198 lines
14 KiB
XML
198 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720521" ID-GBIF-Dataset="92918ae4-0a1b-4294-862d-e726ecc071d1" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5720521" checkinTime="1633654429924" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03C6E250FFBEF058FFCCFDAD1BF5F7A7" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Moschidae_0336.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Moschus cupreus Grubb 1982" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="347" masterDocId="FFFF9A28FFBAF05CFFB1FFC61969FFC9" masterDocTitle="Moschidae" masterLastPageNumber="348" masterPageNumber="336" pageNumber="347" updateTime="1653410233005" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Moschidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>336</mods:start>
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<mods:end>348</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720521</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">92918ae4-0a1b-4294-862d-e726ecc071d1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-96553-77-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5720521</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720545" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190573077" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5720545" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C6E250FFBEF058FFCCFDAD1BF5F7A7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C6E250FFBEF058FFCCFDAD1BF5F7A7" lastPageNumber="347" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<subSubSection box="[125,158,619,665]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[124,1253,619,707]" box="[125,158,619,665]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<heading box="[125,158,619,665]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<figureCitation box="[125,158,619,665]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="2.[112,144,3394,3415]" captionTargetBox="[12,2754,13,3632]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="On following pages 3 Hrmalayan Musk-deer (Moschus Ieuoogaston, 4 Kashmır Musk-deer (Moschus cuprousl. 5 Black Musk-deer (Moschus fuscus) 6 Anhuı Musk-deer (Moschus ınhuıensısl, 7 Forest Musk-deer (Moschus berezovskıı)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6514072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6514072/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">4.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[175,582,619,665]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[124,1253,619,707]" box="[175,582,619,665]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<heading box="[175,582,619,665]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<vernacularName box="[175,582,619,665]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Kashmir Musk-deer</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[632,950,619,665]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[124,1253,619,707]" box="[632,950,619,665]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<heading box="[632,950,619,665]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Grubb" authorityYear="1982" box="[632,950,619,665]" class="Mammalia" family="Moschidae" genus="Moschus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cupreus">
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<emphasis box="[632,950,619,665]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Moschus cupreus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[125,1252,682,703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[124,1253,619,707]" box="[125,1252,682,703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<heading box="[125,1252,682,703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[125,202,682,703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[212,471,682,703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Porte-musc du Cachemire</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[493,584,682,703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[594,816,682,703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Kaschmir-Moschustier</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[837,928,682,703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[937,999,682,703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Ciervo</vernacularName>
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almizclero de Cachemira
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[741,1324,753,782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[741,1326,753,1174]" box="[741,1324,753,782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[741,895,753,782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Grubb, 1982" authorityName="Grubb" authorityYear="1982" box="[911,1320,753,782]" class="Mammalia" family="Moschidae" genus="Moschus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cupreus">Moschus cupreus Grubb, 1982</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[741,862,792,821]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[741,1326,753,1174]" box="[741,862,792,821]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3761237306" box="[741,862,792,821]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Kashmir.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="347" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[741,1326,753,1174]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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Initially considered to be a subspecies of the Alpine Musk-deer
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1839" box="[1118,1320,870,899]" class="Mammalia" family="Moschidae" genus="Moschus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysogaster">M. chrysogaster</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="347" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5720531" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5720531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5720531/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" targetBox="[124,716,758,1173]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[741,1326,753,1174]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[741,916,945,978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[929,1097,945,978]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion country="Afghanistan" name="Nuristan" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Nuristan Province</collectingRegion>
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) and Kashmir (NE
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<collectingCountry box="[1084,1198,984,1017]" name="Pakistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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and NW
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<collectingCountry box="[742,821,1025,1058]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">India</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="347" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[741,1326,753,1174]" lastBlockId="4.[125,1332,1181,2158]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[741,988,1063,1096]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 85-100 cm, tail 4-6 cm; weight 12-17 kg. Skull length is 15-15.
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<quantity box="[864,938,1141,1174]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
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. Gray brown, often vaguely spotted, with a conspicuous coppery reddish unspeckled dorsal “saddle”; rump very dark gray; underside light gray; throat white; lower segments of limbs whitish. Ears dark brown, white at base, with frosted rims. Hairs with long white bases; 33-38 mm long on withers, 37-58 mm on rump. As in Himalayan and Alpine Musk-deer, the lachrymal is longer than it is high.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="347" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[125,1332,1181,2158]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[126,237,1378,1411]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Musk-deer of what is probably this species live in conifer and oak forests at 1500-3000 m in
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<collectingRegion box="[369,492,1425,1450]" country="Afghanistan" name="Nuristan" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Nuristan</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[509,681,1425,1450]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
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. In
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<collectingCountry box="[742,859,1425,1450]" name="Pakistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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, they are known from subalpine shrub between
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<quantity box="[342,443,1460,1489]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
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and
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<quantity box="[514,616,1460,1489]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" unit="m" value="4000.0">4000 m</quantity>
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in Gilgit-Baltistan; in Dachigam National Park and elsewhere in Kashmir, it lives between
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<quantity box="[679,783,1496,1529]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.71" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" unit="m" value="2710.0">2710 m</quantity>
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and
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<quantity box="[861,967,1496,1529]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.11" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" unit="m" value="3110.0">3110 m</quantity>
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, and in Pir Panjal Range somewhat lower, between
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<quantity box="[493,593,1539,1568]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.53" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" unit="m" value="2530.0">2530 m</quantity>
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and
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<quantity box="[667,771,1539,1568]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" unit="m" value="2650.0">2650 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="347" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[125,1332,1181,2158]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,388,1578,1607]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Nothing is known about the way oflife ofthis species, but it is not likely to differ greatly from that of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1839" box="[613,795,1614,1647]" class="Mammalia" family="Moschidae" genus="Moschus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">M. leucogaster</taxonomicName>
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and relatives.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[127,498,1653,1686]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[125,1332,1181,2158]" box="[127,498,1653,1686]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,261,1653,1686]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Nothing known.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="347" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[125,1332,1181,2158]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[125,363,1692,1725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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No data available, but probably like related species, which tend to stay in more dense cover during the day, and use more open areas at night when they are more active.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="347" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[125,1332,1181,2158]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,825,1810,1843]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Nothing known, but probably similar to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1839" box="[210,392,1850,1883]" class="Mammalia" family="Moschidae" genus="Moschus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">M. leucogaster</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="347" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[125,1332,1181,2158]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[128,480,1889,1922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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CITES Appendix I. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Conservation measures are uncertain for this species given its limited range. The value of the musk suggests that conservation will require effective anti-poaching activity. It may occur in some protected areas in
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<collectingCountry box="[806,878,2007,2040]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">India</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[951,1069,2007,2040]" name="Pakistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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. The Government of
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<collectingCountry box="[164,331,2046,2079]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
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has listed
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Grubb" authorityYear="1982" box="[484,626,2046,2079]" class="Mammalia" family="Moschidae" genus="Moschus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cupreus">M. cupreus</taxonomicName>
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on their Protected Species List, banning all hunting and trading ofthis species in that country.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[129,668,2133,2158]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[125,1332,1181,2158]" box="[129,668,2133,2158]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,282,2133,2158]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Groves et al. (1995), Grubb (1982).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |