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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e0a7142d-1eae-4254-b91a-30b70eb9b5ee" ID-PMC="PMC6690523" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-860-183" ID-PubMed="31413657" ID-ZooBank="A3F9127D8ED24F8296A39510EB039A9C" ModsDocID="1313-2970-860-183" checkinTime="1565091121862" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Horvath, Elizabeth Anne" docDate="2019" docId="F4115E57B3584BE78618653370B86F8B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 860: 183-306" docOrigin="ZooKeys 860" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317" docTitle="Thesea Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti 1860" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="226" masterDocId="D577415D00092007FFDF4B2B606EFFFB" masterDocTitle="A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia" masterLastPageNumber="306" masterPageNumber="183" pageNumber="225" updateTime="1668167482081" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part III: Suborder Holaxonia continued, and suborder Calcaxonia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Horvath, Elizabeth Anne</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>860</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>183</mods:start>
<mods:end>306</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.34317</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-860-183</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A3F9127D8ED24F8296A39510EB039A9C</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525279" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F4115E57B3584BE78618653370B86F8B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F4115E57B3584BE78618653370B86F8B" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="42" pageNumber="225">
<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="225" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="225">
Genus
<taxonomicName LSID="F4115E57B3584BE78618653370B86F8B" authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1860" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1860" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1860</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="225">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acis</taxonomicName>
(non
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acis</taxonomicName>
, Billberg, 1820, Lesson 1830) Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1860: 18, 19; 1864: 12-14.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11946" author="Koelliker, RA von" journalOrPublisher="Morphologisches Jahrbucher" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" refId="B122" refString="Koelliker, RA von, 1865. . https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11946" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11946" year="1865">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kölliker">Koelliker</normalizedToken>
1865
</bibRefCitation>
: 136. [
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
. =
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acis</taxonomicName>
(pars)
<bibRefCitation author="Wright, EP" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" publicationUrl="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" refId="B193" refString="Wright, EP, Studer, T, 1889. . www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" url="www.archive.org/details/reportonscientif04grea/page/87/mode/1up" year="1889">Wright and Studer 1889</bibRefCitation>
: 56.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="225">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Plexauridae" genus="Acis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
, 1919: 836.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="225">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="225" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1860: 18, 19.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.43-1923.1" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="1 - 104" refId="B148" refString="Nutting, CC, 1912. Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the US Fisheries Steamer 'Albatross' primarily in Japanese waters during 1906. . Proceedings of the United States National Museum 43: 1 - 104" title="Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the US Fisheries Steamer ' Albatross' primarily in Japanese waters during 1906." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.43-1923.1" volume="43" year="1912">Nutting 1912</bibRefCitation>
: 80.
<bibRefCitation pageId="42" pageNumber="225" refId="B128">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
1924
</bibRefCitation>
: 153, 154.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" author="Deichmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Massachusetts" pageId="93" pageNumber="276" refId="B82" refString="Deichmann, E, 1936. XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII. . Cambridge, Massachusetts" title="XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" year="1936">Deichmann 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 110-112.
<bibRefCitation pageId="42" pageNumber="225" refId="B4">Bayer 1956</bibRefCitation>
: F206-F207; 1958: 50; 1981: 945.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
<pageBreakToken pageId="43" pageNumber="226" start="start">non</pageBreakToken>
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
Nutting, 1910a: 50 {=
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Placogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Placogorgia</taxonomicName>
}.
<bibRefCitation author="Riess, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbucher Supplement" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="377 - 420" refId="B153" refString="Riess, M, 1929. Die Gorgonarien Westindiens. Kapitel 8. Die Familie Muriceidae. . Zoologische Jahrbucher Supplement 16: 377 - 420" title="Die Gorgonarien Westindiens. Kapitel 8. Die Familie Muriceidae." volume="16" year="1929">Riess 1929</bibRefCitation>
: 401 [=
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Scleracis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scleracis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Scleracis</taxonomicName>
: see Deichmann, 1936: 111].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
non
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasma" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Elasma</taxonomicName>
(non
<taxonomicName family="Plexauridae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E." order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" rank="genus">E.</taxonomicName>
Jaennicke, 1866); Studer (and Wright) 1887: 58.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
non
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Elasmogorgia</taxonomicName>
Wright &amp; Studer, 1889: 132.
<bibRefCitation author="Hickson, SJ" journalOrPublisher=") The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes," pageId="94" pageNumber="277" pagination="807 - 826" refId="B108" refString="Hickson, SJ, 1905. The Alcyonaria of the Maldives. Part III. The families Muriceidae, Gorgonellidae, Melitodidae, and the genera Pennatula, Eunephthya. In: Gardiner, JS (Ed. .) The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, 2: 807 - 826" title="The Alcyonaria of the Maldives. Part III. The families Muriceidae, Gorgonellidae, Melitodidae, and the genera Pennatula, Eunephthya. In: Gardiner, JS (Ed." volume="2" year="1905">Hickson 1905</bibRefCitation>
: 814.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="681 - 727" refId="B144" refString="Nutting, CC, 1909. Alcyonaria of the California coast. . Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35: 681 - 727" title="Alcyonaria of the California coast." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.35-1658.681" volume="35" year="1909">Nutting 1909</bibRefCitation>
: 717 (California =
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
).
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8279" author="Thomson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" refId="B169" refString="Thomson, JA, Simpson, JJ, 1909. An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship 'Investigator' in the Indian Ocean. II. The alcyonarians of the littoral area. . Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta" title="An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship ' Investigator' in the Indian Ocean. II. The alcyonarians of the littoral area." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8279" year="1909">Thomson and Simpson 1909</bibRefCitation>
: 238.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11324" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" refId="B145" refString="Nutting, CC, 1910a. . https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11324" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11324" year="1910 a">Nutting 1910a</bibRefCitation>
: 45.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb00515.x" author="Thomson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" refId="B168" refString="Thomson, JA, Russell, ES, 1910. . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb00515.x" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb00515.x" year="1910">Thomson and Russell 1910</bibRefCitation>
: 159.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.43-1923.1" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" pagination="1 - 104" refId="B148" refString="Nutting, CC, 1912. Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the US Fisheries Steamer 'Albatross' primarily in Japanese waters during 1906. . Proceedings of the United States National Museum 43: 1 - 104" title="Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the US Fisheries Steamer ' Albatross' primarily in Japanese waters during 1906." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.43-1923.1" volume="43" year="1912">Nutting 1912</bibRefCitation>
: 85.
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B127">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
1919
</bibRefCitation>
: 752, 836;
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B128">1924</bibRefCitation>
(pars): 148].
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B165">Thomson and Dean 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 199.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" author="Matsumoto, AK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B137" refString="Matsumoto, AK, Ofwegen, LP van, 2016. Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella. . ZooKeys 589: 1 - 21" title="Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" volume="589" year="2016">Matsumoto and Ofwegen 2016</bibRefCitation>
: 4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Evacis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Evacis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Evacis</taxonomicName>
(nomen nudum) Verrill, 1912: 373, 377 [Des. Deichmann, 1936].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
<taxonomicName family="Plexauridae" genus="Euacis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euacis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" rank="genus">Euacis</taxonomicName>
Aurivillius, 1931: 126.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Filigella</taxonomicName>
Gray, 1868: 443. Kinoshita (pars) 1909: 1.
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B180">Verrill 1912</bibRefCitation>
: 389.
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B127">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
1919
</bibRefCitation>
: 762, 844.
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B2">Aurivillius 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 126-129.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" author="Deichmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Massachusetts" pageId="93" pageNumber="276" refId="B82" refString="Deichmann, E, 1936. XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII. . Cambridge, Massachusetts" title="XLIX. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. LIII." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49348" year="1936">Deichmann 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 147.
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B4">Bayer 1956</bibRefCitation>
: F206.
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B141">Muzik 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 142, 143;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" author="Matsumoto, AK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B137" refString="Matsumoto, AK, Ofwegen, LP van, 2016. Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella. . ZooKeys 589: 1 - 21" title="Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" volume="589" year="2016">Matsumoto and Ofwegen 2016</bibRefCitation>
: 2, 16, 19.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
non
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Filigella</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Elasmogorgia</taxonomicName>
Kinoshita, 1909: 1, 4, 5.
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B128">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
1924
</bibRefCitation>
: 148.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Heterogorgia</taxonomicName>
(pars) Verrill, 1868c: 413.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11324" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="280" refId="B145" refString="Nutting, CC, 1910a. . https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11324" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11324" year="1910 a">Nutting 1910a</bibRefCitation>
: 87.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="226" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea exserta" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="exserta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Thesea exserta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1860 (non
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Gorgonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gorgonia exserta" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="exserta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Gorgonia exserta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ellis &amp; Solander, 1786) =
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea guadalupensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="guadalupensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Thesea guadalupensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="226" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Colonies moderately threadlike, some (rare) sparsely branched in one plane; slightly flexible branches slender, long, each ascending to slightly expanded, stout, possibly truncated, distal branch tip; terminates with flattened arrow-head-like tip; proximal end, when free, also drawn into arrow-head (looking as distal end), or with small attachment disk; axis horny; coenenchyme thin. Calyces distinct, roughly placed alternately; low-domed with eight marginal teeth formed by simple converging spindles. Sclerites of coenenchyme in two layers: outer one containing large, spheroidal/oval or plate-like bodies, outer faces of which are commonly undulated, generating a wash-board appearance (key sclerite form for genus); inner layer including warted spindles of smaller diameter.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">
<bibRefCitation author="Kinoshita, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo" pageId="95" pageNumber="278" pagination="1 - 16" refId="B119" refString="Kinoshita, K, 1909. On some muriceid corals belonging to the genera Filigella and Acis. . Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Tokyo 27: 1 - 16" title="On some muriceid corals belonging to the genera Filigella and Acis." volume="27" year="1909">Kinoshita (1909)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B2">Aurivillius (1931)</bibRefCitation>
considered the genus
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Filigella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
synonymous with
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This synonymy was called into question by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" author="Matsumoto, AK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B137" refString="Matsumoto, AK, Ofwegen, LP van, 2016. Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella. . ZooKeys 589: 1 - 21" title="Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" volume="589" year="2016">Matsumoto and Ofwegen (2016)</bibRefCitation>
in statements made regarding two distinct species. They stated that
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella mitsukurii" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Filigella mitsukurii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is actually
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Euplexaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euplexaura mitsukurii" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Euplexaura mitsukurii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and that there is only one species in the genus
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, that being
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia filiformis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="filiformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Elasmogorgia filiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wright &amp; Studer, 1889 (closely resembling a species in the genus
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Astrogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Astrogorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Verrill, 1868); in actuality, there now are three accepted species in this genus, listed accordingly by Cordeiro et al. (2019) in the WoRMS Database. Considering the characteristics of the two genera (
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Euplexaura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euplexaura" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Euplexaura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Verrill, 1869 and
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), neither
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. mitsukurii" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">E. mitsukurii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. filiformis" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" rank="species" species="filiformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">E. filiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belong in the genus
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Thesea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; thus
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not synonymous with
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Thesea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" author="Matsumoto, AK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B137" refString="Matsumoto, AK, Ofwegen, LP van, 2016. Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella. . ZooKeys 589: 1 - 21" title="Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" volume="589" year="2016">Matsumoto and Ofwegen (2016)</bibRefCitation>
did state that the genus
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Filigella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Thesea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The basis for this might be the fact that the genus descriptions given by
<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="226" refId="B4">Bayer (1956</bibRefCitation>
a) for
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Thesea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Filigella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
overlap, in part; this would explain the suggestion of synonymy between the two genera made by Bayer in 1958.
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (nouvelle serie; serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="41 - 56" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/891" refId="B5" refString="Bayer, FM, 1958. Les Octocoralliaires plexaurides des cotes occidentals d'Amerique. . Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (nouvelle serie; serie A, Zoologie) 16: 41 - 56" title="Les Octocoralliaires plexaurides des cotes occidentals d'Amerique." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/891" volume="16" year="1958">Bayer (1958)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized the two genera
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Filigella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gray and
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wright and Studer with the West Atlantic genus
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="43" pageNumber="226" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="226">Thesea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Duchassaing &amp; Michellotti, and transferred the genus
<pageBreakToken pageId="44" pageNumber="227" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
the family
<taxonomicName family="Plexauridae" lsidName="" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" rank="family">Plexauridae</taxonomicName>
from the family
<taxonomicName family="Paramuriceidae" lsidName="" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" rank="family">Paramuriceidae</taxonomicName>
(latter no longer a currently recognized taxon).
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="902 - 947" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/978" refId="B8" refString="Bayer, FM, 1981. Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) with diagnoses of new taxa. . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94: 902 - 947" title="Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) with diagnoses of new taxa." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/978" volume="94" year="1981">Bayer (1981)</bibRefCitation>
then stated that
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; based on the recent work of
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" author="Matsumoto, AK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B137" refString="Matsumoto, AK, Ofwegen, LP van, 2016. Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella. . ZooKeys 589: 1 - 21" title="Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" volume="589" year="2016">Matsumoto and Ofwegen (2016)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
must be removed from
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (nouvelle serie; serie A, Zoologie)" pageId="87" pageNumber="270" pagination="41 - 56" publicationUrl="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/891" refId="B5" refString="Bayer, FM, 1958. Les Octocoralliaires plexaurides des cotes occidentals d'Amerique. . Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (nouvelle serie; serie A, Zoologie) 16: 41 - 56" title="Les Octocoralliaires plexaurides des cotes occidentals d'Amerique." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/891" volume="16" year="1958">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bayer’s">Bayer's</normalizedToken>
1958
</bibRefCitation>
synonymy, while
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
's synonymy might be retained. According to
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5134/174656" author="Utinomi, H" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="98" pageNumber="281" pagination="197 - 228" refId="B171" refString="Utinomi, H, 1961. Noteworthy octocorals collected off the southwest coast of Kii Peninsula, Middle Japan. Part 2. Telestacea, Gorgonacea and Pennatulacea. . Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 9: 197 - 228" title="Noteworthy octocorals collected off the southwest coast of Kii Peninsula, Middle Japan. Part 2. Telestacea, Gorgonacea and Pennatulacea." url="https://doi.org/10.5134/174656" volume="9" year="1961">Utinomi (1961)</bibRefCitation>
however, the coenenchyme of
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is thinner and less distinctly displays the two layers seen in most plexaurids; as well, anthocodial armature is more powerful so as to form an operculum, typical of the group formerly known as the paramuriceids. Based on this, he considered it better to retain the genus name
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than to unite it with the plexaurid genus
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation pageId="44" pageNumber="227" refId="B141">Muzik (1979)</bibRefCitation>
also did not synonymize
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; her rationale was that
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had a distinct collaret (having something more like a true operculum), along with numerous scales forming the tentacle backs. While
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was considered to be similar to
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was stated to have &quot;bulky boots&quot; (Muzik, 1979: 143) forming its (
<normalizedToken originalValue="collaret’s">collaret's</normalizedToken>
) points. She went on to surmise that, &quot;depending on the importance of anthocodial armature, these three genera
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">
(
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Thesea</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Filigella</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, along with
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Muricella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Muricella</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
may remain distinct or one day be merged into one genus.&quot; The NMNH did not use/recognize
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
during times when author visited and worked in the collection;
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was the genus designation used. From examinations of specimens at NMNH, etc., noting specimen identification while also considering the synonymy discussion given here,
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Filigella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Filigella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Filigella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may or may not be synonymous; the genus
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is used here for colonies from California (and Mexican) waters.
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and its species, including
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. filiformis" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" rank="species" species="filiformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">E. filiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is not considered, based on the recent work of
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" author="Matsumoto, AK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="96" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B137" refString="Matsumoto, AK, Ofwegen, LP van, 2016. Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella. . ZooKeys 589: 1 - 21" title="Species of Elasmogorgia and Euplexaura (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Japan with a discussion about the genus Filigella." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.589.8361" volume="589" year="2016">Matsumoto and Ofwegen (2016)</bibRefCitation>
. Cordeiro et al. (2019), in the WoRMS Database, indicated the genus
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as having accepted status, and they list some twenty-eight species within the genus; however, neither
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[non
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Elasmogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Elasmogorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
<taxonomicName genus="Holaxonia" lsidName="Holaxonia filiformis" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" rank="species" species="filiformis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">filiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Nutting, 1909) or
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Thesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thesea variabilis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="44" pageNumber="227" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="227">Thesea variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Studer, 1894) are included in that listing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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