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<document id="748F1798759C4327D2EC062FB5AEC8C5" ID-CLB-Dataset="22150" ID-DOI="10.1093/isd/ixaa004" ID-GBIF-Dataset="430a96d1-f5cd-4234-a35d-3f324ed63974" ID-ISSN="2399-3421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3826703" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589462544516" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Longino, John T. &amp; Branstetter, Michael G." docDate="2020" docId="9C548790FFFFFFBDFF6944F4FBA0FC14" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectSystDivers.4.2.1.1-33.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (2), No. 1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74.8:InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74" docStyleName="InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Rasopone Species-Level Characters" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="606DFFE8FFF7FFB5FFFB4247FF8BFFCA" masterDocTitle="Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and ‘ Bird Guide’ Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="33" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698839640687" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="1A45D8F17650FD00600DDA8A137F7D65">Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and ‘ Bird Guide’ Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="389DFB8AAFE157BDE6DCC299310CD6F8">Longino, John T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5F0841CA1FDF9E06A3E843E605CFC3B0">Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A53569856517F32F988C3E9234AA3F4C">Branstetter, Michael G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2EB39B96666A013F412F47EED47DC46E">USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Utah State</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="BE09854F9AAB11DBE5051042161C07CD">Insect Systematics and Diversity</mods:title>
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<treatment id="9C548790FFFFFFBDFF6944F4FBA0FC14" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3847156" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164133758" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3847156" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C548790FFFFFFBDFF6944F4FBA0FC14" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C548790FFFFFFBDFF6944F4FBA0FC14" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<paragraph id="14423686FFFFFFBDFF6944F4FDADF903" blockId="8.[146,770,1714,2004]" box="[146,550,1714,1738]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="D3FD4D05FFFFFFBDFF6944F4FDADF903" authority="Species-Level Characters" box="[146,550,1714,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Rasopone" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2689EA94FFFFFFBDFF6944F4FE88F900" box="[146,259,1715,1738]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rasopone</emphasis>
Species-Level Characters
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="14423686FFFFFFBDFF694492FB94FDAA" blockId="8.[146,770,1714,2004]" lastBlockId="8.[818,1442,149,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
The species of
<taxonomicName id="D3FD4D05FFFFFFBDFEE74491FEFCF922" box="[284,375,1750,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Rasopone" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2689EA94FFFFFFBDFEE74491FEFCF922" box="[284,375,1750,1768]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rasopone</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a uniform habitus (
<figureCitation id="8CC62A03FFFFFFBDFD9E4492FD21F923" box="[613,682,1749,1769]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[146,173,1399,1416]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,149,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[154,1434,147,1364]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Characteristics of Rasopone species. (A) Habitus. (B) Scale-like petiole, showing definitions of petiole height (PTH) and petiole length (PTL), and the distinctive shape of the sternite. (C) Petiolar node intermediate between scale-like and cuboidal. (D) Cuboidal petiolar node. (E) Anterior clypeal margin truncate, with angulate lateral lobes. (F) Anterior clypeal margin sinuous, with rounded lateral lobes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826705/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Worker HW varies from 0.80 to 1.70. The coefficient of variation for metric characters is typically ~5%. The medial projection of the anterior clypeal margin varies from strongly square-cut, flat medially and with sharp lateral corners (
<figureCitation id="8CC62A03FFFFFFBDFE62450CFE54F894" box="[409,479,1867,1886]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[146,173,1399,1416]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,149,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[154,1434,147,1364]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Characteristics of Rasopone species. (A) Habitus. (B) Scale-like petiole, showing definitions of petiole height (PTH) and petiole length (PTL), and the distinctive shape of the sternite. (C) Petiolar node intermediate between scale-like and cuboidal. (D) Cuboidal petiolar node. (E) Anterior clypeal margin truncate, with angulate lateral lobes. (F) Anterior clypeal margin sinuous, with rounded lateral lobes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826705/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
), to medially emarginate with rounded lateral lobes (
<figureCitation id="8CC62A03FFFFFFBDFE9C452FFE22F8B1" box="[359,425,1896,1915]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[146,173,1399,1416]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,149,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[154,1434,147,1364]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Characteristics of Rasopone species. (A) Habitus. (B) Scale-like petiole, showing definitions of petiole height (PTH) and petiole length (PTL), and the distinctive shape of the sternite. (C) Petiolar node intermediate between scale-like and cuboidal. (D) Cuboidal petiolar node. (E) Anterior clypeal margin truncate, with angulate lateral lobes. (F) Anterior clypeal margin sinuous, with rounded lateral lobes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826705/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
). These two states are referred to as
<emphasis id="2689EA94FFFFFFBDFF6945C1FF55F852" box="[146,222,1926,1944]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">truncate</emphasis>
or
<emphasis id="2689EA94FFFFFFBDFEF845C1FEC2F852" box="[259,329,1926,1944]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sinuous</emphasis>
in species accounts. The mandibles vary from striate to smooth and shining. The sides of the head show variable levels of pilosity, from bare to having numerous short setae uniformly distributed. Face sculpture is usually a uniform surface of dense minute puncta, but in some species these are overlain with larger, more widely spaced puncta. When present, the larger puncta are usually faint and only visible under particular orientation and lighting. The degree of expression of these larger puncta is a continuum across species, and their presence is only noted for species with relatively strong expression. The petiole in lateral view varies from scale-like to cuboidal. The anterior margin is always flat to slightly concave. In species with strongly cuboidal nodes the posterior margin is also flat, parallel to the anterior margin, and there is a differentiated dorsal face (
<figureCitation id="8CC62A03FFFFFFBDFBAB43FCFB1DFE04" box="[1104,1174,443,462]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[146,173,1399,1416]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,149,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[154,1434,147,1364]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Characteristics of Rasopone species. (A) Habitus. (B) Scale-like petiole, showing definitions of petiole height (PTH) and petiole length (PTL), and the distinctive shape of the sternite. (C) Petiolar node intermediate between scale-like and cuboidal. (D) Cuboidal petiolar node. (E) Anterior clypeal margin truncate, with angulate lateral lobes. (F) Anterior clypeal margin sinuous, with rounded lateral lobes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826705/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). In species with a scale-like node, the dorsal and posterior faces are not differentiated and form a single convex curve (
<figureCitation id="8CC62A03FFFFFFBDFBF843B2FBCEFDC3" box="[1027,1093,501,521]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[146,173,1399,1416]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,149,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[154,1434,147,1364]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Characteristics of Rasopone species. (A) Habitus. (B) Scale-like petiole, showing definitions of petiole height (PTH) and petiole length (PTL), and the distinctive shape of the sternite. (C) Petiolar node intermediate between scale-like and cuboidal. (D) Cuboidal petiolar node. (E) Anterior clypeal margin truncate, with angulate lateral lobes. (F) Anterior clypeal margin sinuous, with rounded lateral lobes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826705/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Among species there is a continuum from cuboidal to scale-like nodes (
<figureCitation id="8CC62A03FFFFFFBDFB874054FB25FDEC" box="[1148,1198,531,550]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[146,173,1399,1416]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,149,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[154,1434,147,1364]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Characteristics of Rasopone species. (A) Habitus. (B) Scale-like petiole, showing definitions of petiole height (PTH) and petiole length (PTL), and the distinctive shape of the sternite. (C) Petiolar node intermediate between scale-like and cuboidal. (D) Cuboidal petiolar node. (E) Anterior clypeal margin truncate, with angulate lateral lobes. (F) Anterior clypeal margin sinuous, with rounded lateral lobes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826705/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
B–D). Petiolar nodes also vary in height to length ratio, some being relatively tall and thin, others shorter and longer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14423686FFFFFFBDFCA9402CFC65FCDA" blockId="8.[818,1442,149,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Queens are very similar to workers except for larger compound eyes, presence of ocelli, and queen-typical mesosomal sclerites (
<figureCitation id="8CC62A03FFFFFFBDFCC240E2FCE7FD73" box="[825,876,677,697]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[146,173,1261,1278]" captionTargetBox="[315,1274,148,1225]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[314,1274,147,1226]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Dealate queen of Rasopone ferruginea (Nicaragua, CASENT0624181). Scale bars are 0.5 mm for face view, 1.0 mm for dorsal and lateral views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826711/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). The ocelli are always very small. In species for which queens and workers are known, HW is approximately the same for the two castes.
<taxonomicName id="D3FD4D05FFFFFFBDFC8940A6FBABFD39" box="[882,1056,736,755]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Rasopone" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cubitalis">
<emphasis id="2689EA94FFFFFFBDFC8940A6FBABFD39" box="[882,1056,736,755]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rasopone cubitalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be an exception, with queens ~1.17× larger than workers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14423686FFFFFFBDFCA9415CFBA0FC14" blockId="8.[818,1442,149,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Males are known for a few species. The
<typeStatus id="CB468824FFFFFFBDFAEE415CFAB7FCE4" box="[1301,1340,795,814]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="D3FD4D05FFFFFFBDFCC9417EFC20FC81" baseAuthorityName="Mackay and Mackay" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[818,939,824,843]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Rasopone" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupinicola">
<emphasis id="2689EA94FFFFFFBDFCC9417EFC20FC81" box="[818,939,824,843]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. rupinicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected with one or more males. Males occur in Malaise samples and a few have been associated with workers using COI sequence data. A figure is provided of the associated male of
<taxonomicName id="D3FD4D05FFFFFFBDFCC941D6FC57FC69" box="[818,988,913,931]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Rasopone" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesoamericana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2689EA94FFFFFFBDFCC941D6FC57FC69" box="[818,988,913,931]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. mesoamericana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2689EA94FFFFFFBDFC1941D7FBA3FC69" bold="true" box="[994,1064,912,931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DBA57EFFFFFFFBDFC1941D7FBA3FC69" box="[994,1064,912,931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8CC62A03FFFFFFBDFBCD41D7FBE0FC69" box="[1078,1131,912,931]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[146,173,1384,1401]" captionTargetBox="[313,1275,149,1348]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[312,1275,147,1349]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Male of Rasopone mesoamericana sp. nov. (Nicaragua, CASENT0627722). Scale bars are 0.5 mm for face view, 1.0 mm for dorsal and lateral views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826713/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), and several males are figured in Supp Figs. S18, S21, and S31 (online only), but otherwise males are not examined in this study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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