364 lines
37 KiB
XML
364 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="19D4EF33B371CDA017C63D1A194BF642" ID-CLB-Dataset="26946" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="64c1a738-381b-4ba2-bc35-317d756e6a29" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2656164" ID-ZooBank="CD2A364C-6CF9-4FF5-AD28-7AF388868B15" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1556698917896" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen & Broadley, Adam" docDate="2019" docId="03C987F6FFC0FFB3BD88586AFCD0729A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4590.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4590 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hyperlasion wasmanni Schmitz 1918" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="421" masterDocId="FFF0FF8EFFD4FFA7BD1F590EFFB97777" masterDocTitle="Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands" masterLastPageNumber="439" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="421" updateTime="1698724290689" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C04C917A0CDDE3A65B842C7C714F2995">Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="456BA58553FFB44673AD602CB6754619">Mohrig, Werner</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EFB617F1C3CC40B7F95CF282370201FA">Kauschke, Ellen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DA0949E2F5D133F592946F4B12092E14">Broadley, Adam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="98736813D3AA11C3CFB19F1CA84301CA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7C3577A0D6BB072CC9AA19DF35E0CDEB">
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<mods:date id="FBD35C1679CB5A76C6A104A043A0AECA">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A923BA760AFB341F80F9EF1915AD3D9C">2019-04-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CA66D2FBF18A601620076603ED30D714">4590</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="88D1D21085FEFD4CF3619A732D23249B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C987F6FFC0FFB3BD88586AFCD0729A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156874270" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987F6FFC0FFB3BD88586AFCD0729A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C987F6FFC0FFB3BD88586AFCD0729A" lastPageNumber="421" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFC0FFB3BD88586AFDDD7609" box="[151,612,356,382]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFC0FFB3BD88586AFDDD7609" blockId="20.[151,612,356,415]" box="[151,612,356,382]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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<heading id="D097818CFFC0FFB3BD88586AFDDD7609" bold="true" box="[151,612,356,382]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFC0FFB3BD88586AFDDD7609" ID-CoL="3NQD5" authority="Schmitz, 1918" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,612,356,382]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Hyperlasion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wasmanni">
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<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BD88586AFDDD7609" bold="true" box="[151,612,356,382]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BD88586AFE177609" bold="true" box="[151,430,356,382]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Hyperlasion wasmanni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFC0FFB3BCAA586AFDDD7609" author="Schmitz, H." box="[437,612,356,382]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="88 - 111" refId="ref17045" refString="Schmitz, H. (1918) Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Sciariden mit reduzierten Maxillarpalpen. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 61 (1 - 2), 88 - 111." type="journal article" year="1918">Schmitz, 1918</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFC0FFB3BD885888FE8D76E8" box="[151,308,390,415]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFC0FFB3BD885888FE8D76E8" blockId="20.[151,612,356,415]" box="[151,308,390,415]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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(
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<figureCitation id="135B2A65FFC0FFB3BD805888FE9476E8" box="[159,301,390,415]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1566,1588]" captionTargetBox="[171,1411,261,1469]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1435,195,1575]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 14 A–C. Hyperlasion wasmanni Schmitz, 1918. Holotype of Scythropochroa magnisensoria Hardy. A. Hypopygium; B. Basal segments of antenna; C. Palpus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656190/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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Fig. 14 A
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<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BC145888FEA076E8" bold="true" box="[267,281,390,415]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">–</emphasis>
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C
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</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFC0FFB3BD8858C0FC027555" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFC0FFB3BD8858C0FCDB7693" blockId="20.[151,955,462,546]" box="[151,866,462,485]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7011CEFFC0FFB3BD8858C0FCDB7693" box="[151,866,462,485]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFC0FFB3BD8858C0FDA37693" ID-CoL="3NQD5" authority="Schmitz, 1918" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,538,462,485]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Hyperlasion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wasmanni">
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<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BD8858C0FE387692" box="[151,385,462,485]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Hyperlasion wasmanni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFC0FFB3BC9858C0FDA37693" author="Schmitz, H." box="[391,538,462,484]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="88 - 111" refId="ref17045" refString="Schmitz, H. (1918) Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Sciariden mit reduzierten Maxillarpalpen. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 61 (1 - 2), 88 - 111." type="journal article" year="1918">Schmitz, 1918</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC110F1FFC0FFB3BF3A58C0FD557693" author="Schmitz, H." box="[549,748,462,484]" page="96" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" year="1918">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFC0FFB3BF3A58C0FD707693" author="Schmitz, H." box="[549,713,462,484]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="88 - 111" refId="ref17045" refString="Schmitz, H. (1918) Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Sciariden mit reduzierten Maxillarpalpen. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 61 (1 - 2), 88 - 111." type="journal article" year="1918">Schmitz (1918)</bibRefCitation>
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: 96
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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–99, fig. 1].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFC0FFB3BD8858E3FD717574" blockId="20.[151,955,462,546]" box="[151,712,493,515]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BD8858E3FD717574" bold="true" box="[151,712,493,515]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFC0FFB3BDB358E3FDC57574" authority="Hardy, 1956" authorityName="Hardy. A. Hypopygium" authorityYear="1956" box="[172,636,493,515]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Scythropochroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnisensoria">
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<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BDB358E3FE4B7574" bold="true" box="[172,498,493,515]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Scythropochroa magnisensoria</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFC0FFB3BCE858E3FDC57574" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[503,636,493,515]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref15081" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1956) New Hawaiian Sciaridae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 16 (1), 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="1956">Hardy, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2275789FFC0FFB3BF9D58E3FD717574" box="[642,712,493,515]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFC0FFB3BD885B02FC027555" blockId="20.[151,955,462,546]" box="[151,955,524,546]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7011CEFFC0FFB3BD885B02FC027555" box="[151,955,524,546]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFC0FFB3BD885B02FDEF7555" authority="Hardy, 1956" authorityName="Hardy. A. Hypopygium" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,598,524,546]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Scythropochroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnisensoria">
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||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BD885B02FE6A7555" box="[151,467,524,546]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Scythropochroa magnisensoria</emphasis>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFC0FFB3BCC75B02FDEF7555" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[472,598,524,546]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref15081" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1956) New Hawaiian Sciaridae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 16 (1), 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="1956">Hardy, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC110F1FFC0FFB3BF7E5B02FCAA7555" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[609,787,524,546]" page="89" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" year="1956">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFC0FFB3BF7E5B02FD487555" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[609,753,524,546]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref15081" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1956) New Hawaiian Sciaridae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 16 (1), 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="1956">Hardy (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 89
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
–90, fig. 12 a
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<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BE855B02FC1F7555" bold="true" box="[922,934,524,546]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">–</emphasis>
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d]
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFC0FFB3BD885B40FB0574DC" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFC0FFB3BD885B40FDCB7414" blockId="20.[151,1437,590,1518]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BD885B40FE677510" bold="true" box="[151,478,590,615]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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Material studied:
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<materialsCitation id="3B083CBDFFC0FFB3BC6E5B40FE677510" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2237390871" box="[369,478,590,615]" collectingDate="1953-02-07" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="C. P. Hoyt" elevation="457" location="Kuliouou Valley" municipality="Male" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54DB8842FFC0FFB3BC6E5B40FE677510" box="[369,478,590,615]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</materialsCitation>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BBBAC9AFFC0FFB3BCF05B40FD927510" box="[495,555,590,615]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Male</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<date id="FFDE1020FFC0FFB3BF275B40FD277510" box="[568,670,590,615]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1953-02-07">
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<collectingDate id="EF9AE9C8FFC0FFB3BF275B40FD277510" box="[568,670,590,615]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1953-02-07">7.ii.1953</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49A4F802FFC0FFB3BFB35B40FCB07510" box="[684,777,590,615]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Hawai‘i</collectingRegion>
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, O‘ahu,
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<location id="8EBF603BFFC0FFB3BE745B40FB9E7510" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987F6FFC0FFB3BD88586AFCD0729A:8EBF603BFFC0FFB3BE745B40FB9E7510" box="[875,1063,590,615]" municipality="Male" name="Kuliouou Valley" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" stateProvince="Hawaii">Kuliouou Valley</location>
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,
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<quantity id="4C989B05FFC0FFB3B92B5B40FBC67511" box="[1076,1151,590,615]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.57" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="m" value="457.0">
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<elevation id="004DD1D3FFC0FFB3B92B5B40FBC67511" box="[1076,1151,590,615]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.57" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="m" value="457.0">457 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, leg.
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<collectorName id="26955336FFC0FFB3B9A15B41FA8C7510" box="[1214,1333,591,615]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">C. P. Hoyt</collectorName>
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(BPBM, No. 2485).
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<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BC3D5B7CFE2375FC" bold="true" box="[290,410,626,651]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
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<typeStatus id="54DB8842FFC0FFB3BC3D5B7CFE2375FC" box="[290,410,626,651]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
|
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:
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<specimenCount id="9D66FD69FFC0FFB3BCB15B7DFDBB75FC" box="[430,514,626,651]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="FFDE1020FFC0FFB3BF0B5B7CFDDC75FC" box="[532,613,626,651]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1953-02">ii.1953</date>
|
||
, O‘ahu, Maunawili, leg D.E. Hardy;
|
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<materialsCitation id="3B083CBDFFC0FFB3B9385B7DFEAE75D8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2237390865" collectingDate="1953-07-01" location="Pu'u Ali'i" municipality="Moloka'i" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount id="9D66FD69FFC0FFB3B9385B7DFB2875FC" box="[1063,1169,626,651]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
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,
|
||
<location id="8EBF603BFFC0FFB3B9BD5B7DFAA275FC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987F6FFC0FFB3BD88586AFCD0729A:8EBF603BFFC0FFB3B9BD5B7DFAA275FC" box="[1186,1307,626,651]" municipality="Moloka'i" name="Pu'u Ali'i" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" stateProvince="Hawaii">Pu‘u Ali‘i</location>
|
||
,
|
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BBBAC9AFFC0FFB3B8325B7CFA2175FC" box="[1325,1432,626,651]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Moloka‘i</collectingMunicipality>
|
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,
|
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<date id="FFDE1020FFC0FFB3BD885B98FEAE75D8" box="[151,279,662,687]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1953-07-01">
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<collectingDate id="EF9AE9C8FFC0FFB3BD885B98FEAE75D8" box="[151,279,662,687]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1953-07-01">
|
||
vii.1953,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D66FD69FFC0FFB3BC165B99FEAE75D8" box="[265,279,663,687]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="male">1</specimenCount>
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</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
|
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male/
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B083CBDFFC0FFB3BC765B98FB1F75D8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2237390873" box="[361,1190,662,687]" collectingDate="1953-01-17" collectorName="C. P. Hoyt" location="Opae'ula" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D66FD69FFC0FFB3BC765B98FE7675D8" box="[361,463,662,687]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDE1020FFC0FFB3BCFD5B98FDF775D8" box="[482,590,662,687]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1953-01-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9AE9C8FFC0FFB3BCFD5B98FDF775D8" box="[482,590,662,687]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1953-01-17">17.i.1953</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, O‘ahu,
|
||
<location id="8EBF603BFFC0FFB3BFA25B98FC9A75D8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987F6FFC0FFB3BD88586AFCD0729A:8EBF603BFFC0FFB3BFA25B98FC9A75D8" box="[701,803,662,687]" name="Opae'ula" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" stateProvince="Hawaii">Opae‘ula</location>
|
||
[as “Opacula”], leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26955336FFC0FFB3B9315B99FB1F75D8" box="[1070,1190,663,687]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">C.P. Hoyt</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B083CBDFFC0FFB3B9A75B99FCB475A4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2237390867" collectingDate="1953-06-02" collectorName="D. E. Hardy" elevation="975" location="Lana'ihale Lana'i" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D66FD69FFC0FFB3B9A75B99FAA075D8" box="[1208,1305,662,687]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDE1020FFC0FFB3B8335B98FA2E75D8" box="[1324,1431,662,687]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1953-06-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9AE9C8FFC0FFB3B8335B98FA2E75D8" box="[1324,1431,662,687]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1953-06-02">2.vi.1953</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EBF603BFFC0FFB3BD885BB4FEE775A4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987F6FFC0FFB3BD88586AFCD0729A:8EBF603BFFC0FFB3BD885BB4FEE775A4" box="[151,350,698,723]" name="Lana'ihale Lana'i" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" stateProvince="Hawaii">Lāna‘ihale Lāna‘i</location>
|
||
[as “Lana”],
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B05FFC0FFB3BCEB5BB5FDF475A4" box="[500,589,698,723]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7536" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="ft" value="3200.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004DD1D3FFC0FFB3BCEB5BB5FDF475A4" box="[500,589,698,723]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7536" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="ft" value="3200.0">3200 ft.</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26955336FFC0FFB3BF965BB5FCB475A4" box="[649,781,698,723]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">D.E. Hardy</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B083CBDFFC0FFB3BE085BB5FA2175A5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2237390895" box="[791,1432,698,723]" collectingDate="1920-02-18" collectorName="E. H. Bryan Jr." location="Lanihuli" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D66FD69FFC0FFB3BE085BB5FCC275A4" box="[791,891,698,723]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDE1020FFC0FFB3BE995BB4FC4375A4" box="[902,1018,698,723]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1920-02-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9AE9C8FFC0FFB3BE995BB4FC4375A4" box="[902,1018,698,723]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1920-02-18">18.ii.1920</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, O‘ahu,
|
||
<location id="8EBF603BFFC0FFB3B9465BB4FB0275A4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987F6FFC0FFB3BD88586AFCD0729A:8EBF603BFFC0FFB3B9465BB4FB0275A4" box="[1113,1211,698,723]" name="Lanihuli" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" stateProvince="Hawaii">Lanihuli</location>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26955336FFC0FFB3B9EA5BB5FA2175A5" box="[1269,1432,699,723]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">E.H. Bryan Jr.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B083CBDFFC0FFB3BD885BD1FCDD7580" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2237390891" box="[151,868,734,759]" collectingDate="1953-07" collectorName="D. E. Hardy" elevation="914" location="Kahuku Ranch" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D66FD69FFC0FFB3BD885BD1FF537580" box="[151,234,734,759]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDE1020FFC0FFB3BDE45BD0FEE37580" box="[251,346,734,759]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1953-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9AE9C8FFC0FFB3BDE45BD0FEE37580" box="[251,346,734,759]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1953-07">vii.1953</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EBF603BFFC0FFB3BC745BD0FDA07580" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987F6FFC0FFB3BD88586AFCD0729A:8EBF603BFFC0FFB3BC745BD0FDA07580" box="[363,537,734,759]" name="Kahuku Ranch" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" stateProvince="Hawaii">Kahuku Ranch</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B05FFC0FFB3BF355BD1FD3E7580" box="[554,647,734,759]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="ft" value="3000.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004DD1D3FFC0FFB3BF355BD1FD3E7580" box="[554,647,734,759]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" unit="ft" value="3000.0">3000 ft.</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26955336FFC0FFB3BFCE5BD1FCE57580" box="[721,860,734,759]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">D.E. Hardy</collectorName>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B083CBDFFC0FFB3BE6B5BD1FE76746C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2237390881" collectingDate="1953-01-17" collectorName="C. P. Hoyt" location="Pu'u" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D66FD69FFC0FFB3BE6B5BD1FC717580" box="[884,968,734,759]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDE1020FFC0FFB3BEC65BD0FBFD7580" box="[985,1092,734,759]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1953-01-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9AE9C8FFC0FFB3BEC65BD0FBFD7580" box="[985,1092,734,759]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1953-01-17">17.i.1953</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, O‘ahu,
|
||
<location id="8EBF603BFFC0FFB3B9B05BD1FB5D7580" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987F6FFC0FFB3BD88586AFCD0729A:8EBF603BFFC0FFB3B9B05BD1FB5D7580" box="[1199,1252,735,759]" name="Pu'u" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" stateProvince="Hawaii">Pu‘u</location>
|
||
Pe‘ahinai‘a [as “Peahina”], leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26955336FFC0FFB3BC455A0DFE76746C" box="[346,463,771,795]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">C.P. Hoyt</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B083CBDFFC0FFB3BCC05A0DFBD4746C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2237390856" box="[479,1133,770,795]" collectingDate="1953-04" collectorName="M. Tamashiro" location="Maui" municipality="Pu'u Kukui" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D66FD69FFC0FFB3BCC05A0DFD8A746C" box="[479,563,770,795]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDE1020FFC0FFB3BF5C5A0CFD20746C" box="[579,665,770,795]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1953-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9AE9C8FFC0FFB3BF5C5A0CFD20746C" box="[579,665,770,795]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1953-04">iv.1953</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EBF603BFFC0FFB3BFB65A0CFD5E746C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987F6FFC0FFB3BD88586AFCD0729A:8EBF603BFFC0FFB3BFB65A0CFD5E746C" box="[681,743,770,795]" municipality="Pu'u Kukui" name="Maui" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" stateProvince="Hawaii">Maui</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBBAC9AFFC0FFB3BFE75A0DFC3B746C" box="[760,898,770,795]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Pu‘u Kukui</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26955336FFC0FFB3BED85A0DFBD4746C" box="[967,1133,770,795]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">M. Tamashiro</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B083CBDFFC0FFB3B9625A0DFBE87448" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2237390869" collectingDate="1929-10-04" collectionCode="PWMP" collectorName="R. R. Whitten & Other" county="Lula Palm" location="Upper Hamakua" municipality="Ditch Trail" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D66FD69FFC0FFB3B9625A0DFB69746C" box="[1149,1232,770,795]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDE1020FFC0FFB3B9FE5A0DFAFC746C" box="[1249,1349,771,795]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1929-10-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9AE9C8FFC0FFB3B9FE5A0DFAFC746C" box="[1249,1349,771,795]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1929-10-04">4.x.1929</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EBF603BFFC0FFB3B8495A0DFEBC7448" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987F6FFC0FFB3BD88586AFCD0729A:8EBF603BFFC0FFB3B8495A0DFEBC7448" county="Lula Palm" municipality="Ditch Trail" name="Upper Hamakua" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" stateProvince="Hawaii">Upper Hamakua</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBBAC9AFFC0FFB3BC0C5A28FE2A7448" box="[275,403,806,831]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Ditch Trail</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, on
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62BE4E6CFFC0FFB3BCD85A28FDF87448" box="[455,577,806,831]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Lula Palm</collectingCounty>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26955336FFC0FFB3BF9C5A29FCA37448" box="[643,794,806,831]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">R.R. Whitten</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE25FFC0FFB3BE335A29FC3C7448" box="[812,901,807,831]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">PWMP</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BE855A28FBE87448" bold="true" box="[922,1105,806,831]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<collectorName id="26955336FFC0FFB3BE855A28FC5B7448" box="[922,994,806,831]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Other</collectorName>
|
||
material
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B083CBDFFC0FFB3B97D5A29FDCB7414" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2237390884" collectingDate="1953-02-10" collectorName="D. E. Hardy." location="Maunawili" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D66FD69FFC0FFB3B97D5A29FB077448" box="[1122,1214,806,831]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFDE1020FFC0FFB3B9D25A28FAF87448" box="[1229,1345,806,831]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1953-02-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9AE9C8FFC0FFB3B9D25A28FAF87448" box="[1229,1345,806,831]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" value="1953-02-10">10.ii.1953</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, O‘ahu,
|
||
<location id="8EBF603BFFC0FFB3BD885A44FEAA7414" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987F6FFC0FFB3BD88586AFCD0729A:8EBF603BFFC0FFB3BD885A44FEAA7414" box="[151,275,842,867]" name="Maunawili" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" stateProvince="Hawaii">Maunawili</location>
|
||
, on tree trunk, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26955336FFC0FFB3BCF45A45FDCB7414" box="[491,626,842,867]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">D.E. Hardy.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFC0FFB3BDD85A60FB0574DC" blockId="20.[151,1437,590,1518]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BDD85A60FE7874F0" bold="true" box="[199,449,878,903]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
Embedded in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777670FFC0FFB3BF6A5A60FD7074F0" box="[629,713,878,903]" name="Canada" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
balsam. Head, palpus and antennae, wings and hypopygium isolated, wings under a separate cover slip. All morphological structures rather well preserved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFC0FFB3BDD85AB8FAF672BD" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFC0FFB3BDD85AB8FEED73F1" blockId="20.[151,1437,590,1518]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BDD85AB8FEF174B8" bold="true" box="[199,328,950,975]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFC0FFB3BC495AB8FDE374B9" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1918" box="[342,602,950,974]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Hyperlasion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wasmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BC495AB8FDE374B9" box="[342,602,950,974]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Hyperlasion wasmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by a 1-segmented palpus that is large and swollen, with a large sensory pit of variable shape at the front and a robust curved bristle on the upper border of the pit; rather long antennae; 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C159BA8FFC0FFB3BC075AF0FE9D737B" attach="left" box="[280,292,1022,1036]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">th</superScript>
|
||
flagellomere with a l/w index of 2.0, with hairs longer than the basal node; indifferent bristles at the apex of the fore tibia, rather short gonocoxites, with short hairs at the base and the inner ventral margin; gonostylus nearly as long as the gonocoxites, apically rounded, without an apical tooth, with 5–7 short and fine hyaline spines in the distal half.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFC0FFB3BDD85D9FFAF672BD" blockId="20.[151,1437,590,1518]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFC0FFB3BDD85D9FFE0A73DD" author="Menzel, F. & Vilkamaa, P. & Smith, J. E." box="[199,435,1169,1194]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="283 - 296" refId="ref15994" refString="Menzel, F., Vilkamaa, P. & Smith, J. E. (2013) Overview of the Black Fungus Gnats from the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, including a redescription of Hyperlasion viridiventris (Frey) (Diptera, Sciaroidea: Sciaridae). Contributions to Entomology, 63 (2), 283 - 296." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Menzel
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BC3B5D9CFEE173DE" box="[292,344,1169,1193]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed the differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFC0FFB3BE545D9CFB2873DD" authority="(Frey, 1945)" baseAuthorityName="Frey" baseAuthorityYear="1945" box="[843,1169,1169,1194]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Hyperlasion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridiventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BE545D9CFC4073DE" box="[843,1017,1169,1193]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">H. viridiventris</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFC0FFB3B9155D9CFB3073DD" author="Frey, R." box="[1034,1161,1169,1194]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="1 - 114" refId="ref14958" refString="Frey, R. (1945) Tiergeographische Studien uber die Dipterenfauna der Azoren. 1. Verzeichnis der bisher von den Azoren bekannten Dipteren. Societas Scientiarum Fennica Commentationes biologicae, 8 (10), 1 - 114." type="journal article" year="1945">Frey, 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFC0FFB3B9BF5D9CFF5873B9" authority="Schmitz (1918)" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Hyperlasion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wasmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3B9BF5D9CFA8E73DE" box="[1184,1335,1170,1193]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">H. wasmanni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFC0FFB3B85F5D9FFF5873B9" author="Schmitz, H." pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="88 - 111" refId="ref17045" refString="Schmitz, H. (1918) Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Sciariden mit reduzierten Maxillarpalpen. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 61 (1 - 2), 88 - 111." type="journal article" year="1918">Schmitz (1918)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFC0FFB3BC035DB8FD8F73B9" authority="Mohrig (2004)" authorityName="Mohrig" authorityYear="2004" box="[284,566,1205,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Hyperlasion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aliens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BC035DB8FE3A73BA" box="[284,387,1205,1229]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">H. aliens</emphasis>
|
||
Mohrig (2004)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The main characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFC0FFB3BE4D5DB8FBF673B9" authority="(Frey)" authorityName="Frey" baseAuthorityName="Frey" baseAuthorityYear="1945" box="[850,1103,1205,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Hyperlasion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridiventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BE4D5DB8FCDF73BA" box="[850,870,1206,1229]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BE695DBBFC4673BA" box="[886,1023,1205,1229]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">viridiventris</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3B9175DBBFBA873B9" bold="true" box="[1032,1041,1205,1230]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">(</emphasis>
|
||
Frey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the swollen 1-segmented palpus with a large sensory pit in front and a long and robust curved bristle on the upper margin, rather long flagellomeres and an elongate gonostylus without an apical tooth, but with few (5–7) fine hyaline spines (poorly visible even with a good microscope). The morphological differences with the European specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFC0FFB3B80E5C2FFED47229" authority="Schmitz" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Hyperlasion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wasmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3B80E5C2FFEB0722A" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Hyperlasion wasmanni</emphasis>
|
||
Schmitz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are minimal. We think that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFC0FFB3BFB35C4BFC3D7229" authority="(Frey)" authorityName="Frey" baseAuthorityName="Frey" baseAuthorityYear="1945" box="[684,900,1349,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Hyperlasion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridiventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BFB35C4BFC8C722A" box="[684,821,1349,1373]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">viridiventris</emphasis>
|
||
(Frey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFC0FFB3BEA25C48FB2A7229" authority="Schmitz" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1918" box="[957,1171,1349,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Hyperlasion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wasmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BEA25C48FB97722A" box="[957,1070,1350,1373]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">wasmanni</emphasis>
|
||
Schmitz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are conspecific. In this sense we agree with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFC0FFB3BC995C67FD9A72F5" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[390,547,1385,1410]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" pagination="208 - 235" refId="ref15113" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1960) Family Sciaridae. In: Zimmerman, E. C. (Ed.), Insects of Hawaii. A Manual of the Insects of the Hawaiian Islands, including on Enumeration of the Species and Notes on their Origin, Distribution, Hosts, Parasites etc. 10. University Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 208 - 235." type="book chapter" year="1960">Hardy (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 232 that Tuomikoski also found (in correspondence) that the two species are conspecific. The species is common in open landscapes, and is perhaps connected with ants. The females are often monogenic and in a given period only females are found or a minimal percentage of a population are males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFC0FFB3BDD85CDBFCD0729A" box="[199,873,1493,1518]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFC0FFB3BDD85CDBFCD0729A" blockId="20.[151,1437,590,1518]" box="[199,873,1493,1518]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFC0FFB3BDD85CDBFEE07299" bold="true" box="[199,345,1493,1518]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A4F802FFC0FFB3BC785CDBFE7C7299" box="[359,453,1493,1518]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Hawai‘i</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Widespread and common in Europe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |