treatments-xml/data/03/F8/5E/03F85E56FFD4E86DFCA9FB9B45B469D7.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

218 lines
25 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="1DF210BF2995E7E85F845BCA5D9C4D06" ID-CLB-Dataset="3681" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0082(2005)483[0001:AAAACF]2.0.CO;2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d0912529-3de7-4704-92b2-7714623d8222" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4735171" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620068430804" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="WANG, XIAOMING, McKENNA, MALCOLM C. &amp; DASHZEVEG, DEMBERELYIN" docDate="2005" docId="03F85E56FFD4E86DFCA9FB9B45B469D7" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2005.3483.1-57.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 3483" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0082%282005%29483%5B0001%3AAAAACF%5D2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001.3:AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pyctis inamatus Babbitt 1999" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="FFC1262EFFF2E845FFB8FF99442D6B47" masterDocTitle="Amphicticeps and Amphicynodon (Arctoidea, Carnivora) from Hsanda Gol Formation, Central Mongolia and Phylogeny of Basal Arctoids with Comments on Zoogeography" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1698938162769" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="0AB25F60BED5CE814657906F15BD1C5F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="1780F4A875113390899635B080918B90">
<mods:title id="CB1C7909B3E7DA0584C040F7B0AEC8E6">Amphicticeps and Amphicynodon (Arctoidea, Carnivora) from Hsanda Gol Formation, Central Mongolia and Phylogeny of Basal Arctoids with Comments on Zoogeography</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="ED4E4CCC9DCD980FF932A20CFA1E9F88" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BEE00A506192BBEDB5977603EC22D720">
<mods:roleTerm id="B943D00F59EE7C40D7ADFCBCDD83FBFD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="67F67C9245505CF011049D4D9D12B7F1">WANG, XIAOMING</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="64FC4CE1493AC1F302AAB00A955DF847" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A0E71C30C5C3019796E536FAD7DD79A6">
<mods:roleTerm id="E63BD9CB372127FF3B6827E810FFF6AA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F742A8848448461601B26D6B5BD82286">McKENNA, MALCOLM C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="BC8D811D230E9617F6784E8E496FCD0B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B9B71F846B52F865744D7EEE34E509DC">
<mods:roleTerm id="652778C44C174B67D0ECB3822AE6F8A2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0EEEF60E56A3E99687CE3A574028D896">DASHZEVEG, DEMBERELYIN</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="B9F23742BCF828F0EFFEBE002FF065B2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="AA0C2DCB72510F7E9E440F7A80CE1A56" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="70CCF6C8156690ACD0278BC73B1BD441">
<mods:title id="F1F5F9C2ADA68F939F5F748971E48816">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="3003777A8DB8927648A75D4B7C3D22E0">
<mods:date id="B036E287DED38C19841BA15AC2457546">2005</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="ECFA11CF71E15FB2C887B0496E450864" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="9CAD9B13746BCC8D5656E18B27A10872">2005-07-25</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="8A0D6A1B90BD3EBB120A69C03AAE05B7" type="volume">
<mods:number id="5AE1F73BD1C99A528960FE90358A286D">3483</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="E89C563A5CB87719F998B04D0F7E989C" unit="page">
<mods:start id="BE0CB4D4B3326AADD07A829F65A646FE">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="E459C664BAC0EF76ED1557F234D3F884">58</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="68E0086F36DC2EF7D84DD585BDE6720F">
<mods:url id="ECBCC21ABC92765648B50032EF15E65F">http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0082%282005%29483%5B0001%3AAAAACF%5D2.0.CO%3B2</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="1DF61EC267C0641D8852745CC1DF5467">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="31B7CA44C35AEE9ABE3B45A07AA85874" type="CLB-Dataset">3681</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="55FA03B167443A5FB131C5289C2A0EE0" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0082(2005)483[0001:AAAACF]2.0.CO;2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9892316CC7A3D8BF53B1A7CCAE450B3C" type="GBIF-Dataset">d0912529-3de7-4704-92b2-7714623d8222</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F0859FFE92B76E554D0F4754ACDF1327" type="ISSN">0003-0082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EE083B1AC3A0F1E7BE98049110D54044" type="Zenodo-Dep">4735171</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03F85E56FFD4E86DFCA9FB9B45B469D7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5647929" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190002713" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5647929" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F85E56FFD4E86DFCA9FB9B45B469D7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F85E56FFD4E86DFCA9FB9B45B469D7" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<subSubSection id="C34BBCCBFFD4E863FCA9FB9B405A6F5F" box="[785,1143,1025,1049]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFD4E863FCA9FB9B405A6F5F" blockId="38.[785,1143,1025,1049]" box="[785,1143,1025,1049]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="D0A6582CFFD4E863FCA9FB9B405A6F5F" box="[785,1143,1025,1049]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFD4E863FCA9FB9B405A6F5F" authority="Babbitt, 1999" authorityName="Babbitt" authorityYear="1999" box="[785,1143,1025,1049]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Pyctis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inamatus">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD4E863FCA9FB9B47E06F5E" box="[785,973,1026,1049]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pyctis inamatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC092B1FFD4E863FC6EFB98405A6F5F" author="Babbitt, C." box="[982,1143,1025,1048]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="791 - 792" refId="ref30161" refString="Babbitt, C. 1999. Pyctis inamatus, gen. et sp. nov., a new mustelid from the Hsanda Gol Formation, Oligocene, Mongolia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19 (4): 791 - 792." type="journal article" year="1999">Babbitt, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34BBCCBFFD4E86DFD61FBA845036BB2" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFD4E862FD61FBA845446DD4" blockId="38.[700,1229,1073,1742]" lastBlockId="39.[123,652,1601,1741]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
COMMENTS:
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFD4E863FCDFFBA8400D6F0F" authorityName="Babbitt" authorityYear="1999" box="[871,1056,1073,1096]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Pyctis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inamatus">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD4E863FCDFFBA8400D6F0F" box="[871,1056,1073,1096]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pyctis inamatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was named on the basis of a left jaw fragment with p3 (broken)m1 and partial m2 alveolus from the Tatal Gol area in a red claystone unit, SW of Maikant,
<quantity id="4CA942A5FFD4E863FCECFB3F47846FFA" box="[852,937,1190,1213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="16.9">16.9 m</quantity>
above the lava layer in the Shand Member (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC092B1FFD4E863FC69FB5D40ED6F9C" author="Babbitt, C." box="[977,1216,1220,1243]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="791 - 792" refId="ref30161" refString="Babbitt, C. 1999. Pyctis inamatus, gen. et sp. nov., a new mustelid from the Hsanda Gol Formation, Oligocene, Mongolia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19 (4): 791 - 792." type="journal article" year="1999">Babbitt, 1999: 791</bibRefCitation>
). With an m1 length of approximately
<quantity id="4CA942A5FFD4E863FBCBFB7840E56FBF" box="[1139,1224,1249,1272]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFD4E863FD04FB66472E6E51" box="[700,771,1279,1302]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Pyctis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD4E863FD04FB66472E6E51" box="[700,771,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pyctis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is somewhat smaller than
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFD4E863FBE2FB6647A66E74" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makhchinus">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD4E863FBE2FB6647A66E74" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Amphicticeps makhchinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(arctoids tend to have a somewhat shorter P4 than m1; the reverse is true between
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFD4E863FCE7FACE478B6E29" box="[863,934,1367,1390]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Pyctis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD4E863FCE7FACE478B6E29" box="[863,934,1367,1390]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pyctis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFD4E863FC5DFACE40B96E29" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" box="[997,1172,1367,1390]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makhchinus">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD4E863FC5DFACE40B96E29" box="[997,1172,1367,1390]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A. makhchinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) but falls in the range of
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFD4E863FC0EFAED40336ECC" authorityName="WANG &amp; McKENNA &amp; DASHZEVEG" authorityYear="2005" box="[950,1054,1396,1419]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorog">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD4E863FC0EFAED40336ECC" box="[950,1054,1396,1419]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A. dorog</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see measurements in tables 3, 5).
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFD4E863FC79FA0840256EEF" box="[961,1032,1425,1448]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Pyctis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD4E863FC79FA0840256EEF" box="[961,1032,1425,1448]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pyctis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is highly hypercarnivorous with an extremely trenchant m1 talonid, which has a single, centrally located hypoconid, along with the complete loss of m1 metaconid. This dental pattern is almost exactly opposite to that in
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFD4E863FBABF9BD40EB6D7C" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" box="[1043,1222,1572,1595]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makhchinus">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD4E863FBABF9BD40EB6D7C" box="[1043,1222,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A. makhchinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which tends toward the hypocarnivorous direction.
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFD4E863FCA5F9C647496D31" box="[797,868,1631,1654]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Pyctis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD4E863FCA5F9C647496D31" box="[797,868,1631,1654]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pyctis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also more hypercarnivorous than
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFD4E863FD41F9E5474F6DD4" authorityName="WANG &amp; McKENNA &amp; DASHZEVEG" authorityYear="2005" box="[761,866,1660,1683]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorog">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD4E863FD41F9E5474F6DD4" box="[761,866,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A. dorog</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which still retains a substantial m1 metaconid and entoconid. Another important difference between
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFD4E863FB93F92E40B86D89" authorityName="WANG &amp; McKENNA &amp; DASHZEVEG" authorityYear="2005" box="[1067,1173,1719,1742]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorog">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD4E863FB93F92E40B86D89" box="[1067,1173,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A. dorog</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFD5E862FFC3F9D844EF6D1F" box="[123,194,1601,1624]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Pyctis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD5E862FFC3F9D844EF6D1F" box="[123,194,1601,1624]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pyctis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the presence of a posterior accessory cusp on the p4 of the former, which is lacking in the latter.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2EBFC8FFD5E862FF2DFA3D461F6D4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4735203" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4735203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4735203/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" startId="39.[149,187,1444,1465]" targetBox="[143,1209,186,1424]" targetPageId="39">
<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFD5E862FF2DFA3D461F6D4E" blockId="39.[123,1227,1444,1546]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Fig. 15.
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD5E862FEBAFA3D45366EFE" bold="true" box="[258,283,1444,1465]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A,</emphasis>
stereophotos of occlusal view of left m2,
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD5E862FD5DFA3D46D36EFE" bold="true" box="[741,766,1444,1465]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">B,</emphasis>
labial view of jaw, and
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD5E862FBBEFA3D400D6EFE" bold="true" box="[1030,1056,1444,1465]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">C,</emphasis>
lingual view of jaw of MAE SG.97.5396,?
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFD5E862FE1EFA26465C6E93" box="[422,625,1471,1492]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Cephalogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-d">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD5E862FE1EFA2646016E93" box="[422,556,1471,1492]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cephalogale</emphasis>
sp.
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD5E862FDE5FA26465C6E93" bold="true" box="[605,625,1471,1492]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">D</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD5E862FDC9FA26465B6E93" bold="true" box="[625,630,1471,1492]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">,</emphasis>
stereophotos of occlusal view of right m12,
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD5E862FBD7FA2640AA6E93" bold="true" box="[1135,1159,1471,1492]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">E,</emphasis>
labial view of jaw, and
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD5E862FE8FFA4045636EA9" bold="true" box="[311,334,1497,1518]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">F,</emphasis>
lingual view of jaw of IVPP V10527.1,?
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFD5E862FCA9FA4347CC6EA9" box="[785,993,1497,1519]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-g">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD5E862FCA9FA4347B36EA8" box="[785,926,1498,1519]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Amphicticeps</emphasis>
sp.
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD5E862FC74FA4047CC6EA9" bold="true" box="[972,993,1497,1518]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">G</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD5E862FC5AFA4047CA6EA9" bold="true" box="[994,999,1497,1518]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">,</emphasis>
stereophotos of right M1,?
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFD5E862FF02FA6C45436D4E" box="[186,366,1524,1546]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD5E862FF02FA6C456A6D4D" box="[186,327,1525,1546]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Amphicticeps</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
Scales 5 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFD5E86DFF20F90045036BB2" blockId="39.[123,652,1601,1741]" lastBlockId="40.[124,653,193,656]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC092B1FFD5E862FF20F900456F6DF7" author="Babbitt, C." box="[152,322,1689,1712]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="791 - 792" refId="ref30161" refString="Babbitt, C. 1999. Pyctis inamatus, gen. et sp. nov., a new mustelid from the Hsanda Gol Formation, Oligocene, Mongolia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19 (4): 791 - 792." type="journal article" year="1999">Babbitt (1999)</bibRefCitation>
compared
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFD5E862FE7CF90046266DF7" box="[452,523,1689,1712]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Pyctis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD5E862FE7CF90046266DF7" box="[452,523,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pyctis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with some basal mustelids from the early Miocene of Europe, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFD5E862FC2BF9D840236D1F" box="[915,1038,1601,1624]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Plesiogale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD5E862FC2BF9D840236D1F" box="[915,1038,1601,1624]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Plesiogale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFD5E862FBE0F9D840E96D1F" box="[1112,1220,1601,1624]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Paragale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD5E862FBE0F9D840E96D1F" box="[1112,1220,1601,1624]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Paragale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and she also made comparisons with later Eurasian forms, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFD5E862FBB8F9E540BD6DD4" box="[1024,1168,1660,1683]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Eomellivora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD5E862FBB8F9E540BD6DD4" box="[1024,1168,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Eomellivora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFD5E862FD03F90047036DF7" authorityName="Storr" authorityYear="1780" box="[699,814,1689,1712]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mellivora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFD5E862FD03F90047036DF7" box="[699,814,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Mellivora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Given the poor condition of the
<typeStatus id="54EA51E2FFD5E862FD03F92F47096D8A" box="[699,804,1718,1741]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, she did not draw definitive systematic conclusions, except placing it in the family
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFDAE86DFF1DFF4745076BB2" box="[165,298,222,245]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Mustelidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34BBCCBFFDAE86DFF21FF6545B469D7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFDAE86DFF21FF6545B469D7" blockId="40.[124,653,193,656]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFDAE86DFF21FF6544CD6A54" box="[153,224,252,275]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Pyctis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFDAE86DFF21FF6544CD6A54" box="[153,224,252,275]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pyctis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also shares some resemblance to certain oligobunines (a group of basal musteloids) in the late Oligocene through early Miocene of North America (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC092B1FFDAE86DFE6AFECD46AD6A2C" author="Baskin, J. A." box="[466,640,340,363]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="152 - 173" refId="ref30269" refString="Baskin, J. A. 1998 a Mustelidae. In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (editors), Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America, Volume 1: Terrestrial carnivores, ungulates, and ungulatelike mammals: 152 - 173. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press." type="book chapter" year="1998">Baskin, 1998a</bibRefCitation>
), such as
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFDAE86DFF52FEE845466ACF" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1881" box="[234,363,369,392]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Oligobunis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFDAE86DFF52FEE845466ACF" box="[234,363,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Oligobunis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFDAE86DFE0CFEE846026ACF" authorityName="Matthew" authorityYear="1907" box="[436,559,369,392]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Megalictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFDAE86DFE0CFEE846026ACF" box="[436,559,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Megalictis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which also have a highly hypercarnivorous lower carnassial and reduced posterior accessory cusp on p4. On the other hand,
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFDAE86DFDACFE5046A06AA7" authorityName="Helbing" authorityYear="1930" box="[532,653,457,480]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Ischyrictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFDAE86DFDACFE5046A06AA7" box="[532,653,457,480]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ischyrictis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFDAE86DFF08FE7E45366AB9" authorityName="Ginsburg" authorityYear="1961" box="[176,283,487,510]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Hoplictis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFDAE86DFF08FE7E45366AB9" box="[176,283,487,510]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Hoplictis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from early to middle Miocene of Europe also exhibit tendencies toward hypercarnivory (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC092B1FFDAE86DFE9CFDB846AD697F" author="Ginsburg, L. &amp; J. Morales" box="[292,640,545,568]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="111 - 116" refId="ref32592" refString="Ginsburg, L., and J. Morales. 1992. Contribution a la connaissance des Mustelides (Carnivora, Mammalia) du Miocene d'Europe Trochictis et Ischyrictis, genres affines et genres nouveaux. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences 315 (2): 111 - 116." type="journal article" year="1992">Ginsburg and Morales, 1992</bibRefCitation>
). The systematic status of
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFDAE86DFE08FDA645DA6911" box="[432,503,575,598]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Pyctis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9253352FFDAE86DFE08FDA645DA6911" box="[432,503,575,598]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pyctis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will remain uncertain without additional materials, particularly its upper teeth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>