165 lines
16 KiB
XML
165 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.836.30326" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7521dd07-c87e-46e4-b818-d9daf2741a93" ID-PMC="PMC6477872" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-836-15" ID-PubMed="31048958" ID-ZBK="0A4087DD0AD44D9CB5DE0A38639153F4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-836-15" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 836" ModsDocTitle="Revision of world Sphecomyia Latreille (Diptera, Syrphidae)" checkinTime="1555318534122" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="M. Moran, Kevin & H. Skevington, Jeffrey" docDate="2019" docId="08D5E6B2A50A890C4C5A4DD5955DA82A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 836: 15-79" docOrigin="ZooKeys 836" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.836.30326" docTitle="Sphecomyia metallica , stat. rev. and, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="D90FFFB8FFEFFF9DFFEBFF9E8C38FFC3" masterDocTitle="Revision of world Sphecomyia Latreille (Diptera, Syrphidae)" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1668167126027" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of world Sphecomyia Latreille (Diptera, Syrphidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>M. Moran, Kevin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>H. Skevington, Jeffrey</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>836</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>15</mods:start>
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<mods:end>79</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.836.30326</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.836.30326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-836-15</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">0A4087DD0AD44D9CB5DE0A38639153F4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0A4087DD0AD44D9CB5DE0A38639153F4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156200184" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:08D5E6B2A50A890C4C5A4DD5955DA82A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/08D5E6B2A50A890C4C5A4DD5955DA82A" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="21" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Bigot, 1882), stat. rev. and" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia metallica" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallica">Sphecomyia metallica (Bigot, 1882), stat. rev. and</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="21" pageNumber="36">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 2H, 4B, 16E, 17E, 18E, 26
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eurhinomallota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurhinomallota metallica" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallica">Eurhinomallota metallica</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Bigot, JMF" journalOrPublisher="Natur I Nort, Umea" pageId="40" pageNumber="55" url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/51820" year="1882">Bigot 1882</bibRefCitation>
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: 78. Type Locality:?California [see below] [UMO]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Brachymyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachymyia lupina" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupina">Brachymyia lupina</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Williston, SW" journalOrPublisher="University Studies of the University of Nebraska" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" url="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1477-4" year="1882 a">Williston 1882a</bibRefCitation>
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: 77. Type Locality: California. Syn. nov. [USNM]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eurhinomallota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurhinomallota lupina" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupina">Eurhinomallota lupina</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Williston, SW" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" pagination="299 - 332" title="Contribution to a monograph of the North American Syrphidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.40965" volume="20" year="1882 b">Williston 1882b</bibRefCitation>
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: 330.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Criorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Criorhina lupina" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupina">Criorhina lupina</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Williston, SW" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.40963" year="1886">Williston 1886</bibRefCitation>
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: 209 -
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<bibRefCitation author="Kertesz, K" journalOrPublisher="Museum Nationale Hungaricum, Budapest" pageId="42" pageNumber="57" title="Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. VII." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5147" year="1910">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kertész">Kertesz</normalizedToken>
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1910
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 288;
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<bibRefCitation author="Curran, CH" journalOrPublisher="Kansas University Science Bulletin" pageId="41" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 283" title="Contribution to a monograph of the American Syrphidae north of Mexico." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4391303" volume="15" year="1925">Curran 1925</bibRefCitation>
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f: 157;
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<bibRefCitation author="Byers, GW" journalOrPublisher="The University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="40" pageNumber="55" pagination="131 - 181" title="Catalogue of the types in the Snow Entomological Museum. Part III (Diptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.13345" volume="43" year="1962">Byers et al. 1962</bibRefCitation>
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: 167;
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<bibRefCitation author="Nayar, JL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="43" pageNumber="58" pagination="297 - 302" title="The Male Genitalia of Some Criorhina Meigen Species from North America (Diptera: Syrphidae)." url="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25006134" volume="76" year="1968">Nayar 1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 297; Cole and Schlinger 1969: 330;
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<bibRefCitation author="Telford, HS" journalOrPublisher="Melanderia" pageId="45" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 24" title="Records of flower flies (Syrphidae: Diptera) of Washington state." volume="22" year="1975">Telford 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 20.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia metallica" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallica">Sphecomyia metallica</taxonomicName>
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is not easily confused with any other congeneric as it is the only species which is long pilose and also completely pruinose on the scutum and scutellum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="36" type="redescription">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">Male. Body length: 9.2-13.2 mm. Wing length: 7.9-10.7 mm. Head. Face silver pruinose with shiny, black, medial vitta extending from oral margin to tubercle; frons broad, about as long as broad at antenna, as broad at vertex as at antenna, pale pilose and silver pruinose; vertex polygonal, slightly longer than broad, silver pruinose, with ocellar triangle pale pilose; postocular border silver; postocular and occipital pile pale; broadly dichoptic in male; antenna black, pale pilose, length of segments roughly in a 3:3:2 ratio.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">Thorax. Black; long pilose; postpronotum, scutum, scutellum, postalar callus, proepimeron, posterior anepisternum pale pilose; posterior katepisternum pale pilose with broadly separated patches; anterior anepimeron pale pilose; metasternum pale pilose; postpronotum, mesonotum, broad posterior margin of anepisternum, dorso-posterior corner of katepisternum and anepimeron silver pruinose.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">Legs. Foreleg black, except extreme apex of femur and anterior third of tibia reddish-yellow; mid and hind leg similar; tarsi not modified; leg pale pilose; hind coxa silver pruinose.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">Wing. Hyaline; wing completely microtrichose.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">Abdomen. Tergites and sternites shiny to sub-shiny, black with silver pruinosity as follows: tergite 1 completely silver pruinose; tergite 2 weakly silver pruinose; tergite 3 weakly silver pruinose along margins with thin, interrupted medial band; tergite 4 as tergite 3; sternites 1 to 4 completely silver pruinose; pile of abdomen long, pale.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">
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Male genitalia. Surstylus elongated, about
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<normalizedToken originalValue="2½">21/2</normalizedToken>
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times as long as broad, apex acute, with rounded curve, directed ventrally; pile on dorsal surface of surstylus, increasing in length posteriorly; minute spines on ventral surface and apical three-fourth of lateral inner and outer surface; basal fourth of the ventral surface of the surstylus produced into a lobe directed ventrally, with minute pubescence on ventral and lateral inner surface; cerci rounded, with conspicuous invagination on posterior border; aedeagus as in Fig. 2H.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="36" type="female">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">Female.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">Similar to male except normal sexual dimorphism and as follows: medial facial vittae extends past tubercle to terminate just below antenna.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">U.S.A.: California, Oregon (Fig. 26). Mostly restricted to California, with a short extension into coastal Oregon.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="36" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">
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Associated with lowland
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Arctostaphylos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arctostaphylos" order="Ericales" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Arctostaphylos</taxonomicName>
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Adans. sp., more commonly known as manzanitas or bearberries. The plant ranges from small shrubs to trees of over 6 m. It has small, clustered, bell-shaped, pink or white flowers. Also collected on flowers of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Grossulariaceae" genus="Ribes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ribes sanguineum" order="Saxifragales" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanguineum">Ribes sanguineum</taxonomicName>
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Pursh and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Grossulariaceae" genus="Ribes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ribes menziesii" order="Saxifragales" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Ribes menziesii</taxonomicName>
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Pursh. Due to their unusual flight period of December through mid-April, more research is necessary to reveal the true distribution of the species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="36" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">Although the type locality is listed as Mexico, the authors believe that the type is from current-day California as it was collected prior to 1848 when the state was still part of Mexico.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">
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Contrary to the previous treatment,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eurhinomallota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurhinomallota metallica" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallica">Eurhinomallota metallica</taxonomicName>
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Bigot, 1882 is senior to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Brachymyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachymyia lupina" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupina">Brachymyia lupina</taxonomicName>
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Williston, 1882.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bigot’s">Bigot's</normalizedToken>
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name was published in the bimonthly Bulletin de la
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Société">Societe</normalizedToken>
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entomologique de France in March of 1882.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Williston’s">Williston's</normalizedToken>
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name was published in the April 1882 issue of the Canadian Entomologist. The improper treatment arose because the Bulletin itself was obscure until recently, with the Annales de la
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Société">Societe</normalizedToken>
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entomologique de France, the annually published compilation, taken as the date of publication for many species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="36">
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The combination of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eurhinomallota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurhinomallota" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eurhinomallota</taxonomicName>
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with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphecomyia</taxonomicName>
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is supported by the type
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<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
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possession of all characters used to distinguish
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphecomyia</taxonomicName>
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from other
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Criorhinina" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" rank="subtribe" subtribe="Criorhinina">Criorhinina</taxonomicName>
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. This decision is further supported by molecular evidence showing a close relationship with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphecomyia</taxonomicName>
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, i.e., the present COI gene tree (Fig. 27) and a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Criorhinina" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" rank="subtribe" subtribe="Criorhinina">Criorhinina</taxonomicName>
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which will be presented in an upcoming paper. It is the authors opinion that combination with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphecomyia</taxonomicName>
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, as opposed to resurrecting the concept as a monotypic genus, serves to emphasize its relationship with the group.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |