924 lines
106 KiB
XML
924 lines
106 KiB
XML
<document id="630FF68CD7DBBBACF7A60DC92F99B525" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.186228" ID-GBIF-Dataset="588350bd-b3b3-43dd-a16c-e905c14d7656" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="186228" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461048279012" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lötters, Stefan, Schmitz, Andreas, Reichle, Steffen, Rödder, Dennis & Quennet, Verena" docDate="2009" docId="03FE22324C61FFF8FF77FA47B8D9247A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02028p030.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2028" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ameerega boehmei Lötters, Schmitz, Reichle, Rödder & Quennet, 2009, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="FFC75A4A4C63FFF1FFE0FFADBA332739" masterDocTitle="Another case of cryptic diversity in poison frogs (Dendrobatidae: Ameerega) — description of a new species from Bolivia" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="20" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1698577778489" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="1D0BB0BB41FF30B0CF943481F743B104">Another case of cryptic diversity in poison frogs (Dendrobatidae: Ameerega) — description of a new species from Bolivia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="718E48A92673E78B42DAD4037EFAB26A">Lötters, Stefan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4300E26E04831CA24A9D5986496007C0">Schmitz, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DF054A5D2525497DAC2394BDE1C78857">Reichle, Steffen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5EE0385D27ADB6C9A43735E8B436F224">Rödder, Dennis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="A454B3656FBDE9F0785D98071BC24285" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="BE634D868BC3D7CA42B9C38BFD024A53">Quennet, Verena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3AFE7DB702A47F8440A08EA829230142">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="AFD48AC8C05D46CD5325993B8D68EEDB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CE2C1F3E97C7B1ACB0B7FE159D1072B9">
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<mods:date id="EA795A7E2638E9B5E30F5800BDCD3233">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9EFE849F79B65F51A41419F3703AA521" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="ACD9C08837BAE297521E6F57E526D909">2028</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B43DD868C7EAD69730BBE9A170A93037" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.186228</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2F762F6394616B7E6878DFF89FF1282C" type="GBIF-Dataset">588350bd-b3b3-43dd-a16c-e905c14d7656</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FE22324C61FFF8FF77FA47B8D9247A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5690112" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119611277" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5690112" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE22324C61FFF8FF77FA47B8D9247A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE22324C61FFF8FF77FA47B8D9247A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection id="C34DC0AF4C61FFF3FF77FA47BB2B211F" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE893244C61FFF3FF77FA47BBD0213A" blockId="2.[151,483,1513,1574]" box="[151,483,1513,1540]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="D0A024484C61FFF3FF77FA47BBD0213A" bold="true" box="[151,483,1513,1540]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C61FFF3FF77FA47BBD0213A" bold="true" box="[151,483,1513,1540]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C61FFF3FF77FA47BB4D213D" ID-CoL="CQ6L" box="[151,382,1514,1540]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9234F364C61FFF3FF77FA47BB4D213D" bold="true" box="[151,382,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">Ameerega boehmei</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A210F24D4C61FFF3FE66FA44BBD0213A" box="[390,483,1513,1539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C61FFF3FF77F9A1BB2B211F" blockId="2.[151,483,1513,1574]" box="[151,280,1548,1574]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">
|
||
(
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<figureCitation id="136C8FA14C61FFF3FF7FF9A1BB3C211F" box="[159,271,1548,1574]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="4.[151,259,1246,1270]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,255,2006,2030]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1427,299,1235]" captionTargetBox-1="[297,1282,1462,1952]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[164,1429,299,1235]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[217,1369,1416,2034]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. From upper left to lower right: Ameerega braccata from Mato Grosso, Brazil (photo courtesy of M. Martins); A. flavopicta from Minas Gerais, Brazil (photo courtesy of M. Martins); flavopicta / braccata - like new species, A. boehmei, topotypic specimen not collected (photo by S. Reichle); aspect of landscape which is inhabited by A. boehmei; specimens mostly occur near sandstone which are often situated near running water (foreground) (photo by S. Reichle)." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Ventral and dorsal views of preserved holotype (NKA 8469) of Ameerega boehmei (photos by S. Reichle)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/186230/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/186231/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34DC0AF4C61FFF3FF77F9F7BE6C21A8" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C61FFF3FF77F9F7BE1F2148" blockId="2.[151,1216,1626,1745]" box="[151,1068,1626,1649]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB47B40A4C61FFF3FF77F9F7BE1F2148" box="[151,1068,1626,1649]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C61FFF3FF77F9F7BBA82148" ID-CoL="34M8D" box="[151,411,1626,1649]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopictus">
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<emphasis id="B9234F364C61FFF3FF77F9F7BBA82148" box="[151,411,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">Dendrobates flavopictus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(non
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<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C61FFF3FE39F9F7B96B2148" authority="A. Lutz, 1925" authorityName="A. Lutz" authorityYear="1925" box="[473,856,1626,1649]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Hylaplesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopicta">
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||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C61FFF3FE39F9F7B88D2148" box="[473,702,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">Hylaplesia flavopicta</emphasis>
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||
A. Lutz, 1925
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
)—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF6B5354C61FFF3FC9CF9F7BE1B2148" author="Gans" box="[892,1064,1626,1649]" page="298" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" year="1960">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C61FFF3FC9CF9F7B9C02148" author="Gans" box="[892,1011,1626,1649]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" refString="Gans, C. (1960) Notes on a herpetological collecting trip through the southeastern lowlands of Bolivia. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 35, 283 - 314." type="journal article" year="1960">Gans 1960</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 298
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C61FFF3FF77F9D7BE6C21A8" blockId="2.[151,1216,1626,1745]" box="[151,1119,1658,1681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB47B40A4C61FFF3FF77F9D7BE6C21A8" box="[151,1119,1658,1681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C61FFF3FF77F9D7BB6821A8" ID-CoL="77F85" box="[151,347,1658,1681]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Phyllobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C61FFF3FF77F9D7BB6821A8" box="[151,347,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">Phyllobates pictus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(non
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C61FFF3FE79F9D7B8D421A8" authority="Tschudi, 1838" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[409,743,1658,1681]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Hylaplesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="picta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C61FFF3FE79F9D7B87B21A8" box="[409,584,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">Hylaplesia picta</emphasis>
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||
Tschudi, 1838
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
) —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF6B5354C61FFF3FCF7F9D7B9C921A8" author="Silverstone" box="[791,1018,1658,1681]" page="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" year="1976">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C61FFF3FCF7F9D7B9E621A8" author="Silverstone" box="[791,981,1658,1681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" refString="Silverstone, P. A. (1976) A revision of the poison-arrow frogs of the genus Phyllobates Bibron in Sagra (family Dendrobatidae). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Scientific Bulletin, 21, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1976">Silverstone, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 39
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(partim).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34DC0AF4C61FFF3FF77F937BEF321E8" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C61FFF3FF77F937BEF321E8" blockId="2.[151,1216,1626,1745]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB47B40A4C61FFF3FF77F937BEF321E8" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C61FFF3FF77F937BBA42188" ID-CoL="6G7NX" box="[151,407,1690,1713]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Epipedobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braccatus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C61FFF3FF77F937BBA42188" box="[151,407,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">Epipedobates braccatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(non
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<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C61FFF3FE36F937B9902188" ID-CoL="34M7X" authority="Steindachner, 1864" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1864" box="[470,931,1690,1713]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braccatus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C61FFF3FE36F937B8FD2188" box="[470,718,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">Dendrobates braccatus</emphasis>
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Steindachner, 1864
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
) —
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF6B5354C61FFF3FC32F937BE962188" author="Morales" box="[978,1189,1690,1713]" page="270" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" year="2001">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C61FFF3FC32F937BE432188" author="Morales" box="[978,1136,1690,1713]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" refString="Morales, V. (2001) Geographic distribution. Anura. Epipedobates braccatus. Herpetological Review, 32, 270." type="journal article" year="2001">Morales, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 270
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C61FFF3FF77F917BB4021E8" ID-CoL="CQ6T" box="[151,371,1722,1745]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopicta">
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||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C61FFF3FF77F917BB4021E8" box="[151,371,1722,1745]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">Ameerega flavopicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(non
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C61FFF3FE51F917B90121E8" authority="A. Lutz, 1925" authorityName="A. Lutz" authorityYear="1925" box="[433,818,1722,1745]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Hylaplesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C61FFF3FE51F917B8A521E8" box="[433,662,1722,1745]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">Hylaplesia flavopicta</emphasis>
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||
A. Lutz, 1925
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
) —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF6B5354C61FFF3FC82F917BE6821E8" author="Lotters" box="[866,1115,1722,1745]" page="333" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C61FFF3FC82F917BE1B21E8" author="Lotters" box="[866,1064,1722,1745]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" refString="Lotters, S., K. - H. Jungfer, H. - W. Henkel & Schmitz, W. (2007) Poison Frogs. Biology, Species & Captive Husbandry. Chimaira, Frankfurt / Main, 668 pp." type="book" year="2007">
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||
Lötters
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||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C61FFF3FC54F917B9D921E8" box="[948,1002,1722,1745]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 333
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(partim).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34DC0AF4C61FFF3FF77F8ADBF5120E5" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C61FFF3FF77F8ADB8BB2051" blockId="2.[151,1436,1792,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C61FFF3FF77F8ADBB272023" bold="true" box="[151,276,1792,1818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC2D864C61FFF3FF77F8ADBB3C2023" box="[151,271,1792,1818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<collectionCode id="ED460BE14C61FFF3FEFDF8ADBB6D2023" box="[285,350,1792,1818]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/djj9-ma3h" name="Nationales Konsiliarlabor fur Adenoviren" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">NKA</collectionCode>
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||
8469, male, Serranía de Santiago, roughly
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF3EC14C61FFF3FC93F8ADB9822023" box="[883,945,1792,1818]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||
east of Santiago de Chiquitos (1819
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||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C61FFF3FA91F8ADBF482023" bold="true" box="[1393,1403,1792,1818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">’</emphasis>
|
||
S, 5934
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C61FFF3FF31F88ABAE82078" bold="true" box="[209,219,1831,1857]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">’</emphasis>
|
||
W, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF3EC14C61FFF3FED2F88ABB482078" box="[306,379,1831,1857]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level), Chiquitanía region, Provincia San Jos de Chiquitos, Departamento Santa Cruz,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340D3B44C61FFF3FF3EF8E3BB042051" box="[222,311,1870,1896]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE9B5E44C61FFF3FEA3F8E3BBF42051" box="[323,455,1870,1896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" value="2002-04">April 2002</date>
|
||
, V. Quennet leg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C61FFF3FF25F8D9BF5120E5" blockId="2.[151,1436,1792,2012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C61FFF3FF25F8D9BB7920B7" bold="true" box="[197,330,1908,1934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC2D864C61FFF3FF25F8D9BB7620B7" box="[197,325,1908,1934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED460BE14C61FFF3FEB1F8D9BBA220B7" box="[337,401,1908,1934]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/djj9-ma3h" name="Nationales Konsiliarlabor fur Adenoviren" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">NKA</collectionCode>
|
||
8470-72,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED460BE14C61FFF3FDE9F8D9B86820B7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[521,603,1908,1934]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">ZFMK</collectionCode>
|
||
77442-444, males, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC2D864C61FFF3FC00F8D9BE7920B7" box="[992,1098,1908,1934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED460BE14C61FFF3FBB5F8D9BEBD20B7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" box="[1109,1166,1908,1934]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">CAS</collectionCode>
|
||
97762-63, CM 36155,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED460BE14C61FFF3FF77F836BADF208C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[151,236,1947,1973]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
44399, 60976,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED460BE14C61FFF3FE44F836BBD7208C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" box="[420,484,1947,1973]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
29813-25, Serranía de Chochis, near El Portón (1860
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C61FFF3FBBBF836BE56208C" bold="true" box="[1115,1125,1947,1973]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">’</emphasis>
|
||
S, 6040
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C61FFF3FB26F836BEE3208C" bold="true" box="[1222,1232,1947,1973]" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">’</emphasis>
|
||
W, ca. ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF3EC14C61FFF3FAB2F836BFAF208C" box="[1362,1436,1947,1973]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="720.0">720 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level), Chiquitanía region, Provincia San Jos de Chiquitos, Departamento Santa Cruz,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340D3B44C61FFF3FAE4F86FBF6D20E5" box="[1284,1374,1986,2012]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="22">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34DC0AF4C60FFF2FF25FF3ABF0C2312" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C60FFF2FF25FF3ABE4826DE" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FF25FF3ABB7B2788" bold="true" box="[197,328,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The new species is assigned to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FCAAFF35B9F12788" box="[842,962,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FCAAFF35B9F12788" box="[842,962,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">Ameerega</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C60FFF2FBC1FF35BEC7278B" author="Grant" box="[1057,1268,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" refString="Grant, T., D. R. Frost, J. P. Caldwell, R. Gagliardo, C. F. B. Haddad, P. J. R. Kok, B. D. Means, B. P. Noonan, W. Schargel & Wheeler, W. C. (2006) Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Anura: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 299, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Grant
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FB8EFF35BE982788" box="[1134,1195,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C60FFF2FAE1FF35BAE527E1" author="Lotters" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" refString="Lotters, S., K. - H. Jungfer, H. - W. Henkel & Schmitz, W. (2007) Poison Frogs. Biology, Species & Captive Husbandry. Chimaira, Frankfurt / Main, 668 pp." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Lötters
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FABFFF35BFAF2788" box="[1375,1436,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) based on the following combination of characters: (1) dorsal skin slightly granular; (2) Finger I> Finger II when adpressed; (3) toe and finger webbing absent; (4) presence of bright flash marks and absence of ventrolateral line. Its specific diagnostic characters include: (5) adult mean size
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF3EC14C60FFF2FBB6FEA1BEFE261F" box="[1110,1229,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.757" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="27.57">27.57 mm</quantity>
|
||
2.56 (
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF3EC14C60FFF2FAF6FEA1BFAB261F" box="[1302,1432,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="27.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="19.0">19–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
, N = 46); (6) maxillary teeth present; (7) tympanum well visible; (8) black ground colour with bright yellow dorsolateral lines from snout to groin, bright yellow labial line continuous up to upper arm and bright yellow mid-dorsal spots and/or dots, commonly arranged in two parallel lines; (9) bright orange-red axillary, thigh (extending onto femur) and calf flash marks; (10) limbs brown with black markings or black with bright yellow markings; (11) ventral surfaces light grey to light brown with black marbling.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C60FFF2FF25FE59BF0C2312" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">
|
||
The new species is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FD90FE59BE332537" authority="Steindachner, 1864" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1864" box="[624,1024,500,526]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braccata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FD90FE59B8CE2534" box="[624,765,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">A. braccata</emphasis>
|
||
(Steindachner, 1864)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FBDCFE59BFAE2537" authority="A. Lutz, 1925" authorityName="A. Lutz" authorityYear="1925" box="[1084,1437,500,526]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Hylaplesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FBDCFE59BEE42534" box="[1084,1239,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">A. flavopicta</emphasis>
|
||
(A. Lutz, 1925)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340D3B44C60FFF2FF3CFDB7BB1F250D" box="[220,300,538,564]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the only other members in the genus with bright mid-dorsal spots and/or dots, commonly arranged in two parallel lines.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FDE7FDECB8DF2563" box="[519,748,577,602]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FDE7FDECB8DF2563" box="[519,748,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">Ameerega boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FC65FDECBE212563" box="[901,1042,577,602]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braccata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FC65FDECBE212563" box="[901,1042,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">A. braccata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
characters 1–4, 6–11 and can be distinguished on the basis of adult size:
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF3EC14C60FFF2FD86FDC5B8EE25BB" box="[614,733,616,642]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.757" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="27.57">27.57 mm</quantity>
|
||
2.56 (
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF3EC14C60FFF2FCC6FDC5B99B25BB" box="[806,936,616,642]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="27.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="19.0">19–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
, N = 46) versus
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF3EC14C60FFF2FB86FDC5BEEF25BB" box="[1126,1244,616,642]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.019" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="20.19">20.19 mm</quantity>
|
||
1.32 (
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF3EC14C60FFF2FAC5FDC5BAFA2591" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" metricValueMax="2.13" metricValueMin="1.83" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="19.8" valueMax="21.3" valueMin="18.3">18.3–21.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, N = 9) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FEADFD22B9122591" authority="Haddad & Martins 1994" authorityName="Haddad & Martins" authorityYear="1994" box="[333,801,654,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braccata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FEADFD22BBE82591" box="[333,475,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">A. braccata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C60FFF2FE0BFD23B92B2591" author="Haddad" box="[491,792,654,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" refString="Haddad, C. F. B. & Martins, M. (1994) Four species of Brazilian poison frogs related to Epipedobates pictus (Dendrobatidae): taxonomy and natural history observations. Herpetologica, 50, 282 - 295." type="journal article" year="1994">Haddad & Martins 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Also, in living
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FC04FD22BE4A2591" box="[996,1145,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FC04FD22BE472591" box="[996,1140,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braccata">A. braccata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
lines and spots/dots are golden, yellow or white, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FDD5FD18B88C25F7" box="[565,703,693,718]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FDD5FD18B88C25F7" box="[565,703,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">A. boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are always bright yellow. Furthermore, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FAE6FD18BFA725F7" box="[1286,1428,693,718]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braccata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FAE6FD18BFA725F7" box="[1286,1428,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">A. braccata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, limbs are brown with black markings, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FD06FD71B94125CC" box="[742,882,732,757]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FD06FD71B94125CC" box="[742,882,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">A. boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are black with bright yellow markings. Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FEF8FCAFBB922422" box="[280,417,770,795]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braccata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FEF8FCAFBB922422" box="[280,417,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">A. braccata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occasionally has brownish dorsal marbling which is always absent in the new species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FF77FC84BBBF247B" box="[151,396,809,834]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FF77FC84BBBF247B" box="[151,396,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">Ameerega flavopicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FDC3FC84B89B247B" box="[547,680,809,834]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FDC3FC84B89B247B" box="[547,680,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">A. boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
characters 1–9 and in part character 10; some individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FA63FC84BAC92450" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FA63FC84BAC92450" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">A. boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have brown limbs with black markings (unlike in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FCAEFCFDB9D72450" box="[846,996,848,873]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FCAEFCFDB9D72450" box="[846,996,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">A. flavopicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) but limbs in this species can also be black with bright yellow markings (like in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FD7FFCDAB90A24A9" box="[671,825,887,912]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FD7FFCDAB90A24A9" box="[671,825,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">A. flavopicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The two can be best differentiated by life colour pattern of the ventral surfaces: light grey to light brown with black marbling in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FBA9FC30BEFD248F" box="[1097,1230,925,950]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FBA9FC30BEFD248F" box="[1097,1230,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">A. boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
versus yellowish white with occasional black marbling in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FD90FC69B93524E4" box="[624,774,964,989]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FD90FC69B93524E4" box="[624,774,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">A. flavopicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340D3B44C60FFF2FCF4FC69B90624E7" box="[788,821,964,990]" name="American Samoa" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
indicated below, the three species additionally differ in their sequences of a 564 bp (including gaps) fragment of the 16S mitochondrial rRNA gene.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FAC4FC47BBA22313" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FAC4FC47BACE2313" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">Ameerega boehmei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FEE9FBBCBBA22313" box="[265,401,1041,1066]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braccata">A. braccata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FE2AFBBCB8532313" box="[458,608,1041,1066]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FE2AFBBCB8532313" box="[458,608,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">A. flavopicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can also be distinguished in advertisement call characteristics.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34DC0AF4C60FFF2FF25FB95BB4C2259" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C60FFF2FF25FB95BBFB23D4" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FF25FB95B864236B" ID-CoL="CQ78" authority="Tschudi, 1838" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[197,599,1080,1106]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="picta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FF25FB95BBBB2368" box="[197,392,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">Ameerega picta</emphasis>
|
||
(Tschudi, 1838)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A210F24D4C60FFF2FDBFFB95B8CF236B" box="[607,764,1080,1106]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(including its junior synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FB62FB95BBB12341" ID-CoL="6CJSW" authority="Steindachner, 1864" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1864" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Dendrobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eucnemis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FB62FB95BFAF2368" box="[1154,1436,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">Dendrobates eucnemis</emphasis>
|
||
Steindachner, 1864
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340D3B44C60FFF2FE36FBF3B8002341" box="[470,563,1118,1144]" name="Bolivia" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340D3B44C60FFF2FDA0FBF3B84B2341" box="[576,632,1118,1144]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340D3B44C60FFF2FD55FBF3B8CC2341" box="[693,767,1118,1144]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and a Guianan form of unclear taxonomic status (here provisionally treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FE51FB28BE1223A6" ID-CoL="6FVNP" authority="Heatwole, Solano & Heatwole, 1965" authorityName="Heatwole, Solano & Heatwole" authorityYear="1965" box="[433,1057,1157,1183]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guayanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FE51FB28B85023A7" box="[433,611,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">A. guayanensis</emphasis>
|
||
Heatwole, Solano & Heatwole, 1965
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), are morphologically similar to
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FF77FB01BB1023FC" box="[151,291,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FF77FB01BB2C23FC" ID-CoL="CQ6L" box="[151,287,1196,1221]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">A. boehmei</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
However, they both never develop bright mid-dorsal spots and/or dots (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C60FFF2FB93FB01BFA423FF" author="Haddad" box="[1139,1431,1196,1222]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" refString="Haddad, C. F. B. & Martins, M. (1994) Four species of Brazilian poison frogs related to Epipedobates pictus (Dendrobatidae): taxonomy and natural history observations. Herpetologica, 50, 282 - 295." type="journal article" year="1994">Haddad & Martins 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C60FFF2FF77FB7EBB4323D4" author="Lotters" box="[151,368,1235,1261]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" refString="Lotters S., A. Schmitz & Reichle, S. (2005) A new cryptic species of poison frog from the Bolivian Yungas. Herpetozoa, 18, 115 - 124." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Lötters
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FF11FB7EBB1F23D5" box="[241,300,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C60FFF2FE9CFB7EBB8F23D4" author="Lotters" box="[380,444,1235,1261]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" refString="Lotters, S., K. - H. Jungfer, H. - W. Henkel & Schmitz, W. (2007) Poison Frogs. Biology, Species & Captive Husbandry. Chimaira, Frankfurt / Main, 668 pp." type="book" year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C60FFF2FF25FB54BB4C2259" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">
|
||
The Amazon basin
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FE49FB54B915222A" ID-CoL="CQ7J" authority="Spix, 1824" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1824" box="[425,806,1273,1299]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trivittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FE49FB54B8BF222B" box="[425,652,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">Ameerega trivittata</emphasis>
|
||
(Spix, 1824)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can have irregularly arranged bright dorsal markings. This species is larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C60FFF2FE3AFA8DB8522200" ID-CoL="CQ6L" box="[474,609,1312,1337]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FE3AFA8DB8522200" box="[474,609,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">A. boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(adult male size>
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF3EC14C60FFF2FCAAFA8DB9922203" box="[842,929,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and lacks flash marks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C60FFF2FB27FA8DBFA42203" author="Silverstone" box="[1223,1431,1312,1338]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" refString="Silverstone, P. A. (1976) A revision of the poison-arrow frogs of the genus Phyllobates Bibron in Sagra (family Dendrobatidae). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Scientific Bulletin, 21, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1976">Silverstone 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C60FFF2FF77FAEBBB402259" author="Lotters" box="[151,371,1350,1376]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" refString="Lotters, S., K. - H. Jungfer, H. - W. Henkel & Schmitz, W. (2007) Poison Frogs. Biology, Species & Captive Husbandry. Chimaira, Frankfurt / Main, 668 pp." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Lötters
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FF11FAEABB1F2259" box="[241,300,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34DC0AF4C60FFF6FF26FAC0BAC027E1" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C60FFF2FF26FAC0B9132033" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C60FFF2FF26FAC0B82022BE" bold="true" box="[198,531,1389,1415]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC2D864C60FFF2FE65FAC0BB8822BE" box="[389,443,1389,1415]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body slender, head narrower than body; snout in dorsal and lateral views rounded. Maxillary teeth present, vomerine teeth absent; choanae rounded; tongue more than three times as long as wide, free for about half its length. Nares not visible from dorsal view; canthus rostralis convex from tip of snout to nostril, straight from nostril to eye; loreal region vertical; horizontal eye diameter larger than distance from nostril to anterior corner of eye; tympanum visible, less than half eye size. Skin of dorsal surfaces slightly granular, ventral surfaces almost smooth. Toe webbing absent; relative length of toes: I <II <V <III <IV; metatarsal tubercles well developed, outer rounded, somewhat smaller than ovoid inner; rest of sole smooth; well developed subarticular tubercles at joints of all phalanges of foot. Finger webbing absent; relative length of fingers: IV = II <I <III, Finger I> Finger II when adpressed; metacarpal tubercles well developed, outer rounded, outer about three times the size of ovoid inner; rest of palm smooth; well developed subarticular tubercles at joints of all phalanges of hand.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C60FFF2FF25F8BBBE6B2047" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">
|
||
For measurements and proportions of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC2D864C60FFF2FD60F8BBB8D52009" box="[640,742,1814,1840]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC2D864C60FFF2FCFEF8BBB9BD2009" box="[798,910,1814,1840]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
at NMK and ZFMK see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D5A69F4C60FFF2FB51F8BBBF3A2009" box="[1201,1289,1814,1840]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,240,575,599]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1068]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (mm) and proportions of Ameerega boehmei based on NKA and ZFMK type specimens. The mean is followed by the standard deviation and the range in parentheses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF28C3AC4C66FFF4FF77FD92B9AD2540" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" tableUuid="DF28C3AC4C66FFF4FF77FD92B9AD2540">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. In the field, females and males could not be distinguished by size;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5158AD4C60FFF2FCD6F890B995206E" box="[822,934,1853,1879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" type="adult">46 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
measured had mean size
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF3EC14C60FFF2FB02F890BF6D206E" box="[1250,1374,1853,1879]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.757" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="27.57">27.57 mm</quantity>
|
||
2.56 (
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF3EC14C60FFF2FF7FF8C9BB102047" box="[159,291,1892,1918]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="27.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="19.0">19–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
), with the largest specimen identified as an apparent female, however.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C60FFF5FF25F827B8D627C6" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2034]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,152,255]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">
|
||
In preservative, the entire
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC2D864C60FFF2FE19F827B81F209D" box="[505,556,1930,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series can be described as follows: dorsum black with greyish dorsolateral lines from snout to groin, commonly with mid-dorsal spots and/or dots arranged regularly (i.e. in two parallel lines) or irregularly; labial line continuous up to upper arm; small, pinkish spots above axillae, large, pinkish spots above thigh (extending onto femur) and small, pinkish calf flash marks; limbs greyish tan with black or black with greyish markings; ventral surfaces light grey to light brown with black marbling. For individual colour pattern details of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC2D864C67FFF5FE00FF48B87527C6" box="[480,582,229,255]" pageId="4" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
see
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C8FA14C67FFF5FD9BFF48B8EC27C6" box="[635,735,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,2006,2030]" captionTargetBox="[297,1282,1462,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[217,1369,1416,2034]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ventral and dorsal views of preserved holotype (NKA 8469) of Ameerega boehmei (photos by S. Reichle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186231/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="24">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF28C3AC4C67FFF5FF77FB73BACB22B9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186230/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[164,1427,299,1235]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C67FFF5FF77FB73BACB22B9" blockId="4.[151,1437,1246,1408]" pageId="4" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C67FFF5FF77FB73BB1323CF" bold="true" box="[151,288,1246,1270]" pageId="4" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
From upper left to lower right:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C67FFF5FD70FB72B95E23CF" box="[656,877,1247,1270]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braccata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C67FFF5FD70FB72B95E23CF" box="[656,877,1247,1270]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="24">Ameerega braccata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Mato Grosso, Brazil (photo courtesy of M. Martins);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C67FFF5FEE1FAAFBBB92220" box="[257,394,1282,1305]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C67FFF5FEE1FAAFBBB92220" box="[257,394,1282,1305]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="24">A. flavopicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Minas Gerais, Brazil (photo courtesy of M. Martins);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C67FFF5FBECFAAFBE452220" box="[1036,1142,1282,1305]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C67FFF5FBECFAAFBE452220" box="[1036,1142,1282,1305]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="24">flavopicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C67FFF5FB9EFAAFBEEE2220" box="[1150,1245,1282,1305]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braccata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C67FFF5FB9EFAAFBEEE2220" box="[1150,1245,1282,1305]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="24">braccata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C67FFF5FF77FA89BB262202" box="[151,277,1316,1339]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C67FFF5FF77FA89BB262202" box="[151,277,1316,1339]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="24">A. boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, topotypic specimen not collected (photo by S. Reichle); aspect of landscape which is inhabited by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C67FFF5FA64FA89BAC22267" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C67FFF5FA64FA89BAC22267" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="24">A. boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; specimens mostly occur near sandstone which are often situated near running water (foreground) (photo by S. Reichle).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF28C3AC4C67FFF5FF77F87BBFA320D7" box="[151,1424,2006,2030]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186231/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[297,1282,1462,1952]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C67FFF5FF77F87BBFA320D7" blockId="4.[151,1424,2006,2030]" box="[151,1424,2006,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C67FFF5FF77F87BBB2A20D7" bold="true" box="[151,281,2006,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral and dorsal views of preserved holotype (NKA 8469) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C67FFF5FC27F87ABEA020D7" box="[967,1171,2007,2030]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C67FFF5FC27F87ABEA020D7" box="[967,1171,2007,2030]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="24">Ameerega boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(photos by S. Reichle).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C66FFF4FF25FF35BEBE26A3" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,526]" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">
|
||
In life,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C66FFF4FEFAFF35BBAD2788" box="[282,414,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C66FFF4FEFAFF35BBAD2788" box="[282,414,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">A. boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC2D864C66FFF4FE45FF35BBE4278B" box="[421,471,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens at NMK and ZFMK had bright yellow dorsolateral and labial lines and mid-dorsal spots and/or dots; flash marks were bright orange-red; limbs were brown with black or black with bright yellow markings; ventral surfaces were light grey to light brown with black marbling; there was a bronze ring around the pupil. The
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5158AD4C66FFF4FDCEFEA1B8AA261F" box="[558,665,268,294]" pageId="5" pageNumber="25" type="adult">46 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
and six juveniles not collected coincided with life colour pattern descriptions given above. The number of dorsal spots and/or dots varied between 6 and 27, with juveniles apparently exhibiting less mid-dorsal spots and/or dots. Life colour pattern description given here coincides with that of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C66FFF4FEC5FE2DBB8926A3" author="Gans" box="[293,442,384,410]" pageId="5" pageNumber="29" refString="Gans, C. (1960) Notes on a herpetological collecting trip through the southeastern lowlands of Bolivia. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 35, 283 - 314." type="journal article" year="1960">Gans (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C8FA14C66FFF4FE25FE2DB81B26A3" box="[453,552,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,259,1246,1270]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,299,1235]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[164,1429,299,1235]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. From upper left to lower right: Ameerega braccata from Mato Grosso, Brazil (photo courtesy of M. Martins); A. flavopicta from Minas Gerais, Brazil (photo courtesy of M. Martins); flavopicta / braccata - like new species, A. boehmei, topotypic specimen not collected (photo by S. Reichle); aspect of landscape which is inhabited by A. boehmei; specimens mostly occur near sandstone which are often situated near running water (foreground) (photo by S. Reichle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186230/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
shows a typical specimen of the new species in life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C66FFF4FF26FE0BBF222537" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,526]" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C66FFF4FF26FE0BBB8826F9" bold="true" box="[198,443,422,448]" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Advertisement call.</emphasis>
|
||
Recordings of three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C66FFF4FD59FE0AB9AF26F9" box="[697,924,423,448]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C66FFF4FD59FE0AB9AF26F9" box="[697,924,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Ameerega boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males were taken in the field (Serranía de Santiago). The advertisement can be characterized as a series of indistinctly pulsed, upward modulated notes as illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C8FA14C66FFF4FEB1FE59BB862537" box="[337,437,500,526]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[241,1347,494,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[232,1355,480,1937]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oscillogram and audiospectrogram of advertisement call of (A) Ameerega boehmei from the type locality (temperature during recording 23.5 ° C) and (B) A. flavopicta from Alto Paraíso, Goiás state, Brazil (temperature during recording 29 ° C)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186232/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A. For measurable call parameters and intraspecific variation see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D5A69F4C66FFF4FB53FE59BF3E2537" box="[1203,1293,500,526]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,238,422,446]" captionText="TABLE 2. Characteristics of advertisement calls of three Ameerega boehmei from the type locality, A. braccata from the type-locality (see text) and A. flavopicta from three localities in Minas Gerais and Goiás states, Brazil (see text). Where possible the mean is given, followed by the Standard deviation, followed by the range." pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF28C3AC4C66FFF4FF77FD92B9AD2540" ID-Table-UUID="DF28C3AC4C66FFF4FF77FD92B9AD2540" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF28C3AC4C66FFF4FF77FD92B9AD2540" pageId="5" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[151,1436,661,1068]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C66FFF4FF77FD92B9AD2540" blockId="5.[151,1436,575,633]" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C66FFF4FF77FD92BB39256E" bold="true" box="[151,266,575,599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (mm) and proportions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C66FFF4FD25FDEDB9A0256E" box="[709,915,576,599]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C66FFF4FD25FDEDB9A0256E" box="[709,915,576,599]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Ameerega boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on NKA and ZFMK type specimens. The mean is followed by the standard deviation and the range in parentheses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C66FFF4FC48FD38BF492315" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<table id="F95761844C66000EFF77FD38BFAF2315" box="[151,1436,661,1068]" gridcols="3" gridrows="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<tr id="356791664C66000EFF77FD38BFAF2595" box="[151,1436,661,684]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C66000EFC48FD38BE382595" box="[936,1035,661,684]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Holotype</th>
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C66000EFB75FD38BFAF2595" box="[1173,1436,661,684]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Males (N = 7)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356791664C66000EFF77FD6DBFAF2438" box="[151,1436,704,769]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C66000EFF77FD6DB8B82438" box="[151,651,704,769]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Size (snout-vent length) Head length from tip of snout to angle of jaws</th>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C66000EFC48FD6DBE382438" box="[936,1035,704,769]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">25.5 7.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C66000EFB75FD6DBFAF2438" box="[1173,1436,704,769]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">25.5 2.53 (22.4–28.5) 7.8 0.46 (7.1–8.3)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356791664C66000EFF77FCB8BFAF2415" box="[151,1436,789,812]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C66000EFF77FCB8B8B82415" box="[151,651,789,812]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Head width at angles of jaws</th>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C66000EFC48FCB8BE382415" box="[936,1035,789,812]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">8.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C66000EFB75FCB8BFAF2415" box="[1173,1436,789,812]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">7.7 0.41 (6.9–8.0)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356791664C66000EFF77FCEDBFAF24B8" box="[151,1436,832,897]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C66000EFF77FCEDB8B824B8" box="[151,651,832,897]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Interorbital distance Distance between nares</th>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C66000EFC48FCEDBE3824B8" box="[936,1035,832,897]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">2.7 1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C66000EFB75FCEDBFAF24B8" box="[1173,1436,832,897]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">2.7 0.35 (2.1–3.1) 1.8 0.18 (1.6–2.0)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356791664C66000EFF77FC38BFAF2495" box="[151,1436,917,940]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C66000EFF77FC38B8B82495" box="[151,651,917,940]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Distance from nostril to anterior corner of eye</th>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C66000EFC48FC38BE382495" box="[936,1035,917,940]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C66000EFB75FC38BFAF2495" box="[1173,1436,917,940]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">2.3 0.26 (1.9–2.6)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356791664C66000EFF77FC6DBFAF2338" box="[151,1436,960,1025]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C66000EFF77FC6DB8B82338" box="[151,651,960,1025]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Horizontal eye diameter Horizontal tympanum diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C66000EFC48FC6DBE382338" box="[936,1035,960,1025]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">3.5 1.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C66000EFB75FC6DBFAF2338" box="[1173,1436,960,1025]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">3.5 0.50 (2.8–4.2) 1.5 0.20 (1.2–1.7)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356791664C66000EFF77FBB8BFAF2315" box="[151,1436,1045,1068]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C66000EFF77FBB8B8B82315" box="[151,651,1045,1068]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Tibia length</th>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C66000EFC48FBB8BE382315" box="[936,1035,1045,1068]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">12.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C66000EFB75FBB8BFAF2315" box="[1173,1436,1045,1068]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">12.5 1.30 (11.0–14.6)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C66FFF4FF7FFBEDBAC6239D" blockId="5.[159,1390,1088,1188]" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Foot length from tip of longest toe to proximal outer metatarsal tubercle 11.2 11.4 1.30 (9.9–13.8) Hand length from tip of longest finger to proximal outer metacarpal 6.4 6.6 0.93 (5.4–8.4) tubercle</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C66FFF4FF7FFB15BF532240" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<table id="F95761844C66000EFF77FB15BFAF2240" box="[151,1436,1208,1401]" gridcols="3" gridrows="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<tr id="356791664C66000EFF77FB15BFAF23C0" box="[151,1436,1208,1273]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C66000EFF77FB15B86B23C0" box="[151,600,1208,1273]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Head length/size Head width/size</th>
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C66000EFC48FB15B9E423C0" box="[936,983,1208,1273]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">0.30 0.31</th>
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C66000EFB75FB15BFAF23C0" box="[1173,1436,1208,1273]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">0.31 0.01 (0.28–0.33) 0.30 0.02 (0.28–0.33)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356791664C66000EFF77FAA0BFAF221D" box="[151,1436,1293,1316]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C66000EFF77FAA0B86B221D" box="[151,600,1293,1316]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Tibia length/size</th>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C66000EFC48FAA0B9E4221D" box="[936,983,1293,1316]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">0.47</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C66000EFB75FAA0BFAF221D" box="[1173,1436,1293,1316]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">0.49 0.03 (0.43–0.53)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356791664C66000EFF77FA95BFAF2240" box="[151,1436,1336,1401]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C66000EFF77FA95B86B2240" box="[151,600,1336,1401]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Tympanum diameter/eye diameter Distance from nostril to eye/eye diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C66000EFC48FA95B9E42240" box="[936,983,1336,1401]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">0.47 0.73</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C66000EFB75FA95BFAF2240" box="[1173,1436,1336,1401]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">0.37 0.17 (0.4–0.5) 0.65 0.08 (0.5–0.8)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C66FFF4FF26FA69BB3B216B" blockId="5.[151,1437,1476,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">
|
||
The advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C66FFF4FDF2FA69B89322E4" box="[530,672,1476,1501]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braccata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C66FFF4FDF2FA69B89322E4" box="[530,672,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">A. braccata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(recorded at its type-locality, Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340D3B44C66FFF4FF19FA47BB70213D" box="[249,323,1514,1540]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, L. Forti pers. comm.) differs from the new species in shorter mean note duration, higher note repetition rate, lower number of pulses per call and a higher maximum energy of the dominant frequency (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D5A69F4C66FFF4FF7EF995BAC9216B" box="[158,250,1592,1618]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,238,422,446]" captionText="TABLE 2. Characteristics of advertisement calls of three Ameerega boehmei from the type locality, A. braccata from the type-locality (see text) and A. flavopicta from three localities in Minas Gerais and Goiás states, Brazil (see text). Where possible the mean is given, followed by the Standard deviation, followed by the range." pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C66FFF7FF25F9F3BF4827E1" blockId="5.[151,1437,1476,2004]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,152,371]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">
|
||
The advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C66FFF4FE1CF9F2B8A72141" box="[508,660,1631,1656]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C66FFF4FE1CF9F2B8A72141" box="[508,660,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">A. flavopicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C66FFF4FC91F9F3BE952141" author="Haddad" box="[881,1190,1630,1656]" pageId="5" pageNumber="29" refString="Haddad, C. F. B. & Martins, M. (1994) Four species of Brazilian poison frogs related to Epipedobates pictus (Dendrobatidae): taxonomy and natural history observations. Herpetologica, 50, 282 - 295." type="journal article" year="1994">Haddad & Martins (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on recordings from Minas Gerais state,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340D3B44C66FFF4FE5FF928B83A21A6" box="[447,521,1669,1695]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C66FFF4FD8BF928B97721A6" box="[619,836,1669,1695]" pageId="5" pageNumber="29" refString="Costa, R. C., K. G. Facure & Giaretta, A. A. (2006) Courtship, vocalization, and tadpole description of Epipedobates flavopictus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) southern Goias, Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 6, BN 0050612006." type="journal volume">
|
||
Costa
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C66FFF4FD55F928B8DC21A7" box="[693,751,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who recorded this species in Goiás state,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340D3B44C66FFF4FACDF928BF4B21A6" box="[1325,1400,1669,1695]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In addition, original recordings from Goiás state are available on a commercial compact disc (Toledo, L.F., J.G.R. Giovanelli, L.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340D3B44C66FFF4FE6BF97FBB9021D5" box="[395,419,1746,1772]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
.M. Giasson, C.P.A. Prado, L.D. Guimaraes, R.P. Bastos & C.F.B.Haddad. 2007. Guia interativo dos anfíbios anuros do cerrado, campo rupestre & pantanal. Editoria neotrópica LTDA, Pinheiros, São Paulo).
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C8FA14C66FFF4FEC5F88DBBBB2003" box="[293,392,1824,1850]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[241,1347,494,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[232,1355,480,1937]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oscillogram and audiospectrogram of advertisement call of (A) Ameerega boehmei from the type locality (temperature during recording 23.5 ° C) and (B) A. flavopicta from Alto Paraíso, Goiás state, Brazil (temperature during recording 29 ° C)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186232/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B illustrates each an oscillogram and an audiospectrogram of the last mentioned analysed by ourselves. The advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C66FFF4FD8BF8EAB8DC2059" box="[619,751,1863,1888]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C66FFF4FD8BF8EAB8DC2059" box="[619,751,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">A. boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from all three available
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C66FFF4FAE6F8EABFAF2059" box="[1286,1436,1863,1888]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C66FFF4FAE6F8EABFAF2059" box="[1286,1436,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">A. flavopicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vocalizations (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D5A69F4C66FFF4FEA2F8C0BBAC20BE" box="[322,415,1901,1927]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,238,422,446]" captionText="TABLE 2. Characteristics of advertisement calls of three Ameerega boehmei from the type locality, A. braccata from the type-locality (see text) and A. flavopicta from three localities in Minas Gerais and Goiás states, Brazil (see text). Where possible the mean is given, followed by the Standard deviation, followed by the range." pageId="5" pageNumber="25">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C66FFF4FE35F8C0B84720BF" box="[469,628,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C66FFF4FE35F8C0B84320BF" box="[469,624,1901,1926]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopicta">A. flavopicta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
mean note duration is shorter (except for the Goiás state population studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C66FFF4FEFCF839BBDD2097" author="Costa" box="[284,494,1940,1966]" pageId="5" pageNumber="29" refString="Costa, R. C., K. G. Facure & Giaretta, A. A. (2006) Courtship, vocalization, and tadpole description of Epipedobates flavopictus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) southern Goias, Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 6, BN 0050612006." type="journal volume" year="2006">
|
||
Costa
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C66FFF4FE89F839BB952094" box="[361,422,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the mean number of notes per second is higher (except for the Minas Gerais state specimens studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C66FFF4FE3EF817B93520ED" author="Haddad" box="[478,774,1978,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="29" refString="Haddad, C. F. B. & Martins, M. (1994) Four species of Brazilian poison frogs related to Epipedobates pictus (Dendrobatidae): taxonomy and natural history observations. Herpetologica, 50, 282 - 295." type="journal article" year="1994">Haddad & Martins 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the number of pulses per note is distinctly higher, the fundamental frequency range and its maximal call energy is remarkably higher (data available for the Goiás state population only;
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C8FA14C65FFF7FE7CFF13BBD127E1" box="[412,482,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[241,1347,494,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[232,1355,480,1937]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oscillogram and audiospectrogram of advertisement call of (A) Ameerega boehmei from the type locality (temperature during recording 23.5 ° C) and (B) A. flavopicta from Alto Paraíso, Goiás state, Brazil (temperature during recording 29 ° C)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186232/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B) and the dominant frequency range is higher (even at the same temperature).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C65FFF7FF25FF48BFBB264A" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Several of the differences, such as note repetition rate, note duration, inter-note interval and dominant frequency range may be influenced by temperature and motivation of individuals, while the number of pulses per note is less dependent on such factors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C65FFF7FD55FE9FB9932675" author="Narins" box="[693,928,306,332]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" refString="Narins, P. M., A. S. Feng, R. R. Fay & Popper, A. N. (2007) Hearing and Sound Communication in Amphibians. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research. Springer, New York, 362 pp." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Narins
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FCF3FE9FB9602672" box="[787,851,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We therefore conclude that differences observed between
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FE91FEF4B8BF264B" box="[369,652,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C65FFF7FE91FEF4BBC4264B" box="[369,503,345,370]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">A. boehmei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C65FFF7FDE3FEF4B8BF264B" box="[515,652,345,370]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braccata">A. braccata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C65FFF7FD25FEF4B968264B" box="[709,859,345,370]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FD25FEF4B968264B" box="[709,859,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">A. flavopicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reflect rather inter- than intraspecific variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF28C3AC4C65FFF7FF77FE0BBE02253A" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C65FFF7FF77FE0BBE02253A" blockId="6.[151,1436,422,563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FF77FE0BBB3A2687" bold="true" box="[151,265,422,446]" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Characteristics of advertisement calls of three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C65FFF7FD1CFE0BB9FB2684" box="[764,968,422,445]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FD1CFE0BB9FB2684" box="[764,968,422,445]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">Ameerega boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the type locality,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C65FFF7FB5FFE0BBF092684" box="[1215,1338,422,445]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braccata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FB5FFE0BBF092684" box="[1215,1338,422,445]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">A. braccata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the type-locality (see text) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C65FFF7FE5DFE64B87526D9" box="[445,582,457,480]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FE5DFE64B87526D9" box="[445,582,457,480]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">A. flavopicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from three localities in Minas Gerais and Goiás states, Brazil (see text). Where possible the mean is given, followed by the Standard deviation, followed by the range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C65FFF7FDCCFDB3BED4250A" blockId="6.[151,1436,422,563]" box="[556,1255,542,563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FDCCFDB3BED4250A" box="[556,1255,542,563]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C65FFF7FDCCFDB3B8A4250A" box="[556,663,542,563]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">A. boehmei</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C65FFF7FCA9FDB3B98B250A" box="[841,952,542,563]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braccata">A. braccata</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C65FFF7FB8DFDB3BED4250A" box="[1133,1255,542,563]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopicta">A. flavopicta</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C65FFF7FE79FDF9BE19259D" blockId="6.[409,1424,596,676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
I II III L. Forti (pers. Haddad & Costa
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FB49FDF9BEE92550" box="[1193,1242,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
Alto Paraíso, comm.) Martins (2006) Goiás state (1994)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C65FFF7FF7FFD77BF652463" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<table id="F95761844C65000EFF7FFD77BF652463" box="[159,1366,730,858]" gridcols="7" gridrows="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<tr id="356791664C65000EFF7FFD77BF6525D6" box="[159,1366,730,751]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFF7FFD77BBD125D6" box="[159,482,730,751]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">Air temperature (°C) 23.5</th>
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFDCCFD77B85A25D6" box="[556,617,730,751]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">16.2</th>
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFD52FD77B8DD25D6" box="[690,750,730,751]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">25.1</th>
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFCA9FD77B99B25D6" box="[841,936,730,751]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">24.5</th>
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFC0AFD77BE3F25D6" box="[1002,1036,730,751]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">24</th>
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFB8DFD77BE8F25D6" box="[1133,1212,730,751]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">23.5</th>
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFAF3FD77BF6525D6" box="[1299,1366,730,751]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">29</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356791664C65000EFF7FFCA2BF65241D" box="[159,1366,783,804]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFF7FFCA2BBD1241D" box="[159,482,783,804]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">Number of calls studied 31</th>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFDCCFCA2B85A241D" box="[556,617,783,804]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">10</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFD52FCA2B8DD241D" box="[690,750,783,804]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">4</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFCA9FCA2B99B241D" box="[841,936,783,804]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">110</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFC0AFCA2BE3F241D" box="[1002,1036,783,804]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFB8DFCA2BE8F241D" box="[1133,1212,783,804]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFAF3FCA2BF65241D" box="[1299,1366,783,804]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356791664C65000EFF7FFCE8BF652463" box="[159,1366,837,858]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFF7FFCE8BBD12463" box="[159,482,837,858]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">Note duration (ms) 136±28</th>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFDCCFCE8B85A2463" box="[556,617,837,858]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">183±7</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFD52FCE8B8DD2463" box="[690,750,837,858]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">116±6</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFCA9FCE8B99B2463" box="[841,936,837,858]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">65.8±11.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFC0AFCE8BE3F2463" box="[1002,1036,837,858]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">110</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFB8DFCE8BE8F2463" box="[1133,1212,837,858]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">144±2.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFAF3FCE8BF652463" box="[1299,1366,837,858]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">105± 5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C65FFF7FE79FCD6BF4121F7" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<table id="F95761844C65000EFF7FFCD6BF4921F7" box="[159,1402,891,1742]" gridcols="6" gridrows="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<tr id="356791664C65000EFF7FFCD6BF4924A9" box="[159,1402,891,912]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFF7FFCD6B83524A9" box="[159,518,891,912]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">123–151</th>
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFDCCFCD6B92D24A9" box="[556,798,891,912]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">175–195 108–123</th>
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFCA9FCD6B98624A9" box="[841,949,891,912]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">46.0–81.3</th>
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFC0AFCD6BE0D24A9" box="[1002,1086,891,912]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">—</th>
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFB8DFCD6BEFE24A9" box="[1133,1229,891,912]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">—</th>
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFAF3FCD6BF4924A9" box="[1299,1402,891,912]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">96–115</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356791664C65000EFF7FFC1DBF4924DA" box="[159,1402,944,995]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFF7FFC1DB83524DA" box="[159,518,944,995]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">Number of notes per 1.97 second</th>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFDCCFC1DB92D24DA" box="[556,798,944,995]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">1.28 1.52</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFCA9FC1DB98624DA" box="[841,949,944,995]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">5.15</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFC0AFC1DBE0D24DA" box="[1002,1086,944,995]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">ca. 1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFB8DFC1DBEFE24DA" box="[1133,1229,944,995]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFAF3FC1DBF4924DA" box="[1299,1402,944,995]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">2.93</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356791664C65000EFF7FFC5BBF492379" box="[159,1402,1014,1088]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFF7FFC5BB8352379" box="[159,518,1014,1088]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">Number of pulses per 2.73 note 2–3</th>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFDCCFC5BB92D2379" box="[556,798,1014,1088]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">2.2 — 2–3 2</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFCA9FC5BB9862379" box="[841,949,1014,1088]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">— 1–2</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFC0AFC5BBE0D2379" box="[1002,1086,1014,1088]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">6 —</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFB8DFC5BBEFE2379" box="[1133,1229,1014,1088]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">— 7–8</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFAF3FC5BBF492379" box="[1299,1402,1014,1088]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">4.25 3–5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356791664C65000EFF7FFBCCBF4923AA" box="[159,1402,1121,1171]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFF7FFBCCB83523AA" box="[159,518,1121,1171]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">Call pulsed or unpulsed Indistinctly pulsed</th>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFDCCFBCCB92D23AA" box="[556,798,1121,1171]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">indistinctly indistinctly pulsed pulsed</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFCA9FBCCB98623AA" box="[841,949,1121,1171]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">indistinctly pulsed</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFC0AFBCCBE0D23AA" box="[1002,1086,1121,1171]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">pulsed</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFB8DFBCCBEFE23AA" box="[1133,1229,1121,1171]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">pulsed</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFAF3FBCCBF4923AA" box="[1299,1402,1121,1171]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">pulsed</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356791664C65000EFF7FFB0BBF4923C8" box="[159,1402,1190,1265]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFF7FFB0BB83523C8" box="[159,518,1190,1265]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">Breaks between calls in 380±28 series (ms) 330–470</th>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFDCCFB0BB92D23C8" box="[556,798,1190,1265]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">660±38 510±103 620–730 440–660</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFCA9FB0BB98623C8" box="[841,949,1190,1265]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">— —</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFC0AFB0BBE0D23C8" box="[1002,1086,1190,1265]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">— 480–630</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFB8DFB0BBEFE23C8" box="[1133,1229,1190,1265]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">292±5.61 —</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFAF3FB0BBF4923C8" box="[1299,1402,1190,1265]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">266±23 225–325</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356791664C65000EFF7FFABCBF49227D" box="[159,1402,1297,1348]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFF7FFABCB835227D" box="[159,518,1297,1348]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">Fundamental frequency 1.45–1.63 (kHz)</th>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFDCCFABCB92D227D" box="[556,798,1297,1348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">1.16–1.63 1.35–1.55</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFCA9FABCB986227D" box="[841,949,1297,1348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFC0AFABCBE0D227D" box="[1002,1086,1297,1348]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFB8DFABCBEFE227D" box="[1133,1229,1297,1348]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFAF3FABCBF49227D" box="[1299,1402,1297,1348]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">1.77–2.01</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356791664C65000EFF7FFAFABF49229F" box="[159,1402,1367,1446]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFF7FFAFAB835229F" box="[159,518,1367,1446]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">Maximum call energy 1.55±0.02 of fundamental frequency (kHz)</th>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFDCCFAFAB92D229F" box="[556,798,1367,1446]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">1.42±0.01 1.46±0.02</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFCA9FAFAB986229F" box="[841,949,1367,1446]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFC0AFAFABE0D229F" box="[1002,1086,1367,1446]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFB8DFAFABEFE229F" box="[1133,1229,1367,1446]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFAF3FAFABF49229F" box="[1299,1402,1367,1446]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">1.94±0.02</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356791664C65000EFF7FFA14BF4922D5" box="[159,1402,1465,1516]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFF7FFA14B83522D5" box="[159,518,1465,1516]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">Dominant frequency 2.77–3.22 (kHz)</th>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFDCCFA14B92D22D5" box="[556,798,1465,1516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">2.74–3.07 2.65–2.99</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFCA9FA14B98622D5" box="[841,949,1465,1516]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">3.74–4.21</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFC0AFA14BE0D22D5" box="[1002,1086,1465,1516]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">3.2–4.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFB8DFA14BEFE22D5" box="[1133,1229,1465,1516]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">3.20–4.05</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFAF3FA14BF4922D5" box="[1299,1402,1465,1516]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">3.43–4.01</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356791664C65000EFF7FFA52BF492177" box="[159,1402,1535,1614]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFF7FFA52B8352177" box="[159,518,1535,1614]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">Maximum call energy 3.05± 0.03 of dominant frequency (kHz)</th>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFDCCFA52B92D2177" box="[556,798,1535,1614]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">2.85± 0.02 2.84±0.02</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFCA9FA52B9862177" box="[841,949,1535,1614]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">3.99± 0.51</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFC0AFA52BE0D2177" box="[1002,1086,1535,1614]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFB8DFA52BEFE2177" box="[1133,1229,1535,1614]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFAF3FA52BF492177" box="[1299,1402,1535,1614]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">3.83± 0.02</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356791664C65000EFF7FF9CCBF4921F7" box="[159,1402,1633,1742]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<th id="76B6F81A4C65000EFF7FF9CCB83521F7" box="[159,518,1633,1742]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">Harmonics (kHz) 4.30–4.77 and 5.41–6.45</th>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFDCCF9CCB92D21F7" box="[556,798,1633,1742]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">5.29–6.24 5.25–5.93</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFCA9F9CCB98621F7" box="[841,949,1633,1742]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFC0AF9CCBE0D21F7" box="[1002,1086,1633,1742]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFB8DF9CCBEFE21F7" box="[1133,1229,1633,1742]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">—</td>
|
||
<td id="76B6F81A4C65000EFAF3F9CCBF4921F7" box="[1299,1402,1633,1742]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">5.33–5.99, 7.14–7.98 and 8.88–9.94</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C65FFF7FF26F8B5BFAF20CD" blockId="6.[151,1437,1816,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FF26F8B5BBBF200B" bold="true" box="[198,396,1816,1842]" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">DNA barcoding</emphasis>
|
||
. Table 3 compares uncorrected p-distances of a 564 bp (including gaps) fragment of the 16S mitochondrial rRNA gene of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C65FFF7FDCCF892B93C2061" box="[556,783,1855,1880]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FDCCF892B93C2061" box="[556,783,1855,1880]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">Ameerega boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C65FFF7FC70F892BE342061" box="[912,1031,1855,1880]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FC70F892BE342061" box="[912,1031,1855,1880]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">Ameerega</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species falling under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C65FFF7FA63F892B8382046" authority="Silverstone (1976)" authorityName="Silverstone" authorityYear="1976" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="picta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FA63F892BAE72046" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">A. picta</emphasis>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C65FFF7FEC7F8C8B8382046" author="Silverstone" box="[295,523,1893,1919]" pageId="6" pageNumber="30" refString="Silverstone, P. A. (1976) A revision of the poison-arrow frogs of the genus Phyllobates Bibron in Sagra (family Dendrobatidae). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Scientific Bulletin, 21, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1976">Silverstone (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340D3B44C65FFF7FDF7F8C8B80B2046" box="[535,568,1893,1919]" name="American Samoa" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
perhaps expectable, lowest distance occurs between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C65FFF7FB5EF8CBBF752046" box="[1214,1350,1894,1919]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FB5EF8CBBF752046" box="[1214,1350,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">A. boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C65FFF7FA62F8CBBB25209C" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FA62F8CBBB25209C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">A. flavopicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ca. 2 %) while the new and other species differ at 2.7–5.1 %. Comparatively high genetic similarity of species as found between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C65FFF7FD65F81EB92120F5" box="[645,786,1971,1996]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FD65F81EB92120F5" box="[645,786,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">A. boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C65FFF7FCB1F81EB9C020F5" box="[849,1011,1971,1996]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FCB1F81EB9C020F5" box="[849,1011,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">A. flavopicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs among several other, well acknowledged
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C65FFF7FEABF877BBF020CA" box="[331,451,2010,2035]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FEABF877BBF020CA" box="[331,451,2010,2035]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">Ameerega</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C65FFF7FD84F877B8C320CA" box="[612,752,2010,2035]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braccata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FD84F877B8C320CA" box="[612,752,2010,2035]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">A. braccata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C65FFF7FCCCF877B9F620CA" box="[812,965,2010,2035]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FCCCF877B9F620CA" box="[812,965,2010,2035]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">A. flavopicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C65FFF7FC0EF877BE7820CA" box="[1006,1099,2010,2035]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="picta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FC0EF877BE7820CA" box="[1006,1099,2010,2035]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">A. picta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C65FFF7FB68F877BF1320CA" box="[1160,1312,2010,2035]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yungicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C65FFF7FB68F877BF1320CA" box="[1160,1312,2010,2035]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="26">A. yungicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Table 3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C64FFF6FF77FF35BAC027E1" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,448]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C64FFF6FF77FF35BBBE278B" box="[151,397,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" refString="Lotters S., A. Schmitz & Reichle, S. (2005) A new cryptic species of poison frog from the Bolivian Yungas. Herpetozoa, 18, 115 - 124." type="journal article">
|
||
Lötters
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C64FFF6FF15FF35BB002788" box="[245,307,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported even higher similarity (<2 %) among other, well distinguishable
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C64FFF6FAC3FF35BFAF2788" box="[1315,1436,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C64FFF6FAC3FF35BFAF2788" box="[1315,1436,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="27">Ameerega</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34DC0AF4C64FFF8FF26FF48BBC725CF" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C64FFF6FF26FF48BE3326F9" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,448]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C64FFF6FF26FF48B80527C6" bold="true" box="[198,566,229,255]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27">Distribution and life history.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C64FFF6FDA1FF48B91527C7" box="[577,806,229,254]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C64FFF6FDA1FF48B91527C7" box="[577,806,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="27">Ameerega boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from the Serranías de Santiago and Chochis, isolated Precambrian sandstone massifs in the Chiquitanía region of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340D3B44C64FFF6FBA8FEA1BE92261F" box="[1096,1185,268,294]" name="Bolivia" pageId="7" pageNumber="27">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C8FA14C64FFF6FB51FEA1BECA261F" box="[1201,1273,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1371,1395]" captionTargetBox="[316,1253,738,1345]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[316,1271,738,1345]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Known distributions of Ameerega braccata (magenta), A. flavopicta (orange) and the new species described here (red); map modified after Lötters et al. (2007)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186229/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="27">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elevational records are from about
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF3EC14C64FFF6FE47FE9FB8092675" box="[423,570,306,332]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="950.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="700.0">700–1200 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C64FFF6FCE2FE9FBF6F2675" author="Gans" box="[770,1372,306,332]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" refString="Gans, C. (1960) Notes on a herpetological collecting trip through the southeastern lowlands of Bolivia. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 35, 283 - 314." type="journal article" year="1960">Gans 1960; pers. observ. on uncollected specimens</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The general area is semi-arid and hot (ca. 50 % rel. humidity and 30°C during the day at
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF3EC14C64FFF6FB64FEF4BE82264A" box="[1156,1201,345,371]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
above ground were common in
|
||
<date id="FFE9B5E44C64FFF6FECCFE2DB87526A3" box="[300,582,384,410]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" value="2002-03" valueMax="2002-04-31" valueMin="2002-03-00">March and April 2002</date>
|
||
; pers. observ.) with a rainy season from November to April. Natural vegetation includes semi-deciduous forest and 'cerrado' formation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C8FA14C64FFF6FC49FE0BB9C126F9" box="[937,1010,422,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,259,1246,1270]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,299,1235]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[164,1429,299,1235]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. From upper left to lower right: Ameerega braccata from Mato Grosso, Brazil (photo courtesy of M. Martins); A. flavopicta from Minas Gerais, Brazil (photo courtesy of M. Martins); flavopicta / braccata - like new species, A. boehmei, topotypic specimen not collected (photo by S. Reichle); aspect of landscape which is inhabited by A. boehmei; specimens mostly occur near sandstone which are often situated near running water (foreground) (photo by S. Reichle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186230/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF28C3AC4C64FFF6FF77F83BBB7920CD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186232/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" targetBox="[241,1347,494,1918]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C64FFF6FF77F83BBB7920CD" blockId="7.[151,1436,1942,2036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C64FFF6FF77F83BBB292097" bold="true" box="[151,282,1942,1966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Oscillogram and audiospectrogram of advertisement call of (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C64FFF6FC3BF83ABE9A2097" box="[987,1193,1943,1966]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C64FFF6FC3BF83ABE9A2097" box="[987,1193,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="27">Ameerega boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the type locality (temperature during recording 23.5 °C) and (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C64FFF6FD7CF817B91620E8" box="[668,805,1978,2001]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavopicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C64FFF6FD7CF817B91620E8" box="[668,805,1978,2001]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="27">A. flavopicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Alto Paraíso, Goiás state, Brazil (temperature during recording 29 °C)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C6AFFF8FF26FF35BEA82537" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,835]" pageId="9" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Frogs were found active during the day, with an activity peak from 05:00 to 11:00 AM, in non-forested areas in the vicinity of sandstone rocks, often situated near running water (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C8FA14C6AFFF8FBE9FF13BE6127E1" box="[1033,1106,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,259,1246,1270]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,299,1235]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[164,1429,299,1235]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. From upper left to lower right: Ameerega braccata from Mato Grosso, Brazil (photo courtesy of M. Martins); A. flavopicta from Minas Gerais, Brazil (photo courtesy of M. Martins); flavopicta / braccata - like new species, A. boehmei, topotypic specimen not collected (photo by S. Reichle); aspect of landscape which is inhabited by A. boehmei; specimens mostly occur near sandstone which are often situated near running water (foreground) (photo by S. Reichle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186230/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Crevices are common and are frequently used by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C6AFFF8FE41FF48B81727C7" box="[417,548,229,254]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C6AFFF8FE41FF48B81727C7" box="[417,548,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="29">A. boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for hiding. Specimens can be found in crevices near ground up to more than
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF3EC14C6AFFF8FF77FEA1BAF4261F" box="[151,199,268,294]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
above ground, especially during high temperatures and at night (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C6AFFF8FBC4FEA1BE9D261F" author="Gans" box="[1060,1198,268,294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="29" refString="Gans, C. (1960) Notes on a herpetological collecting trip through the southeastern lowlands of Bolivia. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 35, 283 - 314." type="journal article" year="1960">Gans 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; pers. observ.). We measured the air temperature of three crevices on different occasions in
|
||
<date id="FFE9B5E44C6AFFF8FBC1FE9FBE9F2675" box="[1057,1196,306,332]" pageId="9" pageNumber="29" value="2002-04">April 2002</date>
|
||
, each for 24 hours. Temperatures were relatively constant at 21–25°C. Distances between rocks with frogs and the next evident water body was between one and more than
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF3EC14C6AFFF8FD7EFE2DB8E926A3" box="[670,730,384,410]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
airline. Calling activity was observed during morning hours from exposed portions of rocks. During our study period, three tadpoles in a temporary puddle and six subadults were found, suggesting reproduction takes place during the rainy season. Likewise,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6EED54C6AFFF8FAE7FE60BFAE26DE" author="Gans" box="[1287,1437,461,487]" pageId="9" pageNumber="29" refString="Gans, C. (1960) Notes on a herpetological collecting trip through the southeastern lowlands of Bolivia. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 35, 283 - 314." type="journal article" year="1960">Gans (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed nursery adults transporting tadpoles to ditches along a railway track in March.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C6AFFF8FF26FDB7BBC725CF" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,835]" pageId="9" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C6AFFF8FF26FDB7BBF9250D" bold="true" box="[198,458,538,564]" pageId="9" pageNumber="29">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
The known distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C6AFFF8FCFFFDB7BE30250A" box="[799,1027,538,563]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C6AFFF8FCFFFDB7BE30250A" box="[799,1027,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="29">Ameerega boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Serranías de Santiago and Chochis is part of the departmental reserve 'Valle de Tucavaca'. Within it some land-use alteration has been observed in some forests; however, areas in which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E8A74C6AFFF8FD1FFDC5B9B525B8" box="[767,902,616,641]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C6AFFF8FD1FFDC5B9B525B8" box="[767,902,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="29">A. boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs appear to be safe and in good shape. Applying IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2001 Criteria & Categories (version 3.1.); http://www.iucnredlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001, accessed
|
||
<date id="FFE9B5E44C6AFFF8FC00FD18BE5E25F6" box="[992,1133,693,719]" pageId="9" pageNumber="29" value="2008-07-01">1 July 2008</date>
|
||
), we consider this species to be of 'Least Concern' (LC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34DC0AF4C6AFFF8FF26FCAFB8D9247A" pageId="9" pageNumber="29" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE893244C6AFFF8FF26FCAFB8D9247A" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,835]" pageId="9" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234F364C6AFFF8FF26FCAFBB602425" bold="true" box="[198,339,770,796]" pageId="9" pageNumber="29">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name is a patronym for Wolfgang Böhme, in honour of his support of the scientific careers of all authors from early days on.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |