849 lines
106 KiB
XML
849 lines
106 KiB
XML
<document id="E453979EE47B9CAA76DE7CC98CA4735F" ID-CLB-Dataset="206999" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5219.4.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69e6b4f5-8200-4929-8a3b-8aa7ec163bd7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7426754" ID-ZooBank="2062B968-EB5F-4B16-939F-E5D90DDB6B19" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1670836210519" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hedges, S. Blair" docDate="2022" docId="03FBF67C27385159FF7FFB11EDF6FE40" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5219.4.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5219 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Eleutherodactylus montserratae Hedges 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="384" masterDocId="FFC28E04273B5150FFE8FFFAEE12FFC9" masterDocTitle="A new species of frog from the Caribbean island of Montserrat (Eleutherodactylidae, Eleutherodactylus)" masterLastPageNumber="387" masterPageNumber="375" pageNumber="378" updateTime="1699413299666" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="59D933C81E556284092238487A64CA45">
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<mods:title id="05C1502883E590D3A53B217F0794489F">A new species of frog from the Caribbean island of Montserrat (Eleutherodactylidae, Eleutherodactylus)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CAC55EA1E2383C8C4052791CD75C49C8" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4BDA8C0C6E8D1BB1184C23FF75FC1D81">Hedges, S. Blair</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E4FD3E2B479FE147CB8A90F628605BFB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7E5F81D3390293779C4307191C3839BF">
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<mods:date id="755C22DA05FCDF465730B9E99119BA82">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3657CB983758A2D54DBE01C5A7288D39">2022-12-12</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FBF67C27385159FF7FFB11EDF6FE40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7428514" ID-GBIF-Taxon="206225097" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7428514" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FBF67C27385159FF7FFB11EDF6FE40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FBF67C27385159FF7FFB11EDF6FE40" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="384" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
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<subSubSection id="C34814E127385153FF7FFB11EC6DFACF" box="[151,639,1259,1286]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BED476A27385153FF7FFB11EC6DFACF" blockId="3.[151,639,1259,1358]" box="[151,639,1259,1286]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
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<heading id="D0A5F00627385153FF7FFB11EC6DFACF" bold="true" box="[151,639,1259,1286]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FF7FFB11EC6DFACF" bold="true" box="[151,639,1259,1286]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
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<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927385153FF7FFB11EC09FACF" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,539,1259,1286]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FF7FFB11EC09FACF" bold="true" box="[151,539,1259,1286]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Eleutherodactylus montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215260327385153FDCAFB16EC6DFACF" box="[546,639,1260,1286]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34814E127385153FF7FFAEAEFD1FAE3" box="[151,451,1296,1322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="8BED476A27385153FF7FFAEAEFD1FAE3" blockId="3.[151,639,1259,1358]" box="[151,451,1296,1322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27385153FF7FFAEAEF00FAE3" box="[151,274,1296,1322]" name="Montserrat" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Montserrat</collectingCountry>
|
||
Whistling Frog
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34814E127385153FF7FFACEEF00FA87" box="[151,274,1331,1358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED476A27385153FF7FFACEEF00FA87" blockId="3.[151,639,1259,1358]" box="[151,274,1331,1358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13695BEF27385153FF77FACEEF1BFA87" box="[159,265,1331,1358]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1852,1876]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox-0="[202,1386,181,1920]" captionTargetBox-1="[293,1303,183,1823]" captionTargetBox-2="[322,1252,189,1875]" captionTargetId-0="figure-15@5.[202,1386,181,1920]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@6.[276,1311,181,1828]" captionTargetId-2="figure-15@7.[322,1265,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Eleutherodactylus montserratae sp. nov. (A–B) ANSP 38773, holotype, an adult female. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Eleutherodactylus montserratae sp. nov. (A–C), photos in life. (A) USNM 315610, an adult male from Pic du Paradis (near summit), St. Martin (18.0771, -63.0497, 406 m), collected 12 September 1988 by Ronald Crombie. (B) Uncatalogued individual from Galway’s Soufriere, near the caldera on Montserrat (16.704552, -62.18772, 180 m), collected 14 August 1991 by SBH and C. A. Hass. (C) Uncatalogued individual from 0.5 km N Boyd’s at Fairview Inn, St. Kitts (17.3015, -62.7706, 77 m), collected 26 July 1988 by SBH and C. A. Hass. Photographs by SBH." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Eleutherodactylus johnstonei. (A–C), photos in life. (A) Uncatalogued individual from 9.5 km WNW Troy, Jamaica (18.2835, -77.6726, 510 m), collected 20 September 1985 by SBH and C. A. Hass. (B) ANSP 38793 (SBH 267722), adult female from Martins Bay, Barbados (13.1978, -59.4948, 5 m), collected 10 June 2006 by SBH and C. A. Hass. (C) Uncatalogued individual from Montreal, St. Vincent (13.2085, -61.1867, 482 m), collected 24 April 1996 by SBH. Photographs by SBH." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7426760" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7426762" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7426764" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7426760/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7426762/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7426764/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Figs. 3–5</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34814E127385153FF7FFA86EB4BF97F" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED476A27385153FF7FFA86EC87FA17" blockId="3.[151,1437,1403,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3A4D3727385153FF7FFA86EC87FA17" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3989374301" collectingDate="1991-08-13" collectionCode="ANSP" collectorName="S. Blair Hedges & Carla Hass" country="Montserrat" county="Old Towne" elevation="50" latitude="16.73" location="Belham Valley Hotel" longLatPrecision="769" longitude="-62.22" municipality="Valley Hotel" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" specimenCode="ANSP 38773" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Saint Peter" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FF7FFA86EF7AFA5C" bold="true" box="[151,360,1403,1430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E9F9C827385153FF7FFA86EF16FA5F" box="[151,260,1404,1430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13695BEF27385153FEFAFA81EF4AFA5C" box="[274,344,1403,1429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1386,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[202,1386,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Eleutherodactylus montserratae sp. nov. (A–B) ANSP 38773, holotype, an adult female. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7426760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7426760/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF4EF1127385153FE84FA86EC10FA5F" box="[364,514,1404,1430]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">ANSP 38773</specimenCode>
|
||
, adult female, on the grounds of the former
|
||
<location id="8E8D11B127385153FC0DFA86EAC2FA5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FBF67C27385159FF7FFB11EDF6FE40:8E8D11B127385153FC0DFA86EAC2FA5F" box="[997,1232,1404,1430]" country="Montserrat" county="Old Towne" latitude="16.73" longLatPrecision="769" longitude="-62.22" municipality="Valley Hotel" name="Belham Valley Hotel" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" stateProvince="Saint Peter">
|
||
<location id="8E8D11B127385153FC0DFA86EA98FA5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FBF67C27385159FF7FFB11EDF6FE40:8E8D11B127385153FC0DFA86EA98FA5F" box="[997,1162,1404,1430]" country="Montserrat" county="Old Towne" latitude="16.73" longLatPrecision="769" longitude="-62.22" municipality="Valley Hotel" name="Belham Valley" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" stateProvince="Saint Peter">
|
||
Belham
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B89DD1027385153FBAAFA86EA98FA5F" box="[1090,1162,1404,1430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Valley</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</location>
|
||
Hotel
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="628C3FE627385153FB32FA86EB4BFA5F" box="[1242,1369,1404,1430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Old Towne</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996898827385153FA8BFA86EF32FA73" country="Montserrat" name="Saint Peter" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Saint Peter Parish</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27385153FEC2FA5AEFBAFA73" box="[298,424,1440,1466]" name="Montserrat" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Montserrat</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAAEA8F27385153FE5AFA65EFFFFA73" box="[434,493,1439,1466]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" unit="m" value="50.0">
|
||
<elevation id="007FA05927385153FE5AFA65EFFFFA73" box="[434,493,1439,1466]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6621AD27385153FE10FA65EC46FA73" box="[504,596,1439,1466]" degrees="16.73" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" precision="555" value="16.73">16.73 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, -
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6621AD27385153FD8EFA65ECDAFA73" box="[614,712,1439,1466]" degrees="62.22" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" precision="555" value="-62.22">62.22 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26A722BC27385153FCB7FA5AEA1CFA73" box="[863,1038,1440,1466]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">S. Blair Hedges</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26A722BC27385153FBABFA5AEAAEFA73" box="[1091,1212,1440,1466]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Carla Hass</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFEC61AA27385153FB0DFA5AEB8AFA73" box="[1253,1432,1440,1466]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" value="1991-08-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA8984227385153FB0DFA5AEB8AFA73" box="[1253,1432,1440,1466]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" value="1991-08-13">13 August 1991</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26A722BC27385153FF7FFA3EEEC3FA17" box="[151,209,1476,1502]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Field</collectorName>
|
||
tag USNMFS 192724 (= SBH 192724).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED476A27385153FF2FFA12EB4BF97F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1403,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3A4D3727385153FF2FFA12EC2FF9EF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3989374303" collectionCode="ANSP" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" specimenCode="ANSP 38772" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FF2FFA12EFB0F9C8" bold="true" box="[199,418,1511,1538]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E9F9C827385153FF2FFA12EF2DF9CB" box="[199,319,1512,1538]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(n = 21)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF4EF1127385153FE58FA12EC51F9CB" box="[432,579,1512,1538]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">ANSP 38772</specimenCode>
|
||
(SBH 192723), 38767–768 (SBH 192712–713), from the type locality, with the same information as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E9F9C827385153FE3FF9F6EC2FF9EF" box="[471,573,1548,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3A4D3727385153FDAFF9F6EB5FF983" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3989374304" collectingDate="1991-08-13" collectionCode="ANSP" collectorName="S. Blair Hedges & Carla Hass" country="Montserrat" elevation="180" latitude="16.757" location="Woodlands Spring" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="-62.217" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" specimenCode="ANSP 38765-766" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Saint Peter" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF4EF1127385153FDAFF9F6ED01F9EF" box="[583,787,1547,1574]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">ANSP 38765–766</specimenCode>
|
||
(SBH 192710–711), from
|
||
<location id="8E8D11B127385153FBABF9F6EB07F9EF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FBF67C27385159FF7FFB11EDF6FE40:8E8D11B127385153FBABF9F6EB07F9EF" box="[1091,1301,1548,1574]" country="Montserrat" latitude="16.757" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="-62.217" name="Woodlands Spring" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" stateProvince="Saint Peter">Woodlands Spring</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996898827385153FAC9F9F6EEF2F983" country="Montserrat" name="Saint Peter" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Saint Peter Parish</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27385153FF02F9CAEF7AF983" box="[234,360,1584,1610]" name="Montserrat" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Montserrat</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAAEA8F27385153FE9AF9CAEFA5F983" box="[370,439,1584,1610]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" unit="m" value="180.0">
|
||
<elevation id="007FA05927385153FE9AF9CAEFA5F983" box="[370,439,1584,1610]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" unit="m" value="180.0">180 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6621AD27385153FE2DF9D5EC04F983" box="[453,534,1583,1610]" degrees="16.757" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" precision="55" value="16.757">16.757</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6621AD27385153FDC8F9D5EC69F980" box="[544,635,1583,1609]" degrees="62.217" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" precision="55" value="-62.217">-62.217</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26A722BC27385153FCF1F9CAEDD5F983" box="[793,967,1584,1610]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">S. Blair Hedges</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26A722BC27385153FC13F9CAEA61F983" box="[1019,1139,1584,1610]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Carla Hass</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFEC61AA27385153FB73F9CAEB5FF983" box="[1179,1357,1584,1610]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" value="1991-08-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA8984227385153FB73F9CAEB5FF983" box="[1179,1357,1584,1610]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" value="1991-08-13">13 August 1991</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3A4D3727385153FABEF9CAEA1BF9A7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3989374305" collectionCode="ANSP" country="Montserrat" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" specimenCode="ANSP 38755-764" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Saint Peter" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF4EF1127385153FABEF9CAEF07F9A7" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">ANSP 38755–764</specimenCode>
|
||
(SBH 192684–685, 198688–689, 192692, 192695–698, 192700)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3A4D3727385153FBFEF9AEEEDFF958" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3989374302" collectionCode="ANSP" country="Montserrat" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" specimenCode="ANSP 38769-771" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Saint Peter" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF4EF1127385153FBFEF9AEEAF7F9A4" box="[1046,1253,1619,1646]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">ANSP 38769–771</specimenCode>
|
||
(SBH 192714– 716)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3A4D3727385153FF32F982EB46F97F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3989374306" collectingDate="1991-08-14" collectionCode="ANSP" collectorName="S. Blair Hedges & Carla Hass" country="Montserrat" elevation="180" latitude="16.704552" location="Galways Soufriere" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-62.18772" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" specimenCode="ANSP 38774-776" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Saint Anthony" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF4EF1127385153FF32F982EFBBF958" box="[218,425,1655,1682]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">ANSP 38774–776</specimenCode>
|
||
(SBH 192725–727), from the
|
||
<location id="8E8D11B127385153FCF8F982EDF5F95B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FBF67C27385159FF7FFB11EDF6FE40:8E8D11B127385153FCF8F982EDF5F95B" box="[784,999,1656,1682]" country="Montserrat" latitude="16.704552" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-62.18772" name="Galways Soufriere" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" stateProvince="Saint Anthony">Galways Soufriere</location>
|
||
, at the caldera,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996898827385153FB49F982EB8AF95B" box="[1185,1432,1656,1682]" country="Montserrat" name="Saint Anthony" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Saint Anthony Parish</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27385153FF7FF966EF07F97F" box="[151,277,1692,1718]" name="Montserrat" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Montserrat</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAAEA8F27385153FEC8F966EF75F97F" box="[288,359,1692,1718]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" unit="m" value="180.0">
|
||
<elevation id="007FA05927385153FEC8F966EF75F97F" box="[288,359,1692,1718]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" unit="m" value="180.0">180 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6621AD27385153FE9EF961EFE3F97F" box="[374,497,1691,1718]" degrees="16.704552" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" precision="1" value="16.704552">16.704552</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6621AD27385153FE14F961EC61F97C" box="[508,627,1691,1717]" degrees="62.18772" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" precision="1" value="-62.18772">-62.18772</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26A722BC27385153FCFDF966EDD7F97F" box="[789,965,1692,1718]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">S. Blair Hedges</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26A722BC27385153FC14F966EA64F97F" box="[1020,1142,1692,1718]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Carla Hass</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFEC61AA27385153FB48F966EB46F97F" box="[1184,1364,1692,1718]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" value="1991-08-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA8984227385153FB48F966EB46F97F" box="[1184,1364,1692,1718]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" value="1991-08-14">14 August 1991</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34814E127385154FF2FF945EA24FD94" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED476A27385154FF2FF945EA24FD94" blockId="3.[151,1437,1403,2042]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,2036]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FF2FF945EF50F910" bold="true" box="[199,322,1727,1753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927385153FE33F93AECB4F913" box="[475,678,1728,1754]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FE33F93AECB4F913" box="[475,678,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927385153FD1EF93AED9FF910" baseAuthorityName="Tschudi" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[758,909,1728,1753]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martinicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FD1EF93AED9FF910" box="[758,909,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">martinicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Species Group of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927385153FB15F93AEFAEF937" authority="(Hedges et al. 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Hedges" baseAuthorityYear="2008" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FB15F93AEEDEF937" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27385153FF33F91EEFA6F937" author="Hedges, S. B. & Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P." box="[219,436,1764,1790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref7374" refString="Hedges, S. B., Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P. (2008) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1737.1.1." type="book chapter" year="2008">
|
||
Hedges
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FED0F91EEF63F937" box="[312,369,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927385153FD90F91EEA5CF937" authority="Kaiser, Green & Schmid" authorityName="Kaiser, Green & Schmid" authorityYear="1994" box="[632,1102,1764,1790]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amplinympha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FD90F91EED3DF937" box="[632,815,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">E. amplinympha</emphasis>
|
||
Kaiser, Green & Schmid
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927385153FBB2F91EEB24F937" authority="Lynch" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1965" box="[1114,1334,1764,1790]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barlagnei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FBB2F91EEAF4F937" box="[1114,1254,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">E. barlagnei</emphasis>
|
||
Lynch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927385153FAAAF91EEF52F8EB" authority="Barbour" authorityName="Barbour" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnstonei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FAAAF91EEEC8F8E8" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">E. johnstonei</emphasis>
|
||
Barbour
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927385153FEA3F8F2EC65F8EB" authority="(Tschudi)" baseAuthorityName="Tschudi" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[331,631,1800,1826]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martinicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FEA3F8F2EC10F8E8" box="[331,514,1800,1825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">E. martinicensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Tschudi)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927385153FD5BF8F2EDBEF8EB" authority="Schwartz." authorityName="Schwartz." box="[691,940,1800,1826]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinchoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FD5BF8F2ED27F8EB" box="[691,821,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">E. pinchoni</emphasis>
|
||
Schwartz.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927385153FC5BF8F2EB0FF8EB" authorityName="Kaiser, Green & Schmid" authorityYear="1994" box="[947,1309,1800,1826]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amplinympha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FC5BF8F2EB0FF8EB" box="[947,1309,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Eleutherodactylus amplinympha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which occurs only on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27385153FEC3F8D6EF8EF88F" box="[299,412,1836,1862]" name="Dominica" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, is a larger species than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927385153FD58F8D6ED77F88C" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[688,869,1836,1862]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FD58F8D6ECD3F88C" box="[688,705,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FD38F8D6ED77F88C" box="[720,869,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FC85F8D6EDD5F88F" bold="true" box="[877,967,1836,1862]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215260327385153FC85F8D6EDD5F88F" box="[877,967,1836,1862]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(16.1–26.4 versus
|
||
<quantity id="4CAAEA8F27385153FB48F8D1EB51F88F" box="[1184,1347,1835,1862]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8649999999999998" metricValueMax="2.12" metricValueMin="1.61" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" unit="mm" value="18.65" valueMax="21.2" valueMin="16.1">16.1–21.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in males, 15.9–49.7 versus
|
||
<quantity id="4CAAEA8F27385153FE47F8B5EC41F8A3" box="[431,595,1871,1898]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.32" metricValueMax="2.9699999999999998" metricValueMin="1.67" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" unit="mm" value="23.2" valueMax="29.7" valueMin="16.7">16.7–29.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in females), with a 3-note call consisting of two notes and a “click,” with the second note rising in frequency. In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927385153FD04F88EEDB2F844" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[748,928,1908,1933]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FD04F88EEDB2F844" box="[748,928,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">E. montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215260327385153FC40F88EEA11F847" box="[936,1027,1908,1934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FC40F88EEDEFF847" bold="true" box="[936,1021,1908,1934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has a two-note call, with the second note constant in pitch and higher in frequency (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27385153FD4DF862ED63F87B" author="Kaiser, H. & Green, D. M. & Schmid, M." box="[677,881,1944,1970]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="2217 - 2237" refId="ref7742" refString="Kaiser, H., Green, D. M. & Schmid, M. (1994) Systematics and biogeography of eastern Caribbean Frogs (Leptodactylidae, Eleutherodactylus), with the description of a new species from Dominica. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 72, 2217 - 2237." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Kaiser
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FD1EF862ED3CF87B" box="[758,814,1944,1970]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927385153FC6CF862EAD0F87B" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1965" box="[900,1218,1944,1970]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barlagnei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FC6CF862EAD0F87B" box="[900,1218,1944,1970]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Eleutherodactylus barlagnei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which occurs only on Guadeloupe, is slightly larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927385153FDB9F846ED15F81C" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[593,775,1980,2006]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FDB9F846EC70F81C" box="[593,610,1980,2005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FD9AF846ED15F81C" box="[626,775,1980,2005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827385153FCF9F846ED7FF81F" bold="true" box="[785,877,1980,2006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215260327385153FCF9F846ED7FF81F" box="[785,877,1980,2006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(19.6–22.8 versus
|
||
<quantity id="4CAAEA8F27385153FBA2F841EAFDF81F" box="[1098,1263,1979,2006]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8649999999999998" metricValueMax="2.12" metricValueMin="1.61" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" unit="mm" value="18.65" valueMax="21.2" valueMin="16.1">16.1–21.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in males, 22.9–31.7 versus
|
||
<quantity id="4CAAEA8F27385153FEB5F825EC12F833" box="[349,512,2015,2042]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.32" metricValueMax="2.9699999999999998" metricValueMin="1.67" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" unit="mm" value="23.2" valueMax="29.7" valueMin="16.7">16.7–29.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in females) and has distinctive webbing and dermal flanges on the hands and feet, as adaptations to its aquatic lifestyle. The call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE9273F5154FD07FF6DED69FF78" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1965" box="[751,891,151,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barlagnei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FD07FF6DED69FF78" box="[751,891,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">E. barlagnei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a series of four or more trilled notes, descending at the end (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B273F5154FED4FF40EFFBFF1D" author="Schwartz, A." box="[316,489,186,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref8121" refString="Schwartz, A. (1967) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in the Lesser Antilles. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 24, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1967">Schwartz 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE9273F5154FE14FF40ED77FF1D" baseAuthorityName="Tschudi" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[508,869,186,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martinicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FE14FF40ED77FF1D" box="[508,869,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Eleutherodactylus martinicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA273F5154FC9CFF41EDFBFF1D" box="[884,1001,186,213]" name="Sint Martin" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">St. Martin</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA273F5154FC1CFF41EA8FFF1D" box="[1012,1181,186,213]" name="Saint Barthelemy" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">St. Barthélemy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA273F5154FB4EFF40EB11FF1D" box="[1190,1283,186,212]" name="Antigua and Barbuda" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Antigua</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Guadeloupe,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA273F5154FF7FFF24EF1AFF31" box="[151,264,222,248]" name="Dominica" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Martinique, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA273F5154FE3EFF24EC52FF31" box="[470,576,222,248]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">St. Lucia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) is a much larger species than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE9273F5154FC43FF25EA73FF31" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[939,1121,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FC43FF25EA73FF31" box="[939,1121,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">E. montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FB84FF24EADAFF31" bold="true" box="[1132,1224,222,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2152603273F5154FB84FF24EADAFF31" box="[1132,1224,222,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(21.9–32.3 versus
|
||
<quantity id="4CAAEA8F273F5154FF7FFEF8EF2BFED5" box="[151,313,258,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8649999999999998" metricValueMax="2.12" metricValueMin="1.61" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" unit="mm" value="18.65" valueMax="21.2" valueMin="16.1">16.1–21.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in males, 21.4–46.6 versus
|
||
<quantity id="4CAAEA8F273F5154FD4DFEF8ED55FED5" box="[677,839,258,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.32" metricValueMax="2.9699999999999998" metricValueMin="1.67" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" unit="mm" value="23.2" valueMax="29.7" valueMin="16.7">16.7–29.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in females), has a slightly wider head and longer hind limbs (distinctly overlapping versus not overlapping in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE9273F5154FCAEFEDCEDE9FEF6" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[838,1019,294,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FCAEFEDCED45FEF6" box="[838,855,294,319]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FC8EFEDCEDE9FEF6" box="[870,1019,294,319]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FBECFEDCEA4CFE89" bold="true" box="[1028,1118,294,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2152603273F5154FBECFEDCEA4CFE89" box="[1028,1118,294,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), brighter dorsal coloration, red on the hindlimbs and groin, and a different 2-note whistle call with a longer first note and rising second note versus a short first note and constant pitch second note of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE9273F5154FCCDFE94EDCBFE4E" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[805,985,366,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FCCDFE94ED24FE4E" box="[805,822,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FCACFE94EDCBFE4E" box="[836,985,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2152603273F5154FC09FE97EA2EFE41" box="[993,1084,365,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FC09FE97EA27FE4E" bold="true" box="[993,1077,365,391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B273F5154FBA3FE97EAE5FE4E" author="Schwartz, A." box="[1099,1271,365,391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref8121" refString="Schwartz, A. (1967) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in the Lesser Antilles. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 24, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1967">Schwartz 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B273F5154FAEBFE97EB82FE4E" author="Kaiser, H." box="[1283,1424,365,391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" pagination="264 - 273" refId="ref7589" refString="Kaiser, H. (1992) The trade-mediated introduction of Eleutherodactylus martinicensis (Anura, Leptodactylidae) on St-Barthelemy, French Antilles, and its implications for Lesser Antillean biogeography. Journal of Herpetology, 26, 264 - 273. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1564880." type="journal article" year="1992">Kaiser 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE9273F5154FF7FFE6BEFDEFE62" box="[151,460,401,427]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinchoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FF7FFE6BEFDEFE62" box="[151,460,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Eleutherodactylus pinchoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which occurs only on Guadeloupe, is a smaller species than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE9273F5154FB6DFE68EB28FE62" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[1157,1338,401,427]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FB6DFE68EA84FE62" box="[1157,1174,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FB4DFE68EB28FE62" box="[1189,1338,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FAAAFE6BEB8EFE62" bold="true" box="[1346,1436,401,427]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2152603273F5154FAAAFE6BEB8EFE62" box="[1346,1436,401,427]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(14.4–16.0 versus
|
||
<quantity id="4CAAEA8F273F5154FE8FFE4EEC19FE06" box="[359,523,436,463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8649999999999998" metricValueMax="2.12" metricValueMin="1.61" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" unit="mm" value="18.65" valueMax="21.2" valueMin="16.1">16.1–21.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in males, 15.2–20.2 versus
|
||
<quantity id="4CAAEA8F273F5154FC6AFE4EEA37FE06" box="[898,1061,436,463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.32" metricValueMax="2.9699999999999998" metricValueMin="1.67" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" unit="mm" value="23.2" valueMax="29.7" valueMin="16.7">16.7–29.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in females), with an orange venter heavily mottled or stippled in dark brown (versus venter pale or sparsely stippled), a pale (orange-red) groin spot (versus no groin spot), a dark vocal sac in males (versus unpigmented vocal sac), a median pale line on the throat in both sexes (versus no pale line), and a call consisting of a series of “tick’s followed by a single rising wheep” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B273F5154FF13FDB9EFB7FD94" author="Schwartz, A." box="[251,421,579,605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref8121" refString="Schwartz, A. (1967) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in the Lesser Antilles. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 24, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1967">Schwartz 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) versus a two-note call with second note constant in pitch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34814E1273F5154FF2FFD9DEA8BFACD" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED476A273F5154FF2FFD9DEA8BFACD" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE9273F5154FF2FFD9DEC3FFD48" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[199,557,615,641]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FF2FFD9DEC3FFD48" box="[199,557,615,641]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Eleutherodactylus montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FDDCFD9DEC9FFD48" bold="true" box="[564,653,615,641]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2152603273F5154FDDCFD9DEC9FFD48" box="[564,653,615,641]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE9273F5154FC47FD92EB07FD48" authority="(Yuan et al. 2022)" baseAuthorityName="Yuan" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[943,1301,615,641]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnstonei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FC47FD92EA51FD48" box="[943,1091,615,641]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">E. johnstonei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B273F5154FBB8FD9DEB1FFD48" author="Yuan, M. L. & Frederick, J. H. & McGuire, J. A. & Bell, R. C. & Smith, S. R. & Fenton, C. & Cassius, J. & Williams, R. & Wang, I. J. & Powell, R. & Hedges, S. B." box="[1104,1293,615,641]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" pagination="2707 - 2722" refId="ref8258" refString="Yuan, M. L., Frederick, J. H., McGuire, J. A., Bell, R. C., Smith, S. R., Fenton, C., Cassius, J., Williams, R., Wang, I. J., Powell, R. & Hedges, S. B. (2022) Endemism, invasion, and overseas dispersal: the phylogeographic history of the Lesser Antillean frog, Eleutherodactylus johnstonei. Biological Invasions, 24, 2707 - 2722. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 022 - 02803 - 9" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Yuan
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FB7AFD92EAD8FD48" box="[1170,1226,615,641]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with which it shares a general body shape and proportions, pattern variation, and a two-note whistle-like call (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B273F5154FB03FD71EB85FD6C" author="Schwartz, A." box="[1259,1431,651,677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref8121" refString="Schwartz, A. (1967) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in the Lesser Antilles. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 24, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1967">Schwartz 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B273F5154FF7FFD55EF36FD00" author="Kaiser, H." box="[151,292,687,713]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" pagination="264 - 273" refId="ref7589" refString="Kaiser, H. (1992) The trade-mediated introduction of Eleutherodactylus martinicensis (Anura, Leptodactylidae) on St-Barthelemy, French Antilles, and its implications for Lesser Antillean biogeography. Journal of Herpetology, 26, 264 - 273. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1564880." type="journal article" year="1992">Kaiser 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Structural similarities between the two species include a narrow (razor-thin) middorsal ridge, dorsal tubercles of variable size and density (fine to coarse), and similar body proportions such as END, THL, SHL, FTL, and FPW (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B273F5154FE9DFD0CEC33FCD9" author="Schwartz, A." box="[373,545,758,784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref8121" refString="Schwartz, A. (1967) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in the Lesser Antilles. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 24, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1967">Schwartz 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In coloration, the dorsal ground color is variable (brown, tan, reddish tan, or gray) and they share pattern variants (pale middorsal stripe, 1–2 medium or dark brown middorsal chevrons, or broad and pale dorsolateral stripes) and pattern elements such as interocular bar defining a paler dorsal surface of the snout, wide dark brown bars on the loreal, postocular, and supratympanic regions, and obscure (not bold) medium or dark brown leg barring.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE9273F5154FDEDFC7FED59FC56" box="[517,843,901,927]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnstonei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FDEDFC7FED59FC56" box="[517,843,901,927]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Eleutherodactylus johnstonei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE9273F5154FC36FC7CEA80FC56" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[990,1170,902,927]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FC36FC7CEA80FC56" box="[990,1170,902,927]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">E. montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FB72FC7FEAE1FC56" bold="true" box="[1178,1267,901,927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2152603273F5154FB72FC7FEAE1FC56" box="[1178,1267,901,927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in being larger (17.9–25.2 versus
|
||
<quantity id="4CAAEA8F273F5154FE83FC53EC03FC0A" box="[363,529,937,963]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8649999999999998" metricValueMax="2.12" metricValueMin="1.61" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" unit="mm" value="18.65" valueMax="21.2" valueMin="16.1">16.1–21.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in males, 18.2–34.8 versus
|
||
<quantity id="4CAAEA8F273F5154FC7BFC53EA2AFC0A" box="[915,1080,937,963]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.32" metricValueMax="2.9699999999999998" metricValueMin="1.67" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" unit="mm" value="23.2" valueMax="29.7" valueMin="16.7">16.7–29.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL in females) and having a proportionately smaller tympanum (5.25–6.12 versus 6.10–7.06 % SVL in males, 5.12–6.13 versus 6.47–7.37 % SVL in females), a narrower head (35.4–38.2 versus 36.1–39.7 % SVL in males, 33.9–40.0 versus 37.1–41.7 % SVL in females), and smaller separation between the nostrils (8.69–9.27 versus 9.55–10.5 % SVL in males, 8.18–9.45 versus 9.52–10.5 % SVL in females). Photos in life (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13695BEF273F5154FD00FBC2ED41FB9A" box="[744,851,1080,1107]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1852,1876]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox-0="[293,1303,183,1823]" captionTargetBox-1="[322,1252,189,1875]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@6.[276,1311,181,1828]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@7.[322,1265,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Eleutherodactylus montserratae sp. nov. (A–C), photos in life. (A) USNM 315610, an adult male from Pic du Paradis (near summit), St. Martin (18.0771, -63.0497, 406 m), collected 12 September 1988 by Ronald Crombie. (B) Uncatalogued individual from Galway’s Soufriere, near the caldera on Montserrat (16.704552, -62.18772, 180 m), collected 14 August 1991 by SBH and C. A. Hass. (C) Uncatalogued individual from 0.5 km N Boyd’s at Fairview Inn, St. Kitts (17.3015, -62.7706, 77 m), collected 26 July 1988 by SBH and C. A. Hass. Photographs by SBH." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Eleutherodactylus johnstonei. (A–C), photos in life. (A) Uncatalogued individual from 9.5 km WNW Troy, Jamaica (18.2835, -77.6726, 510 m), collected 20 September 1985 by SBH and C. A. Hass. (B) ANSP 38793 (SBH 267722), adult female from Martins Bay, Barbados (13.1978, -59.4948, 5 m), collected 10 June 2006 by SBH and C. A. Hass. (C) Uncatalogued individual from Montreal, St. Vincent (13.2085, -61.1867, 482 m), collected 24 April 1996 by SBH. Photographs by SBH." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7426762" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7426764" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7426762/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7426764/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Figs. 4–5</figureCitation>
|
||
) show that
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FC3FFBC3EAEDFB9B" box="[983,1279,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE9273F5154FC3FFBC3EA79FB9B" box="[983,1131,1080,1106]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="johnstonei">E. johnstonei</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2152603273F5154FB9AFBC3EAEDFB9B" box="[1138,1279,1081,1106]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has the upper iris color golden rather than bluish-white. However, this difference in upper iris coloration needs to be confirmed in a larger sample size of living individuals. The calls are similar in being two-notes and constant in pitch, but one analysis of two calls indicated that the second (high frequency) note of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE9273F5154FC57FB5EEA41FB74" box="[959,1107,1187,1213]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnstonei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FC57FB5EEA41FB74" box="[959,1107,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">E. johnstonei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be shorter than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE9273F5154FF7FFB3DEF58FB29" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,330,1223,1248]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FF7FFB3DEF58FB29" box="[151,330,1223,1248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">E. montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FEB9FB3DEFBBFB28" bold="true" box="[337,425,1223,1249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2152603273F5154FEB9FB3DEFBBFB28" box="[337,425,1223,1249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B273F5154FE5FFB3DEC56FB28" author="Kaiser, H." box="[439,580,1223,1249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" pagination="264 - 273" refId="ref7589" refString="Kaiser, H. (1992) The trade-mediated introduction of Eleutherodactylus martinicensis (Anura, Leptodactylidae) on St-Barthelemy, French Antilles, and its implications for Lesser Antillean biogeography. Journal of Herpetology, 26, 264 - 273. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1564880." type="journal article" year="1992">Kaiser 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, a more comprehensive analysis of vocalization in the two species will be needed to determine if that is a significant difference distinguishing the two species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34814E1273F5158FF2FFAF4ECEFFE18" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED476A273F5154FF2FFAF4EB95F98F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273F5154FF2FFAF4EC7BFAE1" bold="true" box="[199,617,1294,1320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E9F9C8273F5154FE48FAF4EC15FAE1" box="[416,519,1294,1320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13695BEF273F5154FDFDFAF4EC48FAE1" box="[533,602,1294,1320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1386,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[202,1386,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Eleutherodactylus montserratae sp. nov. (A–B) ANSP 38773, holotype, an adult female. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7426760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7426760/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult female; head as wide as body, width less than length; snout subacuminate in dorsal view, subacuminate in lateral view, overhanging lower jaw; nostrils weakly protuberant, directed dorsolaterally; canthus rostralis rounded, slightly sinuous in dorsal view; loreal region slightly concave, sloping gradually; lips not flared; upper eyelid bearing moderate-sized, rounded tubercles; interorbital space without tubercles; supratympanic fold well defined, concealing upper edge of tympanic annulus; tympanum moderate-sized, round, separated from eye by a distance less than its own diameter; several postrictal tubercles, enlarged, subconical; choanae small, oval, partially concealed by palatal shelf of maxillary arch when roof of mouth is viewed from below; vomerine odontophores medial and posterior to choanae, each larger than a choana, straight and angled postero-medially, separated moderately at midline; posterior two-thirds of tongue not adherent to floor of mouth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED476A273F5154FF2FF9AAEF8DF83D" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Skin of dorsum weakly to strongly tuberculate, without dorsolateral folds; skin of flanks similar to dorsum; skin of venter strongly areolate, without discoidal folds; anal opening not extended in sheath; no supraxillary glandular areas present; ulnar tubercles low, flat; palmar tubercle single, larger than thenar, thenar tubercle oval, low; several moderate-sized low, supernumerary tubercles; subarticular tubercles of fingers round and subconical; well defined lateral ridge on finger; all fingers with expanded tips; fingertips rounded, semicircular pad on ventral surface of fingertip; circumferential groove bordering distal three-quarters of finger pad; width of largest pad (III) one-half as wide tympanum; first finger shorter than second when adpressed; heel tubercles absent; small, flattened, tubercles along outer edge of tarsus; metatarsal tubercles low, inner (elongate) twice size of outer (subconical); several small, low, supernumerary plantar tubercles; subarticular tubercles of toes round and subconical; toes unwebbed; well-defined lateral ridge on toe; all toes with expanded tips; toetips rounded; semicircular pad on ventral surface of toetip; circumferential groove bordering distal three-quarters of toe pad; heels overlap when flexed legs are held at right angles to sagittal plane.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2D17E2273E5155FF7FF86DEF0CF81D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7426760" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7426760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7426760/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="380" startId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[202,1386,181,1920]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED476A273E5155FF7FF86DEF0CF81D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273E5155FF7FF86DEF07F866" bold="true" box="[151,277,1943,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE9273E5155FEF7F862EC74F866" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[287,614,1944,1968]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="380" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273E5155FEF7F862EC74F866" box="[287,614,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">Eleutherodactylus montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273E5155FD87F862ECD0F879" bold="true" box="[623,706,1944,1968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2152603273E5155FD87F862ECD0F879" box="[623,706,1944,1968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="380" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A–B) ANSP 38773, holotype, an adult female. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2D17E2273D5156FF7FF8C6ED91F82D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7426762" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7426762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7426762/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="381" startId="6.[151,250,1852,1876]" targetBox="[293,1303,183,1823]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED476A273D5156FF7FF8C6ED91F82D" blockId="6.[151,1437,1852,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273D5156FF7FF8C6EF00F89D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1852,1876]" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE9273D5156FEFFF8C6EC49F89D" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[279,603,1852,1876]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273D5156FEFFF8C6EC49F89D" box="[279,603,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">Eleutherodactylus montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273D5156FD88F8C6ECA2F89D" bold="true" box="[608,688,1852,1876]" pageId="6" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2152603273D5156FD88F8C6ECA2F89D" box="[608,688,1852,1876]" pageId="6" pageNumber="381" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A–C), photos in life. (A) USNM 315610, an adult male from Pic du Paradis (near summit), St. Martin (18.0771, -63.0497, 406 m), collected 12 September 1988 by Ronald Crombie. (B) Uncatalogued individual from Galway’s Soufriere, near the caldera on Montserrat (16.704552, -62.18772, 180 m), collected 14 August 1991 by SBH and C. A. Hass. (C) Uncatalogued individual from 0.5 km N Boyd’s at Fairview Inn, St. Kitts (17.3015, -62.7706, 77 m), collected 26 July 1988 by SBH and C. A. Hass. Photographs by SBH.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2D17E2273C5157FF7FF88EEB7DF831" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7426764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7426764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7426764/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" startId="7.[151,250,1908,1932]" targetBox="[322,1252,189,1875]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED476A273C5157FF7FF88EEB7DF831" blockId="7.[151,1437,1908,2040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273C5157FF7FF88EEF00F845" bold="true" box="[151,274,1908,1932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B78273C5157FEFFF88EEC56F845" box="[279,580,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="382">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE9273C5157FEFFF88EEC53F845" box="[279,577,1908,1932]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnstonei">Eleutherodactylus johnstonei</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A–C), photos in life. (A) Uncatalogued individual from 9.5 km WNW Troy, Jamaica (18.2835, -77.6726, 510 m), collected 20 September 1985 by SBH and C. A. Hass. (B) ANSP 38793 (SBH 267722), adult female from Martins Bay, Barbados (13.1978, -59.4948, 5 m), collected 10 June 2006 by SBH and C. A. Hass. (C) Uncatalogued individual from Montreal, St. Vincent (13.2085, -61.1867, 482 m), collected 24 April 1996 by SBH. Photographs by SBH.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED476A27335158FF2FFF6CECEFFE18" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FF2FFF6CEF2DFF79" bold="true" box="[199,319,150,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3A4D3727335158FEA0FF6DECEAFE18" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3989374307" collectionCode="TYM, END, THL, SHL, FTL" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" specimenCode="TYM 1.14, END 1.94, THL 7.21, SHL 7.78, FTL 6.63" specimenCount="20" specimenCount-adult="20" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
Other specimens are similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E9F9C827335158FD35FF6DED51FF78" box="[733,835,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Males with vocal slits and vocal sac (confirmed by dissection); vocal sac median subgular and externally visible. The mean (± 1 SE) and range (in parentheses) of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D548CE327335158FA69FF41EEDDFF30" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="adult">11 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
males (listed first) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D548CE327335158FE3BFF25EC0CFF30" box="[467,542,223,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="adult">9 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E9F9C827335158FD61FF25ECFFFF30" box="[649,749,223,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in bold) are, in mm: SVL 17.5 ± 0.35 (16.1–19.5), 20.7 ± 0.62 (18.4–22.9,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FEF7FEF8EF42FED5" bold="true" box="[287,336,258,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">22.9</emphasis>
|
||
); HL 7.08 ± 0.17 (6.26–7.82), 8.63 ± 0.33 (7.23–10.3,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FC54FEF8EDFFFED5" bold="true" box="[956,1005,258,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">8.83</emphasis>
|
||
); HW 6.68 ± 0.17 (5.90–7.59), 8.12 ± 0.27 (6.83–9.13,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FEBEFEDCEF95FE89" bold="true" box="[342,391,294,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">8.87</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF4EF1127335158FE77FEDDEC07FE88" box="[415,533,295,321]" collectionCode="TYM" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">TYM 1.14</specimenCode>
|
||
± 0.02 (1.03–1.25), 1.43 ± 0.05 (1.19–1.67,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FBEFFEDCEA2AFE89" bold="true" box="[1031,1080,294,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">1.49</emphasis>
|
||
); EYE 2.50 ± 0.05 (2.18–2.75), 3.00 ± 0.09 (2.54–3.35,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FE4BFEB0EFC6FEAD" bold="true" box="[419,468,330,356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">3.14</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF4EF1127335158FE04FEB1EC4FFEAC" box="[492,605,331,357]" collectionCode="END" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">END 1.94</specimenCode>
|
||
± 0.05 (1.72–2.18), 2.45 ± 0.07 (2.12–2.79,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FBA6FEB0EA6DFEAD" bold="true" box="[1102,1151,330,356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">2.43</emphasis>
|
||
); IND 1.74 ± 0.04 (1.60– 1.92), 2.05 ± 0.06 (1.76–2.25,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FE06FE94EC0DFE41" bold="true" box="[494,543,366,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">2.18</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF4EF1127335158FDDFFE95ECB6FE40" box="[567,676,367,393]" collectionCode="THL" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13138" name="Grierson Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="Herbarium">THL 7.21</specimenCode>
|
||
± 0.16 (6.50–8.11), 8.68 ± 0.25 (7.63–10.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FB70FE94EADBFE41" bold="true" box="[1176,1225,366,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">8.82</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF4EF1127335158FB0AFE95EB5CFE40" box="[1250,1358,367,393]" collectionCode="SHL" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">SHL 7.78</specimenCode>
|
||
± 0.13 (7.23–8.40), 9.53 ± 0.28 (8.20–10.7,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FDD2FE68EC79FE65" bold="true" box="[570,619,402,428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">10.2</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF4EF1127335158FD6CFE69ECFFFE64" box="[644,749,403,429]" collectionCode="FTL" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">FTL 6.63</specimenCode>
|
||
± 0.15 (6.03–7.66), 7.89 ± 0.31 (6.03–9.27,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FB0FFE68EB0AFE65" bold="true" box="[1255,1304,402,428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">8.45</emphasis>
|
||
); and FTW 0.57 ± 0.02 (0.42–0.68), 0.76 ± 0.04 (0.54–0.89,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FD54FE4CECFFFE19" bold="true" box="[700,749,438,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">0.84</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34814E127335158FF2FFE20EAD9FC6C" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED476A27335158FF2FFE20EB17FD60" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FF2FFE20EFAEFE3D" bold="true" box="[199,444,474,500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
Distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13695BEF27335158FE80FE20EFBFFE3D" box="[360,429,474,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[238,1351,184,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-19@10.[236,1351,181,1874]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Map showing the distributions of Eleutherodactylus montserratae sp. nov. (red) and E. johnstonei (yellow) in the Lesser Antilles. The only location where E. montserratae sp. nov. is known to be native is Montserrat. There is no location where E. johnstonei is known to be native.Additional introduced populations of both species occur together on Bermuda and of E. johnstonei in Jamaica, Central America, South America, and Europe (see text)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7426766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7426766/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927335158FE2BFE21ED3BFE3D" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[451,809,475,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FE2BFE21ED3BFE3D" box="[451,809,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Eleutherodactylus montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FCD8FE21ED98FE3C" bold="true" box="[816,906,475,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215260327335158FCD8FE21ED98FE3C" box="[816,906,475,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is native to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27335158FBF9FE21EA9EFE3C" box="[1041,1164,475,501]" name="Montserrat" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Montserrat</collectingCountry>
|
||
and introduced on other islands in the western Lesser Antilles (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27335158FDBFFE05ECAFFDD0" box="[599,701,511,537]" name="Anguilla" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Anguilla</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27335158FD23FE05ED50FDD0" box="[715,834,511,537]" name="Sint Martin" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">St. Martin</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27335158FCA3FE05EDDDFDD0" box="[843,975,511,537]" name="Sint Martin" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">St. Maarten</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27335158FC35FE05EA9BFDD0" box="[989,1161,511,537]" name="Saint Barthelemy" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">St. Barthélemy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27335158FB7FFE05EAC2FDD0" box="[1175,1232,511,537]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Saba</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27335158FB36FE05EB62FDD0" box="[1246,1392,511,537]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">St. Eustatius</collectingCountry>
|
||
, St. Christopher, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27335158FEB0FDD9EFB7FDF4" box="[344,421,547,573]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Nevis)</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27335158FDEBFDD9EC78FDF4" box="[515,618,547,573]" name="Bermuda" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27335158FD90FDD9ED11FDF4" author="Breuil, M." box="[632,771,547,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" pagination="1 - 339" refId="ref7303" refString="Breuil, M. (2002) Histoire naturelle des amphibiens et reptiles terrestres de l'archipel Guadeloupeen. Guadeloupe, Saint Martin, Saint Barthelemy. Patrimoines Naturels, Paris, 54, 1 - 339." type="journal article" year="2002">Breuil 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27335158FCE4FDD9EDDBFDF4" author="Yuan, M. L. & Frederick, J. H. & McGuire, J. A. & Bell, R. C. & Smith, S. R. & Fenton, C. & Cassius, J. & Williams, R. & Wang, I. J. & Powell, R. & Hedges, S. B." box="[780,969,547,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" pagination="2707 - 2722" refId="ref8258" refString="Yuan, M. L., Frederick, J. H., McGuire, J. A., Bell, R. C., Smith, S. R., Fenton, C., Cassius, J., Williams, R., Wang, I. J., Powell, R. & Hedges, S. B. (2022) Endemism, invasion, and overseas dispersal: the phylogeographic history of the Lesser Antillean frog, Eleutherodactylus johnstonei. Biological Invasions, 24, 2707 - 2722. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 022 - 02803 - 9" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Yuan
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FCA5FDD9ED97FDF4" box="[845,901,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This distribution is based on a combination of DNA sequences, morphology, and chromosomes. However, the species assignment here for the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27335158FACAFDBDEEDDFD4C" name="Saint Barthelemy" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">St. Barthélemy</collectingCountry>
|
||
introduced population (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27335158FE36FD91EC75FD4C" author="Breuil, M." box="[478,615,619,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" pagination="1 - 339" refId="ref7303" refString="Breuil, M. (2002) Histoire naturelle des amphibiens et reptiles terrestres de l'archipel Guadeloupeen. Guadeloupe, Saint Martin, Saint Barthelemy. Patrimoines Naturels, Paris, 54, 1 - 339." type="journal article" year="2002">Breuil 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is based only on distribution and requires confirmation.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27335158FB19FD91EB4AFD4C" box="[1265,1368,619,645]" name="Bermuda" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
is the only location where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927335158FE95FD75EC23FD61" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[381,561,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FE95FD75EC23FD61" box="[381,561,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">E. montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FDD0FD75EC80FD60" bold="true" box="[568,658,655,681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215260327335158FDD0FD75EC80FD60" box="[568,658,655,681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is known to co-occur with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927335158FC2CFD75EA4AFD60" box="[964,1112,655,681]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnstonei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FC2CFD75EA4AFD60" box="[964,1112,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">E. johnstonei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FB80FD75EAE7FD61" box="[1128,1269,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED476A27335158FF2FFD49EAD9FC6C" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
Presumably, all introduced mainland records from the Americas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27335158FC58FD49EAB9FD04" author="Leonhardt, F. & Jimenez-Bolano, J. D." box="[944,1195,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" pagination="39 - 54" refId="ref7795" refString="Leonhardt, F., Jimenez-Bolano, J. D. & Ernst, R. (2019) Whistling invaders: status and distribution of Johnstone's Whistling frog (Eleutherodactylus johnstonei Barbour, 1914), 25 years after its introduction to Colombia. NeoBiota, 45, 39 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / neobiota. 45.33515" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Leonhardt
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FBC6FD49EA7AFD04" box="[1070,1128,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927335158FAEFFD49EF67FD38" authority="(Kaiser et al. 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Kaiser" baseAuthorityYear="2002" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnstonei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FAEFFD49EB8FFD04" box="[1287,1437,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">E. johnstonei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27335158FF77FD2DEF7FFD38" author="Kaiser, H. & Barrio-Amoros, C. L. & Trujillo, J. D. & Lynch, J. D." box="[159,365,727,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" pagination="290 - 293" refId="ref7690" refString="Kaiser, H., Barrio-Amoros, C. L., Trujillo, J. D. & Lynch, J. D. (2002) Expansion of Eleutherodactylus johnstonei in northern South America: rapid dispersal through human interactions. Herpetological Review, 33, 290 - 293." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Kaiser
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FF19FD2DEF38FD38" box="[241,298,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, confirmed for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27335158FDCAFD2DEC87FD38" box="[546,661,727,753]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
by DNA sequence (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27335158FC90FD2DEA27FD38" author="Yuan, M. L. & Frederick, J. H. & McGuire, J. A. & Bell, R. C. & Smith, S. R. & Fenton, C. & Cassius, J. & Williams, R. & Wang, I. J. & Powell, R. & Hedges, S. B." box="[888,1077,727,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" pagination="2707 - 2722" refId="ref8258" refString="Yuan, M. L., Frederick, J. H., McGuire, J. A., Bell, R. C., Smith, S. R., Fenton, C., Cassius, J., Williams, R., Wang, I. J., Powell, R. & Hedges, S. B. (2022) Endemism, invasion, and overseas dispersal: the phylogeographic history of the Lesser Antillean frog, Eleutherodactylus johnstonei. Biological Invasions, 24, 2707 - 2722. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 022 - 02803 - 9" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Yuan
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FC53FD2DEDE6FD38" box="[955,1012,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27335158FB73FD2DEB1CFD38" box="[1179,1294,727,753]" name="Venezuela" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27335158FAADFD2DEB8EFD38" box="[1349,1436,727,753]" name="Guyana" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
by chromosomes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27335158FE8EFD01EC50FCDC" author="Schmid, M. & Steinlein, C. & Bogart, J. P. & Feichtinger, W. & Leon, P. & La Marca, E. & Diaz, L. M. & Sanz, A. & Chen, S. H. & Hedges, S. B." box="[358,578,763,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" pagination="1 - 568" refId="ref8016" refString="Schmid, M., Steinlein, C., Bogart, J. P., Feichtinger, W., Leon, P., La Marca, E., Diaz, L. M., Sanz, A., Chen, S. H. & Hedges, S. B. (2010) The chromosomes of terraranan frogs. Insights into vertebrate cytogenetics. Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 130 - 131, 1 - 568. https: // doi. org / 10.1159 / isbn. 978 - 3 - 8055 - 9608 - 4" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Schmid
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FE2DFD01EFECFCDC" box="[453,510,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The genetic variation detected among Colombian samples was low (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27335158FAB0FD01EF5DFCF0" author="Leonhardt, F. & Jimenez-Bolano, J. D." pageId="8" pageNumber="383" pagination="39 - 54" refId="ref7795" refString="Leonhardt, F., Jimenez-Bolano, J. D. & Ernst, R. (2019) Whistling invaders: status and distribution of Johnstone's Whistling frog (Eleutherodactylus johnstonei Barbour, 1914), 25 years after its introduction to Colombia. NeoBiota, 45, 39 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / neobiota. 45.33515" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Leonhardt
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FF3FFCE5EF1CFCF0" box="[215,270,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), consistent with a single species, presumably
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FCB8FCE5EA66FCF1" box="[848,1140,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927335158FCB8FCE5EDF1FCF0" box="[848,995,799,825]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="johnstonei">E. johnstonei</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215260327335158FC00FCE5EA66FCF1" box="[1000,1140,799,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. All European populations are apparently of that species as well, because they arose from a single introduction from Guadeloupe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27335158FACFFCB9EF03FC48" author="Leonhardt, F. & Jimenez-Bolano, J. D." pageId="8" pageNumber="383" pagination="39 - 54" refId="ref7795" refString="Leonhardt, F., Jimenez-Bolano, J. D. & Ernst, R. (2019) Whistling invaders: status and distribution of Johnstone's Whistling frog (Eleutherodactylus johnstonei Barbour, 1914), 25 years after its introduction to Colombia. NeoBiota, 45, 39 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / neobiota. 45.33515" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Leonhardt
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FF7FFC9DEEC2FC48" box="[151,208,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27335158FEF5FC9DEC16FC48" author="Moravec, J. & Kodejs, K. & Miller, V. & Velensky, P." box="[285,516,871,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" pagination="39 - 46" refId="ref7905" refString="Moravec, J., Kodejs, K., Miller, V. & Velensky, P. (2020) Johnston's whistling frog in Prague: report of populations of Eleutherodactylus johnstonei (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae) in the Czech Republic. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 84, 39 - 46." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Moravec
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FE60FC9DEFD2FC48" box="[392,448,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, additional genetic testing and morphological examination is needed to more comprehensively examine introduced populations and confirm their species identification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34814E127335158FF2FFC55EF6EF974" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED476A27335158FF2FFC55ED0FFBFC" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FF2FFC55EFEFFC01" bold="true" box="[199,509,942,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Ecology and conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
The habitat preference of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927335158FCF4FC55EDDDFC01" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[796,975,943,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FCF4FC55EDDDFC01" box="[796,975,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">E. montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FC3CFC55EA3EFC00" bold="true" box="[980,1068,943,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215260327335158FC3CFC55EA3EFC00" box="[980,1068,943,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927335158FAEBFC55EB84FC00" box="[1283,1430,943,969]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnstonei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FAEBFC55EB84FC00" box="[1283,1430,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">E. johnstonei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both of which have wide niches. In general, ecological details in the literature concerning
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927335158FB68FC29EB01FC24" box="[1152,1299,979,1005]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnstonei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FB68FC29EB01FC24" box="[1152,1299,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">E. johnstonei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FACBFC29EB81FC24" box="[1315,1427,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27335158FF77FC0DEF59FBD8" author="Schwartz, A." box="[159,331,1015,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref8121" refString="Schwartz, A. (1967) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in the Lesser Antilles. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 24, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1967">Schwartz 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27335158FEBFFC0DEC8DFBD8" author="Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R." box="[343,671,1015,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" refId="ref8155" refString="Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R. (1991) Amphibians and reptiles of the West Indies: descriptions, distributions, and natural history. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, Florida, xvi + 720 pp." type="book" year="1991">Schwartz & Henderson 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27335158FD44FC0DEDCAFBD8" author="Henderson, R. W. & Powell, R." box="[684,984,1015,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" refId="ref7511" refString="Henderson, R. W. & Powell, R. (2009) Natural history of West Indian amphibians and reptiles. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 495 pp." type="book" year="2009">Henderson & Powell 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) apply equally to both included species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927335158FF7FFBE1EF39FBFC" box="[151,299,1051,1077]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnstonei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FF7FFBE1EF39FBFC" box="[151,299,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">E. johnstonei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FED3FBE1EFDAFBFD" box="[315,456,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927335158FDE0FBE1ECAEFBFD" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[520,700,1051,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FDE0FBE1ECAEFBFD" box="[520,700,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">E. montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FD2BFBE1ED0FFBFC" bold="true" box="[707,797,1051,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215260327335158FD2BFBE1ED0FFBFC" box="[707,797,1051,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED476A27335158FF2FFBC5EDF8FAC4" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
The most natural habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927335158FDE3FBC5ECD0FB91" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[523,706,1087,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FDE3FBC5ECD0FB91" box="[523,706,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">E. montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FD24FBC5ED3AFB90" bold="true" box="[716,808,1087,1113]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215260327335158FD24FBC5ED3AFB90" box="[716,808,1087,1113]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27335158FCB0FBC5EDC1FB90" box="[856,979,1087,1113]" name="Montserrat" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Montserrat</collectingCountry>
|
||
is mesic forest, presumably its original habitat. However, the species also occurs in a diversity of other habitats modified by humans, such as roadside herbaceous growth, gardens, ornamental shrubs around houses and buildings, sugarcane fields, and palm groves. Males usually call from elevated places (e.g., leaves) up to one meter above the ground. Although the type locality and localities of most
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E9F9C827335158FE7BFB35EFECFB20" box="[403,510,1231,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
were altered by volcanic eruptions that began in
|
||
<date id="FFEC61AA27335158FBD8FB35EAB0FB20" box="[1072,1186,1230,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" value="1995-07">July 1995</date>
|
||
, scattered populations remain throughout the island and the species is abundant (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27335158FCC8FB09EDCDFAC4" author="Yuan, M. L. & Frederick, J. H. & McGuire, J. A. & Bell, R. C. & Smith, S. R. & Fenton, C. & Cassius, J. & Williams, R. & Wang, I. J. & Powell, R. & Hedges, S. B." box="[800,991,1267,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" pagination="2707 - 2722" refId="ref8258" refString="Yuan, M. L., Frederick, J. H., McGuire, J. A., Bell, R. C., Smith, S. R., Fenton, C., Cassius, J., Williams, R., Wang, I. J., Powell, R. & Hedges, S. B. (2022) Endemism, invasion, and overseas dispersal: the phylogeographic history of the Lesser Antillean frog, Eleutherodactylus johnstonei. Biological Invasions, 24, 2707 - 2722. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 022 - 02803 - 9" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Yuan
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FC8BFB09ED86FAC4" box="[867,916,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED476A27335158FF2FFAEDEEDAFA2C" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
As
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27335158FF18FAEDEFBEFAF8" author="Schwartz, A." box="[240,428,1303,1329]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref8121" refString="Schwartz, A. (1967) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in the Lesser Antilles. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 24, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1967">Schwartz (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated, in reference to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927335158FD51FAEDED42FAF8" box="[697,848,1303,1329]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnstonei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FD51FAEDED42FAF8" box="[697,848,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">E. johnstonei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FC8BFAEDEDC5FAF8" box="[867,983,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
), it is regularly encountered during the day in “almost any terrestrial situation which offers concealment and some moisture.” Both species are often encountered in great abundance. These characteristics, with a wide niche and occurring in abundance, explain why they have been introduced to so many islands. Currently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927335158FCC0FA79EDACFA54" box="[808,958,1411,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnstonei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FCC0FA79EDACFA54" box="[808,958,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">E. johnstonei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FC27FA79EA50FA54" box="[975,1090,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
) is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN Redlist (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27335158FE83FA5DEFE7FA08" author="IUCN" box="[363,501,1447,1473]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" refId="ref7546" refString="IUCN (2022) International Union for Conservation of Nature. Redlist of Threatened Species. International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland. Available from http: // www. iucnredlist. org / (accessed 10 January 2022)" type="url" year="2022">IUCN 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). That category should continue to be used for that species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927335158FB57FA5DEB61FA09" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[1215,1395,1447,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FB57FA5DEB61FA09" box="[1215,1395,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">E. montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FA93FA5DEEDAFA2C" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215260327335158FA93FA5DEEDAFA2C" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED476A27335158FF2FFA14EF6EF974" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FF2FFA14EF61F9C1" bold="true" box="[199,371,1518,1544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Reproduction.</emphasis>
|
||
Mean clutch size for
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D548CE327335158FD9CFA15ECE3F9C0" box="[628,753,1519,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="female">12 females</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927335158FCF4FA15EA94F9C1" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[796,1158,1519,1545]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FCF4FA15EA94F9C1" box="[796,1158,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Eleutherodactylus montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FB78FA15EAFEF9C0" bold="true" box="[1168,1260,1519,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215260327335158FB78FA15EAFEF9C0" box="[1168,1260,1519,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is 15.8 (range, 8–40), mean body mass (live) is
|
||
<quantity id="4CAAEA8F27335158FDFCF9E9EC4FF9E4" box="[532,605,1555,1581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.08" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" unit="g" value="1.08">1.08 g</quantity>
|
||
(range, 0.43–2.80), and relative clutch mass (clutch mass/body mass) is 10.8% (range 7–16%, n = 5). Mean live body mass of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D548CE327335158FD14F9CDED45F998" box="[764,855,1591,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="adult">33 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
males is
|
||
<quantity id="4CAAEA8F27335158FC29F9CCEA1AF998" box="[961,1032,1590,1617]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" unit="g" value="0.53">0.53 g</quantity>
|
||
(0.25–0.89). For comparison, mean clutch size for 10 gravid female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927335158FDEEF9A1EC89F9BC" box="[518,667,1627,1653]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="johnstonei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FDEEF9A1EC89F9BC" box="[518,667,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">E. johnstonei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FD41F9A1ED25F9BD" box="[681,823,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215260327335158FD41F9A1ED25F9BD" box="[681,823,1627,1652]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, is 15.8 (range 12–29), mean live body mass is
|
||
<quantity id="4CAAEA8F27335158FABEF9A1EB8EF9BC" box="[1366,1436,1627,1653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.24" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" unit="g" value="1.24">1.24 g</quantity>
|
||
(range 0.47–2.21), and relative clutch mass is 11.1% (range 6–16%). Mean live body mass of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D548CE327335158FB42F985EB16F950" box="[1194,1284,1663,1689]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="adult">74 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
males is
|
||
<quantity id="4CAAEA8F27335158FA83F985EEB7F974" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.8999999999999995" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" unit="g" value="0.69">0.69 g</quantity>
|
||
(range 0.47–1.10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34814E127335158FF2FF93DECC7F8CC" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED476A27335158FF2FF93DECC7F8CC" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FF2FF93DEF5AF928" bold="true" box="[199,328,1735,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The species name (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927335158FDC6F93DECD1F929" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[558,707,1735,1760]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FDC6F93DECD1F929" box="[558,707,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is a feminine genitive singular noun, referring to the native distribution of the species on the island of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27335158FDBAF911ECC3F8CC" box="[594,721,1771,1797]" name="Montserrat" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Montserrat</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34814E127335159FF2FF8F5EDF6FE40" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="384" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED476A27335159FF2FF8F5EF36FED4" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,393]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="384" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FF2FF8F5EF26F8E0" bold="true" box="[199,308,1807,1833]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27335158FEAAF8F5EC38F8E0" author="Schmid, M. & Steinlein, C. & Bogart, J. P. & Feichtinger, W. & Leon, P. & La Marca, E. & Diaz, L. M. & Sanz, A. & Chen, S. H. & Hedges, S. B." box="[322,554,1807,1833]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" pagination="1 - 568" refId="ref8016" refString="Schmid, M., Steinlein, C., Bogart, J. P., Feichtinger, W., Leon, P., La Marca, E., Diaz, L. M., Sanz, A., Chen, S. H. & Hedges, S. B. (2010) The chromosomes of terraranan frogs. Insights into vertebrate cytogenetics. Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 130 - 131, 1 - 568. https: // doi. org / 10.1159 / isbn. 978 - 3 - 8055 - 9608 - 4" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Schmid
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FE48F8F5EFCAF8E0" box="[416,472,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined chromosomes of seven individuals of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FBB9F8F5EB4DF8E0" box="[1105,1375,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927335158FBB9F8F5EAF4F8E0" box="[1105,1254,1807,1833]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="johnstonei">E. johnstonei</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215260327335158FB05F8F5EB4DF8E0" box="[1261,1375,1807,1833]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27335158FF7FF8C9EEECF884" box="[151,254,1843,1869]" name="Bermuda" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
and found all to be from the Western Clade (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927335158FCE7F8C9EDD6F885" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[783,964,1843,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FCE7F8C9EDD6F885" box="[783,964,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">E. montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FC23F8C9EA37F884" bold="true" box="[971,1061,1843,1869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215260327335158FC23F8C9EA37F884" box="[971,1061,1843,1869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). However, with DNA sequences of 15 individuals from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27335158FE7DF8ADEFEDF8B8" box="[405,511,1879,1905]" name="Bermuda" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27335158FDE0F8ADECDDF8B8" author="Yuan, M. L. & Frederick, J. H. & McGuire, J. A. & Bell, R. C. & Smith, S. R. & Fenton, C. & Cassius, J. & Williams, R. & Wang, I. J. & Powell, R. & Hedges, S. B." box="[520,719,1879,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" pagination="2707 - 2722" refId="ref8258" refString="Yuan, M. L., Frederick, J. H., McGuire, J. A., Bell, R. C., Smith, S. R., Fenton, C., Cassius, J., Williams, R., Wang, I. J., Powell, R. & Hedges, S. B. (2022) Endemism, invasion, and overseas dispersal: the phylogeographic history of the Lesser Antillean frog, Eleutherodactylus johnstonei. Biological Invasions, 24, 2707 - 2722. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10530 - 022 - 02803 - 9" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Yuan
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FDAFF8ADEC6DF8B8" box="[583,639,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discovered that while most were members of the Western Clade, some were of the Eastern Clade (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827335158FDE7F881ED2BF85D" box="[527,825,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927335158FDE7F881ECB6F85C" box="[527,676,1915,1941]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="johnstonei">E. johnstonei</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215260327335158FD43F881ED2BF85D" box="[683,825,1915,1940]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), thus establishing the only known location where the two species are known to co-occur. There are believed to be two 19
|
||
<superScript id="7C27EA2227335158FC7BF864EDB2F865" attach="left" box="[915,928,1950,1964]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">th</superScript>
|
||
Century introductions to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27335158FB2BF865EB3FF870" box="[1219,1325,1951,1977]" name="Bermuda" pageId="8" pageNumber="383">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but there is confusion as to their origin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27335158FE1DF839EC96F814" author="Kaiser, H." box="[501,644,1987,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="383" pagination="1391 - 1407" refId="ref7642" refString="Kaiser, H. (1997) Origins and introductions of the Caribbean frog, Eleutherodactylus johnstonei (Leptodactylidae): management and conservation concerns. Biodiversity and Conservation, 6, 1391 - 1407. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1018341814510" type="journal article" year="1997">Kaiser 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Because of the major chromosomal difference between the two species, involving sex chromosomes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27325159FDF1FF6DECE0FF78" author="Schmid, M. & Steinlein, C. & Bogart, J. P. & Feichtinger, W. & Leon, P. & La Marca, E. & Diaz, L. M. & Sanz, A. & Chen, S. H. & Hedges, S. B." box="[537,754,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="384" pagination="1 - 568" refId="ref8016" refString="Schmid, M., Steinlein, C., Bogart, J. P., Feichtinger, W., Leon, P., La Marca, E., Diaz, L. M., Sanz, A., Chen, S. H. & Hedges, S. B. (2010) The chromosomes of terraranan frogs. Insights into vertebrate cytogenetics. Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 130 - 131, 1 - 568. https: // doi. org / 10.1159 / isbn. 978 - 3 - 8055 - 9608 - 4" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Schmid
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827325159FD9FFF6DECBDFF78" box="[631,687,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="384">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and their long time of separation (~2 my), it is unlikely that they are able to hybridize. Nonetheless, those genetic markers, a potential call difference (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27325159FB4BFF41EB21FF1C" author="Kaiser, H." box="[1187,1331,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="384" pagination="264 - 273" refId="ref7589" refString="Kaiser, H. (1992) The trade-mediated introduction of Eleutherodactylus martinicensis (Anura, Leptodactylidae) on St-Barthelemy, French Antilles, and its implications for Lesser Antillean biogeography. Journal of Herpetology, 26, 264 - 273. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1564880." type="journal article" year="1992">Kaiser 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the morphological markers revealed here, will allow future study of this mixed population to determine if hybridization is occurring.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED476A27325159FF2FFEDDEDF6FE40" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="384">
|
||
I propose “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34507FA27325159FEABFEDDEFD3FE88" box="[323,449,295,321]" name="Montserrat" pageId="9" pageNumber="384">Montserrat</collectingCountry>
|
||
Whistling Frog” as the common name for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927325159FC42FEDDEA72FE89" authority="Hedges, 2022" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2022" box="[938,1120,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="384" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montserratae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827325159FC42FEDDEA72FE89" box="[938,1120,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="384">E. montserratae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827325159FB80FEDDEAD1FE88" bold="true" box="[1128,1219,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="384">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215260327325159FB80FEDDEAD1FE88" box="[1128,1219,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="384" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
following the conventions for common name formation outlined in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC33A9B27325159FD22FEB1EDA1FEAC" author="Hedges, S. B. & Powell, R. & Henderson, R. W. & Hanson, S. & Murphy, J. C." box="[714,947,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="384" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref7436" refString="Hedges, S. B., Powell, R., Henderson, R. W., Hanson, S. & Murphy, J. C. (2019) Definition of the Caribbean Islands biogeographic region, with checklist and recommendations for standardized common names of amphibians and reptiles. Caribbean Herpetology, 67, 1 - 53. https: // doi. org / 10.31611 / ch. 67" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Hedges
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827325159FCCDFEB1ED4CFEAC" box="[805,862,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="384">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Using the same conventions, I propose the revised common name, “Lesser Antilles Whistling Frog,” for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C523CE927325159FCA1FE95EDCFFE40" box="[841,989,367,393]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="384" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnstonei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9269B7827325159FCA1FE95EDCFFE40" box="[841,989,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="384">E. johnstonei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |