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<taxonomicName id="F0A54D76FFE0FF8E0AC0FEDB0A21FE6F" authority="(Levander) Balech 1974" authorityName="Balech" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="Levander" box="[151,846,381,408]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Protoperidiniaceae" genus="Protoperidinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="430" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="achromaticum">
<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFE0FF8E0AC0FEDB0B77FE6F" bold="true" box="[151,536,381,408]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="430">Protoperidinium achromaticum</emphasis>
(Levander)
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFE0FF8E08E3FED80A21FE6F" author="Balech, E." box="[692,846,382,408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref12120" refString="Balech, E. (1974) El genero &quot; Protoperidinium &quot; Bergh, 1881 (&quot; Peridinium &quot; Ehrenberg, 1831, Partim). Revista Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales &quot; Bernardino Rivadavia &quot;. Hidrobiologia, 4 (1), 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1974">Balech 1974</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Rev.
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. Argent. Cienc. nat. “
<collectorName id="9A505323FFE0FF8E0EB2FEDB0CE6FE60" box="[1253,1417,381,407]" pageId="3" pageNumber="430">B. Rivadavia</collectorName>
”, Hidrobiol. 4 (1): 56. (
<figureCitation id="AF9E2A70FFE0FF8E0BCAFE070B7FFE4C" box="[413,528,417,443]" captionStart="FIGURES 110" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[232,1355,417,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-119@4.[232,1355,417,1914]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 110. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 12—P. achromaticum; 34, 7—P. brevipes; 5, 10—P. quadrioblongum; 6, 89—P. excentricum. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate, 2a—second intercalary plate. 4, 69—epifluorescence; 5, 10— transmitted light. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8309421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8309421/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="430">Figs. 12</figureCitation>
)
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.
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<subSubSection id="7FBF657EFFE0FF8E0AC0FE400DC4FDAD" pageId="3" pageNumber="430" type="reference_group">
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<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFE0FF8E0AC0FE400862FE09" bold="true" box="[151,269,486,510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="430">References</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFE0FF8E0B49FE4008B3FE09" author="Lebour, M. V." box="[286,476,486,510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="430" refId="ref13172" refString="Lebour, M. V. (1925) The Dinoflagellates of the Northern Seas. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, 150 pp." type="book" year="1925">Lebour 1925: 114</bibRefCitation>
, Pl. XXII,
<figureCitation id="AF9E2A70FFE0FF8E0801FE400BA9FE08" box="[598,710,486,511]" captionStart="FIGURES 110" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[232,1355,417,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-119@4.[232,1355,417,1914]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 110. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 12—P. achromaticum; 34, 7—P. brevipes; 5, 10—P. quadrioblongum; 6, 89—P. excentricum. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate, 2a—second intercalary plate. 4, 69—epifluorescence; 5, 10— transmitted light. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8309421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8309421/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="430">Fig. 1 ag</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFE0FF8E0884FE400A1CFE09" author="Abe, T. H." box="[723,883,486,510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="430" pagination="383 - 438" refId="ref11928" refString="Abe, T. H. (1927) Report of the biological survey of Mutsu Bay. 3. Notes on the protozoan fauna of Mutsu Bay. I. Peridiniales. Science reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, Sendai, Japan, 2 (4), 383 - 438." type="journal article" year="1927">Abé 1927: 412</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="AF9E2A70FFE0FF8E09D5FE400ABFFE09" box="[898,976,486,510]" captionStart="FIGURES 2334" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1716,1740]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,181,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-22@8.[227,1361,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2334. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 2331—P. divergens; 32—P. conicum; 33—P. knipowitschii; 34—P. granii. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate, 2a—second intercalary plate. 24, 34—DIC; 2528—epifluorescence; 2931—FE- SEM; 23, 3233—transmitted light. Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8309423" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8309423/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="430">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFE0FF8E0989FE400DCCFE09" author="Schiller, J." box="[990,1187,486,510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 589" refId="ref13791" refString="Schiller, J. (1937) Dinoflagellatae (Peridineae) in monographischer Behandlung. In: Rabenhorst, L. (Ed.), Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 589." type="book chapter" year="1937">Schiller 1937: 229</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 225 ah;
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFE0FF8E0F1EFE40085FFDEA" author="Kiselew, I. A." pageId="3" pageNumber="430" refId="ref12841" refString="Kiselew, I. A. (1950) Thecate flagellates (Dinoflagellata) of the seas and freshwater bodies of the USSR. Leningrad, Moscow, 280 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1950">Kiselew 1950: 195</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 330 ae;
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFE0FF8E0B9DFDA30B12FDEA" author="Taylor, F. J. R." box="[458,637,517,541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="430" refId="ref13936" refString="Taylor, F. J. R. (1976) Dinoflagellates from the International Indian Ocean Expedition. A report on material collected by the R. V. &quot; Anton Bruun &quot; 1963 - 1964. Bibliotheca botanica, Stuttgart, 234 pp." type="book" year="1976">Taylor 1976: 138</bibRefCitation>
, Pl. 33: 371 ab (as
<taxonomicName id="F0A54D76FFE0FF8E0905FDA30D32FDEA" authorityName="Levander" authorityYear="1902" box="[850,1117,517,541]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Peridiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="430" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="achromaticum">
<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFE0FF8E0905FDA30D32FDEA" box="[850,1117,517,541]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="430">Peridinium achromaticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFE0FF8E0E23FDA30C47FDEA" author="Dodge, J. D." box="[1140,1320,517,541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="430" refId="ref12377" refString="Dodge, J. D. (1982) Marine Dinoflagellates of the British Isles. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 289 pp." type="book" year="1982">Dodge 1982: 183</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="AF9E2A70FFE0FF8E0F63FDA30CF8FDEB" box="[1332,1431,517,541]" captionStart="FIGURES 1122" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,381,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-104@6.[227,1361,381,1893]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1122. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 1112—P. bipes; 1415—P. brochii; 13, 16—P. crassipes; 1719—P. claudicans; 2022—P. depressum. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate, 2a—second intercalary plate. 11, 13, 1516—DIC; 12, 14, 1819, 22—epifluorescence; 17, 2021—transmitted light. Scale bars: 1112, 1415 = 10 µm; 13, 1622 = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8315252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8315252/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="430">Fig. 21 B</figureCitation>
; Krakhmalny 2011: 190, Table 75,
<figureCitation id="AF9E2A70FFE0FF8E0875FD820BFFFDCC" box="[546,656,547,572]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 110" captionStart-1="FIGURES 1122" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1937,1961]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,264,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox-0="[232,1355,417,1914]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1361,381,1893]" captionTargetId-0="figure-119@4.[232,1355,417,1914]" captionTargetId-1="figure-104@6.[227,1361,381,1893]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 110. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 12—P. achromaticum; 34, 7—P. brevipes; 5, 10—P. quadrioblongum; 6, 89—P. excentricum. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate, 2a—second intercalary plate. 4, 69—epifluorescence; 5, 10— transmitted light. Scale bars: 10 µm." captionText-1="FIGURES 1122. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 1112—P. bipes; 1415—P. brochii; 13, 16—P. crassipes; 1719—P. claudicans; 2022—P. depressum. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate, 2a—second intercalary plate. 11, 13, 1516—DIC; 12, 14, 1819, 22—epifluorescence; 17, 2021—transmitted light. Scale bars: 1112, 1415 = 10 µm; 13, 1622 = 20 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8309421" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8315252" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8309421/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8315252/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="430">Figs. 815</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFE0FF8E08CEFD820A98FDCB" author="Al-Yamani, F. Y. &amp; Saburova, M. A." box="[665,1015,548,572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="430" refId="ref12038" refString="Al-Yamani, F. Y. &amp; Saburova, M. A. (2019) Marine phytoplankton of Kuwait's waters. Vol. I. Cyanobacteria, Dinoflagellates, Flagellates. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, 468 pp." type="book" year="2019">Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2019: 294</bibRefCitation>
, Pl. 161.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="371A36F5FFE0FF8E0AC0FDE40DC4FDAD" blockId="3.[151,1437,486,602]" box="[151,1195,578,602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFE0FF8E0AC0FDE4086DFDAD" bold="true" box="[151,258,578,602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="430">Basionym</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="F0A54D76FFE0FF8E0B47FDE40BD3FDAD" authority="Levander 1902" authorityName="Levander" authorityYear="1902" box="[272,700,578,602]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Peridiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="430" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="achromaticum">
<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFE0FF8E0B47FDE40B76FDAD" box="[272,537,578,602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="430">Peridinium achromaticum</emphasis>
Levander 1902
</taxonomicName>
. Medd. Soc. Profauna Fl. Fennica: 49,
<figureCitation id="AF9E2A70FFE0FF8E0E10FDE40DC8FDAD" box="[1095,1191,578,602]" captionStart="FIGURES 110" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[232,1355,417,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-119@4.[232,1355,417,1914]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 110. Protoperidinium of the Black Sea. 12—P. achromaticum; 34, 7—P. brevipes; 5, 10—P. quadrioblongum; 6, 89—P. excentricum. Designations: 1ʹ—first apical plate, 2a—second intercalary plate. 4, 69—epifluorescence; 5, 10— transmitted light. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8309421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8309421/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="430">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FBF657EFFE0FF8E0AC0FD2E0D5EFCC5" pageId="3" pageNumber="430" type="description">
<paragraph id="371A36F5FFE0FF8E0AC0FD2E0D5EFCC5" blockId="3.[151,1437,648,891]" pageId="3" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFE0FF8E0AC0FD2E0844FD55" bold="true" box="[151,299,648,674]" pageId="3" pageNumber="430">Description:</emphasis>
Cells rhomboid. The epithecal plate pattern comprises seven precingular plates (7ʹʹ), four apical plates (4ʹ), three anterior intercalary plates (3a), and “ortho””hexa” combination of the 1ʹ and 2a plates. The thecal surface smooth, with scattered pores. The cingulum median, deeply excavated, almost circular. The sulcus slightly broadens towards the antapical portion of the cell, with two sulcal lists protruding posteriorly giving the appearance of small antapical spines in ventral view. Dimensions: 2748 μm long and 2340 μm wide.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="7FBF657EFFE0FF8E0A90FC9A0C25FC8D" pageId="3" pageNumber="430" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="371A36F5FFE0FF8E0A90FC9A0C25FC8D" blockId="3.[151,1437,648,891]" pageId="3" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFE0FF8E0A90FC9A0836FCA1" bold="true" box="[199,345,828,854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="430">Distribution</emphasis>
: Neritic species. Reported from cold temperate to tropical low saline waters (
<bibRefCitation id="53344B04FFE0FF8E0EAAFC9A082AFC8C" author="Al-Yamani, F. Y. &amp; Saburova, M. A." pageId="3" pageNumber="430" refId="ref12038" refString="Al-Yamani, F. Y. &amp; Saburova, M. A. (2019) Marine phytoplankton of Kuwait's waters. Vol. I. Cyanobacteria, Dinoflagellates, Flagellates. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait, 468 pp." type="book" year="2019">Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2019</bibRefCitation>
). Data on the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="F0A54D76FFE0FF8E08D1FCC70A2DFC8D" authorityName="Levander" authorityYear="1902" box="[646,834,864,890]" class="Dinophyceae" family="Peridiniaceae" genus="Peridinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Peridiniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="430" phylum="Myzozoa" rank="species" species="achromaticum">
<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFE0FF8E08D1FCC70A2DFC8D" box="[646,834,864,890]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="430">P. achromaticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are given from the GBIF.org (2022)
<emphasis id="05D1EAE7FFE0FF8E0EB7FCC60C25FC8D" bold="true" box="[1248,1354,864,890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="430">
(
<figureCitation id="AF9E2A70FFE0FF8E0EBFFCC60C52FC8D" box="[1256,1341,864,890]" captionStart="FIGURES 7785" captionStartId="18.[151,264,847,871]" captionTargetBox="[156,1435,182,817]" captionTargetId="figure-22@18.[151,1436,181,823]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 7785. Global distribution maps of some Protoperidinium species. 77—Protoperidinium achromaticum; 78—P. bipes; 79—P. brevipes; 80—P. brochii; 81—P. claudicans; 82—P. conicum; 83—P. crassipes; 84—P. depressum; 85—P. divergens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8309433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8309433/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="430">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>