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190 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.7717/peerj.9431" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6dd87e4c-4425-49d4-939e-265b2759830f" ID-PMC="PMC7354842" ID-PubMed="32714660" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4624210" approvalRequired="3" approvalRequired_for_document="2" approvalRequired_for_treatments="1" checkinTime="1594574160579" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Castello-Branco, Cristiana, Collins, Allen G. & Hajdu, Eduardo" docDate="2020" docId="038187DB2E183E5BA5D09F76A8F58A01" docLanguage="en" docName="peerj-9431.pdf" docOrigin="PeerJ 8" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9431" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Poliopogon amadou Thomson 1877" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FFB8FFA32E1B3E5EA4229A67AC798F16" masterDocTitle="A collection of hexactinellids (Porifera) from the deep South Atlantic and North Pacific: new genus, new species and new records" masterLastPageNumber="e 9431" masterPageNumber="e 9431" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1668138818163" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A collection of hexactinellids (Porifera) from the deep South Atlantic and North Pacific: new genus, new species and new records</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Castello-Branco, Cristiana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Collins, Allen G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hajdu, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PeerJ</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2020-07-09</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>8</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9431</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.7717/peerj.9431</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PMC">PMC7354842</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PubMed">32714660</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4624210</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4624246" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170597758" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4624246" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038187DB2E183E5BA5D09F76A8F58A01" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038187DB2E183E5BA5D09F76A8F58A01" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection box="[498,936,1297,1324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[498,936,1297,1364]" box="[498,936,1297,1324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomson (1877)" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1877" box="[498,936,1297,1324]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Poliopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amadou">
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<emphasis box="[498,730,1297,1323]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Poliopogon amadou</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Thomson CW" box="[738,936,1297,1324]" journalOrPublisher="Challenger" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1876" part="1873" refId="ref11762" refString="Thomson CW. 1877. The voyage of the " Challenger ": the Atlantic, a preliminary account of the general results of the exploring voyage of H. M. S - " Challenger " during the year 1873 and the early part of the year 1876. Vol. 1. London: Macmillan and Co., 424." title="The voyage of the " Challenger ": the Atlantic, a preliminary account of the general results of the exploring voyage of H. M. S" type="journal article" year="1877">Thomson (1877)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[498,670,1336,1364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[498,936,1297,1364]" box="[498,670,1336,1364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[508,584,1336,1364]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[524,589,1088,1110]" captionTargetBox="[498,1541,234,1075]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[498,1534,234,1060]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2 Poliopogon amadou specimen (MNRJ 17629). (A–C) Specimen in situ, (B and C) holotype; (D) Detail of skeleton meshes (200 mm). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9431/fig-2" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4624214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4624214/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation box="[646,660,1337,1364]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[524,589,1438,1460]" captionTargetBox="[498,1541,234,1425]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[498,1534,234,1409]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3 Spicules of Poliopogon amadou. (A) Anchorate basalium detail; (B) uncinate; (C and D) uncinates ends; (E) clavate monaxons detail; (F) Choanosomal pentactin; (G) pinular pentactin; (H) detail of pinular pentactin tangential rays; (I) microsclere pentactin; (J) microsclere hexactin; (K) micramphidisc; (L) mesamphidisc; (M) macramphidisc. Scales: (A) 100 mm; (B, C, D, F, I and L) 20 mm; (E) 2 mm; (G and J) 50 mm; (K) 10 mm; (M) 30 mm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9431/fig-3" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4624216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4624216/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[498,1542,1400,1546]" box="[498,723,1400,1427]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Examined Material</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[498,1542,1400,1546]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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MNRJ 17629, São Paulo Ridge, Southwest Atlantic (‘Shinkai’ submersible Dive 1335— sample 6(3), Iata Piúna Expedition, 28 29
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<emphasis box="[977,985,1479,1505]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">′</emphasis>
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53.88
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<emphasis box="[1048,1060,1479,1505]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">″</emphasis>
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S/41 39
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<emphasis box="[1151,1159,1479,1505]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">′</emphasis>
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11.88
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<emphasis box="[1221,1233,1479,1505]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">″</emphasis>
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W), 3,060 m depth, coll. A. Augustin, 26.IV.2013.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[498,1542,1580,1768]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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DESCRIPTION. Lophophytous sponge, semi-funnel to fan-shaped body, following
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<bibRefCitation author="Schulze FE" box="[498,667,1621,1648]" journalOrPublisher="M. S. ' Challenger ', Zoology" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 514" part="21" refId="ref11260" refString="Schulze FE. 1887. Report on the Hexactinellida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the scienti fi c results of the voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger ', Zoology 21: 1 - 514." title="Report on the Hexactinellida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the scienti fi c results of the voyage of H" type="journal article" year="1887">
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<emphasis box="[498,667,1621,1648]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Schulze (1887)</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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“leaf rolled up in a semi-funnel, with a concave gastral, and a convex external surface”. Specimen 173 mm long (including 12 mm long basalia), and 67 mm in diameter (adjacent to basalia), compressible and rough (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1151,1167,1701,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">fi</emphasis>
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g. 2). Basalia composed of broad tufts of anchoring spicules. Brown color in situ and after preservation in ethanol.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[498,1542,1802,1910]" lastBlockId="5.[498,1532,233,501]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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SKELETON AND SPICULES. Quadrangular framework composed of regular and pinular pentactins, where the latter have their pinular ray piercing the sponge inwards. Basalia with two-toothed smooth anchorates, 371–543 µm wide anchors; smooth monaxons with clavate distal ends (100–229 µm diameter), and sceptres with three-toothed distal ends (1,201–2,946 × 4–10 µm). Dermalia and atrialia consisting of smooth pentactins with conical ends forming quadrangular meshes (sagittal rays, 552–2,619 × 19–29 µm; tangential rays, 368–621 × 19–29 µm); pinular pentactins with pinular rays perpendicular to the plane of the quadrangular meshes (dermal—pinular ray 310–533 × 7–10 µm; tangential rays 77–126 µm; atrial – pinular ray 252–407 × 7–10 µm, tangential rays 58–97 µm). Uncinates in two size categories: macrouncinates (795–3,589 × 4–10 µm), and mesouncinates (76–192 × 1–2 µm). Microscleres include amphidiscs in three size categories: macramphidiscs with smooth shafts (116–261 µm long, umbel 38–72 × 43–77 µm height × width), mesamphidiscs (36–68 µm long, umbel 12–19 × 9–19 µm height × width), and micramphidiscs (21–36 µm long, umbel 7–14 × 7–12 µm length × width). The latter two with spined shafts. Microhexactines (diameter 81–127 µm, ray width 3–5 µm), micropentactines (diameter 74–146 µm, ray width 2–5 µm), rarely microstauractines of similar dimensions, all with spined rays (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1232,1248,473,499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fi</emphasis>
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g. 3). Rare hexadiscs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4624216" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4624216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4624216/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[524,589,1438,1460]" targetBox="[498,1541,234,1425]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[524,1517,1437,1577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[524,949,1437,1460]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Figure 3 Spicules of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1877" box="[742,943,1437,1459]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" genus="Poliopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amadou">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[742,943,1437,1459]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Poliopogon amadou</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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(A) Anchorate basalium detail; (B) uncinate; (C and D) uncinates ends; (E) clavate monaxons detail; (F) Choanosomal pentactin; (G) pinular pentactin; (H) detail of pinular pentactin tangential rays; (I) microsclere pentactin; (J) microsclere hexactin; (K) micramphidisc; (L) mesamphidisc; (M) macramphidisc. Scales: (A) 100
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1267,1280,1525,1547]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">m</emphasis>
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m; (B, C, D, F, I and L) 20
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[553,566,1555,1577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">m</emphasis>
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m; (E) 2
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[650,663,1555,1577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">m</emphasis>
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m; (G and J) 50
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[818,831,1555,1577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">m</emphasis>
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m; (K) 10
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[929,942,1555,1577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">m</emphasis>
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m; (M) 30
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1046,1059,1555,1577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">m</emphasis>
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m. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9431/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1471,1484,1555,1577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">fi</emphasis>
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g-3
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[498,1542,535,802]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. Former records from the Azores (
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<bibRefCitation author="Thomson CW" box="[1328,1506,536,562]" journalOrPublisher="London: Macmillan and Co" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref11742" refString="Thomson CW. 1873. The depths of the sea. London: Macmillan and Co., 527." title="The depths of the sea" type="book" year="1873">
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<emphasis box="[1328,1506,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thomson, 1873</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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), and the Canary Islands (
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<bibRefCitation author="Thomson CW" box="[778,951,576,602]" journalOrPublisher="Challenger" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1876" part="1873" refId="ref11762" refString="Thomson CW. 1877. The voyage of the " Challenger ": the Atlantic, a preliminary account of the general results of the exploring voyage of H. M. S - " Challenger " during the year 1873 and the early part of the year 1876. Vol. 1. London: Macmillan and Co., 424." title="The voyage of the " Challenger ": the Atlantic, a preliminary account of the general results of the exploring voyage of H. M. S" type="journal article" year="1877">
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<emphasis box="[778,951,576,602]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thomson, 1877</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Schulze FE" box="[964,1114,576,602]" journalOrPublisher="M. S. ' Challenger ', Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 514" part="21" refId="ref11260" refString="Schulze FE. 1887. Report on the Hexactinellida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the scienti fi c results of the voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger ', Zoology 21: 1 - 514." title="Report on the Hexactinellida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the scienti fi c results of the voyage of H" type="journal article" year="1887">
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<emphasis box="[964,1114,576,602]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Schulze, 1887</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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), 2,789–4,022 m deep (
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<bibRefCitation author="Tabachnick KR & Menshenina LL" editor="Hooper JNA & Van Soest RWM" journalOrPublisher="New York: Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1267 - 1280" refId="ref11689" refString="Tabachnick KR, Menshenina LL. 2002. Family Pheronematidae Gray, 1870. In: Hooper JNA, Van Soest RWM, eds. Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 2. New York: Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, 1267 - 1280." title="Family Pheronematidae Gray" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 2" year="2002">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tabachnick & Menshenina, 2002</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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). This is the
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[860,875,616,642]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fi</emphasis>
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rst
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[913,928,616,642]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fi</emphasis>
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nding of the species in the South Atlantic, where it is thus far only known from the São Paulo Ridge (SW Atlantic) (present paper), at 3,060 m depth. The single specimen collected was growing on basaltic rock with other sponges likely of the same species, albeit in very low densities. No epibiontic macro- or megafauna could be seen from the images obtained (
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<figureCitation box="[871,935,774,802]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[524,589,1088,1110]" captionTargetBox="[498,1541,234,1075]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[498,1534,234,1060]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2 Poliopogon amadou specimen (MNRJ 17629). (A–C) Specimen in situ, (B and C) holotype; (D) Detail of skeleton meshes (200 mm). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9431/fig-2" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4624214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4624214/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[498,1542,838,1303]" box="[498,600,838,865]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading bold="true" box="[498,600,838,865]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="0">Remarks</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[498,1542,838,1303]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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The single specimen collected by the Iata Piuna expedition matches the original description of
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<bibRefCitation author="Thomson CW" box="[669,860,917,944]" journalOrPublisher="Challenger" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1876" part="1873" refId="ref11762" refString="Thomson CW. 1877. The voyage of the " Challenger ": the Atlantic, a preliminary account of the general results of the exploring voyage of H. M. S - " Challenger " during the year 1873 and the early part of the year 1876. Vol. 1. London: Macmillan and Co., 424." title="The voyage of the " Challenger ": the Atlantic, a preliminary account of the general results of the exploring voyage of H. M. S" type="journal article" year="1877">
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<emphasis box="[669,860,917,944]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thomson (1877)</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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and redescription by
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<bibRefCitation author="Tabachnick KR & Menshenina LL" box="[1120,1518,917,944]" editor="Hooper JNA & Van Soest RWM" journalOrPublisher="New York: Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1267 - 1280" refId="ref11689" refString="Tabachnick KR, Menshenina LL. 2002. Family Pheronematidae Gray, 1870. In: Hooper JNA, Van Soest RWM, eds. Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 2. New York: Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, 1267 - 1280." title="Family Pheronematidae Gray" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 2" year="2002">
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<emphasis box="[1120,1518,917,944]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002)</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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. The latter authors mentioned that whereas macramphidiscs are clearly separable from the smaller amphidiscs, separation of second and third categories as mesamphidiscs and micramphidiscs is not always straightforward. It is not clear to us whether
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<bibRefCitation author="Tabachnick KR & Menshenina LL" editor="Hooper JNA & Van Soest RWM" journalOrPublisher="New York: Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1267 - 1280" refId="ref11689" refString="Tabachnick KR, Menshenina LL. 2002. Family Pheronematidae Gray, 1870. In: Hooper JNA, Van Soest RWM, eds. Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 2. New York: Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, 1267 - 1280." title="Family Pheronematidae Gray" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 2" year="2002">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tabachnick & Menshenina (2002)</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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were referring to every specimen as a rule, the holotype included.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[498,1542,838,1303]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Regardless, in our material the three categories were clearly separable, if not entirely on the basis of dimensions, but surely when the micromorphology of these microscleres was taken into account. The rare hexadiscs seen in our specimen had previously been reported from a single specimen from the Great Meteor Bank (29 58
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||
<emphasis box="[1187,1195,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">′</emphasis>
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51.560 4
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<emphasis box="[1286,1298,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">″</emphasis>
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N/28 29
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<emphasis box="[1396,1404,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">′</emphasis>
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12.645 6
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<emphasis box="[1495,1507,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">″</emphasis>
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W, 2,480–2,550 m depth;
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<bibRefCitation author="Tabachnick KR & Menshenina LL" box="[761,1147,1276,1303]" editor="Hooper JNA & Van Soest RWM" journalOrPublisher="New York: Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1267 - 1280" refId="ref11689" refString="Tabachnick KR, Menshenina LL. 2002. Family Pheronematidae Gray, 1870. In: Hooper JNA, Van Soest RWM, eds. Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 2. New York: Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, 1267 - 1280." title="Family Pheronematidae Gray" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 2" year="2002">
|
||
<emphasis box="[761,1147,1276,1303]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tabachnick & Menshenina, 2002</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |