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<mods:title id="819E6364BCAEA45E9AC274ED4D27E3F8">Coccolithophores in Polar Waters: HOL Revisited Papposphaera sagittifera HET and</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03EB512EFF91FF8DFFF47D8D9089B14C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12534990" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233767186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12534990" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EB512EFF91FF8DFFF47D8D9089B14C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB512EFF91FF8DFFF47D8D9089B14C" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
<subSubSection id="C358B3B3FF91FF8DFFF47D8D9123B0A2" box="[125,552,996,1023]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFDE038FF91FF8DFFF47D8D9123B0A2" blockId="11.[125,552,996,1023]" box="[125,552,996,1023]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B9363C2AFF91FF8DFFF47D8D9123B0A2" bold="true" box="[125,552,996,1023]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="4C429BBBFF91FF8DFFF47D8D9283B0A3" box="[125,392,996,1023]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Papposphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="sagittifera">
<emphasis id="B9363C2AFF91FF8DFFF47D8D921FB0A2" bold="true" box="[125,276,996,1023]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">P. sagittifera</emphasis>
cfr. HET
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1379FCBDFF91FF8DFE117D8C912BB0A2" box="[408,544,996,1022]" captionStart="Figs 2732" captionStartId="12.[132,175,1346,1368]" captionTargetBox="[150,1445,223,1308]" captionTargetId="figure-278@12.[150,1445,223,1311]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 2732. Papposphaera sagittifera cfr. HET. TEM whole mounts from the Antarctic (EPOS samples). 27 complete cell with flagella and a curled up haptonema; 28 high magnification of calyces (four-winged rosettes) from Fig. 27; 29 high magnification of calyx from Fig. 30; 30 complete cell with flagella and a curled up haptonema; 31 detail of central area calcification from the cell in Fig. 30; 32 details of rim structure from the cell shown in Fig. 30." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994332/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Figs 2732</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C358B3B3FF91FF8DFF2A7A7F9089B14C" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFDE038FF91FF8DFF2A7A7F924DB6AF" blockId="11.[125,772,1047,1940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
Material from the Weddell Sea
<collectionCode id="ED5378FDFF91FF8DFD927A7F9168B76D" box="[539,611,1047,1073]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">EPOS</collectionCode>
cruise seems in all major details to match the appearance of northern hemisphere
<taxonomicName id="4C429BBBFF91FF8DFE827A3592AAB72A" box="[267,417,1116,1142]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Papposphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="sagittifera">
<emphasis id="B9363C2AFF91FF8DFE827A3592AAB72A" box="[267,417,1116,1142]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">P. sagittifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The two complete cells (
<figureCitation id="1379FCBDFF91FF8DFD467A3493CDB7C5" captionStart="Figs 2732" captionStartId="12.[132,175,1346,1368]" captionTargetBox="[150,1445,223,1308]" captionTargetId="figure-278@12.[150,1445,223,1311]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 2732. Papposphaera sagittifera cfr. HET. TEM whole mounts from the Antarctic (EPOS samples). 27 complete cell with flagella and a curled up haptonema; 28 high magnification of calyces (four-winged rosettes) from Fig. 27; 29 high magnification of calyx from Fig. 30; 30 complete cell with flagella and a curled up haptonema; 31 detail of central area calcification from the cell in Fig. 30; 32 details of rim structure from the cell shown in Fig. 30." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994332/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Figs 27, 30</figureCitation>
) are flagellated and both with a curled up haptonema. The coccospheres comprise the usual mixture of coccoliths with central processes clustered around the flagella and towards the antapical pole. Other coccoliths are devoid of processes and much reminiscent of
<taxonomicName id="4C429BBBFF91FF8DFD3C7B6293C6B61A" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Papposphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="sagittifera">
<emphasis id="B9363C2AFF91FF8DFD3C7B6293C6B61A" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">P. sagittifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
body coccoliths in terms of central area calcification (
<figureCitation id="1379FCBDFF91FF8DFF5D7B279223B635" box="[212,296,1359,1385]" captionStart="Figs 2732" captionStartId="12.[132,175,1346,1368]" captionTargetBox="[150,1445,223,1308]" captionTargetId="figure-278@12.[150,1445,223,1311]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 2732. Papposphaera sagittifera cfr. HET. TEM whole mounts from the Antarctic (EPOS samples). 27 complete cell with flagella and a curled up haptonema; 28 high magnification of calyces (four-winged rosettes) from Fig. 27; 29 high magnification of calyx from Fig. 30; 30 complete cell with flagella and a curled up haptonema; 31 detail of central area calcification from the cell in Fig. 30; 32 details of rim structure from the cell shown in Fig. 30." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994332/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
) and the elaboration of the rim (
<figureCitation id="1379FCBDFF91FF8DFD167B2791FDB635" box="[671,758,1359,1385]" captionStart="Figs 2732" captionStartId="12.[132,175,1346,1368]" captionTargetBox="[150,1445,223,1308]" captionTargetId="figure-278@12.[150,1445,223,1311]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 2732. Papposphaera sagittifera cfr. HET. TEM whole mounts from the Antarctic (EPOS samples). 27 complete cell with flagella and a curled up haptonema; 28 high magnification of calyces (four-winged rosettes) from Fig. 27; 29 high magnification of calyx from Fig. 30; 30 complete cell with flagella and a curled up haptonema; 31 detail of central area calcification from the cell in Fig. 30; 32 details of rim structure from the cell shown in Fig. 30." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994332/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
). The calyx (
<figureCitation id="1379FCBDFF91FF8DFE8B7B199282B6D7" box="[258,393,1393,1419]" captionStart="Figs 2732" captionStartId="12.[132,175,1346,1368]" captionTargetBox="[150,1445,223,1308]" captionTargetId="figure-278@12.[150,1445,223,1311]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 2732. Papposphaera sagittifera cfr. HET. TEM whole mounts from the Antarctic (EPOS samples). 27 complete cell with flagella and a curled up haptonema; 28 high magnification of calyces (four-winged rosettes) from Fig. 27; 29 high magnification of calyx from Fig. 30; 30 complete cell with flagella and a curled up haptonema; 31 detail of central area calcification from the cell in Fig. 30; 32 details of rim structure from the cell shown in Fig. 30." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994332/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Figs 2829</figureCitation>
) is a flaring four-winged rosette similar to that described from Arctic
<taxonomicName id="4C429BBBFF91FF8DFDA37BFD93B3B68D" authority="HET. Each" authorityName="HET. Each" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Papposphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="sagittifera">
<emphasis id="B9363C2AFF91FF8DFDA37BFD91B4B6F2" box="[554,703,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">P. sagittifera</emphasis>
HET. Each
</taxonomicName>
wing has on the interior edge a marked step-wise reduction in size.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDE038FF91FF8DFF2A7B949089B14C" blockId="11.[125,772,1047,1940]" lastBlockId="11.[809,1455,223,528]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">
The identity of this material is still ascertained with some element of doubt. The Antarctic material is characterized by a large degree of coccosphere cohesiveness which means that the number of coccoliths that clearly display the central area calcification is rather limited. In those that are in fact exposed, such as
<figureCitation id="1379FCBDFF91FF8DFD5C78C19396B5BA" captionStart="Figs 2732" captionStartId="12.[132,175,1346,1368]" captionTargetBox="[150,1445,223,1308]" captionTargetId="figure-278@12.[150,1445,223,1311]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 2732. Papposphaera sagittifera cfr. HET. TEM whole mounts from the Antarctic (EPOS samples). 27 complete cell with flagella and a curled up haptonema; 28 high magnification of calyces (four-winged rosettes) from Fig. 27; 29 high magnification of calyx from Fig. 30; 30 complete cell with flagella and a curled up haptonema; 31 detail of central area calcification from the cell in Fig. 30; 32 details of rim structure from the cell shown in Fig. 30." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994332/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
, there is an unfamiliar element of skewness in the overall design that is unknown in northern hemisphere
<taxonomicName id="4C429BBBFF91FF8DFFF4797A921FB477" box="[125,276,1809,1835]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Papposphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="sagittifera">
<emphasis id="B9363C2AFF91FF8DFFF4797A921FB477" box="[125,276,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">P. sagittifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The bars are obviously tilted with reference to the primary axes of the coccolith. There is also towards one end of the coccolith a misplacement of elements that may at first sight appear random. However, these irregularities are in fact repeated also in the cell found earlier from the region (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD39DC9FF91FF8DFB317F6A96A1B240" author="Thomsen H. A. &amp; Buck K. R. &amp; Coale S. L. &amp; Garrison D. L." box="[1208,1450,258,284]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" pagination="419 - 436" refId="ref9330" refString="Thomsen H. A., Buck K. R., Coale S. L., Garrison D. L., Gow- ing M. M. (1988) Nanoplanktonic coccolithophorids (Prymne- siophyceae, Haptophyceae) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Nord. J. Bot. 8: 419 - 436" type="journal article" year="1988">
Thomsen
<emphasis id="B9363C2AFF91FF8DFAA47F6B966CB240" box="[1325,1383,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
1988
</bibRefCitation>
, loc. cit.
<figureCitation id="1379FCBDFF91FF8DFC077F4D971DB21C" box="[910,1046,293,320]" captionStart="Figs 3337" captionStartId="14.[132,175,1869,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-8@13.[125,1452,223,1935]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 3337. Turrisphaera sp. TEM whole mounts from the Antarctic (EPOS samples). 33 complete cell with flagella and haptonema; 34 whole cell at higher magnification showing the regular appearance of the tower-shaped holococcoliths; 3536 details of holococ- coliths showing the hexagonal crystallite plates; 37 complete cell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12534740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12534740/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">Figs 3537</figureCitation>
) which indicates that this may in fact be a typical feature of
<taxonomicName id="4C429BBBFF91FF8DFBE97F2097FEB23E" box="[1120,1269,328,354]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Papposphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="sagittifera">
<emphasis id="B9363C2AFF91FF8DFBE97F2097FEB23E" box="[1120,1269,328,354]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">P. sagittifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the southern hemisphere. A third reason for our hesitation to just right away identify this form as
<taxonomicName id="4C429BBBFF91FF8DFB287FE6963DB2FB" box="[1185,1334,397,423]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Papposphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="sagittifera">
<emphasis id="B9363C2AFF91FF8DFB287FE6963DB2FB" box="[1185,1334,397,423]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="44">P. sagittifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the fact the combination coccosphere also deviates from the northern hemisphere established standards (see further below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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