179 lines
18 KiB
XML
179 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="5DBE4AAF35DA122A363B006974DA262E" ID-CLB-Dataset="33295" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.665.11599" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b0fe324e-82c4-4bbf-a6ec-ff639b049025" ID-PMC="PMC5523167" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-665-71" ID-PubMed="28769627" ID-ZooBank="89220C7CD27C4516A3D42525BA39FB27" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-665-71" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 665" ModsDocTitle="Disjunctitermesinsularis, a new soldierless termite genus and species (Isoptera, Termitidae, Apicotermitinae) from Guadeloupe and Peru" checkinTime="1491378316219" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Scheffrahn, Rudolf H., Carrijo, Tiago F., Postle, Anthony C. & Tonini, Francesco" docDate="2017" docId="68E749A7D09B8128A82DCA548E543079" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 665: 71-84" docOrigin="ZooKeys 665" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.665.11599" docTitle="Disjunctitermes insularis Scheffrahn, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="975729E6-5A94-4DFC-9E00-162E50082D5E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="73" masterDocId="FFB8FFB6FFB2794D3002FFACFFFBE279" masterDocTitle="Disjunctitermesinsularis, a new soldierless termite genus and species (Isoptera, Termitidae, Apicotermitinae) from Guadeloupe and Peru" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1732803631669" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="E9D6E46670EBA88C44390CC174840031" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CF2C472262C453750970B1C3132D0806">
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<mods:title id="1BC39372364E6E562DA2F65393AD6193">Disjunctitermesinsularis, a new soldierless termite genus and species (Isoptera, Termitidae, Apicotermitinae) from Guadeloupe and Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EF8E62B67B9CBA7994C9D0DBD4AAB5B8">Scheffrahn, Rudolf H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CA0A4CB2276778B2F90256DB1D332B82">Carrijo, Tiago F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="97CD163A844455E10E7A86C902F775F2">Postle, Anthony C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="19E305251589A5DFD95E160DA50F3CFF">Tonini, Francesco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3B47E0DE1A934B13FA42B9A3C6FB66A7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3DC1BE5B1D8DD99852F6E5AB14639B4E">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5409542D9C7F07D577DEA7EAB83EDD8A">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="890F879788A68D8E7BD7AB5AA3FB9D68" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5633F0DE6CED0A26FFB413EB950800F3">665</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="45968F466CDBCDB48AAA1CD64EC06DA3">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.665.11599</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="C02A6925B9924D2299D52C2E952D5AA6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8E837BF266B3D29971BF9959F1583BF0" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.665.11599</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="276F4D90C61AE4A1D79BECC951D660F0" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-665-71</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="249CD4ADE21D99190B6F6CEDDD166941" type="ZooBank">89220C7CD27C4516A3D42525BA39FB27</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="68E749A7D09B8128A82DCA548E543079" ID-GBIF-Taxon="128229148" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:975729E6-5A94-4DFC-9E00-162E50082D5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/68E749A7D09B8128A82DCA548E543079" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" scope_family="Termitidae" scope_infraOrder="Isoptera">
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<subSubSection id="BD65766D360E6B740177670DA05D0BC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8278034FAE66E6C1BDDBF65768FF8CE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName id="B65FAC737B8EF2665A0520FB99FBBC46" LSID="http://zoobank.org/975729E6-5A94-4DFC-9E00-162E50082D5E" authority="Scheffrahn" genus="Disjunctitermes" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Disjunctitermes insularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="insularis">Disjunctitermes insularis Scheffrahn</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="7AB7D0252474194BC0FC4CB372B82092" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="23CCF62D5FE24C994E8CBFDB46690472" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="5326B6C93FEC12D35DB62CC2ACB96607" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A92146D703981FC2AB915FC3D61FFCF" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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Holotype: labelled "(UF code GU 105) GUADELOUPE Basse-Terre, Trail Mamelles de Petite Bourg. Parc Nat., undisturbed forest, 16.1778; -61.7321, 23MAY99, col. Chase, Krececk, Maharajh, Mangold, and Scheffrahn. Paratype colonies (the holotype is kept in the same vial as the paratypes): GUADELOUPE, Basse-Terre 16.1778; -61.7321, 23MAY1999 (GU106), 12 workers; 16.1814; -61.7361, 29MAY1999 (GU753), 12 workers; 16.1814; -73.61, 29MAY1999 (GU754), 11 workers; 16.1674; -61.6644, 29MAY1999 (GU783), 12 workers; 16.1674; -61.6644, 29MAY1999 (GU784), 12 workers; 16.1674; -61.6644, 29MAY1999 (GU785), 12 workers; 16.1674; -61.6644, 29MAY1999, (GU786), 12 workers; 16.1674; -61.6644, 29MAY1999, (GU787), 12 workers; 16.1674; -61.6644, 29MAY1999, (GU788), 12 workers. PERU, 6 km S von Humboldt, disturbed forest, -8.8769; -75.0465, 28MAY2014 (PU505), 12 workers, col. Carrijo, Chase, Constantino, Mangold, Mullins,
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<normalizedToken id="5CFF969D7DB0A712DA0C33AAB7E2DA96" originalValue="Křeček">Krecek</normalizedToken>
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, Kuswanto, Nishimura, and Scheffrahn. All material housed at the University of Florida Termite Collection in Davie, Florida. Collection sites are mapped in Fig. 4.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="77398E5B71740A620BC3F6724C2B688A" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<paragraph id="7BFF515C40D0363748D5C80987945C8B" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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Figure 4. Type localities (red dots) for
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<taxonomicName id="161C98080CF7E40BA64A03A56FD57764" lsidName="D. insularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="insularis">D. insularis</taxonomicName>
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on Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe. Inset shows the Guadeloupe and Peru localities (red dots) and all other termite collecting localities in the UF database (green dots) where
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<taxonomicName id="B06583ED1FDFB06EEF2BF127887FEEEE" lsidName="D. insularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="insularis">D. insularis</taxonomicName>
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was not found.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8E462E9DECC2F602063757A07C19FDF8" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="928F47A01257BEEA493BEDA363BEB8F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="858A2375259111964FA659ECD2F8CC1C" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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See also comparison for
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<taxonomicName id="E45DDABBE87682678CCFD6A4ECA720C1" genus="Disjunctitermes" lsidName="Disjunctitermes" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="genus">Disjunctitermes</taxonomicName>
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above. The EV pads of
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<taxonomicName id="AB46E8D236EDCB464E162555345E297E" lsidName="D. insularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="insularis">D. insularis</taxonomicName>
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differ from those of the four other described species with unarmed EV as follows
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<pageBreakToken id="22451A7FFDA159150B0A49544BDB84EE" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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Fig. 3): each pad of
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<taxonomicName id="171A2384CC5EDEA3A15F69C012BFE16C" lsidName="A. banksi" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="banksi">A. banksi</taxonomicName>
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is vase-shaped, with a narrow posterior end that widens into an oval base reminiscent of an orb-weaving spider web (Fig. 3C); the
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<taxonomicName id="35E98AC5E554BEA4CAAEB3FBF1CDAB82" lsidName="A. pacificus" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="pacificus">A. pacificus</taxonomicName>
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pads are shaped similarly to those of
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<taxonomicName id="5986CC77D61F52CB1E4B858ED4E1AC2B" lsidName="A. banksi" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="banksi">A. banksi</taxonomicName>
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but are less concentric and are adorned with a few unsclerotized spines (Fig. 3E); while the pads of
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<taxonomicName id="4E58521537273AA0886B5296A59B289D" lsidName="H. arienesho" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="arienesho">H. arienesho</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="22F5106D49448C2DA9E28C99B766EAAD" lsidName="H. kawaii" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="kawaii">H. kawaii</taxonomicName>
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are ovoid in shape (Figs 3F and 3G, respectively).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34383B7625A8993D2F055BB282048D5" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="imago">
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<paragraph id="F353AE9A314E86199D463902BDEC4310" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Imago.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="68D2B6382D869801A3E6AAD4C47F997D" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8EC2157563571898B9AC922992A1ACB6" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="worker">
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<paragraph id="1FBE07C32A8C942382D9BE80093D9F01" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Worker</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3D21898EBF65864B34797F66D6C7C6EF" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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(Figs 1-3, Table 2). See
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<taxonomicName id="DCF197165AA057393F1462D996225328" genus="Disjunctitermes" lsidName="Disjunctitermes" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" rank="genus">Disjunctitermes</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. description above. EV devoid of sclerotized spiny armature. Pads about six times longer than wide; slight difference in length when stretched horizontally. Anterior fourth of each pad composed of about 10-20 ovoid scales each with one point facing posteriorly. Posterior portion of pads truncate with about 30-50 polygonal scales adorned with fringes on their posterior margins. Cuticle between pads with about 15-20 faint arching ridges; ridges fringed posteriorly.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9E24BB3306BD4F78C19CD04035F08235" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="A2E1BC58B5D3E849D5C15484F59340C6" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3BF2E0C360D391894F860CFEB3D1CAA8" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">The species name is derived from its unexpected island locality.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6A3DDFF5EA9FE28749397F1D322C7D96" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="biology|habitat">
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<paragraph id="ACE9C078A5FAD30A5D44CDE451CCA602" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Habitat and biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0A9F676AE2ACD8E17BB2A485AEFF56E0" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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Workers were collected in foraging groups under rocks and stones in rainforest habitats. Like many New World
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<taxonomicName id="399C6E7241A2CE1772FD4FF06038FA86" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Apicotermitinae">Apicotermitinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="21B7C29971C98DC4A1DBAAEE762BB5F8" lsidName="D. insularis" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="insularis">D. insularis</taxonomicName>
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does not build any above-ground structures. Mature worker gut contents confirm that they feed on the organic fraction of soil.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FEC9E998546AA655658A702DFD723249" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="molecular phylogeny">
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<paragraph id="CBB3716A04704647F3ACCFBE30671DE3" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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<pageBreakToken id="576ACC8F386D50F062F2F46C7F520D8C" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" start="start">Molecular</pageBreakToken>
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phylogeny.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DC01D85ED36658C3F3EA94DC2EA0BA4E" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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The molecular phylogeny performed with the mitochondrial gene COI clearly clustered
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<taxonomicName id="50ED10E7077A062CF4B7D2409F52CD19" lsidName="D. insularis" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" rank="species" species="insularis">D. insularis</taxonomicName>
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specimens from Guadeloupe and Peru, as well as specimens belonging to the same species of other genera (Fig. 5). However, the phylogeny showed low resolution in the relationships between the
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<taxonomicName id="3B04957DC46C442185852AD42F7184E0" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Apicotermitinae">Apicotermitinae</taxonomicName>
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genera.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="08995617607F434326EB33E3957FD787" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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<paragraph id="6FFEB9B2CAC4D7DD5AA16634604B22E3" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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Figure 5. Bayesian phylogeny of all described soldierless New World genera using the mitochondrial CO1 barcode gene showing posterior probabilities. Tree rooted on terminal
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<taxonomicName id="D1BF50E2FCAF6CBFC6F40A19791C0D9D" class="Insecta" family="Rhinotermitidae" genus="Heterotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterotermes crinitus" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinitus">Heterotermes crinitus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="75763AB1ED56BF931B0B501D4052B357" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="dispersal rate on land">
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<paragraph id="1432F9BB803DEA35EC19B97D9D454624" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Dispersal rate on land.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A009D014C2F304248120AE04A45DC9E5" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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Starting from a single founder location, the stochastic spread models predicts a 2,778-meter spread over 85 years (Fig. 6) or about 265 years to reach the ca. 8 km expanse between the easternmost and westernmost collection localities (Fig. 4). This suggests a very remote possibility that a single human transport event delivered
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<taxonomicName id="CF9C7F21A87EA2C9A3DD3FCC79CAAFB4" lsidName="D. insularis" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" rank="species" species="insularis">D. insularis</taxonomicName>
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to Guadeloupe which would have taken place at a time when French colonization of Basse-Terre was limited to the coast (
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<bibRefCitation id="FA849A8A4168EACC8EE29715B08F0A2A" author="Hoy, DR" journalOrPublisher="No. 12 National Academies" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" title="Agricultural land use of Guadeloupe" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1962.tb00424.x" year="1961">Hoy 1961</bibRefCitation>
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). It is far more likely, however, that
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<taxonomicName id="3F7EFD3CA691832616800C434BD6AA74" lsidName="D. insularis" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" rank="species" species="insularis">D. insularis</taxonomicName>
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reached Guadeloupe via a natural overwater dispersal event (
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<bibRefCitation id="23818A2C8C4EF06B6E41A61844BF5169" author="De Queiroz, A" journalOrPublisher="Trends in Ecology and Evolution" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" pagination="68 - 73" title="The resurrection of oceanic dispersal in historical biogeography." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2004.11.006" volume="20" year="2005">De Queiroz 2005</bibRefCitation>
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) during pre-Colombian times.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="B4405A4F6684C90B2B639697A6429715" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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<paragraph id="6907B571156F75DDAE08B502A4AD51C3" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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Figure 6. An 85-year stochastic lattice-based model simulation of
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<taxonomicName id="ED4AF986ADAB29A255DAC5B68CB168B4" genus="Disjunctitermes" lsidName="Disjunctitermes insularis" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" rank="species" species="insularis">Disjunctitermes insularis</taxonomicName>
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spread from a single founder point locality on Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D331B6E7D60F57EB937D798E9030B0F5" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="taxonomic correction">
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<paragraph id="E04606B0D5F2DAE43A05990F23C3F7B9" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Taxonomic correction.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD924DE951698B1A53E008E22A5B15F1" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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<bibRefCitation id="B98D3A8D8871AD9FDA61C1047C259A3A" author="Darlington, JPEC" journalOrPublisher="Florida Entomologist" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" pagination="104 - 109" title="Survey of termites in Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3495487" volume="75" year="1992">Darlington (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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reported a
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<taxonomicName id="ED0BE42781CA35AE33A641707F7FFBA1" class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Neotermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotermes</taxonomicName>
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sp. between 600-1000 m on Basse-Terre which we found to be
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<taxonomicName id="7170E52134CDC2D2C79DE1D82DC95D7D" class="Insecta" family="Kalotermitidae" genus="Comatermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Comatermes perfectus" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfectus">Comatermes perfectus</taxonomicName>
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(Hagen).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |