333 lines
45 KiB
XML
333 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="23B92D684983F96D757A87B80696D4B4" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.199149" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a04f72bd-a8a6-4758-b64d-11b2f67124bd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="199149" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460328493304" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lindsay, Dhugal & Pagès, Francesc" docDate="2010" docId="03FB7D12FF9DEA6A97BFFC4FFEECFB77" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02671p039.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2671" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Voragonema tatsunoko Lindsay & Pagès, 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FFC2056AFF9FEA6C9728FF8AFF87FF9B" masterDocTitle="Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae)" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1698258236734" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="329224FE82A53DFBD7455C3830E2C153">
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<mods:title id="80352FD752CF8B6D89E4F0070A2A7601">Voragonema tatsunoko (Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae), a new species of benthopelagic medusa, host to the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli (Physosomata: Mimonectidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="51A616697B73159E0B093A7A923F6CAB" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="E4976CB4DB037AB6B93BEFB925C1141B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FAEE440332F3CFDA427E2395744E56BF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3168D846A0FDC9D71A89048227F604FC">Lindsay, Dhugal</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="4E4DC41446280F185C58FD5300E55335" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AEAFD5CF95CA96B482876E897EB654E6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8E0FE3540F08202E7F4AA9033AA0941E">Pagès, Francesc</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2476B3182388ED650F06C06E48AA7009">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="8AEC1C93F8CB3244AC98A0DFCD59887D" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="824B9808EBAAB512843C0DFF94F30406">
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<mods:title id="A316C55F184C31D513977F196E96DBC3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="892FF93AC039D907A5F94A6060CE3DEA">
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<mods:date id="3D7F5161AF2D8DF8B6A35FB4F8FB4F97">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="88F021D56A8BF38BFFFCE74316016485" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2D4DA413CAA8C82123F674CA562319DB">2671</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D3220151EC2AEEB3ECF2E1D64E01DF1E">31</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="CD1BB96D59030DA341E450B6DECF27F8">39</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="6B438C375CF01971C38145863C7F692C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6F945EC130EE9A90A6048754419C1B14" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.199149</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BE325AA8067517AD9707AF7F5B025320" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E420F88342554958E6635C19C5D3E192" type="Zenodo-Dep">199149</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FB7D12FF9DEA6A97BFFC4FFEECFB77" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6207675" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119404161" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6207675" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB7D12FF9DEA6A97BFFC4FFEECFB77" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB7D12FF9DEA6A97BFFC4FFEECFB77" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection id="C3489F8FFF9DEA6F97BFFC4FFDE8F90C" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEDCC04FF9DEA6E97BFFC4FFD95FC44" blockId="2.[151,530,965,991]" box="[151,530,965,991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
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<heading id="D0A57B68FF9DEA6E97BFFC4FFD95FC44" bold="true" box="[151,530,965,991]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9261016FF9DEA6E97BFFC4FFD95FC44" bold="true" box="[151,530,965,991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF9DEA6E97BFFC4FFE2BFC44" ID-CoL="7Z6Z6" box="[151,428,965,991]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tatsunoko" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9261016FF9DEA6E97BFFC4FFE2BFC44" bold="true" box="[151,428,965,991]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Voragonema tatsunoko</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A215AD6DFF9DEA6E969CFC4FFD95FC44" box="[436,530,965,991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEDCC04FF9DEA6E97BFFB87FADDFBE9" blockId="2.[151,1436,1037,1436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF9DEA6E97BFFB87FEACFBBD" box="[151,299,1037,1062]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9261016FF9DEA6E97BFFB87FEACFBBD" box="[151,299,1037,1062]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Voragonema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with subumbrella rose-orange-coloured, peduncle medium, manubrium vermillion, beige-cream gonads pendant from just above the midpoint of the radial canals, circular canal with nine triangular-based filamentous centripetal expansions in each octant, about 1050 marginal tentacles of 2
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<typeStatus id="54E972A6FF9DEA6E93ABFBD2FB46FBE9" box="[1155,1217,1112,1138]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">types</typeStatus>
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in 6–7 rows.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEDCC04FF9DEA6E97EEFBF7FF7AFAC9" blockId="2.[151,1436,1037,1436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="B9261016FF9DEA6E97EEFBF7FE3CFB0C" bold="true" box="[198,443,1149,1175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Species description.</emphasis>
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Umbrella slightly more conical than hemispherical, not as high (
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<quantity id="4CAA61E1FF9DEA6E939AFBF7FA81FB0C" box="[1202,1286,1149,1175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
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) as wide (
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<quantity id="4CAA61E1FF9DEA6E9256FBF7FF4FFB27" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="1369D081FF9DEA6E97C9FB28FEA1FB27" box="[225,294,1186,1212]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,1493,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[209,1378,1493,1883]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Specimen of Voragonema tatsunoko with the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli Stephensen and Pirlot, 1931 attached [paratype: 2 K 1337 SS 6 h]. Specimen collected at 15: 24: 36 above muddy sediment in Suruga Bay at 1967 m depth on 7 April 2002 and photographed in an aquarium on board ship. Voragonema tatsunoko: lateral (A), apicolateral (B), and oral (C) views; scale: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199150/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A) [all measurements based on the living
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<typeStatus id="54E972A6FF9DEA6E9400FB28FC15FB27" box="[808,914,1186,1212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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which shrunk to approximately 70% of its original size after preservation;
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<typeStatus id="54E972A6FF9DEA6E953DFB42FDFBFB79" box="[533,636,1224,1250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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umbrellar height was
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<quantity id="4CAA61E1FF9DEA6E94A1FB42FC64FB79" box="[905,995,1224,1250]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
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]; mesoglea
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<quantity id="4CAA61E1FF9DEA6E9358FB42FB4BFB79" box="[1136,1228,1224,1250]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
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thick in the apex and tapering towards the umbrella margin; exumbrella transparent with fine meridional ridges, subumbrella pale rose-orange (
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<figureCitation id="1369D081FF9DEA6E9644FA98FE28FAB7" box="[364,431,1298,1324]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,1493,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[209,1378,1493,1883]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Specimen of Voragonema tatsunoko with the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli Stephensen and Pirlot, 1931 attached [paratype: 2 K 1337 SS 6 h]. Specimen collected at 15: 24: 36 above muddy sediment in Suruga Bay at 1967 m depth on 7 April 2002 and photographed in an aquarium on board ship. Voragonema tatsunoko: lateral (A), apicolateral (B), and oral (C) views; scale: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199150/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A, B, C), hemispherical in fresh specimens, with circular and crossed oblique-radial muscles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEDCC04FF9DEA6E97EDFAD7FE77FA07" blockId="2.[151,1436,1037,1436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
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Gastric peduncle medium, cylindrical, pale rose-orange, one quarter of subumbrella height,
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<quantity id="4CAA61E1FF9DEA6E9208FAD7FAFAFAEC" box="[1312,1405,1373,1399]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
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in diameter and
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<quantity id="4CAA61E1FF9DEA6E961EFA08FEFDFA07" box="[310,378,1410,1436]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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in height.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2D9C8CFF9DEA6E97BFF8F9FDFCF871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199150/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" targetBox="[209,1378,1493,1883]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BEDCC04FF9DEA6E97BFF8F9FDFCF871" blockId="2.[151,1436,1907,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="B9261016FF9DEA6E97BFF8F9FE9EF810" bold="true" box="[151,281,1907,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF9DEA6E9683F8F9FD27F811" box="[427,672,1907,1930]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
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<emphasis id="B9261016FF9DEA6E9683F8F9FD27F811" box="[427,672,1907,1930]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Voragonema tatsunoko</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with the hyperiid amphipod
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<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF9DEA6E94FAF8F9FF4AF831" authority="Stephensen and Pirlot, 1931" authorityName="Stephensen and Pirlot" authorityYear="1931" class="Malacostraca" family="Mimonectidae" genus="Mimonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spandli">
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<emphasis id="B9261016FF9DEA6E94FAF8F9FB20F811" box="[978,1191,1907,1930]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Mimonectes spandli</emphasis>
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Stephensen and Pirlot, 1931
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</taxonomicName>
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attached [paratype: 2K1337SS6h]. Specimen collected at 15:24:36 above muddy sediment in Suruga Bay at 1967 m depth on 7 April 2002 and photographed in an aquarium on board ship.
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<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF9DEA6E94E5F839FB4FF851" box="[973,1224,1971,1994]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
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<emphasis id="B9261016FF9DEA6E94E5F839FB4FF851" box="[973,1224,1971,1994]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Voragonema tatsunoko</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: lateral (A), apicolateral (B), and oral (C) views; scale: 10 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF2D9C8CFF9CEA6F97BFFD4DFCA2FCA4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199151/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[151,1430,194,690]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BEDCC04FF9CEA6F97BFFD4DFCA2FCA4" blockId="3.[151,1437,711,831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="B9261016FF9CEA6F97BFFD4DFEA7FD44" bold="true" box="[151,288,711,735]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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Lateral views of the holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF9CEA6F95B5FD42FC18FD44" box="[669,927,712,735]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
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<emphasis id="B9261016FF9CEA6F95B5FD42FC18FD44" box="[669,927,712,735]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Voragonema tatsunoko</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[2K1337SS6g], collected at 15:18:15, under darkfield illumination (A) and transmitted light (B), and the paratype [2K1337SS6h] under transmitted light after removal of the parasitoid amphipod (C). Note the striations on the external surface of the exumbrella (A), reminiscent of those in
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<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF9CEA6F97D9FCA2FD03FCA4" authority="Kramp, 1913" authorityName="Kramp" authorityYear="1913" box="[241,644,808,831]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Crossota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rufobrunnea">
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<emphasis id="B9261016FF9CEA6F97D9FCA2FE5AFCA4" box="[241,477,808,831]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Crossota rufobrunnea</emphasis>
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(Kramp, 1913)
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</taxonomicName>
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; scale: 10 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BEDCC04FF9CEA6F97EDFCE7FC91FC37" blockId="3.[151,1437,877,1986]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Radial canals 8, whitish, translucent, straight, of uniform width but with perpendicularly striated tissue beneath the distal half causing them to appear broader.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEDCC04FF9CEA6F97EDFC32FD08FBD9" blockId="3.[151,1437,877,1986]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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Manubrium long, narrow, square and vermillion in fresh specimens (
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<figureCitation id="1369D081FF9CEA6F933CFC32FBDDFC49" box="[1044,1114,952,978]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,1493,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[209,1378,1493,1883]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Specimen of Voragonema tatsunoko with the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli Stephensen and Pirlot, 1931 attached [paratype: 2 K 1337 SS 6 h]. Specimen collected at 15: 24: 36 above muddy sediment in Suruga Bay at 1967 m depth on 7 April 2002 and photographed in an aquarium on board ship. Voragonema tatsunoko: lateral (A), apicolateral (B), and oral (C) views; scale: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199150/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A, B, C) and brown when preserved (
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<figureCitation id="1369D081FF9CEA6F960CFC57FEF6FC6C" box="[292,369,989,1015]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,259,711,735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,194,690]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,690]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lateral views of the holotype of Voragonema tatsunoko [2 K 1337 SS 6 g], collected at 15: 18: 15, under darkfield illumination (A) and transmitted light (B), and the paratype [2 K 1337 SS 6 h] under transmitted light after removal of the parasitoid amphipod (C). Note the striations on the external surface of the exumbrella (A), reminiscent of those in Crossota rufobrunnea (Kramp, 1913); scale: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199151/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A, B, C), over twice the length of the peduncle; mouth with four flared simple lips; manubrial cavity not divided into gastric pouches; peduncle and manubrium height approximately equal to that of the subumbrella in fresh specimens.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEDCC04FF9CEA6F97EDFBC7FD54FB17" blockId="3.[151,1437,877,1986]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Gonads beige-cream, laterally flattened, with distal margin of attachment at midpoint of radial canals, not extending onto upper one-third, distally pendant.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEDCC04FF9CEA6F97EDFB12FEA1FB4C" blockId="3.[151,1437,877,1986]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Ring canal rose-orange, wide, with nine triangular-based filamentous centripetal expansions between each radial canal.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEDCC04FF9CEA6F97EDFB68FEAAF9BC" blockId="3.[151,1437,877,1986]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
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Tentacles rose-orange and translucent, of two
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<typeStatus id="54E972A6FF9CEA6F942CFB68FCCEFB67" box="[772,841,1250,1276]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">types</typeStatus>
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, superimposed in 6–7 rows, following a regular pattern as follows: outermost row of 80 solid tentacles, with adnate bases, situated below each of the centripetal and radial canals, arranged in pairs below the centripetal canals but with the centralmost and those below the radial canals singular, in the pattern 2-2-1-2-2-1 per octant; second outermost row also with 80 solid tentacles, in pairs below each of the singular outermost tentacles; third outermost row with 48 large solid tentacles pointing downwards and situated below the spaces between the tentacles of the two outermost rows; up to 4 rows of thinner, hollow, annulate tentacles of a second
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<typeStatus id="54E972A6FF9CEA6F94ACFA48FC3DFA47" box="[900,954,1474,1500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
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, approximately 108 tentacles per octant. Total tentacle number approximately 1075, with 208 of the larger, solid
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<typeStatus id="54E972A6FF9CEA6F94D4FA62FBB7F999" box="[1020,1072,1512,1538]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
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and situated in the outer rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369D081FF9CEA6F97B7F987FF63F9BC" box="[159,228,1549,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[283,1305,217,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[278,1316,194,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. (A) Lateral view of the holotype of Voragonema tatsunoko [2 K 1337 SS 6 g], collected at 15: 18: 15; scale: 1 mm. (B) detail of the bell margin of the paratype [2 K 1337 SS 6 h], from the external surface showing the proximal part of the autotomized marginal tentacles superimposed in several rows together; scale: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199152/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDCC04FF9CEA6F97EDF9B8FCD5F9D7" blockId="3.[151,1437,877,1986]" box="[197,850,1586,1612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Statocysts free, numerous, approximately 20 per octant.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDCC04FF9CEA6F97EDF9D2FDE8F90C" blockId="3.[151,1437,877,1986]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Velum translucent, pale rose-orange,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA61E1FF9CEA6F95AEF9D2FD65F9E9" box="[646,738,1624,1650]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, with two marked muscle bands, the inner twice the width of the outer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369D081FF9CEA6F9650F9F7FE3AF90C" box="[376,445,1661,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,259,711,735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,194,690]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,690]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lateral views of the holotype of Voragonema tatsunoko [2 K 1337 SS 6 g], collected at 15: 18: 15, under darkfield illumination (A) and transmitted light (B), and the paratype [2 K 1337 SS 6 h] under transmitted light after removal of the parasitoid amphipod (C). Note the striations on the external surface of the exumbrella (A), reminiscent of those in Crossota rufobrunnea (Kramp, 1913); scale: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199151/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369D081FF9CEA6F952CF9F7FDCFF90C" box="[516,584,1661,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[283,1305,217,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[278,1316,194,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. (A) Lateral view of the holotype of Voragonema tatsunoko [2 K 1337 SS 6 g], collected at 15: 18: 15; scale: 1 mm. (B) detail of the bell margin of the paratype [2 K 1337 SS 6 h], from the external surface showing the proximal part of the autotomized marginal tentacles superimposed in several rows together; scale: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199152/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3489F8FFF9CEA6A97EEF928FEECFB77" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDCC04FF9CEA6A97EEF928FA86FF67" blockId="3.[151,1437,877,1986]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,152,1260]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF9CEA6F97EEF928FEB8F927" bold="true" box="[198,319,1698,1724]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
An immature male of the rare hyperiid amphipod
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF9CEA6F94B5F929FF53F979" authority="Stephensen and Pirlot, 1931" authorityName="Stephensen and Pirlot" authorityYear="1931" class="Malacostraca" family="Mimonectidae" genus="Mimonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spandli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF9CEA6F94B5F929FB0DF927" box="[925,1162,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Mimonectes spandli</emphasis>
|
||
Stephensen and Pirlot, 1931
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, measuring
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA61E1FF9CEA6F9649F942FE3CF979" box="[353,443,1736,1762]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="6.6">6.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
from head to telson, was attached to the subumbrella next to a gonad in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E972A6FF9CEA6F921FF942FA1BF979" box="[1335,1436,1736,1762]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369D081FF9CEA6F9631F967FEDAF89C" box="[281,349,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,1493,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[209,1378,1493,1883]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Specimen of Voragonema tatsunoko with the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli Stephensen and Pirlot, 1931 attached [paratype: 2 K 1337 SS 6 h]. Specimen collected at 15: 24: 36 above muddy sediment in Suruga Bay at 1967 m depth on 7 April 2002 and photographed in an aquarium on board ship. Voragonema tatsunoko: lateral (A), apicolateral (B), and oral (C) views; scale: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199150/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B, C). This is only the fourth record of this species in the literature and the first record outside of the Atlantic Ocean, being a significant range extension (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3B1F5FF9CEA6F9499F898FB4DF8B7" author="Vinogradov" box="[945,1226,1810,1836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" refString="Vinogradov, M. E., Volkov, A. & Semenova, T. N. (1996) Hyperiid amphipods (Amphipoda, Hyperiidea) of the world oceans. Science Publishers, Lebanon, 632 pp." type="book" year="1996">
|
||
Vinogradov
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF9CEA6F936EF899FB05F8B7" box="[1094,1154,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although this is the eleventh example of an association between a hyperiid amphipod of the Infraorder Physosomata and a gelatinous macroplanktonic host, it is only the second within the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF9CEA6F94F5F8D7FADAF8EC" authority="Bovallius, 1885" authorityName="Bovallius" authorityYear="1885" box="[989,1373,1885,1911]" class="Malacostraca" family="Mimonectidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mimonectidae (Bovallius, 1885)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with Gasca
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF9CEA6F97CDF809FEA7F807" box="[229,288,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006) reporting a congener
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF9CEA6F955EF809FBCCF807" authority="Bovallius, 1885" authorityName="Bovallius" authorityYear="1885" box="[630,1099,1922,1948]" class="Malacostraca" family="Mimonectidae" genus="Mimonectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sphaericus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF9CEA6F955EF809FC0DF807" box="[630,906,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Mimonectes sphaericus</emphasis>
|
||
Bovallius, 1885
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(male) as an associate of the prayid siphonophore
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF9CEA6F96BBF822FCF0F859" authority="Bigelow, 1911" authorityName="Bigelow" authorityYear="1911" box="[403,887,1960,1986]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Prayidae" genus="Nectadamas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diomedeae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF9CEA6F96BBF822FD2BF85A" box="[403,684,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Nectadamas diomedeae</emphasis>
|
||
(Bigelow, 1911)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Only one previous example of an association between a trachymedusa of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF99EA6A9570FF12FD6BFF2A" box="[600,748,152,177]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A9570FF12FD6BFF2A" box="[600,748,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Voragonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and another organism exists in the literature.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3B1F5FF99EA6A9220FF12FF6CFF4C" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" refString="Larson, R. J., Mills, C. E. & Harbison, G. R. (1991) Western Atlantic midwater hydrozoan and scyphozoan medusae: in situ studies using manned submersibles. Hydrobiologia, 216 / 217, 311 - 317." type="journal article">
|
||
Larson
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A9249FF12FA1BFF2A" box="[1377,1436,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1991)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
report an association between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF99EA6A9555FF37FD68FF4D" box="[637,751,189,214]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Crossota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A9555FF37FD68FF4D" box="[637,751,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Crossota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF99EA6A943CFF37FC33FF4D" box="[788,948,189,214]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A943CFF37FC33FF4D" box="[788,948,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Voragonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF99EA6A94E0FF37FAB8FF4C" authority="Bigelow, 1913" authorityName="Bigelow" authorityYear="1913" box="[968,1343,189,215]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Benthocodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A94E0FF37FBE2FF4D" box="[968,1125,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3B1F5FF99EA6A9350FF37FAB1FF4C" author="Bigelow" box="[1144,1334,189,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" refString="Bigelow, H. B. (1913) Medusae and Siphonophorae collected by the U. S. Fisheries steamer " Albatross " in the northwestern Pacific, 1906. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 44 (1946), 1 - 119, plates 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1913">Bigelow, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and an unidentified pycnogonid species between
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA61E1FF99EA6A95AAFF68FC80FF67" box="[642,775,226,252]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" metricValueMax="9.1" metricValueMin="8.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="870.0" valueMax="910.0" valueMin="830.0">830–910 m</quantity>
|
||
in the benthopelagic layer in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3458C94FF99EA6A934BFF68FB7AFF67" box="[1123,1277,226,252]" name="Bahamas" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2D9C8CFF9BEA6897BFF81AFBC5F875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199152/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[283,1305,217,1908]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDCC04FF9BEA6897BFF81AFBC5F875" blockId="4.[151,1436,1936,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF9BEA6897BFF81AFE9DF833" bold="true" box="[151,282,1936,1960]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Lateral view of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF9BEA689580F81BFC26F833" box="[680,929,1937,1960]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF9BEA689580F81BFC26F833" box="[680,929,1937,1960]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Voragonema tatsunoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[2K1337SS6g], collected at 15:18:15; scale: 1 mm. (B) detail of the bell margin of the paratype [2K1337SS6h], from the external surface showing the proximal part of the autotomized marginal tentacles superimposed in several rows together; scale: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDCC04FF99EA6A97EEFE82FF32FCB7" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1260]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
|
||
The presence of centripetal expansions arising from the ring canal places this trachymedusan species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF99EA6A9627FEA7FDDCFEDC" authority="Naumov, 1971" authorityName="Naumov" authorityYear="1971" box="[271,603,301,327]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A9627FEA7FE23FEDD" box="[271,420,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Voragonema</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3B1F5FF99EA6A9683FEA7FDDCFEDC" author="Naumov" box="[427,603,301,327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" refString="Naumov, D. V. (1971) Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova. [Hydromedusae and scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka trench]. Trudy Institute Okeanologii, 92, 9 - 17." type="journal article" year="1971">Naumov, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF99EA6A954FFEA7FB16FEDC" authority="Lindsay & Pages, 2010" authorityName="Lindsay & Pages" authorityYear="2010" box="[615,1169,301,327]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A954FFEA7FCF2FEDD" box="[615,885,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Voragonema tatsunoko</emphasis>
|
||
Lindsay & Pagès, 2010
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs markedly from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF99EA6A97BFFED8FD8CFEF7" authority="Naumov, 1971" authorityName="Naumov" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,523,338,364]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="profundicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A97BFFED8FED7FEF0" box="[151,336,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">V. profundicola</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3B1F5FF99EA6A9671FED8FD8CFEF7" author="Naumov" box="[345,523,338,364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" refString="Naumov, D. V. (1971) Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova. [Hydromedusae and scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka trench]. Trudy Institute Okeanologii, 92, 9 - 17." type="journal article" year="1971">Naumov, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the markedly greater number of tentacles (1050 vs 500) and from other described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF99EA6A96A0FEF2FD9BFE0A" box="[392,540,376,401]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A96A0FEF2FD9BFE0A" box="[392,540,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Voragonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the shape and number (9) of the centripetal canals (Table 1). Preservation in 5% formalin-seawater has lead to shrinkage and distortion in both of the specimens with one becoming more conical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369D081FF99EA6A9668FE48FE01FE47" box="[320,390,450,476]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,259,711,735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,194,690]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,690]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lateral views of the holotype of Voragonema tatsunoko [2 K 1337 SS 6 g], collected at 15: 18: 15, under darkfield illumination (A) and transmitted light (B), and the paratype [2 K 1337 SS 6 h] under transmitted light after removal of the parasitoid amphipod (C). Note the striations on the external surface of the exumbrella (A), reminiscent of those in Crossota rufobrunnea (Kramp, 1913); scale: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199151/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C) while the other now exhibits a somewhat flattened exumbrella (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369D081FF99EA6A93B0FE48FB5AFE47" box="[1176,1245,450,476]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,259,711,735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,194,690]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,690]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lateral views of the holotype of Voragonema tatsunoko [2 K 1337 SS 6 g], collected at 15: 18: 15, under darkfield illumination (A) and transmitted light (B), and the paratype [2 K 1337 SS 6 h] under transmitted light after removal of the parasitoid amphipod (C). Note the striations on the external surface of the exumbrella (A), reminiscent of those in Crossota rufobrunnea (Kramp, 1913); scale: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199151/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A)—resembling that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF99EA6A97C6FE62FE2FFD9A" box="[238,424,488,513]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="profundicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A97C6FE62FE2FFD9A" box="[238,424,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">V. profundicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the diagram by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3B1F5FF99EA6A95A7FE62FCD4FD99" author="Naumov" box="[655,851,488,514]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" refString="Naumov, D. V. (1971) Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova. [Hydromedusae and scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka trench]. Trudy Institute Okeanologii, 92, 9 - 17." type="journal article" year="1971">Naumov (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The colour of the manubrium has also changed from vermillion to brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369D081FF99EA6A96F8FD87FD91FDBC" box="[464,534,525,551]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,1493,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[209,1378,1493,1883]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Specimen of Voragonema tatsunoko with the hyperiid amphipod Mimonectes spandli Stephensen and Pirlot, 1931 attached [paratype: 2 K 1337 SS 6 h]. Specimen collected at 15: 24: 36 above muddy sediment in Suruga Bay at 1967 m depth on 7 April 2002 and photographed in an aquarium on board ship. Voragonema tatsunoko: lateral (A), apicolateral (B), and oral (C) views; scale: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199150/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1369D081FF99EA6A956DFD87FD0DFDBC" box="[581,650,525,551]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,259,711,735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,194,690]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,690]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lateral views of the holotype of Voragonema tatsunoko [2 K 1337 SS 6 g], collected at 15: 18: 15, under darkfield illumination (A) and transmitted light (B), and the paratype [2 K 1337 SS 6 h] under transmitted light after removal of the parasitoid amphipod (C). Note the striations on the external surface of the exumbrella (A), reminiscent of those in Crossota rufobrunnea (Kramp, 1913); scale: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199151/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A). The determination of whether
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF99EA6A9331FD87FB4CFDBD" box="[1049,1227,525,550]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="profundicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A9331FD87FB4CFDBD" box="[1049,1227,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">V. profundicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does indeed have a flattened exumbrella or whether the original colour of the manubrium was in fact brown or some other colour will need to await collection of fresh specimens from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E972A6FF99EA6A94BDFDD2FC4FFDE9" box="[917,968,600,626]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA61E1FF99EA6A9379FDD2FB73FDE9" box="[1105,1268,600,626]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="8.7" metricValueMin="6.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="7750.0" valueMax="8700.0" valueMin="6800.0">6800–8700 m</quantity>
|
||
in the Kurile- Kamchatka Trench.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3458C94FF99EA6A96AEFDF7FE20FD0C" box="[390,423,637,663]" name="American Samoa" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
the other three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF99EA6A95F7FDF7FCF4FD0D" box="[735,883,637,662]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A95F7FDF7FCF4FD0D" box="[735,883,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Voragonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are benthopelagic in habitat, it can be inferred that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF99EA6A97E4FD28FE03FD20" box="[204,388,674,699]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="profundicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A97E4FD28FE03FD20" box="[204,388,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">V. profundicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may also be so. The loss of the world's deepest diving submersible platform, the ROV
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A97BFFD42FF67FD7A" box="[151,224,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Kaiko</emphasis>
|
||
, in
|
||
<date id="FFECEAC4FF99EA6A9639FD42FE09FD79" box="[273,398,712,738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" value="2003-05">May 2003</date>
|
||
is therefore unfortunate and procuration of further specimens may only be possible following the development of a new submersible platform with the capability of reaching depths of over
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA61E1FF99EA6A9249FD67FF36FCB7" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" unit="m" value="7000.0">7000 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDCC04FF99EA6A97EEFCB2FC6EFBCC" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1260]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
|
||
In total, seven specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF99EA6A953EFCB2FD21FCCA" box="[534,678,824,849]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A953EFCB2FD21FCCA" box="[534,678,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">V. tatsunoko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were observed during 64 minutes over the muddy bottom in the central axis of the Suruga Trough where the current speed was 0.1 knots, current direction 240˚. The specimen without the commensal amphipod pulsed at a rate of 0.7 Hz (11 times in 16.5 seconds), and that with the amphipod also pulsed at 0.7 Hz (7 times in 10 seconds), suggesting that the presence of the amphipod did not affect swimming ability. Other members of the benthopelagic fauna included a species of the lobate ctenophore
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF99EA6A9609FC78FE20FB90" box="[289,423,1010,1035]" class="Tentaculata" family="Bathocyroidae" genus="Bathocyroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lobata" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A9609FC78FE20FB90" box="[289,423,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Bathocyroe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that had black pigmentation on the inner surfaces of the lobes and auricles as well as dark red-brown pigmentation on the gut, mysids, gammarid amphipods,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF99EA6A94DDFB92FA1FFBA9" authority="Vanhoffen, 1902" authorityName="Vanhoffen" authorityYear="1902" box="[1013,1432,1048,1074]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Poralia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A94DDFB92FB40FBAA" box="[1013,1223,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Poralia rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
Vanhöffen, 1902
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, munnopsid isopods, oikopleurids and an orange-pigmented chaetognath.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEDCC04FF99EA6A97EEFBE8FEECFB77" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1260]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
|
||
In conclusion, the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF99EA6A96C2FBE9FDF9FBE7" box="[490,638,1123,1148]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A96C2FBE9FDF9FBE7" box="[490,638,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Voragonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presently comprises four species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF99EA6A933AFBE9FAFDFBE7" authority="Naumov, 1971" authorityName="Naumov" authorityYear="1971" box="[1042,1402,1122,1148]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="profundicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A933AFBE9FB43FBE7" box="[1042,1220,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">V. profundicola</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3B1F5FF99EA6A93E4FBE8FAFDFBE7" author="Naumov" box="[1228,1402,1122,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" refString="Naumov, D. V. (1971) Gydroidnye i stsifoidnye medusy iz Kurilo-Kamchatskogo zhelova. [Hydromedusae and scyphomedusae from the Kurile-Kamchatka trench]. Trudy Institute Okeanologii, 92, 9 - 17." type="journal article" year="1971">Naumov, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF99EA6A92AEFBE9FE76FB39" authority="Bigelow, 1913" authorityName="Bigelow" authorityYear="1913" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A92AEFBE9FEAFFB3A" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">V. pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3B1F5FF99EA6A961FFB02FE6FFB39" author="Bigelow" box="[311,488,1160,1186]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" refString="Bigelow, H. B. (1913) Medusae and Siphonophorae collected by the U. S. Fisheries steamer " Albatross " in the northwestern Pacific, 1906. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 44 (1946), 1 - 119, plates 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1913">Bigelow, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A96D5FB02FDF8FB3A" box="[509,639,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">V. l a c i n i a t a</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC3B1F5FF99EA6A95A2FB02FCF1FB39" author="Bouillon" box="[650,886,1160,1186]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" refString="Bouillon, J., Pages, F. & Gili, J. - M. (2001) New species of benthopelagic hydromedusae from the Weddell Sea. Polar Biology, 24, 839 - 845." type="journal article" year="2001">Bouillon et al, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and the species described herein,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C52B787FF99EA6A9225FB02FE2BFB5C" authority="Lindsay & Pages, 2010" authorityName="Lindsay & Pages" authorityYear="2010" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhopalonematidae" genus="Voragonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tatsunoko">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9261016FF99EA6A9225FB02FA1BFB3A" box="[1293,1436,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">V. tatsunoko</emphasis>
|
||
Lindsay & Pagès, 2010
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The number and shape of the centripetal canals (Table 1) easily identifies this newlydescribed species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |