170 lines
18 KiB
XML
170 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="DDFF89D5F837C9A92C9629C49F66BABF" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4018.1.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="76005db3-918f-40a0-831b-a0d9af3a57ac" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="238185" ID-ZooBank="16A1C3C4-D996-4576-A882-E9EE37BE137D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461252821354" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sáfián, Szabolcs & Collins, Steve C." docDate="2015" docId="0E23150FFF8BFFE700FEFD70635CFCB4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04018p136.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4018 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parasiomera" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="135" masterDocId="F21A6D77FF81FFEC0069FFA8666BFFE8" masterDocTitle="Establishment of a new genus for Eresiomera paradoxa (Schultze, 1917) and related taxa (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="136" masterPageNumber="124" pageNumber="134" updateTime="1698607639263" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="0563622B4C6C4D2D66BD517B1E7E1CAA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EEF6424BA73D04E4B80A5ACBD2ACA3A1">
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<mods:title id="7FFC6D044B3D6302348EFC66DDF44238">Establishment of a new genus for Eresiomera paradoxa (Schultze, 1917) and related taxa (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="23472A82AC1D9747CA8A00F071DFAFAF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3403773D639246942D85E5F281A8DF92">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0EA9DEA5622AC2BA66764B03FDE02BE2">Sáfián, Szabolcs</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="923E2286107B2FF45FC46C7EC56F8959" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="FBFD2D86D17C45CED77467F8E2971078">
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<mods:roleTerm id="ABC305DE0A86C40170093AE55AF1A370">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E0DE609DB8F1A984517514FC7352EE21">Collins, Steve C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="033F34E12F6D13D6EE54487FADB0ECD1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E0D9794563CFB81708E93EAD5F31CB7D">
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<mods:title id="CEC0F9FAB2582F049C8C6146FC86E0DF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A045113C3091DB0B2A045E7B0112FA39">
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<mods:date id="0D327E9589A3DEBED39D5EB58501BE99">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E1401141C9E12EB1AB3D5BEEBDF15E8F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="30598FE394FBF9643BB74B59429638F7">4018</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="1F900A450CC1D7DB73A9DFF04E2FA013" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="9E6A5883A541BE251E4C3D811228B743">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="51FFB2BA6EC5B44380F7406B3A93BC4A">124</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="9B53A51AA6CEB9E3416449D6862BFF92">136</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="CE8AFDF78C2E86182635612B29DA4226">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4072C01F2E5098B7A11A8C602799CE02" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4018.1.7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="65C5A43E3D6CE8A57A5E05B71BA6E6D2" type="GBIF-Dataset">76005db3-918f-40a0-831b-a0d9af3a57ac</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="865B81A2C939B24E73F4311EDC0B61EE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F31410790FC3B89AE1C55F17A621A280" type="Zenodo-Dep">238185</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="0E23150FFF8BFFE700FEFD70635CFCB4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6116382" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119635860" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6116382" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E23150FFF8BFFE700FEFD70635CFCB4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E23150FFF8BFFE700FEFD70635CFCB4" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="10" pageNumber="134">
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<subSubSection id="CE90F792FF8BFFE600FEFD70646CFD19" box="[151,519,727,754]" pageId="10" pageNumber="134" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8635A419FF8BFFE600FEFD70646CFD19" blockId="10.[151,519,727,754]" box="[151,519,727,754]" pageId="10" pageNumber="134">
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<heading id="DD7D1375FF8BFFE600FEFD70646CFD19" bold="true" box="[151,519,727,754]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="134" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF8BFFE600FEFD70646CFD19" bold="true" box="[151,519,727,754]" pageId="10" pageNumber="134">
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Biogeography of
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF8BFFE60105FD7F646CFD19" box="[364,519,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Parasiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF8BFFE60105FD7F646CFD19" bold="true" box="[364,519,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="134">Parasiomera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CE90F792FF8BFFE600FEFCB66590FC97" pageId="10" pageNumber="134" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8635A419FF8BFFE600FEFCB66590FC97" blockId="10.[151,1436,798,895]" pageId="10" pageNumber="134">
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Although the scarcity of all species in the genus (apart from
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF8BFFE60320FCB765BAFCDE" box="[841,977,798,822]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eresiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxa">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF8BFFE60320FCB765BAFCDE" box="[841,977,798,822]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="134">P. paradoxa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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all other species are known only from a few specimens) make it difficult to assess accurate distribution, the known occurrences draw a clear biogeographic pattern, along which the members of the genus are most probably distributed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="D2F5F491FF8BFFE600FEF8F6626AF87A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238193/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="134" targetBox="[165,1418,978,1840]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph id="8635A419FF8BFFE600FEF8F6626AF87A" blockId="10.[151,1435,1886,1938]" pageId="10" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF8BFFE600FEF8F66778F89C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1886,1908]" pageId="10" pageNumber="134">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
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Known occurrences of
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF8BFFE60260F8F764E6F89C" box="[521,653,1887,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Parasiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF8BFFE60260F8F764E6F89C" box="[521,653,1887,1908]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="134">Parasiomera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The locality of
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF8BFFE60353F8F765DFF89C" box="[826,948,1886,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eresiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxa">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF8BFFE60353F8F765DFF89C" box="[826,948,1886,1908]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="134">P. paradoxa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Congo could not be confirmed with existing voucher specimens, the possibility of its presence there is shown with a questionmark.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="CE90F792FF8AFFE700AEFF31635CFCB4" pageId="11" pageNumber="135" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8635A419FF8AFFE700AEFF316220FDD5" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF8AFFE700AEFF316725FF58" box="[199,334,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eresiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxa">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF8AFFE700AEFF316725FF58" box="[199,334,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">P. paradoxa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the best known and probably the most widely distributed species. It was recorded in
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<collectingCountry id="FE9DE489FF8AFFE70548FF3063F3FF58" box="[1313,1432,152,176]" name="Cameroon" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="FE9DE489FF8AFFE700FEFF146689FF3C" box="[151,226,188,212]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">Congo</collectingCountry>
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(Central
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<collectingCountry id="FE9DE489FF8AFFE70139FF1467F4FF3C" box="[336,415,188,212]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">Congo</collectingCountry>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="FE9DE489FF8AFFE701DDFF146794FF3D" box="[436,511,188,213]" name="Gabon" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">Gabon</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="FE9DE489FF8AFFE70250FF146418FF3C" box="[569,627,188,212]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">CAR</collectingCountry>
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(ABRI collection,
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<bibRefCitation id="E21BD9E8FF8AFFE70339FF14626FFF3D" author="Stempffer" box="[848,1028,188,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="135" refString="Stempffer, H. (1962) Contribution a l'etude des Lepidopteres Lycaenidae d'Afrique tropicale et equatoriale. Bulletin de l'Institut Francaise d'Afrique Noire (A), 1135 - 1181." type="book chapter" year="1962">Stempffer 1962</bibRefCitation>
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, Vande weghe 2010, ABDB: http:// www.abdb-africa.org). Virtually all records come from the Congolian (Central African) lowland forests, which indicates that its distribution could cover the entire
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<collectingCountry id="FE9DE489FF8AFFE702BDFEAC6574FEF4" box="[724,799,260,284]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">Congo</collectingCountry>
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Basin even if there are no records known from the
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<collectingCountry id="FE9DE489FF8AFFE70532FEAC63FCFEF4" box="[1371,1431,260,284]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">DRC</collectingCountry>
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, which otherwise covers the largest forested area in Central Africa.
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<collectingCountry id="FE9DE489FF8AFFE703E5FE8065C0FEA8" box="[908,939,296,320]" name="American Samoa" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">As</collectingCountry>
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the
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<typeStatus id="59311ABBFF8AFFE703B4FE806266FEA8" box="[989,1037,296,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">type</typeStatus>
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locality of the species lies north of River Sanaga (Upper Cross River), it could also potentially occur in forested areas all way to the lower Cross River in Eastern
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<collectingCountry id="FE9DE489FF8AFFE7017AFEC7670CFE60" box="[275,359,367,392]" name="Nigeria" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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but as a partially canopy-dwelling species they could easily have escaped detection.
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF8AFFE7055EFED96316FE60" box="[1335,1405,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">P. al f a</emphasis>
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is known only from a single specimen, collected in Western
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<collectingCountry id="FE9DE489FF8AFFE7034BFE3C651DFE45" box="[802,886,404,429]" name="Liberia" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">Liberia</collectingCountry>
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. The habitat at the
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<typeStatus id="59311ABBFF8AFFE70422FE3D6210FE45" box="[1099,1147,405,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">type</typeStatus>
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locality does not indicate narrow endemism, as the hyper-wet and wet lowland rainforests are relatively widely distributed in the Liberian sub-region (between River Sassandra in
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<collectingCountry id="FE9DE489FF8AFFE70233FE7564B6FE1C" box="[602,733,476,501]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
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and Eastern
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<collectingCountry id="FE9DE489FF8AFFE70304FE74626AFE1C" box="[877,1025,476,501]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
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). However, the species will probably not be found outside of the sub-region, as this forest
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<typeStatus id="59311ABBFF8AFFE70299FDA8654BFDF0" box="[752,800,512,536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">type</typeStatus>
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does not occur outside of the area in entire West Africa (
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<bibRefCitation id="E21BD9E8FF8AFFE700F7FD8C671DFDD4" author="Poorter" box="[158,374,548,572]" pageId="11" pageNumber="135" refString="Poorter, L, Bongers, F., Kouame, F. N' & Hawthorne, W. D. (2004) Biodiversity of West African forests: an ecological atlas of woody plant species. CABI Publishing, Oxford. 528 pp." type="book" year="2004">
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Poorter
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF8AFFE70093FD8D6759FDD4" box="[250,306,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">et al.</emphasis>
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2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF8AFFE701E1FD8D67A7FDD4" box="[392,460,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF8AFFE701E1FD8D67D6FDD4" box="[392,445,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Parasiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alf">P. alf</taxonomicName>
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a
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</emphasis>
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is best treated as a Liberian sub-region endemic species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8635A419FF8AFFE700AEFDE1635CFCB4" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF8AFFE700AEFDE16722FD88" box="[199,329,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Parasiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kivuensis">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF8AFFE700AEFDE16722FD88" box="[199,329,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">P. kivuensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF8AFFE70116FDE1646DFD88" box="[383,518,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Parasiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF8AFFE70116FDE1646DFD88" box="[383,518,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">P. orientalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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might even prove narrowly endemic, as both of them were found in the Albertine Rift Region, which is outstandingly rich in endemic butterflies (
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<bibRefCitation id="E21BD9E8FF8AFFE70318FDC46209FD6C" author="Plumptre" box="[881,1122,620,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="135" refString="Plumptre, A. J., Davenport, T. R. B., Behangana, M., Kityo, R., Eilu, G., Ssegawa, P., Ewango, C., Meirt, D., Kahindo, C., Herremans, M., Peterhans, J. K., Pilgrim, J. D., Wilson, M., Languy, M. & Moyer, D. (2007) The biodiversity of the Albertine Rift. Biological Conservation. 134, 178 - 194. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocon. 2006.08.021" type="journal article" year="2007">
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Plumptre
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF8AFFE7038AFDC56277FD6C" box="[995,1052,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">et al.</emphasis>
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2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF8AFFE7041FFDC56291FD6C" box="[1142,1274,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Parasiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kivuensis">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF8AFFE7041FFDC56291FD6C" box="[1142,1274,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">P. kivuensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was collected only in the mid-elevation or sub-montane forests west of the Albertine Rift (North Kivu area) and might be found only in this
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<typeStatus id="59311ABBFF8AFFE7014CFD1D673EFD25" box="[293,341,693,717]" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">type</typeStatus>
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of habitat, while
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF8AFFE7024CFD1D64D8FD24" box="[549,691,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Parasiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF8AFFE7024CFD1D64D8FD24" box="[549,691,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">E. orientalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is an eastern vicariant of
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF8AFFE7038DFD1D6201FD24" box="[996,1130,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Parasiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kivuensis">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF8AFFE7038DFD1D6201FD24" box="[996,1130,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">P. kivuensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(morphologically they are definitely closer to each other than to the the other two species in the complex), found only in Kalinzu Forest, which could be characterised as eastern Albertine Rift mid-altitude outlier forest. Kalinzu, with the adjoining Kitomi-Kasyoha Forest and Maramagambo Forest form a long time isolated forest area, which can justify the speciation within
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<taxonomicName id="418ADF9AFF8AFFE70137FCED679BFCB4" box="[350,496,837,860]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Parasiomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B4FE780BFF8AFFE70137FCED679BFCB4" box="[350,496,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">Parasiomera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the region. The known records of occurrence are summarized on
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<figureCitation id="1EB1B89CFF8AFFE70487FCEC635AFCB4" box="[1262,1329,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[165,1418,978,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,950,1861]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Known occurrences of Parasiomera. The locality of P. paradoxa in Congo could not be confirmed with existing voucher specimens, the possibility of its presence there is shown with a questionmark." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238193/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="135">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
|
|
</document> |