treatments-xml/data/03/81/87/038187F8FF9DE001FEF3BA3CCB238D4F.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.1590/S1679-62252008000100005" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5419794" approvalRequired="4" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="4" checkinTime="1630375487889" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Britski, Heraldo A. &amp; Birindelli, José L. O." docDate="2008" docId="038187F8FF9DE001FEF3BA3CCB238D4F" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.2008.3.pdf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology 6 (1)" docSource="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1679-62252008000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;tlng=en" docStyle="DocumentStyle:85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5.4:NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Leporinus venerei Britski &amp; Birindelli 2008, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageId="3" masterDocId="FFB8FF80FF9CE002FFE4BE01C85C8F73" masterDocTitle="Description of a new species of the genus Leporinus Spix (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from the rio Araguaia, Brazil, with comments on the taxonomy and distribution of L. parae and L. lacustris" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="45" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1630683799040" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Description of a new species of the genus Leporinus Spix (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from the rio Araguaia, Brazil, with comments on the taxonomy and distribution of L. parae and L. lacustris</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Britski, Heraldo A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Birindelli, José L. O.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2008</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2008-03-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>6</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>45</mods:start>
<mods:end>45</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1679-62252008000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;tlng=en</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1590/S1679-62252008000100005</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5419794</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038187F8FF9DE001FEF3BA3CCB238D4F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038187F8FF9DE001FEF3BA3CCB238D4F" lastPageId="3" pageId="1">
<subSubSection box="[279,620,1085,1109]" pageId="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="1.[279,620,1085,1141]" box="[279,620,1085,1109]" pageId="1">
<heading box="[279,620,1085,1109]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[279,620,1085,1109]" pageId="1">
<taxonomicName authority="Britski &amp; Birindelli, 2008" authorityName="Britski &amp; Birindelli" authorityYear="2008" box="[279,479,1085,1109]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venerei" status="new species">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[279,479,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="1">Leporinus venerei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[490,620,1086,1109]" pageId="1" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[421,478,1118,1141]" pageId="1" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="1.[279,620,1085,1141]" box="[421,478,1118,1141]" pageId="1">
<figureCitation box="[421,478,1118,1141]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,175,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,267,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-112@2.[164,1420,267,1836]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Photograph in lateral view of (a) Leporinus venerei (holotype, MZUSP 93124, 113.3 mm SL), (b) Leporinus parae (MZUSP 48445, 111.9 mm SL), and (c) Leporinus lacustris (MZUSP 48414, 95.0 mm SL)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5419796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5419796/files/figure.png" pageId="1">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="1.[129,772,1181,1576]" pageId="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2006-10-24" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="P. C. Venere &amp; C. E. de Melo." latitude="-11.583333" location="Lake in Fazenda Entre-Rios" longLatPrecision="1295" longitude="-50.666668" municipality="Sao Felix" pageId="1" specimenCode="MZUSP 93124" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,223,1181,1202]" pageId="1">
<typeStatus box="[129,223,1181,1202]" pageId="1">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCode box="[234,379,1181,1202]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1">MZUSP 93124</specimenCode>
(
<quantity box="[391,488,1181,1202]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.133" pageId="1" unit="mm" value="113.3">113.3 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<collectingRegion box="[540,666,1181,1202]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="1">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[674,767,1181,1202]" pageId="1">São Felix</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038187F8FF9DE001FEF3BA3CCB238D4F:8EF76035FF9DE003FF65BABBC9C08BBC" box="[129,412,1210,1231]" latitude="-11.583333" longLatPrecision="1295" longitude="-50.666668" municipality="Sao Felix" name="Lake in Fazenda Entre-Rios" pageId="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Lake in Fazenda Entre-Rios</location>
(approx. 
<geoCoordinate box="[509,582,1210,1231]" degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" precision="925" value="-11.583333">11º35’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[591,682,1210,1231]" degrees="50" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" precision="925" value="-50.666668">50º40’W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date pageId="1" value="2006-10-24">
<collectingDate pageId="1" value="2006-10-24">24 Oct 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName box="[190,309,1239,1260]" pageId="1">P. C. Venere</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[339,481,1239,1260]" pageId="1">C. E. de Melo.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[129,772,1181,1576]" pageId="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2006-10-24" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="P. C. Venere &amp; C. E. de Melo." latitude="-11.583333" location="Lake in Fazenda Entre-Rios" longLatPrecision="1295" longitude="-50.666668" municipality="Sao Felix" pageId="1" specimenCode="MZUSP 93123" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,233,1267,1288]" pageId="1">
<typeStatus box="[129,233,1267,1288]" pageId="1">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCode box="[245,393,1267,1288]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1">MZUSP 93123</specimenCode>
(8, 
<quantity box="[431,580,1267,1288]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.415" metricValueMax="10.58" metricValueMin="8.25" pageId="1" unit="mm" value="94.15" valueMax="105.8" valueMin="82.5">82.5-105.8 mm</quantity>
SL), collected with holotype
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2005-07-25" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="C. Chamon &amp; L. Sousa &amp; M. Melo &amp; L. Souza" county="Aruana" latitude="-14.758333" location="Aruana" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-50.630554" municipality="Fazenda Sobrado" pageId="1" specimenCode="MZUSP 92027" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Goias" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode box="[226,373,1296,1317]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1">MZUSP 92027</specimenCode>
(3, 103.1- 
<quantity box="[472,572,1296,1317]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" pageId="1" unit="mm" value="114.3">114.3 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<collectingRegion box="[625,684,1296,1317]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="1">Goias</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty box="[693,767,1296,1317]" pageId="1">Aruanã</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[129,306,1325,1346]" pageId="1">Fazenda Sobrado</collectingMunicipality>
, pool at margin of road between 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038187F8FF9DE001FEF3BA3CCB238D4F:8EF76035FF9DE003FD69BB2CCA898A31" box="[653,725,1325,1346]" county="Aruana" latitude="-14.758333" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-50.630554" municipality="Fazenda Sobrado" name="Aruana" pageId="1" stateProvince="Goias">Aruanã</location>
and 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038187F8FF9DE001FEF3BA3CCB238D4F:8EF76035FF9DE003FF65BB4BC8B98A2C" box="[129,229,1354,1375]" county="Aruana" latitude="-14.758333" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-50.630554" municipality="Fazenda Sobrado" name="Cocalinho" pageId="1" stateProvince="Goias">Cocalinho</location>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[242,355,1354,1375]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-14.758333">14º45’30&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[361,486,1354,1375]" degrees="50" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" precision="15" seconds="50" value="-50.630554">50º37’50&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date box="[502,619,1354,1375]" pageId="1" value="2005-07-25">
<collectingDate box="[502,619,1354,1375]" pageId="1" value="2005-07-25">25 Jul 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName box="[628,741,1354,1375]" pageId="1">C. Chamon</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName pageId="1">L. Sousa</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[201,288,1383,1404]" pageId="1">M. Melo</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[324,416,1383,1404]" pageId="1">L. Souza</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1995-07-06" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="P. C. Venere &amp; C. E. Melo" county="Araguaiana" latitude="-15.716666" location="Cacimbas" longLatPrecision="1284" longitude="-51.85" municipality="Corrego" pageId="1" specimenCode="MZUSP 93125" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode box="[426,576,1383,1404]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1">MZUSP 93125</specimenCode>
(3, 
<quantity box="[619,771,1383,1404]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.93" metricValueMax="10.64" metricValueMin="9.22" pageId="1" unit="mm" value="99.3" valueMax="106.4" valueMin="92.2">92.2-106.4 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<collectingRegion box="[175,300,1411,1432]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="1">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty box="[306,419,1411,1432]" pageId="1">Araguaiana</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[427,505,1411,1432]" pageId="1">Córrego</collectingMunicipality>
and 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038187F8FF9DE001FEF3BA3CCB238D4F:8EF76035FF9DE003FDC0BB82CADE8AEB" box="[548,642,1411,1432]" county="Araguaiana" latitude="-15.716666" longLatPrecision="1284" longitude="-51.85" municipality="Corrego" name="Cacimbas" pageId="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Cacimbas</location>
(borrow pits) at 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038187F8FF9DE001FEF3BA3CCB238D4F:8EF76035FF9DE003FF7CBBA1C9048AC6" box="[152,344,1440,1461]" county="Araguaiana" latitude="-15.716666" longLatPrecision="1284" longitude="-51.85" municipality="Corrego" name="Fazenda do Italiano" pageId="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Fazenda do Italiano</location>
(approx. 
<geoCoordinate box="[437,515,1440,1461]" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" precision="925" value="-15.716666">15º43’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[521,611,1440,1461]" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" precision="925" value="-51.85">51º51’W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date box="[628,745,1440,1461]" pageId="1" value="1995-07-06">
<collectingDate box="[628,745,1440,1461]" pageId="1" value="1995-07-06">06 Jul 1995</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName pageId="1">P. C. Venere</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[259,371,1469,1490]" pageId="1">C. E. Melo</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1992-06-30" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="P. C. Venere &amp; C. E. Melo" county="Araguaiana" latitude="-15.25" location="rio Pindaiba" longLatPrecision="1285" longitude="-51.75" municipality="Ribeirao Dois de Agosto" pageId="1" specimenCode="MZUSP 93122" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode box="[381,530,1469,1490]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1">MZUSP 93122</specimenCode>
(6, 
<quantity box="[570,721,1469,1490]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.168" metricValueMax="1.355" metricValueMin="0.9809999999999999" pageId="1" unit="mm" value="116.8" valueMax="135.5" valueMin="98.1">98.1-135.5 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<collectingRegion box="[129,255,1498,1519]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="1">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty box="[262,376,1498,1519]" pageId="1">Araguaiana</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[385,622,1498,1519]" pageId="1">Ribeirão Dois de Agosto</collectingMunicipality>
, tributary of 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038187F8FF9DE001FEF3BA3CCB238D4F:8EF76035FF9DE003FD0CBBDBC8858978" county="Araguaiana" latitude="-15.25" longLatPrecision="1285" longitude="-51.75" municipality="Ribeirao Dois de Agosto" name="rio Pindaiba" pageId="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">rio Pindaíba</location>
, rio das 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038187F8FF9DE001FEF3BA3CCB238D4F:8EF76035FF9DE003FECFBBF7C92C8978" box="[299,368,1526,1547]" county="Araguaiana" latitude="-15.25" longLatPrecision="1285" longitude="-51.75" municipality="Ribeirao Dois de Agosto" name="Mortes" pageId="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Mortes</location>
drainage (approx. 
<geoCoordinate box="[554,632,1526,1547]" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" precision="925" value="-15.25">15º15’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[638,729,1526,1547]" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" precision="925" value="-51.75">51º45’W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date pageId="1" value="1992-06-30">
<collectingDate pageId="1" value="1992-06-30">30 Jun 1992</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName box="[230,349,1555,1576]" pageId="1">P. C. Venere</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[380,489,1555,1576]" pageId="1">C. E. Melo</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="1.[129,772,1617,2040]" pageId="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,247,1617,1640]" pageId="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Britski &amp; Birindelli" authorityYear="2008" box="[253,448,1617,1640]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venerei">
<emphasis box="[253,448,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="1">Leporinus venerei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from its congeners by having 4 teeth on the premaxilla and 3 teeth on the dentary yielding the dental formula 4/3 (
<emphasis box="[540,569,1684,1707]" italics="true" pageId="1">vs.</emphasis>
3/3, 3/4 or 4/ 
<quantity box="[703,740,1684,1707]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="1" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
all other species of 
<taxonomicName box="[305,414,1717,1740]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[305,414,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="1">Leporinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Britski &amp; Birindelli" authorityYear="2008" box="[437,633,1717,1740]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venerei">
<emphasis box="[437,633,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="1">Leporinus venerei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also diagnosed by the following combination of non-unique characteristics: presence of 36-37 pored scales in the lateral line, 4 scales in transversal series from origin of dorsal fin to lateral line and 4.5 to 5 scales from lateral line to base of pelvic fin; 16 series of scales around caudal peduncle; three round dark blotches on lateral line, the first at vertical through dorsal fin, the second at vertical through adipose-fin origin and the third at base of caudal peduncle (the latter two blotches, particularly the last one, usually small or inconspicuous).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[809,1451,261,508]" pageId="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,968,261,284]" pageId="1">Comparisons.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Eigenmann, 1907" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1907" box="[978,1366,261,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parae">
<emphasis box="[978,1160,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="1">Leporinus parae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Eigenmann, C" box="[1170,1366,261,284]" pageId="1" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref7845" refString="Eigenmann, C. H. &amp; F. Ogle. 1907. An annotated list of characin fishes in the United States National Museum and the Museum of Indiana University, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States Natural Museum, 33: 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1907">Eigenmann, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName authority="Campos, 1945" authorityName="Campos. The" authorityYear="1945" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacustris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1">L. lacustris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Campos, A" box="[909,1067,293,316]" pageId="1" pagination="141 - 158" refId="ref7763" refString="Campos, A. A. 1945. Contribuicao ao estudo das especies brasileiras do genero Leporinus. Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 5 (16): 141 - 158." type="journal article" year="1945">Campos, 1945</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, are most similar in overall appearance (body shape and coloration) to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Britski &amp; Birindelli" authorityYear="2008" box="[1227,1340,325,348]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venerei">
<emphasis box="[1227,1340,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="1">L. venerei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but both species have dental formula 4/4 (
<emphasis box="[1159,1189,357,380]" italics="true" pageId="1">vs.</emphasis>
4/ 
<quantity box="[1217,1255,357,380]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="1" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Britski &amp; Birindelli" authorityYear="2008" box="[1261,1367,357,380]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venerei">
<emphasis box="[1261,1367,357,380]" italics="true" pageId="1">L. venerei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). In addition 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1907" box="[878,969,389,412]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parae">
<emphasis box="[878,969,389,412]" italics="true" pageId="1">L. parae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 38 to 41 and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Campos. The" authorityYear="1945" box="[1154,1275,389,413]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacustris">
<emphasis box="[1154,1275,389,413]" italics="true" pageId="1">L. lacustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
33 to 35 lateralline scales (
<emphasis box="[934,964,421,444]" italics="true" pageId="1">vs.</emphasis>
<quantity box="[969,1059,421,444]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.271" metricValueMax="9.398" metricValueMin="9.144" pageId="1" unit="in" value="36.5" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="36.0">36-37 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Britski &amp; Birindelli" authorityYear="2008" box="[1064,1171,421,444]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venerei">
<emphasis box="[1064,1171,421,444]" italics="true" pageId="1">L. venerei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1907" box="[1230,1320,421,444]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parae">
<emphasis box="[1230,1320,421,444]" italics="true" pageId="1">L. parae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 5 scales in transverse series from lateral line to dorsal-fin origin (
<emphasis box="[1404,1433,453,476]" italics="true" pageId="1">vs.</emphasis>
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="1" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Britski &amp; Birindelli" authorityYear="2008" box="[835,941,485,508]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venerei">
<emphasis box="[835,941,485,508]" italics="true" pageId="1">L. venerei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" pageId="1" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="1.[809,1452,549,1596]" pageId="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,949,549,572]" pageId="1">Description.</emphasis>
See 
<tableCitation box="[997,1075,549,572]" captionStart="Table1" captionStartId="1.[811,877,1658,1681]" captionText="Table1. Morphometric data of Leporinus venerei." pageId="1">Table 1</tableCitation>
for morphometric data of 21 examined specimens and 
<figureCitation box="[1021,1082,581,604]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,175,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,267,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-112@2.[164,1420,267,1836]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Photograph in lateral view of (a) Leporinus venerei (holotype, MZUSP 93124, 113.3 mm SL), (b) Leporinus parae (MZUSP 48445, 111.9 mm SL), and (c) Leporinus lacustris (MZUSP 48414, 95.0 mm SL)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5419796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5419796/files/figure.png" pageId="1">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
for lateral view of 
<typeStatus box="[1282,1380,581,604]" pageId="1">holotype</typeStatus>
. Small sized species for genus 
<taxonomicName box="[1069,1178,613,636]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1069,1178,613,636]" italics="true" pageId="1">Leporinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, largest examined specimen 
<quantity box="[864,975,645,668]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.355" pageId="1" unit="mm" value="135.5">135.5 mm</quantity>
SL. Body rather elevated and compressed. Dorsal profile straight from anterodorsal portion of snout to posterior tip of supraoccipital; straight or very slightly convex from that point to dorsal-fin origin; straight along dorsalfin base; slightly convex or straight from dorsal-fin base to adipose fin and slightly concave from adipose fin to caudalfin origin. Ventral profile slightly convex from tip of lower jaw to pelvic-fin insertion, (convexity less pronounced below branchial region in some specimens); straight from pelvic-fin base to anal-fin origin; straight at anal-fin base and concave from anal fin to caudal fin. Greatest body depth at origin of dorsal fin. Head somewhat compressed; mouth terminal, anterior opening of mouth positioned at horizontal bisecting eye.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[809,1452,549,1596]" pageId="1">
Premaxillary with four teeth diminishing in size laterally from the symphyseal tooth. Dentary with three teeth also decreasing in size laterally. Teeth on both jaws of stair-step 
<typeStatus box="[1391,1439,1125,1148]" pageId="1">type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[809,1452,549,1596]" pageId="1">Dorsal-fin rays ii+11* or iii+11; dorsal-fin origin slightly in front of vertical through pelvic-fin origin; dorsal-fin base extending through seven or eight scales. Pectoral-fin rays i+13, 14* or 15; pectoral fin extending to third or fourth scale anterior to pelvic-fin base. Pelvic-fin rays i+8; pelvic fin extending to four or five scale posterior to fin base. Anal-fin rays ii-9 or iii+9*; anal fin clearly surpassing base of lower caudal-fin rays; distal margin of anal fin straight or slightly convex. Length of last anal fin ray 26 to 47% (mean 36%) length of first branched anal-fin ray. Caudal-fin rays i+17+i; caudal fin forked, upper lobe slightly more developed than lower lobe. Vertebrae 34 (n=4) to 35 (3).</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[809,1452,549,1596]" pageId="1">Scales with few radii (5-7). Lateral line complete with 36 (5) to 37* (13) perforated scales; transversal series with 4 (21)</paragraph>
<caption box="[811,1347,1658,1681]" pageId="1" startId="1.[811,877,1658,1681]">
<paragraph blockId="1.[811,1347,1658,1681]" box="[811,1347,1658,1681]" pageId="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[811,900,1658,1681]" pageId="1">Table 1.</emphasis>
Morphometric data of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Britski &amp; Birindelli" authorityYear="2008" box="[1146,1339,1658,1681]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venerei">
<emphasis box="[1146,1339,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="1">Leporinus venerei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="1">
<table box="[814,1441,1708,2049]" gridcols="6" gridrows="14" pageId="1">
<tr box="[814,1441,1708,1727]" gridrow="0" pageId="1" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[1062,1084,1708,1727]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="1">n</td>
<td box="[1099,1148,1708,1727]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="1">Mean</td>
<td box="[1169,1282,1708,1727]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="1">Range</td>
<td box="[1303,1341,1708,1727]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="1">SD</td>
<td box="[1362,1441,1708,1727]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="1">Holotype</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[814,1441,1736,1755]" gridrow="1" pageId="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td box="[814,1013,1736,1755]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="1">Standard length (mm)</td>
<td box="[1062,1084,1736,1755]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="1">21</td>
<td box="[1099,1148,1736,1755]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="1">102.5</td>
<td box="[1169,1282,1736,1755]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="1">82.5 - 135.5</td>
<td box="[1362,1441,1736,1755]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="1">113.3</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[814,1441,1760,1779]" gridrow="2" pageId="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[814,1013,1760,1779]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="1">Percentages of SL</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[814,1441,1785,1804]" gridrow="3" pageId="1">
<td box="[814,1013,1785,1804]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="1">Body depth</td>
<td box="[1062,1084,1785,1804]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="1">21</td>
<td box="[1099,1148,1785,1804]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="1">33.4</td>
<td box="[1169,1282,1785,1804]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="1">30.8 - 35.9</td>
<td box="[1303,1341,1785,1804]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="1">1.53</td>
<td box="[1362,1441,1785,1804]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="1">33.8</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[814,1441,1809,1828]" gridrow="4" pageId="1">
<td box="[814,1013,1809,1828]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="1">Caudal-peduncle depth</td>
<td box="[1062,1084,1809,1828]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="1">21</td>
<td box="[1099,1148,1809,1828]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="1">12.7</td>
<td box="[1169,1282,1809,1828]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="1">11.6 - 13.7</td>
<td box="[1303,1341,1809,1828]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="1">0.46</td>
<td box="[1362,1441,1809,1828]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="1">12.7</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[814,1441,1834,1853]" gridrow="5" pageId="1">
<td box="[814,1013,1834,1853]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="1">Head length</td>
<td box="[1062,1084,1834,1853]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="1">21</td>
<td box="[1099,1148,1834,1853]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="1">27.1</td>
<td box="[1169,1282,1834,1853]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="1">24.6 - 29.0</td>
<td box="[1303,1341,1834,1853]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="1">1.11</td>
<td box="[1362,1441,1834,1853]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="1">27.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[814,1441,1858,1877]" gridrow="6" pageId="1">
<td box="[814,1013,1858,1877]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="1">Predorsal distance</td>
<td box="[1062,1084,1858,1877]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="1">21</td>
<td box="[1099,1148,1858,1877]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="1">48.7</td>
<td box="[1169,1282,1858,1877]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="1">46.7 - 51.2</td>
<td box="[1303,1341,1858,1877]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="1">1.01</td>
<td box="[1362,1441,1858,1877]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="1">49.1</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[814,1441,1883,1902]" gridrow="7" pageId="1">
<td box="[814,1013,1883,1902]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="1">Preventral distance</td>
<td box="[1062,1084,1883,1902]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="1">21</td>
<td box="[1099,1148,1883,1902]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="1">52.4</td>
<td box="[1169,1282,1883,1902]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="1">50.4 - 54.4</td>
<td box="[1303,1341,1883,1902]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="1">1.12</td>
<td box="[1362,1441,1883,1902]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="1">52.8</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[814,1441,1907,1926]" gridrow="8" pageId="1">
<td box="[814,1013,1907,1926]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="1">Pectoral-fin length</td>
<td box="[1062,1084,1907,1926]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="1">20</td>
<td box="[1099,1148,1907,1926]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="1">18.3</td>
<td box="[1169,1282,1907,1926]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="1">16.8 - 19.5</td>
<td box="[1303,1341,1907,1926]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="1">0.66</td>
<td box="[1362,1441,1907,1926]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="1">18.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[814,1441,1932,1951]" gridrow="9" pageId="1">
<td box="[814,1013,1932,1951]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="1">Pelvic- fin length</td>
<td box="[1062,1084,1932,1951]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="1">21</td>
<td box="[1099,1148,1932,1951]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="1">20.0</td>
<td box="[1169,1282,1932,1951]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="1">17.8 - 22.0</td>
<td box="[1303,1341,1932,1951]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="1">0.91</td>
<td box="[1362,1441,1932,1951]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="1">19.9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[814,1441,1957,1976]" gridrow="10" pageId="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td box="[814,1013,1957,1976]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="1">Percentages of HL</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[814,1441,1981,2000]" gridrow="11" pageId="1">
<td box="[814,1013,1981,2000]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="1">Eye diameter</td>
<td box="[1062,1084,1981,2000]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="1">21</td>
<td box="[1099,1148,1981,2000]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="1">28.4</td>
<td box="[1169,1282,1981,2000]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="1">23.8 - 33.0</td>
<td box="[1303,1341,1981,2000]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="1">2.35</td>
<td box="[1362,1441,1981,2000]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="1">28.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[814,1441,2006,2025]" gridrow="12" pageId="1">
<td box="[814,1013,2006,2025]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="1">Snout length</td>
<td box="[1062,1084,2006,2025]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="1">21</td>
<td box="[1099,1148,2006,2025]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="1">38.6</td>
<td box="[1169,1282,2006,2025]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="1">35.9 - 40.8</td>
<td box="[1303,1341,2006,2025]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="1">1.47</td>
<td box="[1362,1441,2006,2025]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="1">38.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[814,1441,2030,2049]" gridrow="13" pageId="1">
<td box="[814,1013,2030,2049]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="1">Interorbital distance</td>
<td box="[1062,1084,2030,2049]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="1">21</td>
<td box="[1099,1148,2030,2049]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="1">48.4</td>
<td box="[1169,1282,2030,2049]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="1">43.0 - 53.4</td>
<td box="[1303,1341,2030,2049]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="1">3.01</td>
<td box="[1362,1441,2030,2049]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="1">46.0</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[633,1459,181,205]" box="[633,1459,181,205]" pageId="2">
<emphasis box="[633,955,181,203]" italics="true" pageId="2">H. A. Britski &amp; J. L. O. Birindelli</emphasis>
47
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5419796" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5419796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5419796/files/figure.png" pageId="2" startId="2.[136,175,1862,1885]" targetBox="[164,1420,267,1836]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,1459,1862,1917]" pageId="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,207,1862,1885]" pageId="2">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
Photograph in lateral view of (a) 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Britski &amp; Birindelli" authorityYear="2008" box="[574,769,1862,1885]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venerei">
<emphasis box="[574,769,1862,1885]" italics="true" pageId="2">Leporinus venerei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(holotype, MZUSP 93124, 113.3 mm SL), (b) 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1907" box="[1279,1459,1862,1885]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parae">
<emphasis box="[1279,1459,1862,1885]" italics="true" pageId="2">Leporinus parae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MZUSP 48445, 111.9 mm SL), and (c) 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Campos. The" authorityYear="1945" box="[547,748,1893,1917]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacustris">
<emphasis box="[547,748,1893,1917]" italics="true" pageId="2">Leporinus lacustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MZUSP 48414, 95.0 mm SL).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,779,1954,2041]" lastBlockId="2.[816,1451,1954,2041]" pageId="2">scales from dorsal-fin origin to lateral line and 4.5 (6) to 5* (15) scales from lateral line to pelvic-fin base; 9, 10* or 11 predorsal scales; 10 to 12* scales in median dorsal row between dorsal fin and adipose fin; 7* or 8 scales in median dorsal row between adipose fin and caudal fin; 14 to 18* prepelvic scales; 9, 10* or 11 scales in median ventral row</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,1051,180,205]" lastBlockId="3.[129,771,261,380]" pageId="3">
48 Description of a new species of the genus 
<taxonomicName box="[952,1051,181,202]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[952,1051,181,202]" italics="true" pageId="3">Leporinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
between pelvic fin and anus; 1, 2* or 3 scales in median ventral row between anus and anal fin; 6 to 7* scales in median ventral row between anal fin and caudal fin; 16 horizontal scale rows around caudal peduncle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,772,421,1212]" pageId="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,367,421,444]" pageId="3">Coloration in alcohol</emphasis>
. Overall ground color tan. Dorsal surface of head with small, dark-brown chromatophores uniformly scattered or concentrated in some areas, forming faint transverse bars: one at level of nares, another at level of interorbital space and sometimes a, barely visible pair of bars, each one starting on the lateral portion of posterior bar and extending anteriorly into interorbital area. Lateral and ventral surfaces of head pale, without chromatophores, except the bright silver opercular series; sometimes with a black blotch on its ventral portion. Body gradually darker from lateral line dorsally. Three dark blotches on lateral line: first blotch at vertical through posterior half of dorsal-fin base; second at level of the fifth or sixth scale anterior to adipose fin base and third at base of caudal peduncle; only first blotch usually conspicuous; second and third blotches generally reduced in size, faded or, occasionally, completely absent. Brown chromatophores bordering posterior edge of each scale giving a relatively gray reticulated aspect to body ground coloration. Some individuals with faint transverse bars on dorsum occasionally extended onto ventral portion of body. With exception of anal and adipose, remaining fins nearly hyaline with few chromatophores along margins of rays; anal fin dark brown, sometimes with whitish areas along its posterior margin; adipose fin usually whitish near base and dark brown distally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="3.[809,1451,261,348]" pageId="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,957,261,284]" pageId="3">Distribution.</emphasis>
The new species is only known from the rio Araguaia basin in 
<collectingRegion box="[1011,1152,293,316]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="3">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion box="[1208,1271,293,316]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="3">Goiás</collectingRegion>
states in central 
<collectingCountry box="[809,872,325,348]" name="Brazil" pageId="3">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(see 
<figureCitation box="[923,983,325,348]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[129,168,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[129,771,1262,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-642@3.[129,771,1262,1900]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Map of South America, showing the distribution of Leporinus venerei (dots), Leporinus parae (triangles) and Leporinus lacustris (squares); open symbols indicates typelocalities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5419798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5419798/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[809,1451,389,444]" pageId="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,991,389,412]" pageId="3">Ecological note.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Britski &amp; Birindelli" authorityYear="2008" box="[999,1195,389,412]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venerei">
<emphasis box="[999,1195,389,412]" italics="true" pageId="3">Leporinus venerei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in lentic environments such as lagoons or borrow pits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="3.[809,1451,485,572]" pageId="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,935,485,508]" pageId="3">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Britski &amp; Birindelli" authorityYear="2008" box="[1045,1121,485,508]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Anostomidae" genus="Leporinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venerei">
<emphasis box="[1045,1121,485,508]" italics="true" pageId="3">venerei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is given in honor to Paulo 
<collectingRegion box="[1391,1451,485,508]" country="Colombia" name="Cesar" pageId="3">Cesar</collectingRegion>
Venere who collected the first known specimens of this new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>