506 lines
53 KiB
XML
506 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="8191" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad622eec-c0b0-459c-a58c-696100f853f1" ID-PMC="PMC7892535" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1016-77" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D7F1A3CBC5AC592DADE3787D4EC62BF9" ID-PubMed="33628080" ID-ZooBank="A462DE7344284857973CBCFD17294D15" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1016-77" checkinTime="1613177951169" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Goutte, Sandra, Reyes-Velasco *, Jacobo, Freilich, Xenia, Kassie, Abeje & Boissinot, Stephane" docDate="2021" docId="F94186280C5155C0B4CA4F978B36CC5E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1016: 77-141" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1016" docPubDate="2021-02-11" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699" docTitle="Ptychadena neumanni" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="D7F1A3CBC5AC592DADE3787D4EC62BF9" lastPageNumber="77" masterDocId="D7F1A3CBC5AC592DADE3787D4EC62BF9" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of grass frogs (Ptychadenidae, Ptychadena) endemic to the Ethiopian highlands" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="77" pageNumber="77" updateTime="1732747044819" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="74AF4AC92830432A6D2183ED69F131EE">
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<mods:title id="291B620A4FE77EE10CAE77D2A22B85D6">Taxonomic revision of grass frogs (Ptychadenidae, Ptychadena) endemic to the Ethiopian highlands</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="62D0AE769E4ED21311AD8FB80D211AB2">Goutte, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A207A4E89A422B5F576869B3B5572CEA" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-3773</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="DE95C4EC6C95FA743F1E5E06556A1003">New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DA2ECC6A961B1A840178E7F9F9446E17" type="email">sg5533@nyu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="3AD0B49392D189AC1847D734B7155F8A">Reyes-Velasco *, Jacobo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EFB0E2686B0E13281F7833BCC8D436A9">New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="587A00E5B4DC9F92D4EDB7C09556C80A">Freilich, Xenia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="45465F78EBFBA4975B8D53E7F9B8F3C5">Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="235BB71E6BA2D0FCE72AAEDA580CC757" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="06A4C5C44B6988E497F435EE9B2478F7">Kassie, Abeje</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6331F2AB1624FA45DAB1962F5906EB95">Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia & Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="01B9B3FC60D0AA287A96FC9D259F73EB">Boissinot, Stephane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8A4573399AD705BF0DBDCE975BB731EE">New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C3632438C8023301174967EFC366C98E" type="email">stephane.boissinot@nyu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="9D835FBA2A10BB57537D22ABE5F3DFD5">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C0AD45A7C1A322E0C99FF2F399C66CBC">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C2247875C1C2A807F413A3A3F1BAB1B9">2021-02-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="05ACEDA4C74EB30708AAA7C2DF51E424">1016</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="33D63FA24FBB8149612124FA3A70DEFA">77</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="EED0357D15C21B4DAAC6AAEF9545A0C1">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="162FE73CDED69CD737639650AD3CE622">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B35B11306DF7AE56A72030846396176A" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4E8B84B32BBB9B902B429E50E221C555" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1016-77</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="098716AD8DFBBA8CB5B8160B67FCBB8E" type="ZooBank">A462DE7344284857973CBCFD17294D15</mods:identifier>
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<subSection id="07B43CC6C27C1B9C642101EDE18A2D1F" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="systematic accounts">
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<treatment id="F94186280C5155C0B4CA4F978B36CC5E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177383268" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F94186280C5155C0B4CA4F978B36CC5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F94186280C5155C0B4CA4F978B36CC5E" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" scope_family="Ptychadenidae">
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<subSubSection id="5E46438B4CB6D210B9FD292084F8B712" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="50EC4438E66A6969D7AD1E0C1F631F11" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName id="8BCFDD193F9DFE0CC48761ED4B8BE413" ID-CoL="4Q9R3" LSID="F9418628-0C51-55C0-B4CA-4F978B36CC5E" authority="(Ahl, 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena neumanni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumanni">Ptychadena neumanni (Ahl, 1924)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="14BD5FB350FA842668376AAE14570993" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="1F2E21B8E446714A39B3FA12A1EA970F" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName id="A4ABAAA7F39901C659F1E061C7F8AEC8" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rana neumanni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumanni">Rana neumanni</taxonomicName>
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Ahl, 1924: 4.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9BA4A26005DB60D857EFA7F275793707" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName id="F01850B78716DEF4FD3CF427325A1E37" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena neumanni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumanni">Ptychadena neumanni</taxonomicName>
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-
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<bibRefCitation id="B452D050B529D8582E9B39FB09AEB583" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" author="Perret, J-L" journalOrPublisher="Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" pagination="151 - 168" refId="B22" refString="Perret, J-L, 1980. Sur quelques Ptychadena (Amphibia Ranidae) d'Ethiopie. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento 13: 151 - 168, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" title="Sur quelques Ptychadena (Amphibia Ranidae) d'Ethiopie." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" volume="13" year="1980">Perret 1980</bibRefCitation>
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: 157.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AE6DE8EF194582B29297381D42331056" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName id="CA733A602CAA17A3E9EA053833E4F8FD" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rana (Ptychadena) neumanni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumanni" subGenus="Ptychadena">Rana (Ptychadena) neumanni</taxonomicName>
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-
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<bibRefCitation id="08B933A8DBD0A470F75259180762F418" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03749444.1981.10736637" author="Dubois, A" journalOrPublisher="Firenze" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" pagination="225 - 284" refId="B4" refString="Dubois, A, 1981. Liste des genres et sous-genres nominaux de Ranoidea (Amphibiens Anoures) du monde, avec identification de leurs especes types; consequences nomenclaturales. Monitore Zoologico Italiano. Nuova Serie, Supplemento. Firenze 15: 225 - 284, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03749444.1981.10736637" title="Liste des genres et sous-genres nominaux de Ranoidea (Amphibiens Anoures) du monde, avec identification de leurs especes types; consequences nomenclaturales. Monitore Zoologico Italiano. Nuova Serie, Supplemento." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03749444.1981.10736637" volume="15" year="1981">Dubois 1981</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 233.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="CE28A1A0330B72D8BF5B28A4DA626AAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
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||
<taxonomicName id="F482FDA4324BC18C860BF1B9FA787486" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena (Ptychadena) neumanni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumanni" subGenus="Ptychadena">Ptychadena (Ptychadena) neumanni</taxonomicName>
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-
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<bibRefCitation id="9060BFAB096BD78D83FF306090E7B9DD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.1992.11011" author="Dubois, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" pagination="305 - 352" refId="B5" refString="Dubois, A, 1992. Notes on the classification of Ranidae (Amphibia, Anura). Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon 61: 305 - 352, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.1992.11011" title="Notes on the classification of Ranidae (Amphibia, Anura)." url="https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.1992.11011" volume="61" year="1992">Dubois 1992</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 316.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="FD4DEC19C5269D1D2ACD3FD8EFA9C25C" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="lectotype by present designation">
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||
<paragraph id="D27DD8CDC702AA759A2220D48010E158" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Lectotype by present designation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9E182FF7E09040532E4DC92FD714EC2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
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One adult male (ZMB26879-1) collected on 2 February 1901 by Oscar Neumann in Gadat (Gofa), south Ethiopia. [Coordinates estimated by
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||
<bibRefCitation id="0D13AC511964464FEAE16A6678733ECC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2001.10531158" author="Largen, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" pagination="287 - 306" refId="B17" refString="Largen, MJ, 2001. The status of the genus Phrynobatrachus Guenther 1862 in Ethiopia and Eritrea, including description of a new species (Amphibia Anura Ranidae). Tropical Zoology 14: 287 - 306, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2001.10531158" title="The status of the genus Phrynobatrachus Guenther 1862 in Ethiopia and Eritrea, including description of a new species (Amphibia Anura Ranidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2001.10531158" volume="14" year="2001">Largen (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<geoCoordinate id="5F6041836E7A6B441919D6D449C8E73D" degrees="6.33" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="6.33">6.33°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="0BD65F046BA4AA4BA734BA95A3411712" degrees="36.83" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="36.83">36.83°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2000 m a.s.l., but see remarks below].
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<emphasis id="5607E737683A111B889173657B2E293E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
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||
<emphasis id="9B0338A670D752B7F8228F15CCF34554" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Paralectotypes</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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Two adult males (ZMB-57183 = ZMB26879-2 and ZMB-57184 = ZMB26879-3) collected by Oscar Neumann on the same date and location as the lectotype (ZMB26879-1).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A49027A75C63BA4BC5A1B857D1237CCE" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="26E0A602908239C700A4635D99A68C7C" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B9028527D1420E8A256942FF0AF5B5D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
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Except for the type series, all examined specimens are deposited at ZNHM. In addition to the type series, we examined one male (15-173) collected by X. Freilich, J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot on 9 August 2015 in Wondo Genet (
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||
<geoCoordinate id="4F619B08A27784978C15ADD25506F4E9" degrees="7.0833" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="7.0833">7.0833°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="009CEAC6F44AC1A03E635301D9411B14" degrees="38.6381" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="38.6381">38.6381°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1896 m a.s.l.), one female (15-181) and four males (15-183, 15-191, 15-208, 15-209) collected by X. Freilich, J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot on 12 August 2015 northwest of Bonga (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AC6B4F08656FACE419F30CB2C69651F5" degrees="7.3076" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="7.3076">7.3076°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
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<geoCoordinate id="CE0897F4FF4B448F303DF6C2C9EEC256" degrees="36.1226" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="36.1226">36.1226°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1861 m a.s.l.), one female (16-203) collected on 18 July 2016 by J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot southwest of Bonga (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7573D0164A31602D06184BD065C3CD92" degrees="7.2542" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="7.2542">7.2542°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D6060B6A3D04224C6186B648F306F213" degrees="36.2628" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="36.2628">36.2628°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1963 m a.s.l.), one female (16-302) and two males (16-303, 16-305) collected on 19 July 2016 by J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot north of Maji (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FB1966807EE4C923129DCFC60210B7D7" degrees="6.2365" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="6.2365">6.2365°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ECF1B8F65D5D9B9632EFFCAEE42E9DFB" degrees="35.5712" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.5712">35.5712°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1936 m a.s.l.), one female (16-326) and one male (16-313) collected on 20 July 2016 by J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot northeast of Machi (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E45ADDD7E7F14133AEEEE525D8B66786" degrees="6.3780" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="6.378">6.3780°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C7B37BA737E24D090D3307D312C4F2E5" degrees="35.6659" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.6659">35.6659°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2063 m a.s.l.), two males (16-327, 16-329) collected on 20 July 2016 by J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot northeast of Mizan Teferi (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="104DE52C099324614FAC46248F00FCE5" degrees="7.0203" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="7.0203">7.0203°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="635D03387301B3C87B03D4DF7B0ECD10" degrees="35.7545" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.7545">35.7545°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2449 m a.s.l.), two females (SB333, SB334) collected on 9 June 2018 by S. Goutte and J. Reyes-Velasco northwest of Gore (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9DE336FFB10595F7C8DBAF4CC290CEB0" degrees="8.2014" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="8.2014">8.2014°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CF4CCBC3BB746975C9AB864A2FCF86FD" degrees="35.3772" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.3772">35.3772°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1666 m a.s.l.), one male (SB388) collected on 11 June 2018 by S. Goutte and J. Reyes-Velasco south of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="19D23FACD3FBCD2AFC38473C0A86D5A1" originalValue="Gech’a">Gech'a</normalizedToken>
|
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(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A2AADDE58E5A130EC34B280970842E17" degrees="7.5544" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="7.5544">7.5544°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="02CD949ADCC5947E6987884839416DDC" degrees="35.4148" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.4148">35.4148°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1936 m a.s.l.), one female (SB405) collected on 13 June 2018 by S. Goutte and J. Reyes-Velasco south of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="966E4CEF694013A8C9BD9FB6E625671A" originalValue="Gech’a">Gech'a</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="59962ADE2FF9EFE2A649E441B4846ED2" degrees="7.5185" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="7.5185">7.5185°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A7488B5C4BF949C7872FF8B764706889" degrees="35.4163" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.4163">35.4163°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1917 m a.s.l.), one female (SB462) collected on 20 June 2018 by S. Goutte and J. Reyes-Velasco northeast of Shebe (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D2C8326510B71D038E94E3CAA0AE6051" degrees="7.5423" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="7.5423">7.5423°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FFECA03AF564DC9896721775E3FE9E20" degrees="36.5732" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="36.5732">36.5732°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2240 m a.s.l.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5FC70E1AF7AFDAD43178E560CB1608A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="B6F668C2836D96F8D44471BC65EDD140" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="525FDD9E28907280343284D28E48A9F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Medium-sized species (male (20) SVL 35.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="83D9BA0CEBFA4A500DB4EB38624A3CB8" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2 mm, female (8) SVL 45.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A97FBF4632D0DD0F2EE9EA402EABF32A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.4 mm) of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="23970684D4F8978CDB3D5C92C78CA00E" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena neumanni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="D0F0A1DC087FE8237BBD2A0ED66CE076" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B15667DF6C2765EBB192FBEE6C2C0C74" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Ptychadena neumanni A Live male (SB 393; left) and female (SB 388, right) B dorsal and ventral views of a male (SB 333, left) and a female (SB 388, right) after euthanasia and before fixation." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/508439" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">23</figureCitation>
|
||
) distinguished by the following combination of characters: (1) long hind limbs (male TL/SVL 0.58
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A15679F61BE03899F307B9862698783F" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.02, female TL/SVL 0.57
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7712D95D971BE9489A36A15E50811627" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.01), (2) vertical cream bar on the tympanum, (3) vocal sacs uniformly dark grey.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="5CC8A58E2D1C5845AAF77F092D59A936" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/508439" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" start="Figure 23" startId="F23">
|
||
<paragraph id="007A4DAFD4B43185A1B95AA095759141" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="9DBE40829A101A30945E519BC4345DC4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Figure 23.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E0053F0C8F4EFB8467B4186E209B822" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena neumanni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="11749378D69B94E9D4B14763C02A6B65" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="BDCB65EE53FF6AE961F8F14E74F90734" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">A</emphasis>
|
||
Live male (SB393; left) and female (SB388, right)
|
||
<emphasis id="3679E5C7BC80197C829EA22FBBDC0381" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">B</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal and ventral views of a male (SB333, left) and a female (SB388, right) after euthanasia and before fixation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="19D2C6FA3D7B677827281E9B23F0CCC4" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph id="868FBF1F16458133D2487D84AC61C95B" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Comparison.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B4D488FC45A37BE10D187D342C995A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="602D4C76D35C4B00157F7C543F7AD667" lsidName="P. cooperi" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="cooperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7AA90AAB4ADC3B5B3394FDDE28FEED99" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. cooperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46E85D264D03FCF234EB031E21D8B28F" lsidName="P. goweri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="goweri">
|
||
<emphasis id="367810D12147E0EC58FE849C7620B989" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. goweri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90292DC125ED01C456CAE096664BE77A" lsidName="P. nana" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="nana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6A445F928BF43B3637D509ABEB0F5CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. nana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC731BCD327F25E95CE855922C2B99E2" lsidName="P. robeensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="robeensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF76DD35D9046EF254819EA22E01C3BB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. robeensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Head wider than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16990FA65A4717F13290EECCF3436EBB" lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="646E81B53496588A2F1E8380796A63F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0B0AB8B9B4417A1B6A05A895135D1EB" lsidName="P. levenorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="levenorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D0FD1691EDBA6ED239DE9E69136987F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. levenorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but narrower than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A1FFC7A6D6203A0C16995B48FFDF2205" lsidName="P. beka" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="beka">
|
||
<emphasis id="12302391347D1B72918F486797C5E868" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. beka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., Head and snout longer than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55F2BB1AE379C2B01AAF5768C4B64101" lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1666EF9ADB1BB3B8D1CC0C2F0AEA0CD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C0DF206721D118DE2E105D3B12F09F8" lsidName="P. levenorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="levenorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7001445512F68B067257D66CB4E2CFD4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. levenorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Wider inter-orbital distance than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48DD50962E50A63F9506B7A93C1D2BDE" lsidName="P. doro" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="doro">
|
||
<emphasis id="B415E83DFBB70986FBD38E693ECDFCE1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. doro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37EBE307B20FB81A7BE1BEE7B414E939" lsidName="P. beka" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="beka">
|
||
<emphasis id="B621B9234F2C4E2A2FAF473AFCADC288" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. beka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9EAD5AB7BE4DE345173072178ACD3CE1" lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBA7D1EDF60D4F3076BD94779B13E04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6077D82A3D386ACF9CC54CF2F983E3B2" lsidName="P. levenorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="levenorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B405CB2AD2E3F4E68BD3447A01CC3B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. levenorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="036F82178D7E8FCE6A90AE117E5BCB4F" lsidName="P. amharensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="amharensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="94900A99554889EDEF5DF9AFB46B5889" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. amharensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Wider inter-nares distance and longer eye-nostril distance than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6680697096887D75E9B6B194B2C265D3" lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAB79891263337A607DB941589707099" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58473A6D25C24A3462A1A8CBFACF6292" lsidName="P. levenorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="levenorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="12A179205F4FF148DB704BA06D7A7280" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. levenorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Tympanum larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8F0B3A9714DB8DC94212AEE18DA84BCF" lsidName="P. doro" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="doro">
|
||
<emphasis id="8ACE2E6618D51A758CD1D76F50747FE6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. doro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81AB13D1B9060C644F35DA8956E28979" lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="C00225DE54DCDB8045FEEC03A30602F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A192EC601B3DF6B852B18CA230E248E2" lsidName="P. levenorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="levenorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F8412EB9582044971846AC6EBC80DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. levenorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Larger hands than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75A74BF879843F1CAEBA5BE6F841C979" lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F148BF2731E0BFDA630B5EF27213136" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16414DC7912983A068231D91F82C8E89" lsidName="P. levenorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="levenorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="72149E80C1E46225B01A9EF1B3E7DA9A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. levenorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Longer thighs and feet than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8A199F7A32060D2B20718B0D2FC8F5ED" lsidName="P. erlangeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="erlangeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4C32DB6AD47644D5A3F7FE334077406" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. erlangeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="843ACD4B9AC6639280EF049BF094B3CB" lsidName="P. levenorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="levenorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E4AD47C562C9A4F4556FEF6AF9E00B60" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. levenorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02F55B0A1E23F6B296B9F0FE55C9B352" lsidName="P. amharensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="amharensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="BECBBDF9BCD34F68D1B4990B405E70ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. amharensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4FD32A28912B5C8D9FD53A2214BDDC70" lsidName="P. beka" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="beka">
|
||
<emphasis id="BB3B3B8272BB64984322B692191927CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. beka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D9F0894271C16CF2F7A9867E13771B6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E085ACBE0280A462C94466CB26463E8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Description of the lectotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D9ED523FE88AB6F8D2D9F072D8E8A58A" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
The lectotype is very desiccated (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D11512AB283BD174C436B97C71ED8734" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Type specimens of Ptychadena neumanni. Dorsal and ventral views of three male type specimens A ZMB 26879 - 1, lectotype B ZMB- 57183 = ZMB 26879 - 2, paralectotype C ZMB- 57184 = ZMB 26879 - 3, paralectotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/508440" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">24A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the description of some characters is hindered by the state of conservation of the specimen. Medium sized (SVL 32.2 mm), slender adult male. Snout pointed, projecting beyond the lower jaw. Interorbital distance 0.83
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CCA3300D6A475E6B8CCEC4BF02D136ED" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
eye diameter. Head longer than wide (HW/HL 0.80). Nostril half-way between the tip of the snout and the eye. Internarial distance 1.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F9BE72B8E8ACD0E57A083B42C6573297" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
interorbital distance. Tympanum 0.64
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E04FBC7A569F0D280EA464DAB0848FC1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
eye diameter. Finger tips not expanded but rounded, with moderate subarticular tubercles. Finger formula: I<II<IV<III. Hand free of webbing. Hindlimbs elongated, with tibia length 0.57
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BC11E7CEB78609FC7AEDB11C1A309B88" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
snout-vent length. Foot longer than thigh (FL/THL 1.1) and as long as tibia. Toe tips rounded. Subarticular tubercles small and round. Inner metatarsal tubercle present, external absent. Toe formula: I<II<III<V<IV. Foot webbing formula: Ie(1), IIi/e(1-2), IIIi/e(2-2), IVi/e(2-2), Vi(2). Two light, continuous lateral ridges, six dorsal ridges difficult to see due to preservation of the specimen. No vertebral nor sacral ridges. Small warts on the body. No sacral, femoral, or crural folds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="98D6659A3A9D3EC55E0FD13BC91B2047" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.59699.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/508440" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" start="Figure 24" startId="F24">
|
||
<paragraph id="D0627E91DF161F3EFDEC3F6C1CD19A11" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE4484695B75758D1F98DC96604ABEC2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Figure 24.</emphasis>
|
||
Type specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8441F0E42D87C75DD09007E198E1442" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena neumanni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="DBD381458864CE44B0C581352C30557F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Dorsal and ventral views of three male type specimens
|
||
<emphasis id="7DCFABC076341DED21249E17DF92B149" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">A</emphasis>
|
||
ZMB26879-1, lectotype
|
||
<emphasis id="5F3365645C1BE09E9D773EC8B74F214A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">B</emphasis>
|
||
ZMB-57183 = ZMB26879-2, paralectotype
|
||
<emphasis id="68C2F41C42CE97DDBD8CFCEC98323265" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">C</emphasis>
|
||
ZMB-57184 = ZMB26879-3, paralectotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EAE83E22C865166F12EEC828E979DDB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="coloration of the lectotype in preservative">
|
||
<paragraph id="D62D272635EDD4A0C9F9579AEEFB05CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Coloration of the lectotype in preservative.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="67673B141DE588A6A2CE2FB8F80848AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Coloration has faded away with time and some patterns are now hardly distinguishable. Dorsal background color is brown, with irregular elongated dark brown blotches distributed along the dorsal ridges and on the antero-dorsal part of the flanks. A wide light vertebral line from snout to vent is present. Dark brown canthal stripe from the tip of the snout to the back of the jaw. Vocal sacs dark grey. Upper lip, throat, and posterior part of flanks cream. Ventrum, ventral side of the thighs and tibias uniformly cream in type 1. Barely distinguishable irregular dark brown bars on the tibias and on the thighs.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0DFFD93BC55A6D598A30162892BA1792" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="2616D7E8EFF6574CD96D224D5E37DC21" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Variations.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ACD9CFBBAD72E19F5496046940696FEE" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">In life, background color varies from light to dark brown. Dorsal ridges vary in number and definition. Lateral ridges may be sand or dark orange. All specimens examined had small dark brown or black blotches distributed symmetrically on the dorsal ridges. Flanks more or less heavily colored with black or dark brown blotches. Vertebral stripe absent in some individuals. When present, the vertebral stripe may be thin or wide, sand-color or brown-orange.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E9691D4355330D3AD69EB082F62710A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Iris bicolored, the upper third silver and lower two thirds dark brown sometimes marbled with light yellow or copper on the bottom half. Upper jaw cream, lower jaws featuring irregular light grey or brown markings but no barring. All specimens examined featured a dark brown canthal stripe from the tip of the snout to the back of the upper jaw and a with a cream vertical stripe. A thin cream longitudinal stripe on the tibia present in some individuals. Tibias, thighs, and feet posteriorly barred with more or less defined brown or light brown markings. Some individuals have dark irregular markings on the posterior side of the arms and anteroventral sides of the thighs and tibias. Thighs posteriorly marbled with dark brown and yellowish brown. Ventrum and throat uniformly cream to yellow. Vocal sacs grey to dark grey. Small warts over the back and flanks in adult males.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="21082EA8F320A6293B3655722EDC4863" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="D180E26806DEA4557E726BCEA720F6A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Habitat, distribution, and natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="98FF93819D0285DA3A87B388FFD4C45B" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CC5FD24A34A9921BE6F2617E57725A5F" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena neumanni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6C3EE8077FA52A2A4412A8661B4D1A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found on both sides of the Great Rift Valley (GRV) and limited to the south and southwestern highlands of Ethiopia (5.80-8.20°N, 35.36-38.64°E). This species is found at elevations ranging from 1409 m to 2449 m a.s.l. The southernmost individuals were found north of Hagere Mariam (east of the GRV) and Maji (west of the GRV). In the west, populations are found west of Gore,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="07BFEAD852FA4695D7A3A74CC9CC2327" originalValue="Gech’a">Gech'a</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Bonga and Jimma.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="294F03F82AE28BF0212E5D7A9883419F" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena neumanni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="5DAF75901D2B6D9B45ABF4BF3675CEBD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been found between Sodo and Bonga. East of the GRV it has been found in the vicinity of Wondo Genet. In the southwest,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28DC0085AE5DF478413DEABB90A7A387" lsidName="P. neumanni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DCE09369DB1FD30E13EB22B2B0C1325" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in syntopy with multiple
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DDB4E9C59792C2A9190D4766BB640E7F" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1917" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DD8E9015E787996F89A2D32591F94B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C24CC310436AF801A87030169E751B5D" lsidName="P. doro" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="doro">
|
||
<emphasis id="81CC4A644A6211FF76DB6D741F737EC7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. doro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8526E6E4CB75E3873955DA5737186D9D" lsidName="P. delphina" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="delphina">
|
||
<emphasis id="CB31BD75A429E709E4ED459AC15FE9FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. delphina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE8CA522558B2AEF8193F321107B4201" lsidName="P. beka" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="beka">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BEE08D0B9D153B6C28C60F68611E34A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. beka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., and the lowland species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E865C610EA3639497F8B8B6559A759B" lsidName="P. anchietae" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="anchietae">
|
||
<emphasis id="7E4A01D86D73B18252E4DDAA081018AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. anchietae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the southeast, it is found in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7AAB2F408BE613B57B0ACD3B419077F" lsidName="P. goweri" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="goweri">
|
||
<emphasis id="235AB7FF8596546469EDEF87C2EE55D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. goweri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Males are found calling at night in shallow puddles on or beside the road, or in flooded grassy meadows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3270B455B6F5FE6B01014E33B7285741" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="advertisement call">
|
||
<paragraph id="3AD37DB4FAE8C2EC350FDE22DA6B5937" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Advertisement call.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7AAB4A8794159B4AA360C20D7D514663" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798FC60BB73E28547C680053A70BC2A5" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena neumanni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="708DE1C3F0C77D10C08EC8AB88B56BAB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
produces two types of call, hereafter referred to as call type A and call type B. Based on our video recordings and observations in the field, we believe that call type A corresponds to the advertisement call, while call type B may be a territorial call. Notably, while calling in chorus, males were producing call type A, whereas call type B seem to be employed in two-individuals vocal battles. However, our data are insufficient to categorize with confidence these two calls with regard to their respective function and we describe both call types below. The call type and call rate produced is highly dependent on the social context.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A8A494C535A4E563ECF531685EAE85C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1711CF72FBD327094BD516FAC01C1492" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena neumanni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEDBDC04D8D59F2721ED03B76C93C3FE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
call type A (3 males, 78 calls) is 307
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AE882CB15422E3DD1999B795E20C669E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
149 ms long and contains 5.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="24C338D1847A4E16AC264117288F1132" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.4 pulsed notes. Notes are 32
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AF0C0CE0498C1514FAAE43B781FC21B9" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
14 ms in duration and are produced at regular intervals (19.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="133BBC69BB6142C329D767D3D3A231E9" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.5 notes s-1) within each call. Amplitude modulation is very low within the call. Call type
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2AF44D53DFA618C60149614FD495792C" originalValue="A’s">A's</normalizedToken>
|
||
dominant frequency is 2406
|
||
<normalizedToken id="53B47F08D3CA9F488EF736A1BACD3CAA" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
339 Hz, with no frequency modulation within notes or calls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="730F6B5AAF96F6CF40705285E84ECFDF" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56EAA32F18252CE0C4AC17EEEB94AFFD" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena neumanni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="906B7BD6AFF0B988551F67186D9037F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
call type B (1 male, 13 calls) is composed of one initial long (437
|
||
<normalizedToken id="848DA5BAF696D8615D509FBE1ACA1B8A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
54 ms) pulsed note (note B1), followed by 3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E616E22FF003BCA12DED8420C2B9CB9F" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6 distinct pulses (note B2). The peak frequency of note B1 is 2207
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2521C5F0CC4C5E9F0A819A42D4296802" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
129 Hz while note B2 has a dominant frequency of 2337
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5D4CE2E43D87B4A626224E49E1BE6848" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
191 Hz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="42B56FC6C5D69CECFC7783674A45F2AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Call type A of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="653AD094ACC823E0EC5EA98342625DE0" lsidName="P. neumanni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="AC529DA9194A3EB7C352992C3B724BFD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from those of all other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="980CD435F19922E7FA3129B19D685168" lsidName="P. neumanni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="neumanni">P. neumanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B488D3E4C87B1E29EE0175229E265185" lsidName="P. cooperi" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="cooperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D5DB9FB3468DE460565174A0B9CDCCA5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. cooperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A2FB64CE398D3AC94FA219611498213" lsidName="P. amharensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="amharensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6AE2AAD2AD5BCAB8C0DCF7F40469C28A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. amharensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by its composition of multiple pulsed notes with indistinguishable pulses. It differs from the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="574FBF94ED1A7B33BBF0044139BBFAFF" lsidName="P. cooperi" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="cooperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="878F8C54D4F67B3AA22F8A23412188F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. cooperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A90FC97D82F12C2E5C5EF318CB155921" lsidName="P. amharensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="amharensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0604E456F1FE5AAEF0A26A48E92462B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. amharensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of frequency modulation, shorter notes, and shorter inter-note intervals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1408581AA1B9E897EC8F0EFD387ADAB3" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Call type B of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F7608DBA425CD7BECB30ECEDE11ACF18" lsidName="P. neumanni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1564FB6D8F15BDD6637BB383440145F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40ECDE485E03B8096BDDD936E644A959" lsidName="P. neumanni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5FC4F75E8C5BC416A4C8603219C645C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex in its composition of two different types of notes and can easily be distinguished from those of all other species of the group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="04376461BECBF284DEB5CED96BD82243" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="51255448D1F31092644DEDF08AE5AC62" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C89D2835540CD86E8538EC1E9F55AFC1" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4FDCED4072DD0767B526F4B6D22842F9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.4830110102" author="Ahl, E" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen museum in Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 12" refId="B1" refString="Ahl, E, 1924. Ueber eine froschsammlung aus Nordost-Afrika und Arabien. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen museum in Berlin 11: 1 - 12, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.4830110102" title="Ueber eine froschsammlung aus Nordost-Afrika und Arabien." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.4830110102" volume="11" year="1924">Ahl (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92C9C8040239B6C95E13CB5F04AC4D41" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rana neumanni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6171CBD4ABF09C61D8C5BB71ADFEF71" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Rana neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on 35 syntypes collected in Didda (one specimen), Somaliland (23 specimens), Gadat (Gofa) (three specimens), and Uba (eight specimens).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C308AE14D47BD61FDAAC663D5745939" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" author="Perret, J-L" journalOrPublisher="Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" pagination="151 - 168" refId="B22" refString="Perret, J-L, 1980. Sur quelques Ptychadena (Amphibia Ranidae) d'Ethiopie. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento 13: 151 - 168, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" title="Sur quelques Ptychadena (Amphibia Ranidae) d'Ethiopie." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" volume="13" year="1980">Perret (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined the type series, split the collection, and assigned the specimens to three distinct species. Perret designated the three specimens from Gadat (ZMB-26879 type 1, ZMB-26879 type 2 and ZMB-26879 type 3) as syntypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="911458718A6101121F3C2BA7142CF7E0" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena neumanni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="88CC2BA2EF66F99C00314E125C5D1C46" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sensu stricto) as they were the only specimens with individual tags. Additionally, those specimens were the only ones of the original type series to have a collection date: 2 February 1901. Gadat (Gofa), south Ethiopia thus became Terra typica restricta of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74E07A685EB832AC4D886602EB832730" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychadena neumanni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B98D9B64A21633D01B6D19C9CF7BE2FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">Ptychadena neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B065AF87F70935B679FE165AAE5472B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" author="Perret, J-L" journalOrPublisher="Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" pagination="151 - 168" refId="B22" refString="Perret, J-L, 1980. Sur quelques Ptychadena (Amphibia Ranidae) d'Ethiopie. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento 13: 151 - 168, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" title="Sur quelques Ptychadena (Amphibia Ranidae) d'Ethiopie." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" volume="13" year="1980">Perret (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
then revised the description of the species and gave measurement values for the three syntypes. When we examined the type series in the collection of the Museum of Berlin, we realized that the syntypes 2 and 3 had been attributed new collection numbers: ZMB-57183 (ZMB-26879 type 2) and ZMB-57184 (ZMB-26879 type 3) and the jar containing ZMB-26879 type 1 bears the label "
|
||
<emphasis id="0DE5B472ECCBDC6F19D6002E6D255F80" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">lectotypus</emphasis>
|
||
". To our knowledge, no designation of ZMB-26879 type 1 as lectotype for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D10653EBA23768EB4DC745D6320D4DA" lsidName="P. neumanni" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="neumanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="F434153BCA738AD205553056E39A8D7F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="77">P. neumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been published. Given that the original description of the species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="98F3806F60FD487BFFF832B6F32FC563" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.4830110102" author="Ahl, E" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen museum in Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 12" refId="B1" refString="Ahl, E, 1924. Ueber eine froschsammlung aus Nordost-Afrika und Arabien. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen museum in Berlin 11: 1 - 12, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.4830110102" title="Ueber eine froschsammlung aus Nordost-Afrika und Arabien." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.4830110102" volume="11" year="1924">Ahl (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included 35 syntypes and that the restriction by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D6B3B489FAC102EC2511F1FF2E167A2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" author="Perret, J-L" journalOrPublisher="Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" pagination="151 - 168" refId="B22" refString="Perret, J-L, 1980. Sur quelques Ptychadena (Amphibia Ranidae) d'Ethiopie. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento 13: 151 - 168, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" title="Sur quelques Ptychadena (Amphibia Ranidae) d'Ethiopie." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1980.11758552" volume="13" year="1980">Perret (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is not valid according to the Code as it does not designate an individual specimen, we hereby designate ZMB-26879 (type 1) as a lectotype according to Article 74 of the International Zoological Code of Nomenclature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="864008217786B9665C9B55D789BD40E9" author="ICZN" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="77" publicationUrl="https://www.iczn.org/the-code" refId="B10" refString="ICZN, 1999. International code of zoological nomenclature. 4th ed. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London. https://www.iczn.org/the-code" title="International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th ed. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London." url="https://www.iczn.org/the-code" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The specimens ZMB-57183 (ZMB-26879 type 2) and ZMB-57184 (ZMB-26879 type 3) thus become paralectotypes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |