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<document id="4BB36A6871669F898D5304DFAEBA1BC8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5339.5.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8309419" ID-ZooBank="41EC5960-8B30-45D1-BE02-2F1C30E6F9A3" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1693578063489" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Krakhmalnyi, Aleksandr F., Krakhmalnyi, Maxim A., Terenko, Galyna V. &amp; Goncharenko, Igor V." docDate="2023" docId="BF0C87E3FFECFF820AC0FDE00810FB1B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5339.5.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5339 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5339.5.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Protoperidinium steinii Balech 1974" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="442" masterDocId="4335FF9BFFE3FF8D0A57FFA6096FFFF7" masterDocTitle="Dominant Species Of The Genus Protoperidinium Bergh (Peridiniales: Protoperidiniaceae) In The Black Sea" masterLastPageNumber="448" masterPageNumber="427" pageNumber="442" updateTime="1693830036649" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="93B703795F455E8EC385D80813CFA775">Dominant Species Of The Genus Protoperidinium Bergh (Peridiniales: Protoperidiniaceae) In The Black Sea</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="371A36F5FFECFF820AC0FDE00B71FD73" blockId="15.[151,1436,582,644]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">
<heading id="6C528199FFECFF820AC0FDE00B71FD73" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" reason="1">
<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFECFF820AC0FDE00B71FD73" bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">
<taxonomicName id="F0A54D76FFECFF820AC0FDE00B84FD97" authority="(Jorgensen) Balech 1974" authorityName="Balech" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="Jorgensen" box="[151,747,582,609]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Protoperidiniaceae" genus="Protoperidinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="steinii">
<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFECFF820AC0FDE008DFFD96" bold="true" box="[151,432,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">Protoperidinium steinii</emphasis>
(Jörgensen)
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFECFF820805FDE10B84FD97" author="Balech, E." box="[594,747,582,609]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref12120" refString="Balech, E. (1974) El genero &quot; Protoperidinium &quot; Bergh, 1881 (&quot; Peridinium &quot; Ehrenberg, 1831, Partim). Revista Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales &quot; Bernardino Rivadavia &quot;. Hidrobiologia, 4 (1), 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1974">Balech 1974</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Rev.
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<collectingRegion id="F561F817FFECFF820961FDE10A1FFD96" box="[822,880,583,609]" country="Turkey" name="Mus" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">Mus</collectingRegion>
. Argent. Cienc. Nat. “
<collectorName id="9A505323FFECFF820ED4FDE00C48FD97" box="[1155,1319,582,608]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">B. Rivadavia</collectorName>
”, Hydrobiologia 4 (1): 63. (
<figureCitation id="AF9E2A70FFECFF820B28FDCC0B7EFD73" box="[383,529,618,644]" captionStart="FIGURES 6576" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1716,1740]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,181,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[227,1361,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 6576. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 6576—P. steinii. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate, 2a—second intercalary plate. 6668—DIC; 6976—epifluorescence; 65—transmitted light. Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8309431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8309431/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">Figs. 6576</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FBF657EFFECFF820AC0FD090A00FC96" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="371A36F5FFECFF820AC0FD090A1EFCD4" blockId="15.[151,1436,687,865]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFECFF820AC0FD090862FD30" bold="true" box="[151,269,687,711]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">References</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFECFF820B4EFD1608B1FD30" author="Jorgensen, E." box="[281,478,687,712]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref12814" refString="Jorgensen, E. (1899) Protophyten und Protozoen im Plankton aus der norwegischen Westkuste. Bergens Museums Aarbog, 6, 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="1899">Jörgensen 1899: 38</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFECFF820BBFFD090BF8FD30" author="Paulsen, O." box="[488,663,687,711]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref13520" refString="Paulsen, O. (1908) Peridiniales. XVIII. In: Brandt, K. &amp; Apstein, C. (Eds.), Nordisches Plankton. Botanischer. Verlag von Lipsius &amp; Tischer, Kiel und Leipzig, pp. 1 - 124." type="book chapter" year="1908">Paulsen 1908: 47</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="AF9E2A70FFECFF8208F7FD090B86FD30" box="[672,745,687,711]" captionStart="FIGURES 4758" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1716,1740]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,181,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[227,1361,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 4758. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 4752—P. pellucidum; 5354—P. subinerme; 55—P. solidicorne; 56 57—P. pyriforme; 58—P. pentagonum. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate, 2a—second intercalary plate. Hypothecal pore in plate 1ʹʹʹ is marked with an arrow (47, 50). 4749—DIC; 5052, 5658—epifluorescence; 5355—transmitted light. Scale bars: 4754 = 10 µm; 5558 = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8309427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8309427/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFECFF8208A4FD090AC7FD30" author="Lebour, M. V." box="[755,936,687,711]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" refId="ref13172" refString="Lebour, M. V. (1925) The Dinoflagellates of the Northern Seas. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, 150 pp." type="book" year="1925">Lebour 1925: 125</bibRefCitation>
, Pl. XXV: 125, 4 a-d;
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFECFF820ED3FD090C50FD30" author="Schiller, J." box="[1156,1343,687,711]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" pagination="1 - 589" refId="ref13791" refString="Schiller, J. (1937) Dinoflagellatae (Peridineae) in monographischer Behandlung. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.), Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 589." type="book chapter" year="1937">Schiller 1937: 197</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 192 ah;
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFECFF820AAFFD6808D7FD11" author="Kiselew, I. A." box="[248,440,718,742]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" refId="ref12841" refString="Kiselew, I. A. (1950) Thecate flagellates (Dinoflagellata) of the seas and freshwater bodies of the USSR. Leningrad, Moscow, 280 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1950">Kiselew 1950: 184</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 304 ag;
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFECFF82081BFD680B9AFD11" author="Wood, E. J. F." box="[588,757,718,742]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" refId="ref14148" refString="Wood, E. J. F. (1968) Dinoflagellates of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent areas. University of Miami Press, Coral Gables, Florida, 142 pp." type="book" year="1968">Wood 1968: 109</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 329;
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFECFF820908FD680D62FD11" author="Taylor, F. J. R." box="[863,1037,718,742]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" refId="ref13936" refString="Taylor, F. J. R. (1976) Dinoflagellates from the International Indian Ocean Expedition. A report on material collected by the R. V. &quot; Anton Bruun &quot; 1963 - 1964. Bibliotheca botanica, Stuttgart, 234 pp." type="book" year="1976">Taylor 1976: 159</bibRefCitation>
, Pl. 32: 349 ab (as
<taxonomicName id="F0A54D76FFECFF820E80FD680CE2FD12" authorityName="Jorgensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[1239,1421,718,742]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Peridiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="steinii">
<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFECFF820E80FD680CE2FD12" box="[1239,1421,718,742]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">Peridinium steinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFECFF820A90FD4A0815FCF2" author="Dodge, J. D." box="[199,378,748,773]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" refId="ref12377" refString="Dodge, J. D. (1982) Marine Dinoflagellates of the British Isles. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 289 pp." type="book" year="1982">Dodge 1982: 199</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="AF9E2A70FFECFF820BD2FD4A0887FCF2" box="[389,488,748,773]" captionStart="FIGURES 2334" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1716,1740]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,181,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-22@8.[227,1361,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2334. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 2331—P. divergens; 32—P. conicum; 33—P. knipowitschii; 34—P. granii. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate, 2a—second intercalary plate. 24, 34—DIC; 2528—epifluorescence; 2931—FE- SEM; 23, 3233—transmitted light. Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8309423" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8309423/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">Fig. 23 C</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFECFF820BA3FD4A0BF4FCF3" author="Dodge, J. D." box="[500,667,748,772]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" refId="ref12403" refString="Dodge, J. D. (1985) Atlas of dinoflagellates: a scanning electron study. Farrand Press, London, 119 pp." type="book" year="1985">Dodge 1985: 65</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFECFF8208F1FD4A0A9DFCF3" author="Konovalova, G. V. &amp; Selina, M. S." box="[678,1010,748,773]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" refId="ref12913" refString="Konovalova, G. V. &amp; Selina, M. S. (2010) Dinophyta. Biota of the Russian waters of the Sea of Japan. Vol. 8. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 352 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="2010">Konovalova &amp; Selina 2010: 151</bibRefCitation>
, Table XX, 5 ab; XV, 7, 8;
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFECFF820F41FD4A0841FCD4" author="Krakhmalnyi, A. F." pageId="15" pageNumber="442" refId="ref13044" refString="Krakhmalnyi, A. F. (2011) Dinophyta of Ukraine (illustrated book for identification). Alterpress, Kiev, 444 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="2011">Krakhmalnyi 2011: 207</bibRefCitation>
, Table 91, 114; Yamani &amp; Saburova 2019: 328, Pl. 177.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="371A36F5FFECFF820AC0FC8C0AD5FCB5" blockId="15.[151,1436,687,865]" box="[151,954,810,834]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFECFF820AC0FC8C086DFCB5" bold="true" box="[151,258,810,834]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">Basionym</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="F0A54D76FFECFF820B47FC8C0B02FCB5" authority="Jorgensen 1899" authorityName="Jorgensen" authorityYear="1899" box="[272,621,810,834]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Peridiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="steinii">
<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFECFF820B47FC8C08A9FCB6" box="[272,454,810,834]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">Peridinium steinii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFECFF820B9BFC8C0B02FCB5" author="Jorgensen, E." box="[460,621,810,834]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref12814" refString="Jorgensen, E. (1899) Protophyten und Protozoen im Plankton aus der norwegischen Westkuste. Bergens Museums Aarbog, 6, 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="1899">Jörgensen 1899</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Bergens Museum Aarbog 6: 38.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="371A36F5FFECFF820AC0FCEE0A00FC96" blockId="15.[151,1436,687,865]" box="[151,879,840,865]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFECFF820AC0FCEE0869FC97" bold="true" box="[151,262,840,864]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">Synonyms</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="F0A54D76FFECFF820B43FCEE0B0CFC96" authority="Stein 1883" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1883" box="[276,611,840,865]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Peridiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="michaelis">
<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFECFF820B43FCEE0882FC97" box="[276,493,840,864]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">Peridinium michaelis</emphasis>
Stein 1883
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F0A54D76FFECFF82083AFCEF0A03FC96" authority="Jorgensen 1889" authorityName="Jorgensen" authorityYear="1889" box="[621,876,841,865]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Peridiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="steinii">
<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFECFF82083AFCEF0BABFC97" box="[621,708,841,864]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">P. steinii</emphasis>
Jörgensen 1889
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FBF657EFFECFF820AC0FC28088FFB76" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" type="description">
<paragraph id="371A36F5FFECFF820AC0FC28088FFB76" blockId="15.[151,1437,910,1261]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFECFF820AC0FC280844FC5F" bold="true" box="[151,299,910,936]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">Description:</emphasis>
Cells pear-shaped, with concave lateral sides, slightly compressed in the cross-section. The epitheca gradually tapering into a narrow apical horn. The apical pore structure of Bʹ
<typeStatus id="E81E8857FFECFF820E5DFC120D55FC38" box="[1034,1082,948,975]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">type</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFECFF820E1DFC150C33FC3A" author="Toriumi, S. &amp; Dodge, J. D." box="[1098,1372,947,973]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" pagination="39 - 45" refId="ref14061" refString="Toriumi, S. &amp; Dodge, J. D. (1993) Thecal apex structure in the Peridiniaceae (Dinophyceae). European Journal of Phycology, 28, 39 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09670269300650061" type="journal article" year="1993">Toriumi &amp; Dodge 1993</bibRefCitation>
). The epithecal plate pattern comprises seven precingular plates (7ʹʹ), four apical plates (4ʹ), three anterior intercalary plates (3a), 1ʹ plate “meta”, 2a “penta”. The thecal surface reticulated. The cingulum median or slightly post-median, ascending (displaced by 0.51.0 cingular width), bears lists. The sulcus straight, shallow, with well-developed left list. The hypotheca hemispherical with two antapical spines bearing developed lists. Dimensions: 50.667.2 μm long and 29.439.6 μm wide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FBF657EFFECFF820A90FB2C0810FB1B" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="371A36F5FFECFF820A90FB2C0810FB1B" blockId="15.[151,1437,910,1261]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFECFF820A90FB2C0836FB53" bold="true" box="[199,345,1162,1188]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">Distribution</emphasis>
: Coastal and oceanic species, widely distributed in temperate to tropical waters; cosmopolitan (
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFECFF820AC9FB090881FB3E" author="Al-Yamani, F. Y. &amp; Saburova, M. A." box="[158,494,1199,1225]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" refId="ref12038" refString="Al-Yamani, F. Y. &amp; Saburova, M. A. (2019) Marine phytoplankton of Kuwait's waters. Vol. I. Cyanobacteria, Dinoflagellates, Flagellates. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, 468 pp." type="book" year="2019">Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFECFF820BADFB090BBDFB3E" author="Krakhmalnyi, A. F." box="[506,722,1199,1225]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" refId="ref13044" refString="Krakhmalnyi, A. F. (2011) Dinophyta of Ukraine (illustrated book for identification). Alterpress, Kiev, 444 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="2011">Krakhmalnyi 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Data on the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="F0A54D76FFECFF820E40FB090D18FB3F" authorityName="Jorgensen" authorityYear="1889" box="[1047,1143,1199,1224]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Peridiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="15" pageNumber="442" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="steinii">
<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFECFF820E40FB090D18FB3F" box="[1047,1143,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">P. steinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are given from the GBIF. org (2022)
<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFECFF820B42FB740810FB1B" bold="true" box="[277,383,1234,1260]" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">
(
<figureCitation id="AF9E2A70FFECFF820B4AFB74081DFB1B" box="[285,370,1234,1260]" captionStart="FIGURES 9598" captionStartId="19.[151,264,630,654]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,182,604]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[151,1436,181,606]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 9598. Global distribution maps of some Protoperidinium species. 95—P. oblongum; 96—P. solidicorne; 97—P. steinii; 98—P. subinerme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8309437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8309437/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="442">Fig. 97</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>