treatments-xml/data/03/EE/F6/03EEF608FFB1FFE5FF60FD17FD469D75.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

220 lines
23 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="61816285B0CC9D711D3696C6F70E5D91" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.282377" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dad9bb60-0d1a-4a88-9d47-60df040cefa7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="282377" ID-ZooBank="60F151D5-D0F8-4313-89ED-FA383178B247" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460529551214" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Murphy, John C., Voris, Harold K. &amp; Karns, Daryl R." docDate="2012" docId="03EEF608FFB1FFE5FF60FD17FD469D75" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03484p034.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3484" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cerberus microlepis Boulenger" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFD78E70FFBDFFE9FFF7FFD2FFC69A5C" masterDocTitle="The dog-faced water snakes, a revision of the genus Cerberus Cuvier, (Squamata, Serpentes, Homalopsidae), with the description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1698315622289" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="8B3FBF03B90E596407ADA914ACB84708" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="82F6B27F1A3C0007948D4412783E528D">
<mods:title id="543A597EA07E40577A380379577F52EC">The dog-faced water snakes, a revision of the genus Cerberus Cuvier, (Squamata, Serpentes, Homalopsidae), with the description of a new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="3BC015DF3A7CE35F625CF24380AB0A62" type="personal">
<mods:role id="10FE9AF9F2D4FE08B7CCB6EE1D6BEBBD">
<mods:roleTerm id="A021B3FDD1B1808FD2C6D0204034D69C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8BAE11D13E5D0E1AF680720900578188">Murphy, John C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1E710606CC15F97938477141F0821AED" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2F8D70B9D86B3E0A75AACC0B12D70832">
<mods:roleTerm id="DBC84F6C04F74E41F45ECF3B04CD9076">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="60724B2F61319B6D23ED88265C74AEB4">Voris, Harold K.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D57D5CA40CADCC963E49315317DA3D43" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DD981CB93511B49A31E28BDA8EA52B0A">
<mods:roleTerm id="A47FA11F968139F254D8A3B18D2670DB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="ACB8D3DF105E8CB1DE5851441F730BB6">Karns, Daryl R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="FF7B0D8C738B39B20855E71D1A4A5703">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="4A7D59F36A98E406091CDE819ED6BFF2" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="58D9375B3F88B013C979023BAD8FF199">
<mods:title id="1D4ED0944E14B5F559648B085BCA477F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="358EAA8724982317AA7FDD4B66BD8A9C">
<mods:date id="67627DF9B1180D1504C41C10AE0BBB1D">2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="19C07EA45AFC5A4DFF4291719713EF52" type="volume">
<mods:number id="3537A0FF95788ED183B900F779961EA7">3484</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="283E882C49C3BE7B8975547EFD7F0594" unit="page">
<mods:start id="054EA5FF73925F68C0C9B8B0C0CF2DCD">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="D1D0BF166D6A3A2A5DED2A3BB4008C3D">34</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="26477562B5D13F4C8F39A92F5A631478">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3152B3AE69709C20EFFBC440834417C0" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.282377</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0848D4F9499A02E57652F1DD1FE043CF" type="GBIF-Dataset">dad9bb60-0d1a-4a88-9d47-60df040cefa7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F1AF2AB0E9E4BCB1EFE2394491759BE3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FEBE15218AAFC5BE1E3F021229F7D4E4" type="Zenodo-Dep">282377</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DAA739AD39DDE6FDE95E7CF8A1381391" type="ZooBank">60F151D5-D0F8-4313-89ED-FA383178B247</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03EEF608FFB1FFE5FF60FD17FD469D75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628902" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119526624" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5628902" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EEF608FFB1FFE5FF60FD17FD469D75" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EEF608FFB1FFE5FF60FD17FD469D75" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="C35D1495FFB1FFE5FF60FD17FF3398A3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB1FFE5FF60FD17FDD49883" blockId="12.[151,530,709,767]" box="[151,530,709,735]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D0B0F072FFB1FFE5FF60FD17FDD49883" bold="true" box="[151,530,709,735]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB1FFE5FF60FD17FDD49883" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" box="[151,530,709,735]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microlepis">
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FF60FD17FDD49883" bold="true" box="[151,530,709,735]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FF60FD17FE4C9883" bold="true" box="[151,394,709,735]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cerberus microlepis</emphasis>
Boulenger
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB1FFE5FF60FD35FF3398A3" blockId="12.[151,530,709,767]" box="[151,245,743,767]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<figureCitation id="137C5B9BFFB1FFE5FF60FD35FF3398A3" box="[151,245,743,767]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1679,1702]" captionTargetBox="[151,1398,190,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,149,1682]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Lake Buhi Bockadam, Cerberus microlepis. USNM 197854. JCM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282383/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35D1495FFB1FFE5FF60FCE2FDD299FD" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB1FFE5FF60FCE2FD84991A" blockId="12.[151,1436,816,930]" box="[151,578,816,838]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB576030FFB1FFE5FF60FCE2FD84991A" box="[151,578,816,838]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB1FFE5FF60FCE2FE24991A" authority="Gray 1849:64" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="64" authorityYear="1849" box="[151,482,816,838]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FF60FCE2FE96991A" box="[151,336,816,838]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cerberus cinereus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB1FFE5FEA1FCE2FE24991A" author="Gray" box="[342,482,816,838]" page="64" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1849">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB1FFE5FEA1FCE2FE02991A" author="Gray" box="[342,452,816,838]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Gray, J. (1849) Catalogue of the Specimens of Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 125 pp." type="book" year="1849">Gray 1849</bibRefCitation>
:64
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(in part).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB1FFE5FF60FC9DFDD299FD" blockId="12.[151,1436,816,930]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB576030FFB1FFE5FF60FC9DFDD299FD" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB1FFE5FF60FC9DFDC89938" authority="Boulenger 1896" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,526,846,869]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microlepis">
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FF60FC9DFEA39939" box="[151,357,847,869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cerberus microlepis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB1FFE5FE9DFC9CFDC89938" author="Boulenger" box="[362,526,846,868]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1896) Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum. Volume 3. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 727 pp." type="book" year="1896">Boulenger 1896</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 3:18.
<typeStatus id="54FCF9BCFFB1FFE5FDA6FC9DFD459938" box="[593,643,847,868]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type</typeStatus>
locality: &quot;
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB1FFE5FD1CFC9CFCA29938" box="[747,868,846,868]" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Philippines</collectingCountry>
.&quot; Collector: H. Cuming.
<typeStatus id="54FCF9BCFFB1FFE5FBABFC9DFB7B9938" box="[1116,1213,847,868]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
: BMNH 1946.1.7.24 25;
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB1FFE5FF1AFCBFFEBB99DF" author="Gyi" box="[237,381,877,899]" page="153" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1970">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB1FFE5FF1AFCBFFE9499DF" author="Gyi" box="[237,338,877,899]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Gyi, K. K. (1970) A revision of colubrid snakes of the subfamily Homalopsinae. University of Kansas Publications. Museum of Natural History, 20, 47 - 223." type="journal article" year="1970">Gyi 1970</bibRefCitation>
:153
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB1FFE5FE70FCBFFDBE99DE" author="Alfaro" box="[391,632,877,899]" page="1277" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB1FFE5FE70FCBFFD8699DE" author="Alfaro" box="[391,576,877,899]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Alfaro, M. E., Karns, D. R., Voris, H K., Abernathy, E. &amp; Sellins, S. L. (2004) Phylogeny of Cerberus (Serpentes: Homalopsinae) and phylogeny of Cerberus rynchops: diversification of a coastal marine snake in Southeast Asia. Journal of Biogeography, 31, 1277 - 1292." type="journal article" year="2004">
Alfaro
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FE38FCBCFE3A99DF" box="[463,508,877,899]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
:1277
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB1FFE5FD75FCBFFCF699DF" author="Murphy" box="[642,816,877,899]" page="69" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB1FFE5FD75FCBFFCD499DF" author="Murphy" box="[642,786,877,899]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Murphy, J. C. (2007) Homalopsid Snakes, Evolution in the Mud. Krieger Publishing, Malabar, 249 pp." type="book" year="2007">Murphy 2007</bibRefCitation>
:69
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB1FFE5FCCDFCBFFBD899DF" author="Alfaro" box="[826,1054,877,899]" page="576" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB1FFE5FCCDFCBFFC3499DF" author="Alfaro" box="[826,1010,877,899]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Alfaro, M. E., Karns, D. R., Voris, H. K., Brock, C. D. &amp; Stuart, B. L. (2008) Phylogeny, evolutionary history, and biogeography of Oriental-Australian rear-fanged water snakes (Colubroidea: Homalopsidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 46, 576 - 593." type="journal article" year="2008">
Alfaro
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FC75FCBCFC6899DF" box="[898,942,877,899]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
:576
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB1FFE5FF60FC5FFE8B99FE" box="[151,333,908,930]" class="Squamata" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Hurria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microlepis">
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FF60FC5FFE8B99FE" box="[151,333,908,930]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hurria microlepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0AE6610FFFB1FFE5FE90FC59FDD799FD" author="Taylor" box="[359,529,907,929]" page="114" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1922">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB1FFE5FE90FC59FE2099FD" author="Taylor" box="[359,486,907,929]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Taylor, E. H. (1922) The snakes of the Philippine Islands. Philippine Bureau of Science Monograph, 16, 1 - 312." type="journal article" year="1922">Taylor 1922</bibRefCitation>
:114
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35D1495FFB1FFE5FF60FC1CFE989EE5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB1FFE5FF60FC1CFE989EE5" blockId="12.[151,1437,974,1833]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FF60FC1CFEF699BB" bold="true" box="[151,304,974,999]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB1FFE5FEB7FC1CFDE399BA" box="[320,549,974,998]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microlepis">
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FEB7FC1CFDE399BA" box="[320,549,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cerberus microlepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from Lake Buhi (~
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB1FFE5FC5EFC1CFBCC99BA" box="[937,1034,974,998]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="13.433333">13°26N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE7321D9FFB1FFE5FBE5FC1CFB4699BA" box="[1042,1152,974,998]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="123.51667">123°31E</geoCoordinate>
), a small freshwater lake on the island of Luzon, in the
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB1FFE5FE03FC26FDB09E50" box="[500,630,1012,1036]" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Philippines</collectingCountry>
. The lake is about
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB1FFE5FCA6FC26FC5C9E50" box="[849,922,1012,1036]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="18.0">18 km</quantity>
2, and is positioned on the eastern side of Mt Iriga about
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB1FFE5FEE8FBC5FEBB9E73" box="[287,381,1047,1071]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="ft" value="200.0">200 feet</quantity>
above sea level; a distance of
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB1FFE5FD1CFBC5FCF39E73" box="[747,821,1047,1071]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
from the coast. The lake was formed in 1641 by an earthquake that collapsed the side of Mt Iriga and formed a dam (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB1FFE5FC8DFBEBFB879E0D" author="Karns" box="[890,1089,1081,1105]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Karns, D. R., O'Bannon, A., Voris, H. K. &amp; Weight, L. A. (2000) Biogeographical implications of mitochondrial DNA variation in the bockadam snake (Cerberus rynchops, Serpentes: Homalopsinae) in Southeast Asia. Journal of Biogeography, 27, 391 - 402." type="journal article" year="2000">
Karns
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FC31FBE8FC3E9E0D" box="[966,1016,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. 2000
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD63AEFFFB1FFE5FBBAFBEBFADD9E0D" author="Alfaro" box="[1101,1307,1081,1105]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Alfaro, M. E., Karns, D. R., Voris, H K., Abernathy, E. &amp; Sellins, S. L. (2004) Phylogeny of Cerberus (Serpentes: Homalopsinae) and phylogeny of Cerberus rynchops: diversification of a coastal marine snake in Southeast Asia. Journal of Biogeography, 31, 1277 - 1292." type="journal article" year="2004">
Alfaro
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FB6AFBE8FB099E0D" box="[1181,1231,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
). Given the geologically recent formation of this lake it is possible that one or more earlier mud slide(s), perhaps associated with Mt Iriga eruptions, created a wetland at the same location thus providing suitable habitat for
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB1FFE5FB1BFBADFA929ECB" box="[1260,1364,1151,1175]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FB1BFBADFA929ECB" box="[1260,1364,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cerberus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the more distant past.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35D1495FFB1FFE5FF30FB11FE1E9FAD" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB1FFE5FF30FB11FE1E9FAD" blockId="12.[151,1437,974,1833]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FF30FB11FEFC9E80" bold="true" box="[199,314,1219,1244]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB1FFE5FEB9FB16FDF49E80" box="[334,562,1220,1244]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microlepis">
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FEB9FB16FDF49E80" box="[334,562,1220,1244]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cerberus microlepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from all other members of the genus by its 27 to 31 scale rows at midbody, all other species have 21 to 25 scale rows at mid-body; the imbricate plate-like scales on the crown have a slightly thickened appearance; last upper labial is horizontally divided; and the venter is mottled.
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB1FFE5FF60FAFEFEAC9F18" box="[151,362,1324,1348]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FF60FAFEFEAC9F18" box="[151,362,1324,1348]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cerberus australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 23 scale rows at mid-body; lacks keels anterior to the angle of the jaw and the first labial does not contact the loreal (it does in
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FDAFFA9DFD1E9F3B" box="[600,728,1359,1383]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">microlepsis</emphasis>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB1FFE5FD04FA9DFC799F3B" box="[755,959,1359,1383]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dunsoni">
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FD04FA9DFC799F3B" box="[755,959,1359,1383]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cerberus dunsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 23 scale rows at mid body, rounded juxtaposed scales on the crown, and a uniform black venter.
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB1FFE5FCA0FAA3FBE99FD5" box="[855,1071,1393,1417]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rynchops">
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FCA0FAA3FBE99FD5" box="[855,1071,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cerberus rynchops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 25 scale rows at mid body (rarely 23); keeled scales on the crown of the head anterior to the angle of the jaw, and the last two upper labials are horizontally divided.
<taxonomicName id="4C473C9DFFB1FFE5FE7EFA65FDB19F93" box="[393,631,1463,1487]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schneiderii">
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FE7EFA65FDB19F93" box="[393,631,1463,1487]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cerberus schneiderii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
usually has 23 scale rows at mid-body (rarely 21 or 25), the last upper labial is horizontally divided
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35D1495FFB1FFE5FF30FA29FD469D75" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF8471EFFB1FFE5FF30FA29FD469D75" blockId="12.[151,1437,974,1833]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B9339B0CFFB1FFE5FF30FA29FEF39C48" bold="true" box="[199,309,1531,1556]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Variation</emphasis>
. The largest male was
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB1FFE5FDB5FA2EFD599C48" box="[578,671,1532,1556]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.68" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="768.0">768 mm</quantity>
TL with a
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB1FFE5FCEBFA2EFCBF9C48" box="[796,889,1532,1556]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="158.0">158 mm</quantity>
tail. The largest female
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB1FFE5FB7DFA2EFB339C48" box="[1162,1269,1532,1556]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0459999999999998" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="1046.0">1046 mm</quantity>
TL with a
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB1FFE5FA85FA2EFF059C6B" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.61" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="161.0">161 mm</quantity>
tail. The largest remaining fragment of the frontal scale is shorter in length than the length of the supraocular in all
<specimenCount id="9D418C97FFB1FFE5FF4CF993FE959C05" box="[187,339,1601,1625]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">16 specimens</specimenCount>
examined. The loreal contacts the subocular on all 22 sides examined and the preocular contacts the upper labials in all specimens. Largest upper labial 7 (53%), 8 (34%), or 6 (9%); first horizontally divided upper labial posterior to the eye 7 (3%), 8(47%), or 9(50%); labial(s) under the orbit 4+5 (3%), 5 (47%), 5+6 (38%), or 6 (12%); horizontally divided upper labials posterior to the orbit: 1 (91%), 2 (4.5%), or none (4.5%). Dorsal scale rows on anterior body 2833, at midbody 2831, and posterior body 2025. Ventral scales wide and rounded;
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB1FFE5FA93F91EFF189D5B" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2164" metricValueMax="4.3688" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="166.0" valueMax="172.0" valueMin="160.0">160 172 in</quantity>
males;
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB1FFE5FEC3F93DFE759D5B" box="[308,435,1775,1799]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1274999999999995" metricValueMax="4.2164" metricValueMin="4.0386" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="162.5" valueMax="166.0" valueMin="159.0">159166 in</quantity>
females. The subcaudal scales divided;
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB1FFE5FC83F93DFC119D5B" box="[884,983,1775,1799]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6509999999999998" metricValueMax="1.778" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="65.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="60.0">6070 in</quantity>
males;
<quantity id="4CBFEAFBFFB1FFE5FBDAF93DFB569D5B" box="[1069,1168,1775,1799]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4605" metricValueMax="1.5493999999999999" metricValueMin="1.3716" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="57.5" valueMax="61.0" valueMin="54.0">5461 in</quantity>
females.
<collectingCountry id="F350078EFFB1FFE5FB0BF93DFAF09D5B" box="[1276,1334,1775,1799]" name="Malta" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Male</collectingCountry>
tails 23 27% of SVL. Female tails 1822% of SVL.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>