treatments-xml/data/03/89/31/0389315805560976AABAFCCEFE23FA61.xml
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<mods:title id="CDE55E543A665F852B0532CE84E9EC1C">First record and a new species of Neolygus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) from Nepal, with a checklist of Old World species of Neolygus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E60B3329D3BF08D6BEDCA3CDB920BB48">Yasunaga, Tomohide</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4BC254A6315CEC2E6AE6A18B0270147F">Duwal, Ram Keshari</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3455CF2F044123344E3FD9E19BF5984B">Schwartz, Michael D.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C20FBCD05560976AABAFCCEFEC9FC04" ID-CoL="5ZVT" ID-ENA="1545335" authority="Knight" authorityName="Knight" box="[151,358,887,913]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Neolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9545C5C05560976AABAFCCEFEC9FC04" bold="true" box="[151,358,887,913]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B9545C5C05560976AABAFCCEFEA8FC04" bold="true" box="[151,263,887,913]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Neolygus</emphasis>
Knight
</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C33AD3C505560976AABAFC01FBFBFBBC" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9F804E05560976AABAFC01FEAEFC79" blockId="1.[151,1436,952,1066]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="4C20FBCD05560976AABAFC01FE15FC5B" ID-CoL="5ZVT" authority="Knight, 1917: 561" authorityName="Knight" authorityPageNumber="561" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,442,952,974]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Neolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9545C5C05560976AABAFC01FF5AFC5B" box="[151,245,952,974]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Neolygus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A81A65F05560976AAD0FC01FE15FC5B" author="Knight" box="[253,442,952,974]" page="561" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" year="1917">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FDBF05560976AAD0FC01FE27FC58" author="Knight" box="[253,392,952,974]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Knight, H. H. (1917) A revision of the genus Lygus as it occurs in America North of Mexico, with biological data on the species from New York. Cornell University Agricultural Experimental Station, Bulletin, 391, 555 - 645." type="journal article" year="1917">Knight, 1917</bibRefCitation>
: 561
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</taxonomicName>
(n. subgen. of
<taxonomicName id="4C20FBCD05560976A874FC00FD3BFC5B" ID-CoL="5HPQ" box="[601,660,953,974]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Lygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="B9545C5C05560976A874FC00FD3BFC5B" box="[601,660,953,974]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Lygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A267E12705560976A8B0FC00FCA8FC5B" box="[669,775,952,974]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
),
<typeStatus id="549B3EEC05560976A936FC00FCE8FC5B" box="[795,839,953,974]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
species by original designation:
<taxonomicName id="4C20FBCD05560976AEB1FC00FF52FC79" ID-CoL="3WR5D" authority="Knight, 1916" authorityName="Knight" authorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Lygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis id="B9545C5C05560976AEB1FC00FAE8FC5B" box="[1180,1351,953,974]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Lygus communis</emphasis>
Knight, 1916
</taxonomicName>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F804E05560976AABAFC4CFD56FB9E" blockId="1.[151,1436,952,1066]" box="[151,761,1013,1035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30A76005560976AABAFC4CFD56FB9E" box="[151,761,1013,1035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C20FBCD05560976AABAFC4CFE0FFB9F" ID-CoL="5ZVT" authority="Kelton, 1971: 8" authorityName="Kelton" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,416,1013,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Neolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9545C5C05560976AABAFC4CFF5AFB9E" box="[151,245,1013,1035]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Neolygus</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0A81A65F05560976AB2FFC4CFE0FFB9F" author="Kelton" box="[258,416,1013,1035]" page="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FDBF05560976AB2FFC4CFE25FB9F" author="Kelton" box="[258,394,1013,1035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Kelton, L. A. (1971) Review of Lygocoris species found in Canada and Alaska (Heteroptera: Miridae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 83, 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1971">Kelton, 1971</bibRefCitation>
: 8
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(as subgen. of
<emphasis id="B9545C5C05560976A816FC4FFD20FB9E" box="[571,655,1014,1035]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Lygocor</emphasis>
is Reuter).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F804E05560976AABAFBADFBFBFBBC" blockId="1.[151,1436,952,1066]" box="[151,1108,1043,1066]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30A76005560976AABAFBADFBFBFBBC" box="[151,1108,1043,1066]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="4C20FBCD05560976AABAFBADFE14FBBC" ID-CoL="5ZVT" authority="Knight, 1941: 154" authorityName="Knight" authorityPageNumber="154" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,443,1043,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Neolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9545C5C05560976AABAFBADFF5AFBBF" box="[151,245,1044,1066]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Neolygus</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0A81A65F05560976AB2FFBAAFE14FBBC" author="Knight" box="[258,443,1043,1065]" page="154" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" year="1941">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FDBF05560976AB2FFBAAFE24FBBC" author="Knight" box="[258,395,1043,1065]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Knight, H. H. (1941) The plant bugs, or Miridae of Illinois. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey, 22, 1 - 234." type="journal article" year="1941">Knight, 1941</bibRefCitation>
: 154
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</taxonomicName>
(as full genus);
<treatmentCitation id="0A81A65F05560976A872FBACFCF9FBBC" author="Yasunaga" box="[607,854,1044,1066]" page="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FDBF05560976A872FBACFC91FBBC" author="Yasunaga" box="[607,830,1044,1066]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Yasunaga, T., Schwartz, M. D. &amp; Cherot, F. (2002) New genera, species, synonymies, and combinations of &quot; Lygus complex &quot; from Japan, with discussion on Peltidolygus Poppius and Warrisia Carvalho (Heteroptera: Mirinae: Mirini). American Museum Novitates, 3378, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="2002">
Yasunaga
<emphasis id="B9545C5C05560976A8EAFBACFD54FBBF" box="[711,763,1044,1066]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
, 2002
</bibRefCitation>
: 4
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A81A65F05560976A94CFBAAFBFFFBBC" author="Zheng" box="[865,1104,1043,1066]" page="383" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FDBF05560976A94CFBAAFBB2FBBC" author="Zheng" box="[865,1053,1043,1066]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Zheng, L. Y., Lu, N., Liu, G. &amp; Xu, B. (2004) Hemiptera, Miridae, Mirinae. Fauna Sinica, Insecta, Vol. 33, xix + 797 pp., 8 pls. Science Press, Beijing. (In Chinese, with English keys and descriptions of new taxa.)" type="book" year="2004">
Zheng
<emphasis id="B9545C5C05560976A985FBACFC74FBBF" box="[936,987,1044,1066]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
, 2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 383
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33AD3C505560976AABAFBF6FD36FB41" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9F804E05560976AABAFBF6FD36FB41" blockId="1.[151,1436,1103,1524]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B9545C5C05560976AABAFBF6FEBEFBFD" bold="true" box="[151,273,1103,1128]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Recognized by the following combination of characters: moderate size; oval to elongate oval body; pale green basic coloration which fades to pale brown after death; dorsal vestiture of uniformly distributed pale, simple setae; vertex with a basal transverse carina; and form of the male and female genitalia. Detailed diagnostic characters are provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FDBF05560976ABEBFB04FD3AFB41" author="Yasunaga" box="[454,661,1212,1237]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Yasunaga, T. (1991 b) A revision of the plant bug genus Lygocoris Reuter from Japan, Part II (Heteroptera, Miridae, Lygus- complex). Japanese Journal of Entomology, 59, 593 - 609." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="b">Yasunaga (1991b)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33AD3C505560976AAE4FB66FE47FA89" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9F804E05560976AAE4FB66FE47FA89" blockId="1.[151,1436,1103,1524]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B9545C5C05560976AAE4FB66FECDFB6D" bold="true" box="[201,354,1247,1272]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Distribution.</emphasis>
Holarctic Region; most members are known from temperate and cold temperate zones of eastern Asia and the Nearctic Region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33AD3C505560976AAE4FA9EFE23FA61" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B9F804E05560976AAE4FA9EFE23FA61" blockId="1.[151,1436,1103,1524]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B9545C5C05560976AAE4FA9EFE86FAD5" bold="true" box="[201,297,1319,1344]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Biology.</emphasis>
The majority of
<taxonomicName id="4C20FBCD05560976ABCAFA91FDE0FAD5" box="[487,591,1320,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Neolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9545C5C05560976ABCAFA91FDE0FAD5" box="[487,591,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Neolygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species inhabit deciduous broadleaf shrubs or trees. Only a few species are associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C20FBCD05560976AB65FAF5FE04FAF1" box="[328,427,1356,1380]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
conifers, e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C20FBCD05560976A87DFAF4FC9CFAF1" authority="Kelton 1980" authorityName="Kelton" authorityYear="1980" box="[592,819,1356,1380]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9545C5C05560976A87DFAF4FD3FFAF1" box="[592,656,1357,1380]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Pinus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FDBF05560976A8B0FAF5FC84FAF1" author="Kelton" box="[669,811,1356,1380]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Kelton, L. A. (1980) The plant bugs of the Prairie Provinces of Canada. Heteroptera: Miridae. The Insects and Arachnids of Canada Part 8. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, 408 pp." type="book" year="1980">Kelton 1980</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C20FBCD05560976A945FAF5FBC2FAF1" authority="Yasunaga 2001" authorityName="Yasunaga" authorityYear="2001" box="[872,1133,1356,1380]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9545C5C05560976A945FAF5FC09FAF1" box="[872,934,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Abies</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FDBF05560976A999FAF5FBCBFAF1" author="Yasunaga" box="[948,1124,1356,1380]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Yasunaga, T. (2001) Family Miridae Hahn, plant bugs. In: Yasunaga, T., Takai, M. &amp; Kawasawa, T. (Eds.), A Field Guide to Japanese Bugs II. Terrestrial Heteropterans. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai Publ. Co. Ltd., Tokyo, pp. 112 - 276. (In Japanese)" type="book chapter" year="2001">Yasunaga 2001</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. One generation per year is assumed for temperate and cold temperate inhabitants that principally overwinter in the egg stage; however, collection records suggest that species occurring in warm temperate zones or subtropics have at least a bivoltine life cycle. Several species are known agricultural pests, particularly injurious to fruit crops (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FDBF05560976AE82FA0EFAEDFA5A" author="Knight" box="[1199,1346,1463,1487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Knight, H. H. (1927) Notes on the distribution and host plants of some North American Miridae (Hemiptera). The Canadian Entomologist, 59, 34 - 44." type="journal article" year="1927">Knight 1927</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FDBF05560976AF7DFA0EFF7CFA61" author="Kelton" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Kelton, L. A. (1982) Plant bugs on fruit crops in Canada (Heteroptera: Miridae). Agriculture Canada, Research Branch, Monograph, 24, 201 pp." type="book" year="1982">Kelton 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1FDBF05560976AAF0FA65FE2FFA61" author="Wheeler" box="[221,384,1500,1524]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Wheeler, jr., A. G. (2001) Biology of the Plant Bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae), Pests, Predators, Opportunists. Cornell University Press, Ithaca &amp; London, xv + 507 pp." type="book" year="2001">Wheeler 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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