249 lines
30 KiB
XML
249 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="3A6222FFF6E34E6023A7A712CD76F9CC" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="559d3326-742b-4d51-a2a5-3a17be2aadd1" ModsDocID="z01512p001" checkinTime="1247398715028" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Uriel Angel Buitrago-Suárez & Brooks M. Burr" docDate="2007" docId="BA14A8C319280DDB179F50BFF1A6BC56" docLanguage="en" docName="2007_Biutrago-Suarez_Burr_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1512" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A7987452-69A5-4C79-B0F2-29B889EA3E1B" docTitle="Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker 1862" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="A2A079D2DE2060E4E26286E1A32D57C0" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of the catfish genus Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) with recognition of eight species." masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1701314632309" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="BB1B7A1A3127EAFBF46F4C643EAD5067">Taxonomy of the catfish genus Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) with recognition of eight species.</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FB4BC76CD3A198B4C98034C8DCCC7791">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="08D7891FD33E6A030A300CD8B16A97E4">Uriel Angel Buitrago-Suárez</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EAFB5CD3B558C59659C02129708237F2">Brooks M. Burr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E3199DAF567FF5DEBDF2C6C5A5E10245">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E02D10A0628BDBBEE8D22AEE9B49D43A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="05E290BC1A7349B00A0CB231386134CB">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="25AD30B619DC11AB54940D81BB7D1F18">1512</mods:number>
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<treatment id="BA14A8C319280DDB179F50BFF1A6BC56" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6247953" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100117467" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6247953" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA14A8C319280DDB179F50BFF1A6BC56" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA14A8C319280DDB179F50BFF1A6BC56" lastPageNumber="8" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="5AAD04AC0088E1D9AD588A37E3762CAB" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="09884051822404B60D86EABC3BAFEB31" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="5D907A399B73CFB3A11F7931A4998403" ID-CoL="735X" ID-ENA="309910" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D25A861B-8DAE-4D3E-93DE-9BBB19B28535" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker 1862:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker, 1862</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="95BC41B8A2E6894144A00730F6A06A40" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="237D0B048083B836CC1A093D2A238809" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="01B206D58632FFE3EE3A311EAB841DE2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D25A861B-8DAE-4D3E-93DE-9BBB19B28535" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker 1862:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker, 1862</taxonomicName>
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:10. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="DD016A9E3CCA61F83B44773306656E61" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B2B53908-5031-484D-9783-35ABC9111271" family="Siluridae" genus="Silurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Silurus fasciatus Linnaeus 1766:505" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">Silurus fasciatus Linnaeus, 1766</taxonomicName>
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. Type by original designation. Gender: neuter. Lundberg and Littmann (2003) stated that
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<taxonomicName id="52B1765ABAC0033B04FB7FF31D17F32A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D25A861B-8DAE-4D3E-93DE-9BBB19B28535" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker 1862:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudoplatystoma</taxonomicName>
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is a valid name by first reviser action of Eigenmann and Eigenmann (1888).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CAE9C4E75999D0135C878A726146184F" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="B371B403DF079DF08B4A54FFC2CEBAF5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6302E002-B050-450E-ADB0-E797476E6FEC" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Hemiplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemiplatystoma Bleeker 1862:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemiplatystoma Bleeker, 1862</taxonomicName>
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:10. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="1FE2F0CA6EC1A67AABA6A4DA49CCE853" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:01DF72E1-6947-4D0E-B598-2780D54AFC38" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Platystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Platystoma tigrinum Valenciennes 1840:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrinum">Platystoma tigrinum Valenciennes, 1840</taxonomicName>
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. Type by original designation. Gender: neuter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="144575D7DA09799846BD5DF290E19A08" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="FF2D87F521E6C3551C2357C794A66CBF" pageNumber="3">
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The etymology of
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<taxonomicName id="28437E5D4119828978805C518D588E2B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D25A861B-8DAE-4D3E-93DE-9BBB19B28535" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker 1862:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudoplatystoma</taxonomicName>
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is as follows: pseudes, (Greek) for false, platys (Greek), flat and stoma (Greek), mouth.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1842639692BF8D5FC02DFE08C7B65F55" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="3F6FBBD76AAA80B312C031F5B212883F" pageNumber="3">Bleeker used a combination of characters to diagnose his new genus as follows (words in parentheses are ours)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5F7CFE12B46B77392C8ADADD929979DC" pageNumber="3">"Snout strongly depressed. Superior maxilla non -prominent. Intermaxillary (premaxillary) teeth minute, vomero -palatine teeth in four patches. Eyes in dorsal position. Nares anterior and tubulated. Long barbels. Spine (pectoral?) serrated, dorsal (spine?) slender. Anal fin short”.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7DE68C7DAE162581EB13B2819BCF9B5A" pageNumber="3">Other features noted in the literature (e.g., Ringuelet et al., 1967; Dahl, 1971; Mees, 1974) include: flat head with occipital region covered by thin skin; posterior occipital process contacting predorsal plate; fontanel of skull extends from middle of snout to posterior line of eyes, at this point it becomes a groove that reaches the occipital; pectoral fins have one spine and 8 rays; anal fin has one spine and 9 rays; caudal fin is forked with branched rays; branchiostegal rays 14-15. We reevaluated these features.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="63C439C213B237CA197D3DED54379FC1" pageNumber="3">
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We found six unique characters to support the monophyly of
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<taxonomicName id="F007A7B550670EAD69E6B9DF863CC0E4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D25A861B-8DAE-4D3E-93DE-9BBB19B28535" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker 1862:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudoplatystoma</taxonomicName>
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: foramen formed by the epioccipital process and pterotic (Fig. 2); the articular has a flange or platform on its proximal lateral side (Fig. 3C); the articular presents a large fossa where a novel muscle originates (see Buitrago -
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<normalizedToken id="C1390CA98A543796C0B52C422D45DCAA" originalValue="Suárez">Suarez</normalizedToken>
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, 2006 and Fig. 3A); the entopterygoid forms a straight angle (Figs. 4A and B); presence of a foramen between the parhypural and hypural at the joint with the compound centrum (Fig. 5); swim bladder expanded anteriorly with one appendicle departing from the anterolateral region on each side (Fig. 6A -C); spotted caudal fin (Figs. 13 and 14).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FB9E2C509E243E1936E407B914FDB1A9" type="multiple">
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<caption id="30DC91335F50B31778340E441FD5B814">
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<paragraph id="AE0B53C1B21886B062605FF369B453FE" pageNumber="4">
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<pageStartToken id="B53AFBEA5431121A0A39E2B1BBDD5DEE" pageNumber="4">FIGURE</pageStartToken>
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2. Posteroventral view of the skull of
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<taxonomicName id="67704A5969206E398BC07023070D3ED0" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatum">P. fasciatum</taxonomicName>
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, BMNH 1971-29-92-93. Boc, basioccipital; ep, epioccipital; ex, exoccipital; f, frontal; hy-f, hyomandibular fossa; par, parasphenoid; pro, prootic; pt, pterotic; pt-ep, pteroticepioccipital fossa; sph, sphenotic. Thick arrows point to the superficial extension of the lapillus (inner ear otolith), and small arrow points to the exit of the facial nerve. Scale 1 cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="6414F6341F55F4184A2B7697D8C41C2D">
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<paragraph id="62D8AC8002EF043384E7FA0E00CAD1C5" pageNumber="4">
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FIGURE 3. A, posterodistal view of the lower jaw,
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<taxonomicName id="4D0BDE0AD339718F66842251DBE6B56E" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatum">P. fasciatum</taxonomicName>
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, BMNH 1971-299293. afq, articular facet of the quadrate; ar, articular; com, minute coronomeckelian bone; d, dentary. B, posteroproximal view of the lower jaw. C, posteroventral view (note the flange on the latero-proximal side). Arrow points to a fossa where a novel muscle originates (see
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<normalizedToken id="9B6528F0EFDD2DB1F29FC322F8C86256" originalValue="Buitrago-Suárez">Buitrago-Suarez</normalizedToken>
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, 2006). Scale 1 cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="FD486AB5B2C4125D77B88B7D0C26088B">
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<paragraph id="8E73C7EE4BB2E6326A02C8EE690FFDE4" pageNumber="5">
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<pageStartToken id="20293683F28EF918CC22EBF972728D34" pageNumber="5">FIGURE</pageStartToken>
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4. A, laterodistal view of the suspensorium,
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<taxonomicName id="5ACA57838568F57C8AE53A9BBAD840D6" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatum">P. fasciatum</taxonomicName>
