1471,1492]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">nebulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B93EFFA7FEBB5" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[151,1436,1501,1523]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">12. Supracephalic scales and dorsum never marked with numerous small, irregularly shaped black spots.................. 13</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B93C8FA7FE820" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
12.1 Supracephalic scales and dorsum Dark Egg Blue (162) (dark slate gray or ultramarine in preservative), and marked with numerous small, irregularly shaped black spots (brown in preservative; dorsum not spotted in the single juvenile examined); supracephalic scales narrowly edged; black keels on paravertebral and vertebral rows more prominent; two median rows of dorsal scales on tail keeled for most of length of tail.......................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFFD15DFACE9061FA7FE820" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1898" box="[1330,1436,1618,1640]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bocourti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFACE9061FA7FE820" box="[1330,1436,1618,1640]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. bocourti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B9042FA7FE887" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
13. Supracephalic scales and dorsum uniformly Grass Green (110) (dark blue in preservative), supracephalic scales finely edged with black; interstitial skin on dorsolateral region with Sulphur Yellow (80) (white in preservative) chevron-shaped marks; postocular black stripe absent (at least in adults)....................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFFD15DFADA9099FA7FE887" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1869" box="[1318,1436,1707,1728]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praestans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFADA9099FAD0E887" box="[1318,1331,1707,1728]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFAC39099FA7FE887" box="[1343,1436,1707,1728]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">praestans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B90FAFA7FE8BD" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">13.1 Supracephalic scales can be edged with black; interstitial skin on dorsolateral region not as above; postocular black stripe present............................................................................................. 14</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B9130FA7FE915" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
14. Dorsum uniform Light Greenish Cyan (149) or green (dark blue or greenish blue in preservative); supracephalic scales slightly edged with black; dorsal coloration of anterior portion of the body persisting throughout the length of the body; dorsal keels forming a series of parallel black lines..........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFFD15DFAF3910FFA7FE915" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1295,1436,1853,1874]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFAF3910FFAFFE915" box="[1295,1308,1853,1874]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFFD15DFAD4910FFA7FE915" box="[1320,1436,1853,1874]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFFD15DFF6B9168FA7FE9A2" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">14.1 Dorsum Cinnamon-Drab (50), Yellow-Green (103), Yellowish Spectrum Green (128), Light Emerald Green (142), Turquoise Green (147), Light Caribbean Blue (163), or metallic green (dark blue, greenish blue, or dark bluish green in preservative), at least on anterior portion of the body; supracephalic scales frequently edged with black; coloration of anterior portion of the body can be different from that of the rest of the body; dorsal scales with black or brown keels, but not forming a series of parallel lines........................................................................................ 15</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFCD15EFF6B96A5FA7FEE8C" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">15. Dorsal coloration can change gradually toward tail; ventral scales can be edged anteriorly and laterally with Robins’s Egg Blue (161) (dark greenish blue in preservative); some dorsal scales of the tail can be keeled.............................. 16</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFCD15EFF6B96E0FA7FEF65" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
15.1 Dorsal coloration usually changes gradually to Olive Yellow (117) (light brown or darker brown in preservative) toward tail; ventral scales never edged anteriorly and laterally with Robins’s Egg Blue (161) (dark greenish blue in preservative); dorsal scales of the tail never keeled....................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFCD15EFAD0973FFA7FEF65" baseAuthorityName="Wied" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1324,1436,269,290]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liocercus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFCD15EFAD0973FFADAEF65" box="[1324,1337,269,290]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFCD15EFAB9973FFA7FEF65" box="[1349,1436,269,290]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">liocercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFCD15EFF6B9718FA7FEFDF" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
16. Parietal and supraocular scales with no black spots; usually broad postocular black stripe occupying lower edge of upper postocular, upper edge of lower postocular, half or nearly all of anterior and posterior temporals, and upper edges of last two or three supralabials; keels on rows III-XII heavily black (more prominent on rows V-VII on either side), before the reduction to 11 dorsal scale rows; occasionally 13 dorsal scale rows at midbody.......................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFCD15EFAD997B1FA7FEFDF" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1317,1436,387,408]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="urostictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFCD15EFAD997B1FAD1EFDF" box="[1317,1330,387,408]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFCD15EFAC297B1FA7FEFDF" box="[1342,1436,387,408]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">urostictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFCD15EFF6B97ADFA7FEC4A" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">16.1 Usually one or two black spots on each parietal and supraocular scales; usually a narrow postocular black stripe reduced to black margin on posterior edge of lower preocular, lower edge of anterior temporal and lower posterior temporal or occupying lower edge to one third of anterior temporal, lower edged to half of lower posterior temporal, and upper edges of last two or three supralabials; keels on rows III–XII slightly black or brown; usually 15 dorsal scale rows at midbody.............. 17</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFCD15EFF6B9427FA7EEC0F" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
17. Ventral scales usually edged anteriorly and laterally with Light Turquoise Green (146) (bluish green in preservative)............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFCD15EFB1F9401FA7EEC0F" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1251,1437,563,584]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigromarginatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFCD15EFB1F9401FB13EC0F" box="[1251,1264,563,584]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFCD15EFB019401FA7EEC0F" box="[1277,1437,563,584]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">nigromarginatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFCD15EFF6B9462FA7FECC5" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">17.1 Ventral scales never edged anteriorly and laterally with Light Turquoise Green (146) (dark greenish blue in preservative).... .................................................................................................. 18</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFCD15EFF6B94B8FA7FECFB" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
18. Usually two or more poorly defined, diffuse black spots on each parietal and distinct one or two black spots (occasionally elongate) on each supraocular; short keels usually present on entire length of dorsal scales of tail.............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFCD15EFAE3949AFA7FECFB" authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="1942" box="[1311,1436,679,701]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bolivianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFCD15EFAE3949AFA7FECFB" box="[1311,1436,679,701]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. bolivianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFCD15EFF6B94F7FA7FED52" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
18.1 Usually a small, defined black spot on the center of each parietal scale and, in most specimens, on outer side of each supraocular; keels occasionally present on dorsal scales of tail posterior to the point of reduction from six to four rows......................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFFCD15EFAEA9532FA7FED52" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1302,1436,768,789]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Leptophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marginatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFCD15EFAEA9532FAC0ED52" box="[1302,1315,768,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFCD15EFACC9532FA7FED52" box="[1328,1436,768,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">marginatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFFCD15EFF6B955AFE84EDC5" blockId="10.[151,359,872,898]" box="[151,359,872,898]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFFCD15EFF6B955AFE84EDC5" bold="true" box="[151,359,872,898]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Species accounts</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |