treatments-xml/data/B2/31/A6/B231A6FA0BBAF7B47F7A131384613A11.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.530.6110" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5b5209f7-1f0f-4ec9-b747-1daf0f582413" ID-PMC="PMC4668907" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-530-91" ID-PubMed="26692800" ID-ZBK="52EEB2FFF8BC4C83984BA3DC8C8D486E" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-530-91" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 530" ModsDocTitle="Asheamegacephala Kim &amp; Ahn (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae), a new gyrophaenine genus and species from Peru" checkinTime="1451243839952" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kim, Yoon-Ho &amp; Ahn, Kee-Jeong" docDate="2015" docId="B231A6FA0BBAF7B47F7A131384613A11" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 530: 91-99" docOrigin="ZooKeys 530" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.530.6110" docTitle="Ashea Kim &amp; Ahn, 2015, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="69A1EB75-782C-4E89-BEA6-CABBE067AF8F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="96" masterDocId="FF824E1FDD4AFFA7FF85D156FFD1FFC2" masterDocTitle="Asheamegacephala Kim &amp; Ahn (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae), a new gyrophaenine genus and species from Peru" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="91" pageNumber="92" updateTime="1668160881751" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Asheamegacephala Kim &amp; Ahn (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae), a new gyrophaenine genus and species from Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kim, Yoon-Ho</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Ahn, Kee-Jeong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number>530</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.530.6110</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.530.6110</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Staphylinidae</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/69A1EB75-782C-4E89-BEA6-CABBE067AF8F" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ashea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ashea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ashea</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="92">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ashea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ashea megacephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">Ashea megacephala</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Head (Fig. 2) very large, as wide as and distinctly longer than pronotum; eye large, longer than temple; labrum (Fig. 4) markedly transverse, seven pairs of macrosetae present; right mandible (Fig. 5) with very large median tooth; ligula (Fig. 14) short, entire apically, labial palpus with three indistinct palpomeres; pronotum (Fig. 8) markedly transverse, more than 2.0 times as wide as long; hypomeron not visible in lateral aspect; mesoventrite (Fig. 15) without medial longitudinal carina; tergite X (Fig. 9) with medial setose area arranged in distinct V-shape, composed of two indistinct rows of setae, setae subspatulate; median lobe (Fig. 10) bulbous at base, apical process long and slender.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
Body (Fig. 1) very small, length 1.0-1.4 mm. Body slightly flattened dorso-ventrally, parallel-sided; surface sculpture reticulate throughout, slightly glossy and pubescent; light brown to brown but head, elytra, posterior half of abdominal tergite V and tergites 
<normalizedToken originalValue="VI–VII">VI-VII</normalizedToken>
dark brown. Head. (Figs 1-2) Very large, slightly trans 
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="93" start="start">verse</pageBreakToken>
and flattened, as wide as and distinctly longer than pronotum; eye large, longer than temple; infraorbital carina well developed, complete; gular suture moderately separated, subparallel-sided; antenna (Fig. 3) moderate in size, with eleven antennomeres, antennomere 4 transverse, 5-7 slightly transverse, 8-10 transverse, 5-10 slightly increase in relative width from base to apex. Mouthparts. Labrum (Fig. 4) markedly transverse, seven pairs of macrosetae present, sensilla of antero-medial sensory area distinct, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="α-sensillum">α-sensillum</normalizedToken>
with short setose process, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="β">β</normalizedToken>
and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="γ">γ</normalizedToken>
minute and conical, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="ε">ε</normalizedToken>
with short setose process, almost as long as 
<normalizedToken originalValue="α">α</normalizedToken>
, two lateral sensilla present on lateral 
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="94" start="start">margin</pageBreakToken>
of epipharynx, without transverse row of sensory pores on basal region of epipharynx; mandible (Figs 5-6) asymmetrical, decurved and pointed apically, ventral condylar molar patch moderate in size with densely arranged denticles, prostheca well developed, right mandible with very large median tooth; maxilla (Fig. 7) with four palpomeres, palpomeres 2-3 slightly dilated distally, 3 longer than 2, 4 elongate with a small spine at apex, filamentous sensilla reaching to basal third, lacinia with apex obliquely truncate with well developed &quot;spore brush&quot;, teeth of spore brush small and densely arranged, inner margin without spines, with a longitudinal row of setae; labium (Fig. 14) with ligula short, entire apically, labial palpus indistinctly composed of three palpomeres, palpomere 1 almost as long as 3, distinctly longer than 2, one medial seta present on prementum, medial pseudopore field of prementum narrow and without pseudopores, lateral pseudopore field with one setose pore, one real pore and three pseudopores, mentum moderately emarginate in anterior margin. Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 8) markedly transverse, more than 2.0 times as wide as long, widest in middle, surface slightly pubescent, several macrosetae present; hypomeron not visible in lateral aspect; prosternum transverse, without distinct median knob; elytra (Fig. 12) slightly wider and distinctly longer than pronotum, postero-lateral margin moderately sinuate; hind wing without setose lobe on flabellum; mesoventrite (Fig. 15) without medial longitudinal carina, mesoventral process broad and not fused to metaventral process, apex truncate; apex of metaventral process indistinguishable; isthmus absent; mesocoxal cavities widely separated; metepisternum with single row of setae; tarsal formula 4-4-5, tarsomere 1 of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="pro–">pro-</normalizedToken>
and mesolegs as long as 2, 1 of metaleg slightly longer than 2, with one empodial seta between tarsal claws, shorter than claw. Abdomen. Tergites 
<normalizedToken originalValue="III–VI">III-VI</normalizedToken>
transversely impressed; tergite X (Fig. 9) with medial setose area arranged in distinct V-shape, composed of two indistinct rows of setae, setae subspatulate, with six to nine macrosetae on each side of midline. Genitalia. Spermatheca (Fig. 16) simple and round; median lobe (Fig. 10) bulbous at base, apical process long and slender, flagellum long, slender and more or less whip-like; paramere (Fig. 11) with apical lobe of paramerite short and subcylindrical with four setae, paramerite enlarged, slightly longer than apex of condylite. Secondary sexual characteristics. Male: elytron (Fig. 12) with tubercle near suture about 0.2 length of elytron from posterior margin; subapical margin of tergite VII (Fig. 13) with two tooth-like tubercles; posterior-median margin of tergite VIII (Fig. 17) with triangular projection.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="94">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="94">
Figures 1. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ashea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ashea megacephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">Ashea megacephala</taxonomicName>
, habitus, 1.3 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="94">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="94">
Figures 2-7. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ashea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ashea megacephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">Ashea megacephala</taxonomicName>
, SEM photographs: 2 head, ventral aspect 3 antenna (antennomeres 2-11) 4 labrum, ventral aspect 5 right mandible, ventral aspect 6 left mandible, dorsal aspect 7 maxilla, ventral aspect.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="94">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="94">
Figures 8-13. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ashea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ashea megacephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">Ashea megacephala</taxonomicName>
, SEM photographs: 8 pronotum, dorsal aspect 9 tergite X, dorsal aspect 10 median lobe, lateral aspect 11 paramere, lateral aspect 12 male elytron, dorsal aspect 13 male tergite VII, dorsal aspect.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="94">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="94">
Figures 14-17. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ashea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ashea megacephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">Ashea megacephala</taxonomicName>
: 14 labium, ventral aspect 15 meso- and metaventrites, ventral aspect 16 spermatheca, 17 male tergite VIII, dorsal aspect. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="94" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="94">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="94">
Named after the late James S. Ashe in honor of his research on the subtribe 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Gyrophaenina" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" rank="subtribe" subtribe="Gyrophaenina">Gyrophaenina</taxonomicName>
. He was the first collector of these beetles.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="94" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="94">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="94">Peru.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="94">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ashea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ashea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ashea</taxonomicName>
gen. n. can be distinguished from other gyrophaenine genera by the diagnostic characters presented above. Especially, the combination of the large head and indistinctly articulated three labial palpomeres clearly makes this new genus unique among all other 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Gyrophaenina" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" rank="subtribe" subtribe="Gyrophaenina">Gyrophaenina</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="3" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ashea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ashea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ashea</taxonomicName>
gen. n. belongs to the &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Gyrophaena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gyrophaena" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gyrophaena</taxonomicName>
&quot; lineage (sensu 
<bibRefCitation author="Ashe, JS" journalOrPublisher="Quaestiones Entomologicae" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" pagination="129 - 349" title="Generic revision of the subtribe Gyrophaenina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) with a review of the described subgenera and major features of evolution." volume="20" year="1984">Ashe 1984</bibRefCitation>
) based on the following characters: body slightly pubescent; ligula entire apically, prementum with a single medial seta. Among the lineage, this genus is probably the most closely related 
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="95" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Eumicrota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumicrota" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eumicrota</taxonomicName>
Casey. These two genera share a small body size, entire and protruded ligula, markedly transverse pronotum, mesoventrite without medial longitudinal carina, tergite X with medial setose area arranged in distinct V-shape, and median lobe with apical process slender and elongate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">
Tergite X provides useful characters in the study of the subtribe 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Gyrophaenina" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" rank="subtribe" subtribe="Gyrophaenina">Gyrophaenina</taxonomicName>
classification (
<bibRefCitation author="Ashe, JS" journalOrPublisher="Quaestiones Entomologicae" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" pagination="129 - 349" title="Generic revision of the subtribe Gyrophaenina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) with a review of the described subgenera and major features of evolution." volume="20" year="1984">Ashe 1984</bibRefCitation>
). Loss of setae antero-medially and postero-laterally results in 
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="96" start="start">one</pageBreakToken>
or a few rows of setae arranged in a distinct 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“V”">&quot;V&quot;</normalizedToken>
shape. This distribution of microsetae is found only in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Eumicrota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumicrota" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eumicrota</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ashea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ashea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ashea</taxonomicName>
gen. n.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
On the other hand, the genus 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ashea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ashea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ashea</taxonomicName>
gen. n. differs from 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Eumicrota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eumicrota" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eumicrota</taxonomicName>
by the following diagnostic characters: head very large, as wide as and distinctly longer than pronotum; right mandible with very large median tooth; labial palpus with three indistinctly separated palpomeres.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
We have not had the opportunity to study any specimens of the following three gyrophaenine genera (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Brachycantharus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycantharus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brachycantharus</taxonomicName>
Bierig, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Microbrachida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microbrachida" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microbrachida</taxonomicName>
Bierig, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Neobrachychara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neobrachychara" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neobrachychara</taxonomicName>
Bierig) described from Central America by 
<bibRefCitation author="Bierig, A" journalOrPublisher="Arbeiten ueber Morphologische und Taxonomische Entomologie aus Berlin-Dahlem" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" pagination="16 - 31" title="Neue neotropische Staphylinidae der Subfamilie Aleocharinae (Coleoptera) (25. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Staphylinidae)." volume="6" year="1939">Bierig (1939)</bibRefCitation>
. Original descriptions of these genera did not include sufficient diagnostic characters and they have not been redescribed since their original description. However, 
<bibRefCitation author="Bierig, A" journalOrPublisher="Arbeiten ueber Morphologische und Taxonomische Entomologie aus Berlin-Dahlem" pageId="8" pageNumber="99" pagination="16 - 31" title="Neue neotropische Staphylinidae der Subfamilie Aleocharinae (Coleoptera) (25. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Staphylinidae)." volume="6" year="1939">Bierig (1939)</bibRefCitation>
provided very clear scientific habitus illustrations and they can be easily distinguished from 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ashea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ashea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ashea</taxonomicName>
gen. n. by the following diagnostic characters: body subparallel-sided in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ashea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ashea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ashea</taxonomicName>
(body elongated-oval, sides of abdomen convergent to apex in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Microbrachida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microbrachida" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microbrachida</taxonomicName>
); pronotum strongly transverse in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ashea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ashea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ashea</taxonomicName>
(pronotum moderately transverse in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Brachycantharus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycantharus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brachycantharus</taxonomicName>
); tergite X with medial setose area arranged in distinct V-shape in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Ashea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ashea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ashea</taxonomicName>
(tergite X with medial setose area arranged in chevron-shape in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Neobrachychara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neobrachychara" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neobrachychara</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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