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, USNM 225437. br, branchiostegal rays; dmet, dermo -metapterygoid; ent, entopterygoid; fhnf, foramen for the hyomandibular ramus of the facial nerve; hc, hyomandibular condyle; hy, hyomandibula; ih, interhyal; iop, interopercle, op, opercle; po, preopercle; pth, posterohyal; q, quadrate; qc, quadrate condyle; syc, symplectic cartilage. B, anterior suspensorium; C, interopercle and associated bones. Scale 1 cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="BCE7AD89E72AC36B70EB5DDAC74F258D">
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<paragraph id="BCC27CBAB4009A759742B76BAA95C2B4" pageNumber="5">
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FIGURE 5. Caudal skeleton,
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<taxonomicName id="9145E15520759F6F77F8AC6AED64C4C7" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatum">P. fasciatum</taxonomicName>
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, USNM 225437. e, epural; h1-5, hypurals 1-5; hp, hypohyal; hs, haemal spine; ph, parhypural; pu1+u2, (pu1, preural 1) compound centrum; shp, secondary hypurapophysis; un, uroneural. Arrowhead marks a unique foramen between the parhypural and hypural 1 in
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<taxonomicName id="676FE9D51843AAFE07A1522D7903973C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D25A861B-8DAE-4D3E-93DE-9BBB19B28535" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker 1862:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudoplatystoma</taxonomicName>
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. Arrow points to a variable depression in the species of
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<taxonomicName id="0934C1ACF1D916037AD02A1F79016AB6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D25A861B-8DAE-4D3E-93DE-9BBB19B28535" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker 1862:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudoplatystoma</taxonomicName>
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. Scale 1 cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="3ACD398B4B90A8CC9C83D9BC692A6482">
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<paragraph id="53833A44E79C0A29DA870B95C4ACF471" pageNumber="6">
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<pageStartToken id="D6E7EF3E9BA74B446CCCE6750B718E04" pageNumber="6">FIGURE</pageStartToken>
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6. Ventral view of the swim bladder, A & B,
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<taxonomicName id="1385B57CA9296D5D3CACC78A12AC41E8" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="metaense">P. metaense</taxonomicName>
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, ANSP, 149541; C,
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<taxonomicName id="0C021C3A1370FE51712C2CB4D59EF4CB" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orinocoense">P. orinocoense</taxonomicName>
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, INHS 62069. Arrowheads point to the antero lateral branch or appendicle (see text, diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="2FBB8419C85928F4C52CFBD73B8D307F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D25A861B-8DAE-4D3E-93DE-9BBB19B28535" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker 1862:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudoplatystoma</taxonomicName>
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). Scale 5 cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7C829EAB0C6D6430C8B944D87E9CC7D" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3D82A9FEFDBDBC6D8D42576869B0EAA9" pageNumber="6">
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As recognized here, the genus contains at least 8 species:
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<taxonomicName id="1F714917474378A611719505DEFF057D" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatum">P. fasciatum</taxonomicName>
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restricted to the Guyana region;
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<taxonomicName id="09B78FE651E910D7D75E093961D40C7E" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctifer">P. punctifer</taxonomicName>
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(formerly recognized as
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<taxonomicName id="96EC061D90087A1CC470580E1310CC04" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatum">P. fasciatum</taxonomicName>
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from the Amazon River);
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<taxonomicName id="BE681A1DB3BC011F80103451D89E1D5C" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orinocoense">P. orinocoense</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C50C8229E687B1385B8F1E7DA3D99C39" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, (formerly
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<taxonomicName id="2576A43D7BAE17722BF1E8B55523DE7B" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatum">P. fasciatum</taxonomicName>
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from the Orinoco basin);
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<taxonomicName id="34AFD16E324DFE577AB56CCBF1AC6B4B" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magdaleniatum">P. magdaleniatum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="884661E65C16FF96B28D216B2073EE89" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, (formerly
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<taxonomicName id="62E9FE687DCD087C2D0F7B48237A658E" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatum">P. fasciatum</taxonomicName>
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from the Magdalena River);
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<taxonomicName id="AC68A4783E752E404651476EC2264245" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DF7C11A1-A4A8-4292-80C2-8758CB3C5408" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum reticulatum Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889:30" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatum">P. reticulatum</taxonomicName>
|
|
(formerly
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3A31320BBA2B6F26DB816B98D9E0C193" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatum">P. fasciatum</taxonomicName>
|
|
from the Amazon and
|
|
<normalizedToken id="6D4085CE8DC13D72D96EB9AA89DFF218" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
|
rivers);
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6A8481053001F130C007C32E2F2D2840" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4273BD59-A1D7-4FA9-9831-1E9B2891DEFA" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Platystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Platystoma corruscans Spix & Agassiz 1829:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corruscans">P. corruscans</taxonomicName>
|
|
(from the
|
|
<normalizedToken id="72B277F76DAE7DD33FC9D9F6A5DCDCAE" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
|
and
|
|
<normalizedToken id="1E95DDF51D3008A55627AAC4847031EF" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Francisco rivers),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="84CB39EF5EFB3D0A8DE21F0E467E9E92" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:01DF72E1-6947-4D0E-B598-2780D54AFC38" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Platystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Platystoma tigrinum Valenciennes 1840:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrinum">P. tigrinum</taxonomicName>
|
|
, restricted to the Amazon basin, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8DF7B0A5FFA57B9D485672D59B7E7883" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="metaense">P. metaense</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FC6CB15DD0B5411834BDAB8D4ED25EC6" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
(formerly
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EC4392440D2362175A64DD1B7DFFBE83" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:01DF72E1-6947-4D0E-B598-2780D54AFC38" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Platystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Platystoma tigrinum Valenciennes 1840:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrinum">P. tigrinum</taxonomicName>
|
|
from the Orinoco River).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="D0F129491E89F8AF5AD2E9E7121DF061" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="3545AEA1581020D3D0E6AB02B177AB39" pageNumber="6">
|
|
Additionally, we recognize two clades of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C2E075D57C09E093F1EDAD609E64C922" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D25A861B-8DAE-4D3E-93DE-9BBB19B28535" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker 1862:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudoplatystoma</taxonomicName>
|
|
(see
|
|
<normalizedToken id="56244A64213ED92BD5A1F127384F9BC5" originalValue="Buitrago-Suárez">Buitrago-Suarez</normalizedToken>
|
|
, 2005), both supported by anatomical characters. In the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="238E7CFD4CF89DEB0A24580E13F84D11" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatum">P. fasciatum</taxonomicName>
|
|
clade (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="338FEE49D6B4CDED58EFAFD3DFE2093B" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatum">P. fasciatum</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B9CDA44C6A934DA3E1B585C989FDEF15" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctifer">P. punctifer</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0CE4B7593F783D37F03130705B8203BB" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orinocoense">P. orinocoense</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4393A397D5DC88C131F9BC2CFFF9A68F" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magdaleniatum">P. magdaleniatum</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BC5D4C2354582F4E3132A807AC87428E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DF7C11A1-A4A8-4292-80C2-8758CB3C5408" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum reticulatum Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889:30" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatum">P. reticulatum</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="14A43CB756E29DC039499F8DDC5939F5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4273BD59-A1D7-4FA9-9831-1E9B2891DEFA" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Platystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Platystoma corruscans Spix & Agassiz 1829:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corruscans">P. corruscans</taxonomicName>
|
|
) the anterior fontanel is almost entirely surrounded by the mesethmoid and frontals. The fontanel is surrounded by the mesethmoid, frontal, and supraoccipital in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5435F6F845B9BA7C0A949EBA5756493D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:01DF72E1-6947-4D0E-B598-2780D54AFC38" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Platystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Platystoma tigrinum Valenciennes 1840:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrinum">P. tigrinum</taxonomicName>
|
|
clade (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="52415845890E7EED01EC2CF777FCDE6A" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="metaense">P. metaense</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="98D865262E5B3BE4993B9C3AE56E21AC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:01DF72E1-6947-4D0E-B598-2780D54AFC38" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Platystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Platystoma tigrinum Valenciennes 1840:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrinum">P. tigrinum</taxonomicName>
|
|
only) (Figs. 7 and 8). A tooth patch covers the dorsal surface of ceratobranchial5 and extends beyond 1/3 of the ventral region in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4BCA074FD46CE5BC65FD792336C0AC59" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatum">P. fasciatum</taxonomicName>
|
|
clade. The tooth patch on ceratobranchial5 covers only the dorsal surface in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D8098B2FF3250563FAB59946346D2B34" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:01DF72E1-6947-4D0E-B598-2780D54AFC38" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Platystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Platystoma tigrinum Valenciennes 1840:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrinum">P. tigrinum</taxonomicName>
|
|
clade (Fig. 9). In the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7070EA1AD3F32B2650567473AD096910" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:01DF72E1-6947-4D0E-B598-2780D54AFC38" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Platystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Platystoma tigrinum Valenciennes 1840:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrinum">P. tigrinum</taxonomicName>
|
|
clade, the lateral ethmoid bears a small process anteriorly (Fig. 8). The process develops from a ventral elevation that serves as the site for a connection of a bundle of ligaments coming from the entopterygoid. The
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9D0D2E04CFF200649CA3B622121F7EBE" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatum">P. fasciatum</taxonomicName>
|
|
clade lacks this process.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="61D77BD3A8D05501BA7D33EC524C2559" pageNumber="6">
|
|
The presence of a median crest in the posterior process of the supraoccipital is uncommon in pimelodines. This feature does not distinguish unambiguously between the two clades, but is present in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C1D791401156C5BE8928B613A58667DB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:01DF72E1-6947-4D0E-B598-2780D54AFC38" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Platystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Platystoma tigrinum Valenciennes 1840:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrinum">P. tigrinum</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A3C9C350BAB1D85BE7893F2F409A3112" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="metaense">P. metaense</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5D2ECA607B6BAA8E304DBFD724E172DF" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magdaleniatum">P. magdaleniatum</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig. 7).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="68D7E8C5651190D25C1063758126E3CD" type="multiple">
|
|
<caption id="0DDA3900DD9B420B2E6FE31F58BD8FFD">
|
|
<paragraph id="FC093084117C6CF313118B8865D6BA63" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<pageStartToken id="22CDA414536AD4698FA7E30A6BF9CB5C" pageNumber="7">FIGURE</pageStartToken>
|
|
7. Posterodorsal region of the skull,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4786DAB03EDD4F8D6FDB1CBC6FC54992" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:01DF72E1-6947-4D0E-B598-2780D54AFC38" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Platystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Platystoma tigrinum Valenciennes 1840:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrinum">P. tigrinum</taxonomicName>
|
|
, SIUC 39229. ep, epioccipital; f, frontal; ff, frontal fontanel; so, supraoccipital; sop, supraocciptal process; pst, posttemporal; and pt, pterotic. Arrow points to a groove, arrowhead marks the small posterior fontanel. Scale 1 cm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="204E7C1EB23E4AAE1036C5A188D21A37">
|
|
<paragraph id="F83F67FBF5CAA6106CF958EA42D48595" pageNumber="7">
|
|
FIGURE 8. Anterodorsal view of the skull of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2222C26EA42B0F89D9ECA84CC2EDBCF2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:01DF72E1-6947-4D0E-B598-2780D54AFC38" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Platystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Platystoma tigrinum Valenciennes 1840:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrinum">P. tigrinum</taxonomicName>
|
|
, SIUC 39229. f, frontal; io1+2, infraorbital 1+2 (lacrimal sensu Lundberg & McDade 1986); let, lateral ethmoid; max, maxilla; mes, mesethmoid; n, nasal; pal, palatine; pre, premaxilla. Note the well developed process of the let. Scale 1 cm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="BE98C36129C733E7881C456A2630DEC2">
|
|
<paragraph id="9AB51559EFBD65353E945951CE61B637" pageNumber="8">
|
|
<pageStartToken id="2C10D0DE879A92CEEB04970D91DDB31D" pageNumber="8">FIGURE</pageStartToken>
|
|
9. Anteroventral elements of the branchial apparatus (A),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EF4661736CC1B048EF5F364A03C1D70F" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatum">P. fasciatum</taxonomicName>
|
|
, ANSP 177346. B, ventral view of ceratobranchial5,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ADF1E12B308AE830516D2315493E94FA" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Pseudoplatystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatum">P. fasciatum</taxonomicName>
|
|
, USNM 225437. bb3, basibranchial 3; cb3, ceratobranchial 3; cb4, ceratobranchial 4; cb5, ceratobranchial 5 and hb3, hypobranchial 3. Curved arrows point to the cb5 tooth patch. Scale 1 cm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |