198 lines
17 KiB
XML
198 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7140b994-d67e-44a7-a4e1-daa7216c6b46" ID-PMC="PMC5784208" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-717-1" ID-PubMed="29391848" ID-ZBK="C19B43B1B3214CB1B1B2A246CEAC56BC" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-717-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 717" ModsDocTitle="Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)" checkinTime="1512083542653" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Korshunova, Tatiana, Martynov, Alexander, Bakken, Torkild, Evertsen, Jussi, Fletcher, Karin, Mudianta, I Wayan, Saito, Hiroshi, Lundin, Kennet, Michael Schroedl, & Picton, Bernard" docDate="2017" docId="7D14841AD6B2A44AE2EA36F7280D8364" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 717: 1-139" docOrigin="ZooKeys 717" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885" docTitle="Samlidae Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, Saito, Lundin, Schroedl & Picton, 2017, fam. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="6366D651-3069-49A2-8B2B-140894687F1A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFED910FFFF5FFC82005844DFFF1FFA8" masterDocTitle="Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)" masterLastPageNumber="139" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1668165142384" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Korshunova, Tatiana</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Martynov, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bakken, Torkild</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Evertsen, Jussi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fletcher, Karin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mudianta, I Wayan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Saito, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lundin, Kennet</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Michael Schroedl,</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Picton, Bernard</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>717</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>139</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-717-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C19B43B1B3214CB1B1B2A246CEAC56BC</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C19B43B1B3214CB1B1B2A246CEAC56BC</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="137581564" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6366D651-3069-49A2-8B2B-140894687F1A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D14841AD6B2A44AE2EA36F7280D8364" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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Family
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/6366D651-3069-49A2-8B2B-140894687F1A" class="Gastropoda" family="Samlidae" genus="Samlidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Samlidae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Samlidae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="54" pageNumber="55">fam. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Body narrow. Notum discontinuous. Cerata in separate clusters, on elevations. Rhinophores perfoliated. Anus pleuroproctic under the reduced notal edge or mixed (pleuroproctic in higher acleioproctic position). Distinct oral glands present, commonly penetrate below anterior cerata. Radula formula 1.1.1. Rachidian teeth usually with strong cusp, only rarely compressed by adjacent lateral denticles. Lateral teeth denticulated narrow or with attenuated process basally. Distal and proximal receptaculum seminis or only proximal receptaculum. Vas deferens usually short, with indistinct prostate. External permanent penial collar absent. Penis in many cases conical, narrow, always internal and unarmed.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="genera included">
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Genera included.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Samlidae" genus="Luisella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luisella" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Luisella</taxonomicName>
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gen. n.,
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Samlidae" genus="Samla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Samla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Samla</taxonomicName>
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Bergh, 1900.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Samlidae" genus="Samla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Samla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Samla</taxonomicName>
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and related taxa were invariably considered as synonyms of the traditional genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Flabellinidae" genus="Flabellina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flabellina" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Flabellina</taxonomicName>
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throughout all the recent history of nudibranch taxonomy (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation author="Gosliner, TM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="105 - 150" title="Description and revision of some South African aeolidacean Nudibranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda)." volume="84" year="1981">Gosliner and Griffiths 1981</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="McDonald, G" journalOrPublisher="Long Marine Laboratory, UC Santa Cruz" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" title="Nudibranch Systematic Index. Second edition." year="2009">McDonald 2009</bibRefCitation>
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). Previously it was listed sometimes as valid (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation author="Burn, RF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="10 - 22" title="Descriptions of Australian Eolidacea (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) 2. The genera Nossis, Eubranchus, Trinchesia, and Toorna." volume="1" year="1964">Burn 1964</bibRefCitation>
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) but without detailed discussion. However, the Indo-Pacific tropical genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Samlidae" genus="Samla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Samla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Samla</taxonomicName>
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differs morphologically from the
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<taxonomicName family="Flabellinidae" lsidName="" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="family">Flabellinidae</taxonomicName>
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s. str.
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<pageBreakToken pageId="55" pageNumber="56" start="start">in</pageBreakToken>
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the absence of compound stalks, often non-compressed cusp of the rachidian teeth, and also by having a short vas deferens. The present molecular phylogenetic analysis not only confirmed such disparate morphology from true
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<taxonomicName family="Flabellinidae" lsidName="" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="family">Flabellinidae</taxonomicName>
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, but also revealed a very profound problem: species of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Samlidae" genus="Samla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Samla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Samla</taxonomicName>
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and some related taxa are basal to the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Aeolidacea" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Aeolidacea">Aeolidacea</taxonomicName>
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as a whole and the major complex of aeolidacean families, including
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<taxonomicName family="Aeolidiidae" lsidName="" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="family">Aeolidiidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Facelinidae" lsidName="" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="family">Facelinidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Tergipedidae" lsidName="" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="family">Tergipedidae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName family="Eubranchidae" lsidName="" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="family">Eubranchidae</taxonomicName>
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, rendering the
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<taxonomicName family="Flabellinidae" lsidName="" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="family">Flabellinidae</taxonomicName>
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polyphyletic! Such topology with minor variations has appeared invariably on all trees obtained in the present analysis and was hinted at as soon as
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Flabellinidae" genus="Flabellina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flabellina babai" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="babai">Flabellina babai</taxonomicName>
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was sequenced (
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<bibRefCitation author="Carmona, L" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Molluscan Studies" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="417 - 422" title="A molecular approach to the phylogenetic status of the aeolid genus Babakina Roller, 1973 (Nudibranchia)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyr029" volume="77" year="2011">Carmona et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). This result is of great importance because it clearly implies that 1) Understanding of the real phylogenetic and taxonomic patterns of the traditional "
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<taxonomicName family="Flabellinidae" lsidName="" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="family">Flabellinidae</taxonomicName>
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" is possible only with inclusion of all major families of the nudibranch suborder
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Aeolidacea" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Aeolidacea">Aeolidacea</taxonomicName>
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in the analysis, as is performed in the present study, and 2) The traditional "
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<taxonomicName family="Flabellinidae" lsidName="" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="family">Flabellinidae</taxonomicName>
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" cannot be by any means maintained as single family, but must be separated into several smaller morphologically and molecularly consistent families (Fig. 2). Therefore, the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Samlidae" genus="Samla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Samla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Samla</taxonomicName>
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Bergh, 1900 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bergh, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="207 - 246" title="Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific (Schauinsland 1896 - 1897). Die Opisthobranchier." volume="13" year="1900 b">Bergh 1900b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Bergh, R" journalOrPublisher="Wissenschaftliche Resultate" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="119 - 181" title="Malacologische Untersuchungen. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen von Dr. Carl Gottfried Semper. Zweiter Theil." volume="9" year="1908">1908</bibRefCitation>
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) is resurrected and the new family
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<taxonomicName family="Samlidae" lsidName="" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="family">Samlidae</taxonomicName>
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is established here.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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Apart from the taxa that belong to the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Samlidae" genus="Samla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Samla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Samla</taxonomicName>
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, which are clustered in a compact clade (Figs 1, 2, 45) the species
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Flabellinidae" genus="Flabellina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flabellina babai" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="babai">Flabellina babai</taxonomicName>
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Schmekel, 1972 appears as a closely related clade.
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Flabellinidae" genus="Flabellina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flabellina babai" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="babai">Flabellina babai</taxonomicName>
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differs considerably from
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Samlidae" genus="Samla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Samla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Samla</taxonomicName>
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including the character of a distinct granulated prostate (
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<bibRefCitation author="Schmekel, L" journalOrPublisher="Pubblicacioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="316 - 327" title="Flabellinababai n. sp., ein neuer Aeolidier (Gastr. Nudibranchia) aus dem Mittelmeer." volume="38" year="1972">Schmekel 1972</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Schmekel, L" journalOrPublisher="Fauna e flora del Golfo di Napoli" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 410" title="Opisthobranchia des Mittelmeeres, Nudibranchia und Saccoglossa." volume="40" year="1982">Schmekel and Portmann 1982</bibRefCitation>
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), unique for the majority of the
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<taxonomicName family="Paracoryphellidae" lsidName="" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="family">Paracoryphellidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Coryphellidae" lsidName="" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="family">Coryphellidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName family="Flabellinidae" lsidName="" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="family">Flabellinidae</taxonomicName>
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. This feature is so far known only for the paracoryphellid genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Paracoryphellidae" genus="Chlamylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlamylla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Chlamylla</taxonomicName>
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, which is dramatically different from
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Flabellinidae" genus="Flabellina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flabellina babai" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="babai">Flabellina babai</taxonomicName>
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externally. Therefore, a new genus for
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<taxonomicName lsidName="F. babai" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="babai">F. babai</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Samlidae" genus="Luisella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luisella" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Luisella</taxonomicName>
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gen. n., is proposed here (see below).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |