630 lines
74 KiB
XML
630 lines
74 KiB
XML
<document id="604717E663EC663A596B6E9B76FF16FB" ID-DOI="10.1649/0010-065X-70.3.409" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10107076" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1630179898171" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Smith, Sarah M. & Cognato, Anthony I." docDate="1869" docId="03C187BEFFD29B45D3627DE16DDDFE31" docLanguage="en" docName="0010-065X-70.3.409.pdf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 1869 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-70.3.409" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A0A70CFE30726088A421CCB226FF86C7.4:TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="A0A70CFE30726088A421CCB226FF86C7" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Coptonotus striatus Eggers 1933" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="428" masterDocId="FFF8FFC6FFD99B57D07379456C64FFF7" masterDocTitle="A Revision ofCoptonotusChapuis, 1869 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Coptonotinae) with Notes on Its Biology" masterLastPageNumber="428" masterPageNumber="409" pageNumber="409" updateTime="1699639310804" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6CB5C2C10624972B9900AF8CB6335140">
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<mods:title id="E34519B219A1F2489B16C8A3D72BFA3E">A Revision ofCoptonotusChapuis, 1869 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Coptonotinae) with Notes on Its Biology</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C09D636ECEA418A34435E556E3970688" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4E1F4C4E36A86F975AD9AA69957758CB">Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="E6432E9755EF1A96E9CC746F56F65E18" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F3961D9188EA24228775F5DB1E5725FD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6299449CBE73E25F8BA81AD480C6302C">Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BCD1161E54BD0A0170B34D94BEDB99D5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E19C6533E8C612676DAD7F9AB94C2D02">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="CF3D0303B8CEC178FB578B12F70D3952">
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<mods:date id="B3FC15233829D6B06980AAC1337B750D">1869</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AF8A84C3ADB1F01F792C411EEC917457">2016-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0A2DF43B5A2635BA2C7FDBCF20C2E8C0">1869</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F75889D319053060F8A349A18FB5FAA5" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="8C4212F3525C361454A922F09D64B1A3">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="EE9A0724290AD02F4A124F26797A5381">409</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="E74AF5ADB5091BA32E9DFFF6A3CD9600">http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-70.3.409</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="700A0EFBB9E1B6D6C348BCE78E75B435">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="70CEF726BE085DC0EF49A1825115DA26" type="DOI">10.1649/0010-065X-70.3.409</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A9EEC6AB550D0AD8509F136003FFCB6F" type="Zenodo-Dep">10107076</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C187BEFFD29B45D3627DE16DDDFE31" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187BEFFD29B45D3627DE16DDDFE31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187BEFFD29B45D3627DE16DDDFE31" lastPageId="18" pageId="11">
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<subSubSection id="C3726523FFD29B5CD3627DE16843FB24" pageId="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFD29B5CD3627DE16843FB24" blockId="11.[785,1115,1188,1236]" pageId="11">
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D2BFFD29B5CD3627DE1683FFB4E" ID-CoL="Y7YY" authority="Eggers, 1933" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1933" box="[785,1115,1188,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Coptonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD29B5CD3627DE1683FFB4E" bold="true" box="[785,1115,1188,1209]" pageId="11">
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<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD29B5CD3627DE16FB4FB4E" bold="true" box="[785,976,1188,1209]" italics="true" pageId="11">Coptonotus striatus</emphasis>
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Eggers, 1933
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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||
<figureCitation id="13532A2DFFD29B5CD3387DFB6FF4FB24" box="[843,912,1214,1235]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[175,214,1731,1750]" captionTargetBox="[154,1172,191,1683]" captionTargetId="figure-1@6.[154,1174,191,1720]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 2–6. Coptonotus species, morphological characteristics. 2–5) Prosternal process: 2) C. cyclopus;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10107080/files/figure.png" pageId="11">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13532A2DFFD29B5CD3E87DFB6FBDFB24" box="[923,985,1214,1236]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="7.[197,236,1431,1450]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,190,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-113@7.[173,1193,183,1408]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs. 7–18. Coptonotus species, male genitalia, dorsal and lateral views and tegmen, respectively. 7–9) C. cyclopus; 10–12) C. doppelganger; 13–15) C. striatus; 16–18) C. uteq." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10107082/files/figure.png" pageId="11">13–15</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13532A2DFFD29B5CD3977DFB6844FB24" box="[996,1056,1214,1236]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="12.[175,214,1125,1144]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,193,1102]" captionTargetId="figure-281@12.[151,1171,193,1102]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs. 35–42. Coptonotus striatus. Male habitus: 35) Dorsal view; 36) Lateral view; 37) Frontal view; 38) Declivity. Female habitus: 39) Dorsal view; 40) Lateral view; 41) Frontal view; 42) Declivity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10107090/files/figure.png" pageId="11">35–42</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3726523FFD29B5CD2A87DAC6F11FAEF" pageId="11" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFD29B5CD2A87DAC6F11FAEF" blockId="11.[706,1193,1257,1729]" pageId="11">
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<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD29B5CD2A87DAC6FE6FB09" bold="true" box="[731,898,1257,1278]" pageId="11">Type Material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B003CF5FFD29B5CD3FD7DAC6F11FAEF" collectionCode="NHMW" country="French Guiana" location="French Guiana" pageId="11" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54D3880AFFD29B5CD3FD7DAC6F88FB09" box="[910,1004,1257,1278]" pageId="11" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: female,
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<collectingCountry id="F37F7638FFD29B5CD4157DAC6F6CFAEF" name="French Guiana" pageId="11">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED79AE6DFFD29B5CD3657C466F0EFAEF" box="[790,874,1283,1304]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="11" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3726523FFD29B5CD2A87C5B6FE1F9F0" pageId="11" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFD29B5CD2A87C5B6FE1F9F0" blockId="11.[706,1193,1257,1729]" pageId="11">
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<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD29B5CD2A87C5B6F26FAC4" bold="true" box="[731,834,1310,1331]" pageId="11">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C684D2BFFD29B5CD33D7C58686BFAC4" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1933" box="[846,1039,1309,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Coptonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatus">
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<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD29B5CD33D7C58686BFAC4" box="[846,1039,1309,1331]" italics="true" pageId="11">Coptonotus striatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is readily distinguished from other species by its much smaller size, 3.0–
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<quantity id="4C909B4DFFD29B5CD3547C166F1CFA9F" box="[807,888,1363,1384]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="11" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
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, elytra with interstriae raised, canaliculate, and with setose shallow punctures, identical declivity in both sexes, very large, deep pronotal punctures that are reticulate within, completely shagreened body, the antennal scape shorter than the funicular length, and its distribution in the Guianas.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3726523FFD29B5AD2A87F486FE7FED0" lastPageId="13" pageId="11" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFD29B5AD2A87F486D49FB59" blockId="11.[706,1193,1257,1729]" lastBlockId="13.[173,660,194,1729]" lastPageId="13" pageId="11">
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<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD29B5CD2A87F486FA1F9D5" bold="true" box="[731,965,1549,1570]" pageId="11">Redescription of Male.</emphasis>
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||
<quantity id="4C909B4DFFD29B5CD3A27F486878F9D5" box="[977,1052,1549,1570]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="11" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
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||
long,
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<quantity id="4C909B4DFFD29B5CD42E7F4868CDF9D5" box="[1117,1193,1549,1570]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="11" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
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wide, 3.15 times longer than wide (
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<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD29B5CD4577F6D6854F9CA" box="[1060,1072,1576,1597]" italics="true" pageId="11">n</emphasis>
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= 1). Body dark red-black, head darker than body, usually black. Tarsi and antennae alutaceous.
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<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD29B5CD4457F186816F985" bold="true" box="[1078,1138,1629,1650]" pageId="11">Head:</emphasis>
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Subquadrate from apex of rostrum to upper level of eyes. Rostrum short, nearly parallel-sided, twice as wide as long, smooth, shiny, almost glabrous; rostrum with punctures dense, small, shallow, somewhat evenly distributed, spaced 1–4 diameters of a puncture; impressed from lateral margins to just before median line, appearing bisulcate; apex of rostrum bearing a moderately elevated and strongly ventrally produced process over mandibles, apical margin with 4 large punctures; apex with a pair of faint, oblique carinae, carinae arising from produced process and extended dorsally toward median line, each carina with a large median puncture just behind the dorsal margin, puncture 4 times size of surrounding punctures, deeper, bearing 2 long, erect, pointed, hair-like setae, 3 times length of other rostral setae; median area between carinae impunctate. Frons smooth, shiny, bearing scattered single setae in lateral areas; coarsely strigate-punctate, punctures spaced 0.5 diameter of a puncture; median fovea absent; median frontal tumescence resembling a kite, wid- est at basal third, distinctly elevated. Eyes shallowly sinuate; dorsal margin at midpoint of frons, ventral margin located approximately 1 club length from gular suture. Point of antennal insertion at midpoint between mandibular base and upper level of eye. Antennal scape short, narrow, clavate, less than length of funicle; funicle 7-segmented; club ovoid, basal half corneus, 3 weakly procurved sutures, each suture demarcated by a row of setae, sutures less prominent on posterior face. Vertex shiny, sparsely punctate, punctures spaced 2– 6 diameters of a puncture, coarsely longitudinally and transversely aciculate.
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<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD59B5BD3CE7F48684DF9D5" bold="true" box="[957,1065,1549,1570]" pageId="12">Pronotum:</emphasis>
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1.1 times longer than wide, resembling an hourglass, widest at basal quarter, sides projecting distally at an oblique angle from basal margin to widest point, sides deeply emarginate from just anterior to basal quarter for reception of profemur, sides arcuate from apical 2/5 to apical tenth and narrowly constricted on apical tenth; anterior margin weakly emarginate; surface shagreened, densely, deeply punctulate, punctures very large, punctures clearly reticulate within, punctures spaced by half a diameter of a puncture, each puncture on apical half bearing a single semierect, golden seta; median line impunctate, shiny; lateral margins weakly carinate; basal margin transverse, weakly carinate. Prosternal process with sternellum slightly tumescent, rhomboid with a medial elliptic depression; poststernellum unmodified (
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<figureCitation id="13532A2DFFD49B5AD09478896D40FE16" box="[231,292,460,481]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[175,214,1731,1750]" captionTargetBox="[154,1172,191,1683]" captionTargetId="figure-1@6.[154,1174,191,1720]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 2–6. Coptonotus species, morphological characteristics. 2–5) Prosternal process: 2) C. cyclopus;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10107080/files/figure.png" pageId="13">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD14A78896D0BFE16" bold="true" box="[313,367,460,481]" pageId="13">Legs:</emphasis>
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Procoxae narrowly separated. Protibia as described for genus with outer margin with a large spine at apical third equal in size to uncus and 2 smaller teeth along basal margin; inner posterior margin lined with 2 large spines; anterior face with a row of 5 median denticles. Mesotibia and metatibia as described for genus except lateral margins lined with 4 very large spines, spines approximately the size of uncus.
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<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD19F7BE56E57FD42" bold="true" box="[492,563,672,693]" pageId="13">Elytra:</emphasis>
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2.0 times longer than wide. Elytral base transverse, carinate. Scutellum triangular, short, narrow; flush with surface. Sides straight on basal 2/3, narrowed on apical third; apex entire. Elytral striae large, twice width of interstriae, striae deeply impressed, interstriae carinate on lateral margins, punctate within, appearing channeled, each puncture bearing an erect, stout seta, strial punctures rounded, not medially constricted, strongly shagreened. Discal interstriae granulate, becoming tuberclate on declivity. Declivity convex.
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<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD15A7A816DFFFC2E" bold="true" box="[297,411,964,985]" pageId="13">Terminalia:</emphasis>
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Aedeagus arcuate, apex broadly curved, median lobe broad with lightly sclerotized central area, lateral margins heavily sclerotized, broad. Internal sac central area membranous; median orifice lightly sclerotized. Flagellum elongate, flattened, and apically curled. Apodemes short, narrow, slightly less than 1/5 body length. Tegmen with very elongate and apically rounded anterior strut.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF176620FFD59B5BD0DC7D206FE2FB67" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10107090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10107090/files/figure.png" pageId="12" startId="12.[175,214,1125,1144]" targetBox="[151,1171,193,1102]" targetPageId="12">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFD59B5BD0DC7D206FE2FB67" blockId="12.[151,1172,1124,1168]" pageId="12">
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||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD59B5BD0DC7D206D7AFB8F" bold="true" box="[175,286,1124,1144]" pageId="12">Figs. 35–42.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D2BFFD59B5BD1407D216DBFFB80" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1933" box="[307,475,1124,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Coptonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD59B5BD1407D216DBFFB80" box="[307,475,1124,1143]" italics="true" pageId="12">Coptonotus striatus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. Male habitus:
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<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD59B5BD2107D206E1BFB8F" bold="true" box="[611,639,1125,1144]" pageId="12">35)</emphasis>
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||
Dorsal view;
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||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD59B5BD2897D206F72FB8F" bold="true" box="[762,790,1125,1144]" pageId="12">36)</emphasis>
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||
Lateral view;
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<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD59B5BD3E67D206FD5FB8F" bold="true" box="[917,945,1125,1144]" pageId="12">37)</emphasis>
|
||
Frontal view;
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||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD59B5BD4427D206829FB8F" bold="true" box="[1073,1101,1125,1144]" pageId="12">38)</emphasis>
|
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Declivity. Female habitus:
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<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD59B5BD1357D386D06FB67" bold="true" box="[326,354,1149,1168]" pageId="12">39)</emphasis>
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||
Dorsal view;
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||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD59B5BD1AF7D386D9CFB67" bold="true" box="[476,504,1149,1168]" pageId="12">40)</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD59B5BD2077D386EF4FB67" bold="true" box="[628,656,1149,1168]" pageId="12">41)</emphasis>
|
||
Frontal view;
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||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD59B5BD37C7D386F4FFB67" bold="true" box="[783,811,1149,1168]" pageId="12">42)</emphasis>
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Declivity.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFD49B5AD0B67DF16D4EFA9F" blockId="13.[173,660,194,1729]" pageId="13">
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<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD0B67DF16D70FB3E" bold="true" box="[197,276,1204,1225]" pageId="13">Female.</emphasis>
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3.0–
|
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<quantity id="4C909B4DFFD49B5AD1397DF16DF3FB3E" box="[330,407,1204,1225]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="13" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
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||
long,
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<quantity id="4C909B4DFFD49B5AD1AE7DF16E30FB3E" box="[477,596,1203,1225]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="13" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.4 mm</quantity>
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wide, 2.57–3.0 times as long as wide (
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<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD1987D8B6D93FB14" box="[491,503,1230,1251]" italics="true" pageId="13">n</emphasis>
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= 3); pronotum 1.1–1.3 times longer than wide; elytra 2.0 times longer than wide. Similar to male except frons without a tumescence, vertex shiny, sparsely punctate, punctures spaced 1–3 diameters of a puncture, not aciculate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFD49B5AD0B67C2B6FE7FED0" blockId="13.[173,660,194,1729]" lastBlockId="13.[706,1193,193,507]" pageId="13">
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||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD0B67C2B6DC2FA74" bold="true" box="[197,422,1390,1411]" pageId="13">Specimens Examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B003CF5FFD49B5AD1CF7C2B6F1AFED0" collectingDate="1995-09-16" collectingDateMax="2013-07-15" collectingDateMin="1995-09-16" collectionCode="SEMC, USNM, MKC" collectorName="E. Charles & R. Brooks & Z. Falin & de Patawa & M. L. Chamorro & M. Tryzna" country="Guyana" county="Relais de Patawa" elevation="70" latitude="3.6236112" location="Five" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.208057" municipality="Montagnes de Kaw" pageId="13" specimenCode="SEMC-1, USNM-1, MKC-1" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<location id="8EB76073FFD49B5AD1CF7C2B6D82FA74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187BEFFD29B45D3627DE16DDDFE31:8EB76073FFD49B5AD1CF7C2B6D82FA74" box="[444,486,1390,1411]" country="Guyana" county="Relais de Patawa" latitude="3.6236112" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.208057" municipality="Montagnes de Kaw" name="Five" pageId="13">Five</location>
|
||
specimens. Type material:
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D3880AFFD49B5AD1707CCD6D3EFA6A" box="[259,346,1416,1437]" pageId="13" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Non-type material:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7638FFD49B5AD2577CCD6EF4FA6A" box="[548,656,1416,1437]" name="Guyana" pageId="13">GUYANA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD0DE7CE66D63FA4F" box="[173,263,1442,1464]" italics="true" pageId="13">
|
||
<location id="8EB76073FFD49B5AD0DE7CE66C8BFA4F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187BEFFD29B45D3627DE16DDDFE31:8EB76073FFD49B5AD0DE7CE66C8BFA4F" box="[173,239,1443,1464]" country="Guyana" county="Relais de Patawa" latitude="3.6236112" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.208057" municipality="Montagnes de Kaw" name="Region" pageId="13">Region</location>
|
||
8
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EB76073FFD49B5AD1697CE66DA4FA4F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187BEFFD29B45D3627DE16DDDFE31:8EB76073FFD49B5AD1697CE66DA4FA4F" box="[282,448,1443,1464]" country="Guyana" county="Relais de Patawa" latitude="3.6236112" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.208057" municipality="Montagnes de Kaw" name="Iwokrama Forest" pageId="13">Iwokrama Forest</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB76073FFD49B5AD1A37CE66E7EFA4F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187BEFFD29B45D3627DE16DDDFE31:8EB76073FFD49B5AD1A37CE66E7EFA4F" box="[464,538,1443,1464]" country="Guyana" county="Relais de Patawa" latitude="3.6236112" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.208057" municipality="Montagnes de Kaw" name="Pakatau" pageId="13">Pakatau</location>
|
||
hills,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C506FFFD49B5AD2137CE66CBBFA25" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" precision="15" seconds="54" value="4.7483335">4°44′ 54″N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C506FFFD49B5AD0997CF86D33FA25" box="[234,343,1469,1491]" degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="1" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-59.026665">59°1′36″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B4DFFD49B5AD1167CF86DF9FA25" box="[357,413,1469,1490]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="13" unit="m" value="70.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0045D19BFFD49B5AD1167CF86DF9FA25" box="[357,413,1469,1490]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="13" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD61068FFD49B5AD1D87CF86E73FA25" box="[427,535,1469,1490]" pageId="13" value="2001-06-27">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF92E980FFD49B5AD1D87CF86E73FA25" box="[427,535,1469,1490]" pageId="13" value="2001-06-27">27.VI.2001</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="269D537EFFD49B5AD2557CF86EF4FA25" box="[550,656,1469,1490]" pageId="13">E. Charles</collectorName>
|
||
; GUY1BF01 038, ex. beating vegetation (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCE9ED3FFD49B5AD2417C9D6EEDFA1A" box="[562,649,1496,1517]" collectionCode="SEMC-" pageId="13">SEMC-1</specimenCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<location id="8EB76073FFD49B5AD0DE7CB76D6BF9F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187BEFFD29B45D3627DE16DDDFE31:8EB76073FFD49B5AD0DE7CB76D6BF9F0" box="[173,271,1522,1543]" country="Guyana" county="Relais de Patawa" latitude="3.6236112" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.208057" municipality="Montagnes de Kaw" name="Turtle Mt." pageId="13">Turtle Mt.</location>
|
||
summit,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C506FFFD49B5AD1197CB76DABF9F0" box="[362,463,1522,1544]" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" precision="15" seconds="57" value="4.7658334">4°45′57″N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C506FFFD49B5AD1A47CB76E20F9F0" box="[471,580,1522,1544]" degrees="58" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" precision="15" seconds="1" value="-58.733612">58°44′1″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B4DFFD49B5AD23C7CB76EF4F9F0" box="[591,656,1522,1543]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="13" unit="m" value="290.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0045D19BFFD49B5AD23C7CB76EF4F9F0" box="[591,656,1522,1543]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="13" unit="m" value="290.0">290 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD61068FFD49B5AD0DE7F486D2CF9D5" box="[173,328,1549,1570]" pageId="13" value="2001-05-30" valueMax="2001-06-01" valueMin="2001-05-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF92E980FFD49B5AD0DE7F486D2CF9D5" box="[173,328,1549,1570]" pageId="13" value="2001-05-30" valueMax="2001-06-01" valueMin="2001-05-30">30.V.-1.VI.2001</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="269D537EFFD49B5AD1257F486DDFF9D5" box="[342,443,1549,1570]" pageId="13">R. Brooks</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="269D537EFFD49B5AD1BB7F486E72F9D5" box="[456,534,1549,1570]" pageId="13">Z. Falin</collectorName>
|
||
; GUY1BF01 097, ex.
|
||
<collectingMethod id="52294EBFFFD49B5AD1757F626DD9F9CB" box="[262,445,1575,1596]" pageId="13">flight intercept trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCE9ED3FFD49B5AD1BC7F626E47F9CB" box="[463,547,1575,1596]" collectionCode="SEMC-" pageId="13">SEMC-1</specimenCode>
|
||
). FRENCH GUIANA: [
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD15F7F046DE4F9A0" box="[300,384,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="13">Cayenne</emphasis>
|
||
]: [Roura]:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB3ACD2FFD49B5AD2777F076CB8F985" pageId="13">Montagnes de Kaw</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B64E24FFD49B5AD09B7F186DEBF985" box="[232,399,1629,1650]" pageId="13">
|
||
Relais
|
||
<collectorName id="269D537EFFD49B5AD1597F186DEBF985" box="[298,399,1629,1650]" pageId="13">de Patawa</collectorName>
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
, trail nr. lodge,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C506FFFD49B5AD25D7F186EF6F985" box="[558,658,1628,1650]" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" precision="15" seconds="27" value="4.5408335">4°32′27″N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C506FFFD49B5AD0DE7F326D7EF97B" box="[173,282,1655,1677]" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="8" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" precision="15" seconds="29" value="-52.14139">52°8′29″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B4DFFD49B5AD1597F326D0BF97B" box="[298,367,1655,1676]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" unit="m" value="150.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0045D19BFFD49B5AD1597F326D0BF97B" box="[298,367,1655,1676]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD61068FFD49B5AD10C7F326D82F97B" box="[383,486,1655,1676]" pageId="13" value="2013-07-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF92E980FFD49B5AD10C7F326D82F97B" box="[383,486,1655,1676]" pageId="13" value="2013-07-02">2.VII.2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<collectorName id="269D537EFFD49B5AD1807F326EEBF97B" box="[499,655,1655,1676]" pageId="13">M.L. Chamorro</collectorName>
|
||
, ex. sweeping (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCE9ED3FFD49B5AD1447FD76DF6F950" box="[311,402,1682,1703]" collectionCode="USNM-" pageId="13">USNM-1</specimenCode>
|
||
; DNA voucher SMS 245); Fourgrassie,
|
||
<date id="FFD61068FFD49B5AD1597FE96DD2F936" box="[298,438,1708,1729]" pageId="13" value="1995-09-16" valueMax="1995-09-30" valueMin="1995-09-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF92E980FFD49B5AD1597FE96DD2F936" box="[298,438,1708,1729]" pageId="13" value="1995-09-16" valueMax="1995-09-30" valueMin="1995-09-16">16-30.IX.1995</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="269D537EFFD49B5AD1B57FE96E4BF936" box="[454,559,1708,1729]" pageId="13">M. Trýzna</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCE9ED3FFD49B5AD2317FE96EE9F936" box="[578,653,1708,1729]" collectionCode="MKC-" pageId="13">MKC-1</specimenCode>
|
||
) [
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD2B979846FD4FF20" box="[714,944,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="13">Saint-Laurent-du-Moroni</emphasis>
|
||
]: [Saül]: Saül airport environ.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C506FFFD49B5AD28579986F3DFF05" box="[758,857,220,242]" degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" precision="15" seconds="25" value="3.6236112">3°37′25″N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C506FFFD49B5AD31079986FBCFF05" box="[867,984,220,242]" degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" precision="15" seconds="29" value="-53.208057">53°12′29″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B4DFFD49B5AD39579986842FF05" box="[998,1062,221,242]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" unit="m" value="150.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0045D19BFFD49B5AD39579986842FF05" box="[998,1062,221,242]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD61068FFD49B5AD440799868C1FF05" box="[1075,1189,221,242]" pageId="13" value="2013-07-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF92E980FFD49B5AD440799868C1FF05" box="[1075,1189,221,242]" pageId="13" value="2013-07-15">15.VII.2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="269D537EFFD49B5AD2B179B26F06FEFB" box="[706,866,247,268]" pageId="13">M.L. Chamorro</collectorName>
|
||
, ex. sweeping (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCE9ED3FFD49B5AD47B79B26802FEFB" box="[1032,1126,247,268]" collectionCode="USNM-" pageId="13">USNM-1</specimenCode>
|
||
; DNA voucher SMS 245)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726523FFD49B5AD2A878696F30FE81" pageId="13" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFD49B5AD2A878696F30FE81" blockId="13.[706,1193,193,507]" pageId="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD2A878696F38FEB6" bold="true" box="[731,860,300,321]" pageId="13">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7638FFD49B5AD31B78696FD4FEB6" box="[872,944,300,321]" name="Guyana" pageId="13">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Region 8), French Guiana (Cayenne, Saint-Laurent-du-Moroni),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7638FFD49B5AD438780268CDFEAB" box="[1099,1193,327,348]" name="Suriname" pageId="13">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B59FFD49B5AD2BA78246F2DFE81" author="Schedl" box="[713,841,353,374]" pageId="13" refId="ref11963" refString="Schedl, K. E. 1962. Coleoptera fam. Coptonotidae. Genera Insectorum Fascicule 215 e." type="book" year="1962">Schedl 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726523FFD49B5AD2A878396852FDA1" pageId="13" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFD49B5AD2A878396FFAFE0C" blockId="13.[706,1193,193,507]" pageId="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD2A878396F29FE66" bold="true" box="[731,845,380,401]" pageId="13">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Wood and Bright (1992) incorrectly stated that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D3880AFFD49B5AD32978D26FC9FE5B" box="[858,941,407,428]" pageId="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is located in the Eggers collection at the USNM. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D3880AFFD49B5AD38678F4682CFE31" box="[1013,1096,433,454]" pageId="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was evidently borrowed and retained by Schedl and is housed at the NHMW.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFD49B5AD2B07B636852FDA1" blockId="13.[707,1192,550,598]" pageId="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD2B07B6368CCFDCC" bold="true" box="[707,1192,550,571]" pageId="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D2BFFD49B5AD2B07B636843FDCC" authority="Smith and Cognato" authorityName="Smith and Cognato" authorityYear="1869" box="[707,1063,550,571]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Coptontous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uteq" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD2B07B636F3DFDCC" bold="true" box="[707,857,550,571]" italics="true" pageId="13">Coptontous uteq</emphasis>
|
||
Smith and Cognato
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F57C1FFD49B5AD4407B6368CCFDCC" box="[1075,1192,550,571]" pageId="13" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A2DFFD49B5AD34E7B046FF8FDA1" box="[829,924,576,598]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[175,214,1731,1750]" captionTargetBox="[154,1172,191,1683]" captionTargetId="figure-1@6.[154,1174,191,1720]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 2–6. Coptonotus species, morphological characteristics. 2–5) Prosternal process: 2) C. cyclopus;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10107080/files/figure.png" pageId="13">Figs. 5–6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A2DFFD49B5AD3D47B046F83FDA1" box="[935,999,576,598]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="7.[197,236,1431,1450]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,190,1408]" captionTargetId="figure-113@7.[173,1193,183,1408]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs. 7–18. Coptonotus species, male genitalia, dorsal and lateral views and tegmen, respectively. 7–9) C. cyclopus; 10–12) C. doppelganger; 13–15) C. striatus; 16–18) C. uteq." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10107082/files/figure.png" pageId="13">16–18</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A2DFFD49B5AD3817B04684BFDA1" box="[1010,1071,576,598]" captionStart-0="Figs" captionStart-1="Figs" captionStartId-0="14.[175,214,1145,1164]" captionStartId-1="15.[197,236,1167,1186]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1171,183,1121]" captionTargetBox-1="[173,1193,183,1143]" captionTargetId-0="figure-279@14.[151,1171,183,1121]" captionTargetId-1="figure-236@15.[173,1193,183,1144]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionText-0="Figs. 43–50. Coptonotus uteq. Male habitus: 43) Dorsal view; 44) Lateral view; 45) Frontal view; 46) Declivity. Female habitus: 47) Dorsal view; 48) Lateral view; 49) Frontal view; 50) Declivity." captionText-1="Figs. 51–54. Coptonotus uteq, larva. 51) Habitus, lateral view; 52) Head, dorsal view; 53) Head, ventral view;" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107094" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107096" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10107094/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10107096/files/figure.png" pageId="13">43–54</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726523FFD49B5AD2A87B2E6849FC2E" pageId="13" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFD49B5AD2A87B2E6849FC2E" blockId="13.[706,1194,619,1729]" pageId="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD2A87B2E6F13FD77" bold="true" box="[731,887,619,640]" pageId="13">Type Material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B003CF5FFD49B5AD3F07B2E68C2FD1D" collectingDate="2015-05-16" collectionCode="MSUC" country="Ecuador" elevation="704" latitude="-0.63898337" location="Reserva Murucumba" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.149315" municipality="Canton Valencia" pageId="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Los Rios" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D3880AFFD49B5AD3F07B2E6FBBFD77" box="[899,991,619,640]" pageId="13" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: male,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7638FFD49B5AD45C7B2E68C2FD77" box="[1071,1190,619,640]" name="Ecuador" pageId="13">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD2B17BC36F7CFD6C" box="[706,792,646,667]" italics="true" pageId="13">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF84AFFD49B5AD2B17BC36F7CFD6C" box="[706,792,646,667]" country="Ecuador" name="Los Rios" pageId="13">Los Ríos</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB3ACD2FFD49B5AD35B7BC36FA8FD6C" box="[808,972,646,667]" pageId="13">Canton Valencia</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB76073FFD49B5AD3AA7BC368C2FD6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187BEFFD29B45D3627DE16DDDFE31:8EB76073FFD49B5AD3AA7BC368C2FD6C" box="[985,1190,646,667]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-0.63898337" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.149315" municipality="Canton Valencia" name="Reserva Murucumba" pageId="13" stateProvince="Los Rios">Reserva Murucumba</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C506FFFD49B5AD2B17BE56F21FD41" box="[706,837,672,694]" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="38.339" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" precision="1" value="-0.63898337">S00° 38.339′</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C506FFFD49B5AD3237BE56FBFFD41" box="[848,987,672,694]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="08.959" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" precision="1" value="-79.149315">W79° 08.959′</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B4DFFD49B5AD39F7BE5684BFD42" box="[1004,1071,672,693]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.04" pageId="13" unit="m" value="704.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0045D19BFFD49B5AD39F7BE5684BFD42" box="[1004,1071,672,693]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.04" pageId="13" unit="m" value="704.0">704 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD61068FFD49B5AD44D7BE568C1FD42" box="[1086,1189,672,693]" pageId="13" value="2015-05-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF92E980FFD49B5AD44D7BE568C1FD42" box="[1086,1189,672,693]" pageId="13" value="2015-05-16">16.V.2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, Cognato, Smith, Osborn, Martínez
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD4537BFE6828FD27" box="[1056,1100,698,720]" italics="true" pageId="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., EC 47, ex. unidentified
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B4DFFD49B5AD3147B906FF9FD1D" box="[871,925,725,746]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
diameter branch (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED79AE6DFFD49B5AD42B7B9068FBFD1D" box="[1112,1183,725,746]" pageId="13">MSUC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B003CF5FFD49B5AD2B17BB56F78FC48" collectingDate="2015-05-16" collectionCode="PUCE" collectorName="Cognato & Smith & Osborn & Martinez" country="Ecuador" elevation="704" latitude="-0.64239997" location="Reserva Murucumba" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.14837" municipality="Canton Valencia" pageId="13" specimenCode="MSUC-4, MSUC-1, MKC-1, PUCE-1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Los Rios" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D3880AFFD49B5AD2B17BB56F7BFCF2" box="[706,799,752,773]" pageId="13" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7638FFD49B5AD35A7BB56FF9FCF2" box="[809,925,752,773]" name="Ecuador" pageId="13">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD3DB7BB56F9EFCF2" box="[936,1018,752,773]" italics="true" pageId="13">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF84AFFD49B5AD3DB7BB56F9EFCF2" box="[936,1018,752,773]" country="Ecuador" name="Los Rios" pageId="13">Los Ríos</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB3ACD2FFD49B5AD4747BB568C2FCF2" box="[1031,1190,752,773]" pageId="13">Canton Valencia</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB76073FFD49B5AD2B17A4F6FE1FCE8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187BEFFD29B45D3627DE16DDDFE31:8EB76073FFD49B5AD2B17A4F6FE1FCE8" box="[706,901,778,799]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-0.64239997" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.14837" municipality="Canton Valencia" name="Reserva Murucumba" pageId="13" stateProvince="Los Rios">Reserva Murucumba</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C506FFFD49B5AD3E67A4F6876FCD7" box="[917,1042,778,800]" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="38.339" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" precision="1" value="-0.63898337">S00° 38.339′</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C506FFFD49B5AD46D7A4F68C7FCD7" box="[1054,1187,778,800]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="08.959" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" precision="1" value="-79.149315">W79° 08.959′</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B4DFFD49B5AD2B17A606F64FCCD" box="[706,768,805,826]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.04" pageId="13" unit="m" value="704.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0045D19BFFD49B5AD2B17A606F64FCCD" box="[706,768,805,826]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.04" pageId="13" unit="m" value="704.0">704 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD61068FFD49B5AD3797A606F0DFCCD" box="[778,873,805,826]" pageId="13" value="2015-05-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF92E980FFD49B5AD3797A606F0DFCCD" box="[778,873,805,826]" pageId="13" value="2015-05-16">16.V.2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="269D537EFFD49B5AD3077A606FA5FCCD" box="[884,961,805,826]" pageId="13">Cognato</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="269D537EFFD49B5AD3B87A606866FCCD" box="[971,1026,805,826]" pageId="13">Smith</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="269D537EFFD49B5AD47F7A60682BFCCD" box="[1036,1103,805,826]" pageId="13">Osborn</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="269D537EFFD49B5AD4297A6068CDFCCD" box="[1114,1193,805,826]" pageId="13">Martínez</collectorName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD2B17A056E89FCA2" box="[706,749,831,853]" italics="true" pageId="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., EC 41b, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D2BFFD49B5AD30F7A7A6871FCA2" box="[892,1045,831,853]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Castilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elastica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD30F7A7A6871FCA2" box="[892,1045,831,853]" italics="true" pageId="13">Castilla elastica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
branch (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED79AE6DFFD49B5AD4187A0568CDFCA2" box="[1131,1193,832,853]" pageId="13">PUCE</collectionCode>
|
||
-2,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCE9ED3FFD49B5AD29F7A1F6F22FC98" box="[748,838,858,879]" collectionCode="MSUC-" pageId="13">MSUC-4</specimenCode>
|
||
; DNA voucher SMS 203);
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C506FFFD49B5AD4087A1F6F6EFC7D" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="38.544" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" precision="1" value="-0.64239997">S00° 38.544′</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C506FFFD49B5AD3617A306FF3FC7D" box="[786,919,884,906]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="08.902" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" precision="1" value="-79.14837">W79° 08.902′</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B4DFFD49B5AD3D57A306F82FC7D" box="[934,998,885,906]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.31" pageId="13" unit="m" value="731.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0045D19BFFD49B5AD3D57A306F82FC7D" box="[934,998,885,906]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.31" pageId="13" unit="m" value="731.0">731 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, EC 47, ex. unidentified
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B4DFFD49B5AD28C7ACA6F51FC53" box="[767,821,911,932]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
diameter branch (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCE9ED3FFD49B5AD3837ACA682EFC53" box="[1008,1098,911,932]" collectionCode="MSUC-" pageId="13">MSUC-1</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCE9ED3FFD49B5AD42A7ACA68C1FC53" box="[1113,1189,911,932]" collectionCode="MKC-" pageId="13">MKC-1</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCE9ED3FFD49B5AD2B17AEF6F71FC48" box="[706,789,938,959]" collectionCode="PUCE-" pageId="13">PUCE-1</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B003CF5FFD49B5AD35E7AEF684DFC2E" collectingDate="2012-10-05" collectionCode="PUCE" collectorName="A. Perez" country="Ecuador" elevation="600" latitude="-1.32251" location="Oglan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.68808" pageId="13" specimenCode="PUCE-1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pastaza" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD35E7AEF6F12FC48" box="[813,886,938,959]" italics="true" pageId="13">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF84AFFD49B5AD35E7AEF6F12FC48" box="[813,886,938,959]" country="Ecuador" name="Pastaza" pageId="13">Pastaza</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EB76073FFD49B5AD3F97AEF6FA1FC48" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187BEFFD29B45D3627DE16DDDFE31:8EB76073FFD49B5AD3F97AEF6FA1FC48" box="[906,965,938,959]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-1.32251" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.68808" name="Oglan" pageId="13" stateProvince="Pastaza">Oglán</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C506FFFD49B5AD3A47AEC6856FC48" box="[983,1074,937,959]" degrees="1.32251" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" precision="1" value="-1.32251">−1.32251</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C506FFFD49B5AD4307AEF68C2FC48" box="[1091,1190,938,959]" degrees="77.68808" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" precision="1" value="-77.68808">-77.68808</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B4DFFD49B5AD2B17A816F66FC2E" box="[706,770,964,985]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" unit="m" value="600.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0045D19BFFD49B5AD2B17A816F66FC2E" box="[706,770,964,985]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD61068FFD49B5AD37F7A816F01FC2E" box="[780,869,964,985]" pageId="13" value="2012-10-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF92E980FFD49B5AD37F7A816F01FC2E" box="[780,869,964,985]" pageId="13" value="2012-10-05">5.X.2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="269D537EFFD49B5AD3037A816FA6FC2E" box="[880,962,964,985]" pageId="13">A. Pérez</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCE9ED3FFD49B5AD3BC7A816847FC2E" box="[975,1059,964,985]" collectionCode="PUCE-" pageId="13">PUCE-1</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726523FFD49B5AD2A87A9A6F13FB14" pageId="13" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFD49B5AD2A87A9A6F13FB14" blockId="13.[706,1194,619,1729]" pageId="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD2A87A9A6F26FC03" bold="true" box="[731,834,991,1012]" pageId="13">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is diagnosed by the absence of a frontal fovea in both sexes, the presence of two strongly developed oblique carinae just above the epistoma, the area between the carinae and mandibles impunctate, the male frons bearing a narrow, median, heart-shaped, punctate tumescence that is 2.5 times as long as wide along the midline, the female frons bearing an impunctate median line, the impressed scutellum, and the size greater than
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B4DFFD49B5AD34B7D8B6F16FB14" box="[824,882,1230,1251]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726523FFD49B46D2A97DAC6E3AFC98" lastPageId="17" pageId="13" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFD49B59D2A97DAC68F7F936" blockId="13.[706,1194,619,1729]" lastBlockId="14.[685,1172,1257,1730]" lastPageId="14" pageId="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD2A97DAC6FFEFB09" bold="true" box="[730,922,1257,1278]" pageId="13">Description. Male.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B4DFFD49B5AD3DF7DAC6865FB09" box="[940,1025,1257,1278]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="13" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, 3.0 mm wide, 2.83 times longer than wide (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD4557C466856FAEF" box="[1062,1074,1283,1304]" italics="true" pageId="13">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1). Body dark red-black, head darker than body, usually black. Antenna red-brown.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD49B5AD3B87C7D686CFABA" bold="true" box="[971,1032,1336,1357]" pageId="13">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
Triangular from apex of rostrum to upper level of eyes. Rostrum nearly parallel-sided, twice as wide as long, flat, minutely reticulate, shiny, almost glabrous; apical half of rostrum with punctures smaller, shallow, somewhat uniformly distributed, spaced 0.5– 2.0 diameters of a puncture; apex of rostrum bearing a weakly elevated and weakly emarginate process above mandibular base and 4 large punctures along apical margin; apex with a pair of faint oblique carinae, carinae arising from emarginate process and extended dorsally toward median line, each carina with a large median puncture just behind the dorsal margin, puncture 3 times size of surrounding punctures, deeper, bearing 2 long, erect, pointed, hair-like setae, twice length of other rostral setae; median area between carinae impunctate; apical fifth of rostrum with 2 large punctures originating at level of midpoint of each mandible, puncture 3 times size of surrounding punctures, each puncture bearing a single erect, hair-like seta; basal half of rostrum with punctures larger, irregularly distributed, spaced 0.5–6.0 times diameter of a puncture, punctures twice as deep as those on apical half. Frons minutely reticulate, shiny, almost glabrous, a single setae on each lateral margin; irregularly punctate, punctures spaced 0.5–9.0 diameters of a puncture; median fovea absent; median frontal tumescence cordate, resembling a narrow heart, 2.5 times as long as wide along midline, distinctly elevated. Eyes shallowly sinuate; dorsal margin at midpoint of frons, narrowly separated at gular suture (exact separation slightly variable in females, likely variable in males). Point of antennal insertion at midpoint between mandibular base and upper level of eye. Antennal scape long, narrow, clavate, equal to length of funicle; funicle 7-segmented; club ovoid, basal third shagreened, setose, 3 moderately procurved sutures, each suture demarcated by a row of setae, sutures less prominent on posterior face. Vertex shagreened, minutely, sparsely punctate, punctures spaced 3–9 diameters of a puncture; never transversely strigate.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD79B59D3C67C9D6845FA1A" bold="true" box="[949,1057,1496,1517]" pageId="14">Pronotum:</emphasis>
|
||
As long as wide, resembling an hourglass, widest at basal fifth, sides projecting distally at an oblique angle from basal margin to widest point, sides deeply emarginate from just anterior to basal fifth for reception of profemur, sides subparallel from apical half to fifth and narrowly constricted on apical fifth; anterior margin weakly emarginate; surface shiny, densely, deeply punctulate, punctures spaced by 1–3 diameters of a
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF176620FFD79B59D0DC7D3C6F00FB53" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107094" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10107094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10107094/files/figure.png" pageId="14" startId="14.[175,214,1145,1164]" targetBox="[151,1171,183,1121]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFD79B59D0DC7D3C68F1FB7B" blockId="14.[151,1173,1144,1188]" box="[175,1173,1144,1164]" pageId="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD79B59D0DC7D3C6D78FB7B" bold="true" box="[175,284,1144,1164]" pageId="14">Figs. 43–50.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D2BFFD79B59D1427D3D6DDAFB7C" authorityName="Smith & Cognato" authorityYear="1869" box="[305,446,1144,1163]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Coptonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uteq">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD79B59D1427D3D6DDAFB7C" box="[305,446,1144,1163]" italics="true" pageId="14">Coptonotus uteq</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Male habitus:
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD79B59D23B7D3C6E00FB7B" bold="true" box="[584,612,1145,1164]" pageId="14">43)</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD79B59D2917D3C6E9AFB7B" bold="true" box="[738,766,1145,1164]" pageId="14">44)</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD79B59D30D7D3C6FFEFB7B" bold="true" box="[894,922,1145,1164]" pageId="14">45)</emphasis>
|
||
Frontal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD79B59D46F7D3C685CFB7B" bold="true" box="[1052,1080,1145,1164]" pageId="14">46)</emphasis>
|
||
Declivity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFD79B59D0E47DD46F00FB53" blockId="14.[151,1173,1144,1188]" box="[151,868,1169,1188]" pageId="14">
|
||
Female habitus:
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD79B59D1577DD46D24FB53" bold="true" box="[292,320,1169,1188]" pageId="14">47)</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD79B59D1C97DD46DB2FB53" bold="true" box="[442,470,1169,1188]" pageId="14">48)</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD79B59D2217DD46E0BFB53" bold="true" box="[594,623,1169,1188]" pageId="14">49)</emphasis>
|
||
Frontal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD79B59D29E7DD46F6DFB53" bold="true" box="[749,777,1169,1188]" pageId="14">50)</emphasis>
|
||
Declivity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF176620FFD69B58D0B67DCA68CDFB55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107096" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10107096" box="[197,1193,1167,1186]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10107096/files/figure.png" pageId="15" startId="15.[197,236,1167,1186]" targetBox="[173,1193,183,1143]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFD69B58D0B67DCA68CDFB55" blockId="15.[173,1193,1167,1210]" box="[197,1193,1167,1186]" pageId="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD69B58D0B67DCA6D56FB55" bold="true" box="[197,306,1167,1186]" pageId="15">Figs. 51–54.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D2BFFD69B58D13B7DCA6DB2FB56" authorityName="Smith & Cognato" authorityYear="1869" box="[328,470,1167,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Coptonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uteq">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD69B58D13B7DCA6DB2FB56" box="[328,470,1167,1186]" italics="true" pageId="15">Coptonotus uteq</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, larva.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD69B58D26F7DCA6E5CFB55" bold="true" box="[540,568,1167,1186]" pageId="15">51)</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus, lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD69B58D3767DCA6F45FB55" bold="true" box="[773,801,1167,1186]" pageId="15">52)</emphasis>
|
||
Head, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD69B58D3AB7DCA6F90FB55" bold="true" box="[984,1012,1167,1186]" pageId="15">53)</emphasis>
|
||
Head, ventral view;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFD69B58D0DE7DE26DA3FB4D" blockId="15.[173,1193,1167,1210]" box="[173,455,1191,1210]" pageId="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD69B58D0DE7DE26CADFB4D" bold="true" box="[173,201,1191,1210]" pageId="15">54)</emphasis>
|
||
Segment AVIII, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFD69B47D0DE7C46680AFEFB" blockId="15.[173,660,1283,1729]" lastBlockId="16.[685,1172,194,587]" lastPageId="16" pageId="15">
|
||
puncture, glabrous; lateral margins carinate; basal margin transverse, weakly carinate. Prosternal process with sternellum circular, margins strongly arcuate and carinate, median area moderately depressed, resembling a cupule; poststernellal suture strongly depressed, dividing the poststernellum into 2 halves, posterior quarter of suture emarginate; halves not inflated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A2DFFD69B58D08C7CF86D52FA25" box="[255,310,1469,1490]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[175,214,1731,1750]" captionTargetBox="[154,1172,191,1683]" captionTargetId="figure-1@6.[154,1174,191,1720]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 2–6. Coptonotus species, morphological characteristics. 2–5) Prosternal process: 2) C. cyclopus;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10107080/files/figure.png" pageId="15">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD69B58D1347CF86D19FA25" bold="true" box="[327,381,1469,1490]" pageId="15">Legs:</emphasis>
|
||
Procoxae narrowly separated. Protibia as described for genus with outer margin with a large premucro at apical third and 2 smaller teeth along basal margin. Mesotibia and metatibia as described for genus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFD69B58D1ED7F626D81F9CB" bold="true" box="[414,485,1575,1596]" pageId="15">Elytra:</emphasis>
|
||
1.7 times longer than wide. Base transverse, carinate. Scutellum lanceolate, short, narrow; depressed below level of elytra. Sides tumid on basal third, straight on median third, narrowed on apical third; apex entire. Elytra with strial and interstrial width equal; first interstria and stria impressed from scutellum to declivity, impression gradually becoming deeper apically. Discal interstriae impressed from basal fifth to declivity, impression gradually becoming deeper apically; discal interstriae granulate punctate, punctures alternating with granules, each puncture bearing a short, erect seta, granules becoming tubercles apically; discal stria 1 deeply punctate, punctures large, medially constricted, resembling an hourglass, becoming deeper and coarser near declivital base, punctures shagreened; interstria 2 with a large spine at discal apex. Declivity steep, flattened, occupying apical 2/5 of elytra, interstria 4 tuberculate-carinate, forming a carina from basal third, converging with interstria 7 and continuing to apex; declivital interstriae densely covered with recumbent, scale-like setae, completely obscuring interstrial surface; striae bearing a uniseriate row of short erect setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC99B47D12579986D97FF05" bold="true" box="[342,499,221,242]" pageId="16">Proventriculus:</emphasis>
|
||
Apical plate occupying 2/5 length, strongly sclerotized; median longitudinal suture open, its margins parallel, dark and lined with a row of sutural teeth, fine, parallel marginal bristles present along the entire apical plate; posterior plate occupying 3/5 length; masticatory teeth fine, weakly sclerotized; masticatory brush long, fine, heavily sclerotized; closing teeth short, 1/3 as long as posterior plate; femoral teeth absent. Crop very closely covered with long pubescence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A2DFFC99B47D0AA78A36D77FE0C" box="[217,275,486,507]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[175,214,1731,1750]" captionTargetBox="[154,1172,191,1683]" captionTargetId="figure-1@6.[154,1174,191,1720]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 2–6. Coptonotus species, morphological characteristics. 2–5) Prosternal process: 2) C. cyclopus;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10107080/files/figure.png" pageId="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC99B47D15078A36DFEFE0C" bold="true" box="[291,410,486,507]" pageId="16">Terminalia:</emphasis>
|
||
Aedeagus arcuate, apex broadly curved, median lobe broad with lightly sclerotized central area, lateral margins heavily sclerotized, narrow. Internal sac central area mem- branous; median orifice moderately sclerotized. Apodemes narrow, slightly less than 1/4 body length. Tegmen with a short, rounded apodeme.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFC99B47D2B678576FC0FDBC" blockId="16.[685,1172,194,587]" pageId="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC99B47D2B678576F70FED0" bold="true" box="[709,788,274,295]" pageId="16">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B4DFFC99B47D35278576FF0FED0" box="[801,916,273,295]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="9.2" metricValueMin="8.8" pageId="16" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="9.2" valueMin="8.8">8.8–9.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, 3.0 mm wide, 2.93– 3.06 times longer than wide (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC99B47D39378696F88FEB6" box="[992,1004,300,321]" italics="true" pageId="16">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 8); pronotum 1.0–1.2 times longer than wide; elytra 1.6– 1.9 times longer than wide. Similar to male except frons without a tumescence, vertex finely shagreened, finely, moderately punctate, punctures spaced 2–3 diameters of a puncture, elytral striae with punctures half the size of those of males, elytral disc with interstria 1 shallowly impressed, elytral declivity convex, each interstriae ornamented with 2–3 rows of smaller spatulate setae, base of elytral declivity unarmed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF176620FFC99B47D0DC7FD368F0F95E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107098" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10107098" box="[175,1172,1686,1705]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10107098/files/figure.png" pageId="16" startId="16.[175,214,1686,1705]" targetBox="[151,1171,651,1663]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFC99B47D0DC7FD368F0F95E" blockId="16.[151,1172,1686,1729]" box="[175,1172,1686,1705]" pageId="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC99B47D0DC7FD36D78F95E" bold="true" box="[175,284,1686,1705]" pageId="16">Figs. 55–58.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D2BFFC99B47D1427FD36DDBF95F" authorityName="Smith & Cognato" authorityYear="1869" box="[305,447,1686,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Coptonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uteq">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC99B47D1427FD36DDBF95F" box="[305,447,1686,1705]" italics="true" pageId="16">Coptonotus uteq</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
entrance tunnels.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC99B47D2137FD36E18F95E" bold="true" box="[608,636,1686,1705]" pageId="16">55)</emphasis>
|
||
Initiation without latex;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC99B47D3247FD36F17F95E" bold="true" box="[855,883,1686,1705]" pageId="16">56)</emphasis>
|
||
Initiation with heavy latex flow;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFC99B47D0E47FEB6FFFF936" blockId="16.[151,1172,1686,1729]" box="[151,923,1710,1729]" pageId="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC99B47D0E47FEB6CD0F936" bold="true" box="[151,180,1710,1729]" pageId="16">57)</emphasis>
|
||
Encircled by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D2BFFC99B47D15F7FEB6DE3F936" authorityName="Le Conte" authorityYear="1876" box="[300,391,1710,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xyleborini">Xyleborini</taxonomicName>
|
||
galleries;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC99B47D1937FEB6D98F936" bold="true" box="[480,508,1710,1729]" pageId="16">58)</emphasis>
|
||
Showing the 45° tunnel angle and adult female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFC89B46D0B679876E0AFCA2" blockId="17.[173,660,194,1729]" pageId="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC89B46D0B679876D6DFF20" bold="true" box="[197,265,194,215]" pageId="17">Larva.</emphasis>
|
||
Seven larvae were collected from parental galleries. One larva was used in a DNA extraction (SMS 202) to confirm identity with the adult (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A2DFFC89B46D0C778576C88FED0" box="[180,236,274,295]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[198,229,1190,1209]" captionTargetBox="[182,1181,181,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-201@5.[174,1193,169,1167]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. One parsimonious tree found in an exhaustive search of 135,135 trees based on the combined analysis of morphological and molecular characters. Numbers above branches indicate unambiguous morphological character state changes (character number: state number - state number). See Table 1 for character and state details. Numbers below branches are bootstrap values." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10107078/files/figure.png" pageId="17">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The following description (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A2DFFC89B46D27778576E11FED0" box="[516,629,273,295]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="15.[197,236,1167,1186]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,183,1143]" captionTargetId="figure-236@15.[173,1193,183,1144]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs. 51–54. Coptonotus uteq, larva. 51) Habitus, lateral view; 52) Head, dorsal view; 53) Head, ventral view;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10107096/files/figure.png" pageId="17">Figs. 51–54</figureCitation>
|
||
) is based on the six remaining larvae. Length 6.0 mm, head capsule width
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B4DFFC89B46D11578026DD5FEAB" box="[358,433,327,348]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="17" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Head exposed. Labrum prominent, dorsal area twice as wide as long, about a quarter narrower than clypeus. Clypeus twice as wide as long, apical margin strongly medially emarginated. Labium twice as wide as long, appearing somewhat diamond-shaped; epipharynx and maxilla with simple setae; antenna 1-segmented; 5 pairs of frontal setae, endocarina present on frons; stemmata absent; epicranial seta 3 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC89B46D27C7B5E6E4AFDC6" box="[527,558,539,561]" italics="true" pageId="17">des</emphasis>
|
||
3) on epicranium; margin of occipital foramen thickened. Abdomen not expanded by subdived pleural areas; epipleuron with paired sclerotized spines below spiracle and single sclerotized spine above T2–T3 and AI–AVII. AVIII paired sclerotized spines below spiracle, dorsum with 3 pairs of sclerotized spines, alternating from small to large from medial to laterad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A2DFFC89B46D16D7BB56D0FFCF2" box="[286,363,752,773]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="15.[197,236,1167,1186]" captionTargetBox="[173,1193,183,1143]" captionTargetId="figure-236@15.[173,1193,183,1144]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs. 51–54. Coptonotus uteq, larva. 51) Habitus, lateral view; 52) Head, dorsal view; 53) Head, ventral view;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10107096/files/figure.png" pageId="17">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
); AVIII spiracle lateral; AIX with a sclerotized dorsal plate, 3 pairs of larger sclerotized spines, 2 medial and 1 pair along posterior margin, and bearing 7 pairs of dorsal setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF176620FFC89B46D2A87BD46850FD53" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107100" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10107100" box="[731,1076,657,676]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10107100/files/figure.png" pageId="17" startId="17.[731,762,657,676]" targetBox="[707,1193,192,634]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFC89B46D2A87BD46850FD53" blockId="17.[731,1076,657,676]" box="[731,1076,657,676]" pageId="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC89B46D2A87BD46F7AFD53" bold="true" box="[731,798,657,676]" pageId="17">Fig. 59.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D2BFFC89B46D3407BD46FDBFD53" authorityName="Smith & Cognato" authorityYear="1869" box="[819,959,657,676]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Coptonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uteq">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC89B46D3407BD46FDBFD53" box="[819,959,657,676]" italics="true" pageId="17">Coptonotus uteq</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larval mines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFC89B46D0B67A1F6E3AFC98" blockId="17.[173,660,194,1729]" box="[197,606,858,879]" pageId="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC89B46D0B67A1F6DC7FC98" bold="true" box="[197,419,858,879]" pageId="17">Specimens Examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Eleven specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726523FFC89B46D0B67A306E0DFC7D" box="[197,617,885,906]" pageId="17" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFC89B46D0B67A306E0DFC7D" blockId="17.[173,660,194,1729]" box="[197,617,885,906]" pageId="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC89B46D0B67A306D22FC7D" bold="true" box="[197,326,885,906]" pageId="17">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7638FFC89B46D1217A306DC5FC7D" box="[338,417,885,906]" name="Ecuador" pageId="17">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF84AFFC89B46D1DC7A306E6CFC7D" box="[431,520,885,906]" country="Ecuador" name="Los Rios" pageId="17">Los Ríos</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF84AFFC89B46D2607A306E3AFC7D" box="[531,606,885,906]" country="Ecuador" name="Pastaza" pageId="17">Pastaza</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726523FFC89B45D0B67ACA6E71FED0" lastPageId="18" pageId="17" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFC89B46D0B67ACA6DC1F985" blockId="17.[173,660,194,1729]" pageId="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC89B46D0B67ACA6D72FC53" bold="true" box="[197,278,911,932]" pageId="17">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D2BFFC89B46D1517ACA6DA0FC52" authorityName="Smith & Cognato" authorityYear="1869" box="[290,452,911,933]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Coptonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uteq">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC89B46D1517ACA6DA0FC52" box="[290,452,911,933]" italics="true" pageId="17">Coptonotus uteq</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected twice during the course of our fieldwork. The first collection was comprised of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD21FFC89B46D1D47A816E71FC2E" box="[423,533,964,985]" pageId="17" type="adult">eight adults</specimenCount>
|
||
colonizing a freshly fallen, recently dead 35-cm diameter branch of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D2BFFC89B46D0B47ABC6EF7FBF8" authority="Sesse ex Cerv." authorityName="Cerv." box="[199,659,1017,1039]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Castilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elastica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC89B46D0B47ABC6D04FBF8" box="[199,352,1017,1039]" italics="true" pageId="17">Castilla elastica</emphasis>
|
||
Sesse ex Cerv. (Euphorbiaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
locally referred to as “
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC89B46D1FC7D566E79FBDE" box="[399,541,1043,1065]" italics="true" pageId="17">Caucho nativo</emphasis>
|
||
” or “native rubber tree”. The branch had bark more than
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B4DFFC89B46D0DE7D0C6C95FBA9" box="[173,241,1097,1118]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="17" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick. Females initiated the galleries and an entrance tunnel (
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B4DFFC89B46D13D7D216DFBFB8E" box="[334,415,1123,1145]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="17" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter) was excavated at a 45° angle, boring through the bark to the cambium. Galleries were constructed on the lateral and ventral sides of the fallen branch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A2DFFC89B46D27C7DF16EECFB3E" box="[527,648,1203,1225]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="16.[175,214,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,651,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-225@16.[151,1171,651,1663]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs. 55–58. Coptonotus uteq entrance tunnels. 55) Initiation without latex; 56) Initiation with heavy latex flow;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10107098/files/figure.png" pageId="17">Figs. 55–58</figureCitation>
|
||
). Heavy latex flow was observed around the galleries, and the many colonizing beetles were heavily coated, but we did not observe individuals that were killed or ‘pitched out’ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A2DFFC89B46D1BB7C5B6E74FAC4" box="[456,528,1310,1331]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="16.[175,214,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[151,1171,651,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-225@16.[151,1171,651,1663]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs. 55–58. Coptonotus uteq entrance tunnels. 55) Initiation without latex; 56) Initiation with heavy latex flow;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10107098/files/figure.png" pageId="17">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
|
||
). Early instar mines radiated away from the maternal gallery and were located entirely within the phloem (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A2DFFC89B46D24C7C166EEDFA9F" box="[575,649,1363,1384]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[731,762,657,676]" captionTargetBox="[707,1193,192,634]" captionTargetId="figure-499@17.[707,1193,192,634]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 59. Coptonotus uteq larval mines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10107100/files/figure.png" pageId="17">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D2BFFC89B46D0DE7C286D29FA74" authorityName="Smith & Cognato" authorityYear="1869" box="[173,333,1389,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Coptonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uteq">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC89B46D0DE7C286D29FA74" box="[173,333,1389,1411]" italics="true" pageId="17">Coptonotus uteq</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
entrance tunnels were encircled by entrance tunnels of xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Scolytinae) that could not be collected because they had bored too deep within the xylem to be extracted with a knife and pruning saw. Overall,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D2BFFC89B46D0DE7CB76D7DF9FF" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1869" box="[173,281,1522,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Coptonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC89B46D0DE7CB76D7DF9FF" box="[173,281,1522,1544]" italics="true" pageId="17">Coptonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
galleries and behavior are very similar to those reported for cossonines, including irregular tunnels into wood or phloem, a 45° angle entrance tunnel, and monogamy (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B59FFC89B46D1E37F076E71F9A0" author="Kuschel" box="[400,533,1602,1623]" pageId="17" pagination="3 - 29" refId="ref11680" refString="Kuschel, G. 1966. A cossonine genus with bark-beetle habits with remarks on relationships and biogeography. New Zealand Journal of Science 9: 3 - 29." type="journal article" year="1966">Kuschel 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B59FFC89B46D26C7F076E34F9A0" author="Kuschel" box="[543,592,1602,1623]" pageId="17" pagination="5 - 33" refId="ref11710" refString="Kuschel, G. 1995. A phylogenetic classification of Curculionoidea to families and subfamilies. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 14: 5 - 33." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B59FFC89B46D2287F076D70F985" author="Jordal" pageId="17" pagination="708 - 724" refId="ref11596" refString="Jordal, B. H., A. S. Sequeira, and A. I. Cognato. 2011. The age and phylogeny of wood boring weevils and the origin of subsociality. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59: 708 - 724." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Jordal
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC89B46D0DE7F186CB2F985" box="[173,214,1628,1650]" italics="true" pageId="17">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B59FFC89B46D16D7F186DFEF985" author="Jordal & Cossoninae & In & Handbook of Zoology" box="[286,410,1629,1650]" pageId="17" pagination="345 - 349" refId="ref11404" refString="Jordal, B. H. 2014 a. Cossoninae [pp. 345 - 349]. In: Handbook of Zoology, Band IV Arthropoda: Insecta. Part 38: Coleoptera, Beetles, Vol. 3 (R. A. B. Leschen, and R. Beutel, editors). deGruyter Press, Berlin, Germany." type="journal article" year="2014">Jordal 2014a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFC89B45D0B67F326E71FED0" blockId="17.[173,660,194,1729]" lastBlockId="18.[151,638,194,454]" lastPageId="18" pageId="17">
|
||
The second collection consisted of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD21FFC89B46D2587F326CBBF950" pageId="17" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
that were found emerging from the ends of galleries within an unidentifiable 3.5-cm diameter branch that was broken as part of a large tree fall. The shape of the galleries indicated that the larvae fed on the phloem and increasingly etched the sapwood the further they radiated from the maternal gallery and terminated in pupation chambers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A2DFFCB9B45D0A179986D44FF05" box="[210,288,221,242]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[731,762,1710,1729]" captionTargetBox="[786,1130,869,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-507@17.[707,1193,869,1687]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 60. Coptonotus uteq pupation chambers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10107102/files/figure.png" pageId="18">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
|
||
). The larval tunnels were densely filled with long, coarse frass, similar in consistency to that produced by platypodines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF176620FFC89B46D2A87FEB6809F936" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10107102" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10107102" box="[731,1133,1709,1729]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10107102/files/figure.png" pageId="17" startId="17.[731,762,1710,1729]" targetBox="[786,1130,869,1687]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFC89B46D2A87FEB6809F936" blockId="17.[731,1133,1709,1729]" box="[731,1133,1709,1729]" pageId="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC89B46D2A87FEB6F7AF936" bold="true" box="[731,798,1710,1729]" pageId="17">Fig. 60.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D2BFFC89B46D3407FE86FDBF937" authorityName="Smith & Cognato" authorityYear="1869" box="[819,959,1709,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Coptonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uteq">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFC89B46D3407FE86FDBF937" box="[819,959,1709,1728]" italics="true" pageId="17">Coptonotus uteq</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pupation chambers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726523FFCB9B45D0DC78696DDDFE31" pageId="18" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736A8FFCB9B45D0DC78696DDDFE31" blockId="18.[151,638,194,454]" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEABAFFCB9B45D0DC78696D46FEB6" bold="true" box="[175,290,300,321]" pageId="18">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
UTEQ is an acronym of Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo. Uteq is pronounced “oo-tek”. It honors the students, faculty, and administrators of the university for their willingness and assistance in the discovery of wood-boring weevil diversity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |