170 lines
23 KiB
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170 lines
23 KiB
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<mods:title id="28A1ECAC6BE6A4C1862F07536B9A4328">Pycnogonids (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) from the Southwest Indian Ridge</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A3B1C9022A2282C82B85773AC984C103">Staples, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C1C588606F37606D888289C34C79F7C3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8D5EC44E409C67A4CB512B450662C355">
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<mods:date id="27D2D2A6D7FE764C918827C80354EB34">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="833EACBB6D2F25BFBEF943783B8846E7">2019-03-18</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03895C33290C4F1AFF01FE00FD74FA68" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5944904" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154435134" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5944904" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03895C33290C4F1AFF01FE00FD74FA68" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03895C33290C4F1AFF01FE00FD74FA68" lastPageNumber="430" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
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<subSubSection id="C33ABEAE290C4F1AFF01FE00FEDEFE31" box="[151,350,434,460]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9FED25290C4F1AFF01FE00FEDEFE31" blockId="29.[151,350,434,494]" box="[151,350,434,460]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
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<heading id="D0D75A49290C4F1AFF01FE00FEDEFE31" bold="true" box="[151,350,434,460]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9543137290C4F1AFF01FE00FEDEFE31" bold="true" box="[151,350,434,460]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2096A6290C4F1AFF01FE00FEB4FE31" ID-CoL="84MH3" authorityName="Jarzynsky" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,308,434,460]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Colossendeidae" genus="Colossendeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9543137290C4F1AFF01FE00FEB4FE31" bold="true" box="[151,308,434,460]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Colossendeis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33ABEAE290C4F1AFF01FE67FE99FE10" box="[151,281,469,494]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9FED25290C4F1AFF01FE67FE99FE10" blockId="29.[151,350,434,494]" box="[151,281,469,494]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
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<figureCitation id="131BF1A0290C4F1AFF01FE67FE99FE10" box="[151,281,469,494]" captionStart="PLATE 5" captionStartId="44.[151,234,1740,1762]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[151,1436,193,1718]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="PLATE 5. Colossendeis sp. A, proboscis lateral; B, palp. Colossendeis melancholicus. C, specimen on rock wall. D, specimen with proboscis inserted into Isactinernus quadrilobatus. Hedgpethia filamentus sp. nov., holotype. E, trunk, lateral view; F, trunk, dorsal view. Hedgpethia shalei sp. nov., holotype. G, trunk, lateral view; H, trunk, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2598997/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Plate 5A, B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33ABEAE290C4F1AFF01FDAFFE4BFD83" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9FED25290C4F1AFF01FDAFFE4BFD83" blockId="29.[151,1437,541,1430]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
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<emphasis id="B9543137290C4F1AFF01FDAFFEFEFDCB" bold="true" box="[151,382,541,566]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Material examined</emphasis>
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. One specimen of indeterminate sex (NHMUK 2018.35), Southwest Indian Ridge, Coral Seamount, 41˚ 21.32.99' S, 42˚.55.033' E, ROV,
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<quantity id="4CD840C0290C4F1AFD54FDF3FC8DFDA4" box="[706,781,577,602]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.629999999999999" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" unit="m" value="863.0">863 m</quantity>
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, specimen JCO66-578, stn 4.9, parent 971, on dead coral rubble,
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<date id="FF9ECBE5290C4F1AFF7AFDD4FE48FD83" box="[236,456,613,638]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" value="2011-11-14">14 November 2011</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33ABEAE290C4F1AFF51FD3BFB91FD5F" box="[199,1041,649,674]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B9FED25290C4F1AFF51FD3BFB91FD5F" blockId="29.[151,1437,541,1430]" box="[199,1041,649,674]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
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<emphasis id="B9543137290C4F1AFF51FD3BFEE0FD5F" bold="true" box="[199,352,649,674]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Distribution.</emphasis>
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This genus is found world-wide in all deep-sea ocean basins.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33ABEAE290C4F1AFF51FD1FFD74FA68" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9FED25290C4F1AFF51FD1FFA84FB88" blockId="29.[151,1437,541,1430]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
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<emphasis id="B9543137290C4F1AFF51FD1FFEBBFD3B" bold="true" box="[199,315,685,710]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The leg span of this specimen is about
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<quantity id="4CD840C0290C4F1AFCDBFD1FFC36FD38" box="[845,950,685,710]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.76" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" unit="mm" value="276.0">276 mm</quantity>
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. This specimen belongs to a group of morphologically similar species that collectively form the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2096A6290C4F1AFCACFD63FB75FD17" authority="Wilson, 1881" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1881" box="[826,1269,721,746]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Colossendeidae" genus="Colossendeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macerrima">
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<emphasis id="B9543137290C4F1AFCACFD63FBD2FD14" box="[826,1106,721,746]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Colossendeis macerrima</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB190D4290C4F1AFBCAFD63FB75FD17" author="Wilson, E. B." box="[1116,1269,721,746]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="239 - 256" refId="ref29809" refString="Wilson, E. B. (1881) Report on the Pycnogonida. Reports on the Results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, along the east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer Blake, COMMANDER J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comprehensive Zoology, Harvard, 8 (12), 239 - 256." type="journal article" year="1881">Wilson, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex. The four most confused species in the complex are
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<taxonomicName id="4C2096A6290C4F1AFD65FD44FC19FCF0" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1881" box="[755,921,758,781]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Colossendeidae" genus="Colossendeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macerrima">
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<emphasis id="B9543137290C4F1AFD65FD44FC19FCF0" box="[755,921,758,781]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">C. macerrima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2096A6290C4F1AFC27FD44FA99FCF3" authority="Hoek, 1881" authorityName="Hoek" authorityYear="1881" box="[945,1305,757,782]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Colossendeidae" genus="Colossendeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptorhynchus">
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<emphasis id="B9543137290C4F1AFC27FD44FBF9FCF3" box="[945,1145,757,782]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">C. leptorhynchus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB190D4290C4F1AFB1CFD47FA99FCF3" author="Hoek, P. P. C." box="[1162,1305,757,782]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 167" refId="ref27925" refString="Hoek, P. P. C. (1881) Report on the Pycnogonida, dredged by HMS Challenger 1873 - 76. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Exploring Foyage of HMS Challenger, 3 (10), 1 - 167. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13132" type="journal article" year="1881">Hoek, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2096A6290C4F1AFAB8FD44FE0FFCCF" authority="Schimkewitsch, 1893" authorityName="Schimkewitsch" authorityYear="1893" class="Pycnogonida" family="Austrodecidae" genus="Austrodecus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="B9543137290C4F1AFAB8FD44FA1CFCF0" box="[1326,1436,758,781]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">C. minor</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB190D4290C4F1AFF01FCABFE0FFCCF" author="Schimkewitsch, W." box="[151,399,793,818]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="27 - 43" refId="ref28752" refString="Schimkewitsch, W. (1893) Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agissiz, carried on by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross ", during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. Compte-rendu sur les Pantopodes recueillis pendant les Explorations de l'Albatross en 1891. Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology, Harvard, 25, (2), 27 - 43." type="journal article" year="1893">Schimkewitsch, 1893</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2096A6290C4F1AFE45FCA8FCAEFCCF" authority="Carpenter, 1907" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1907" box="[467,814,793,818]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Colossendeidae" genus="Colossendeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gardineri">
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<emphasis id="B9543137290C4F1AFE45FCA8FDE3FCCF" box="[467,611,793,818]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">C. gardineri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB190D4290C4F1AFDE6FCA8FCAEFCCF" author="Carpenter, G. H." box="[624,814,794,818]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="95 - 101" refId="ref26632" refString="Carpenter, G. H. (1907) Pycnogonida. The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean. Transactions of the Linnean Society London, 2 (Zoology), 12 (1), 95 - 101." type="journal article" year="1907">Carpenter, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Probably no other group of pycnogonids has been subjected to such extensive analyses as have those belonging to this complex and yet remain without satisfactory resolution. The most recent analysis of these four species was by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB190D4290C4F1AFCEEFCD3FBA9FC87" author="Bamber, R. N." box="[888,1065,865,890]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="715 - 727" refId="ref26417" refString="Bamber, R. N. (2002) Bathypelagic pycnogonids (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) from the Discovery deep-sea cruises. Journal of Natural History, 36, 715 - 727." type="journal article" year="2002">Bamber, (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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who reviewed previous analyses by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB190D4290C4F1AFF2CFC37FEC5FC63" author="Stock, J. H." box="[186,325,901,926]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="957 - 1092" refId="ref29300" refString="Stock, J. H. (1974) Pycnogonida from the continental shelf, slope, and deep-sea of the tropical Atlantic and East Pacific. Biological Results of the University of Miami Deep-Sea Expeditions, 108. Bulletin of Marine Science, 24 (4), 957 - 1092." type="journal article" year="1974">Stock (1974</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<date id="FF9ECBE5290C4F1AFEC7FC34FE79FC63" box="[337,505,901,926]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" value="1984" valueMax="1986">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB190D4290C4F1AFEC7FC34FE09FC63" author="Stock, J. H." box="[337,393,902,926]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="701 - 709" refId="ref29353" refString="Stock, J. H. (1984) The deep-water Pycnogonida of the Safari Cruises to the Indian Ocean. Bulletin du Museum nationale d'histoire naturelle, Paris, 4 e, Series 6, Section A, 3, 701 - 709." type="journal article" year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB190D4290C4F1AFE56FC37FE79FC63" author="Stock, J. H." box="[448,505,901,926]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="399 - 441" refId="ref29398" refString="Stock, J. H. (1986) Pycnogonida from the Caribbean and the Straits of Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 38 (3), 399 - 441." type="journal article" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
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</date>
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) and he supported the independent status of the four species. Justification for their independent status was primarily based on proboscis shape, propodal sole spination and palp segment ratios. Bamber did not discuss the earlier work of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB190D4290C4F1AFD0EFC7CFCDDFC1B" author="Turpaeva, E. P." box="[664,861,974,998]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="91 - 96" refId="ref29568" refString="Turpaeva, E. P. (1994) A new species of Colossendeis (Pycnogonida) and some remarks on morphological features of the species of the genus Colossendeis belonging to the complex " macerrima ". Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 73 (9), 91 - 96." type="journal article" year="1994">Turpaeva, (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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who determined that the ratios of palp segments within the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2096A6290C4F1AFE87FC40FE0CFBF4" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1881" box="[273,396,1010,1033]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Colossendeidae" genus="Colossendeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macerrima">
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<emphasis id="B9543137290C4F1AFE87FC40FE0CFBF4" box="[273,396,1010,1033]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">macerrima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex changed and overlapped with age. Her observations supported the earlier findings of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB190D4290C4F1AFF20FBA4FE5AFBD3" author="Fry, W. G. & Hedgpeth, J. W." box="[182,474,1045,1070]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 139" refId="ref27566" refString="Fry, W. G. & Hedgpeth, J. W. (1969) Pycnogonida, 1: Colossendeidae, Pycnogonidae, Endeidae, Ammotheidae. The Fauna of the Ross Sea, Part 7. Memoirs of the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, 49, 1 - 139." type="journal article" year="1969">Fry and Hedgpeth, (1969)</bibRefCitation>
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who concluded that owing to differential rates of growth between structures, relative proportions vary continuously through size ranges within species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2096A6290C4F1AFC5DFB8BFBDFFBAF" authorityName="Jarzynsky" authorityYear="1870" box="[971,1119,1081,1106]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Colossendeidae" genus="Colossendeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9543137290C4F1AFC5DFB8BFBDFFBAF" box="[971,1119,1081,1106]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Colossendeis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. As a consequence of her analysis Turpaeva synonymised
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<taxonomicName id="4C2096A6290C4F1AFD95FBECFD41FB8B" authorityName="Hoek" authorityYear="1881" box="[515,705,1117,1142]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Colossendeidae" genus="Colossendeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptorhynchus">
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<emphasis id="B9543137290C4F1AFD95FBECFD41FB8B" box="[515,705,1117,1142]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">C. leptorhynchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with
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<taxonomicName id="4C2096A6290C4F1AFC97FBECFC1EFB88" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1881" box="[769,926,1118,1141]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Colossendeidae" genus="Colossendeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macerrima">
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<emphasis id="B9543137290C4F1AFC97FBECFC1EFB88" box="[769,926,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">C. macerrima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2096A6290C4F1AFC45FBECFBDDFB8B" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1907" box="[979,1117,1117,1142]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Colossendeidae" genus="Colossendeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gardineri">
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<emphasis id="B9543137290C4F1AFC45FBECFBDDFB8B" box="[979,1117,1117,1142]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">C. gardineri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
with
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|
<emphasis id="B9543137290C4F1AFB0AFBECFA84FB88" box="[1180,1284,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2096A6290C4F1AFB0AFBECFA81FB88" authorityName="Schimkewitsch" authorityYear="1893" box="[1180,1281,1118,1141]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Austrodecidae" genus="Austrodecus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">C. minor</taxonomicName>
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|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9FED25290C4F1AFF51FB33FD74FA68" blockId="29.[151,1437,541,1430]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
|
|
The strongly-tapered proboscis of this specimen is suggestive of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2096A6290C4F1AFC3CFB30FB8FFB64" authorityName="Schimkewitsch" authorityYear="1893" box="[938,1039,1154,1177]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Austrodecidae" genus="Austrodecus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9543137290C4F1AFC3CFB30FB8FFB64" box="[938,1039,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">C. minor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
but based on my reexamination of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2096A6290C4F1AFF29FB14FEA2FB40" authorityName="Schimkewitsch" authorityYear="1893" box="[191,290,1190,1213]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Austrodecidae" genus="Austrodecus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9543137290C4F1AFF29FB14FEA2FB40" box="[191,290,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">C. minor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<typeStatus id="549B5387290C4F1AFEBFFB14FE0BFB43" box="[297,395,1190,1214]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
|
and the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2096A6290C4F1AFE7FFB14FD05FB40" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1881" box="[489,645,1190,1213]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Colossendeidae" genus="Colossendeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macerrima">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9543137290C4F1AFE7FFB14FD05FB40" box="[489,645,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">C. macerrima</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<typeStatus id="549B5387290C4F1AFD1CFB17FD6FFB43" box="[650,751,1189,1214]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
, this species differs in respects which extend beyond regional differences and cause the specimen to not sit easily with any other members of the species complex. Rather than add to the confusion and assign yet another specimen on a tentative or provisional basis to a species in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2096A6290C4F1AFA14FB5CFE92FAD4" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1881" class="Pycnogonida" family="Colossendeidae" genus="Colossendeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macerrima">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9543137290C4F1AFA14FB5CFE92FAD4" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">C. macerrima</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
complex I have left it undescribed. Despite the geographically discrete collection site, the specimen has been included in a morphological and molecular analysis of a large collection of specimens from southern
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F337ADB5290C4F1AFF01FAEBFF7EFA8F" box="[151,254,1369,1394]" name="Australia" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
|
that fall into the species complex. Such analysis is too involved to form part of this paper and the findings of that analysis will be the subject of a separate paper.
|
|
</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
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</document> |