119 lines
15 KiB
XML
119 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="0CDADE3CD7364E7EEBDC83539BE11E05" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5392175" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5392175" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630316196429" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Borojevic, Radovan, Boury-Esnault, Nicole & Vacelet, Jean" docDate="2000" docId="B2494E1BFF9EB26FF699FD03FF0CA16B" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.2000.22.2.203-263.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 22 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375.4:Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Staurorrhaphidae Jenkin 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="240" masterDocId="4E703663FFBBB249F449FFCCFFE4A50A" masterDocTitle="A revision of the supraspecific classification of the subclass Calcaronea (Porifera, class Calcarea)" masterLastPageNumber="263" masterPageNumber="203" pageNumber="240" updateTime="1699223765294" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="0048403EDA4242A4F00E2A848D7DA8B7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="46F57763EB9135E6ED9C0AB0DEF44283">
|
||
<mods:title id="72D41CBC0FF5C73766720F3D1832F2E7">A revision of the supraspecific classification of the subclass Calcaronea (Porifera, class Calcarea)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="CE3BC0786D22BFA81DE29586E7896D1F" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E10C6198A42F55BEE3B8662FAB302A69">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="70E6202936B03857B2C2FCF63BDB66D0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="39B48B35AA7838C4B21837B49B9E68B3">Borojevic, Radovan</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="41FE34B7D05AF6FC72D3228BA0917A96">Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68021, 21941 - 970 Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) radovan @ iq. ufrj. br</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DCDD672F0A7BA62896189C796EE0A610" type="email">radovan@iq.ufrj.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="217EF1B5AF00DAD1E184FCCF9A418DD7" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="DE7D009DAC34577AAA79B73E12FDBC39">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D59FE2106371F7786AD5397996FB5A82">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5AA56728485F2B434400E2AB3B8A8D2D">Boury-Esnault, Nicole</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="46404B77325EF49F2F76022CC8D09FD3" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="8C62ADFF762CF44B9E23403F0C17C333">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="AB783010CE13E6205245B0CBFA665ED6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9840BF8ECF3BDBCB519E15497920DF15">Vacelet, Jean</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="C04B6B842AECA18BE8348061E689779B">Centre d’Océanologie de Marseille (CNRS-Université de la Méditerranée, UMR 6540 DIMAR), Station marine d’Endoume, F- 13007 Marseille (France) esnault @ com. univ-mrs. fr jvacelet @ com. univ-mrs. fr</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="3B6BE31C42D2FB99D5E9A2F908818991">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="4A81685AA798D62DEB96879CDBC23C21" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="D080112CF16515428E94668BDA745CF8">
|
||
<mods:title id="88A02AAF021A6C86D3C489DEB4F4CDEE">Zoosystema</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="5AF673C129558B1F2586EE7D240B9C05">
|
||
<mods:date id="5710AD3AD292F233B2376BE06FFC5B61">2000</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="8A32AF685DFD00573321B1DD84318AEA" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="1D5CCDA584C31751F5F658EAEB5491BA">22</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="E53CD22331F944DB754596ABDC325F8C" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="D49E45420964824C3674E59F93B8D8CA">2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="901B051DEDBC7252163F145094C5FDF3" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="B8056B07B8357F29A6C8BD5C0AD52D68">203</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="5BD15E39FB635EFAC49A1F287897F5F5">263</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="7089BBE81BD04F421254A72D0FFAAF8D">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="11FE6E7340CBCB7E9CCA4A1D8D5C7710" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5392175</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CCC06681A04A1E7283C6EF5433C53927" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2D256A1570F1F0C025CBCB5B94692F73" type="Zenodo-Dep">5392175</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="B2494E1BFF9EB26FF699FD03FF0CA16B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B2494E1BFF9EB26FF699FD03FF0CA16B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B2494E1BFF9EB26FF699FD03FF0CA16B" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="37" pageNumber="240">
|
||
<subSubSection id="72FAAC86FF9EB26CF699FD03FB6AA7E3" box="[720,1166,719,745]" pageId="37" pageNumber="240" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="3A5FFF0DFF9EB26CF699FD03FB6AA7E3" blockId="37.[720,1166,719,745]" box="[720,1166,719,745]" pageId="37" pageNumber="240">
|
||
<heading id="61174861FF9EB26CF699FD03FB6AA7E3" box="[720,1166,719,745]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="240" reason="6">
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFF9EB26CF768FD03FB6AA7E3" authority="Jenkin, 1908" authorityName="Jenkin" authorityYear="1908" box="[801,1166,719,745]" class="Calcarea" family="Staurorrhaphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="37" pageNumber="240" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">STAURORRHAPHIDAE Jenkin, 1908</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="72FAAC86FF9EB26CF6ECFCCEFCA4A63F" pageId="37" pageNumber="240" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="3A5FFF0DFF9EB26CF6ECFCCEFCA4A63F" blockId="37.[677,1210,770,1064]" pageId="37" pageNumber="240">
|
||
<collectionCode id="5CF167C8FF9EB26CF6ECFCCEFCF9A612" box="[677,797,770,793]" pageId="37" pageNumber="240">
|
||
<typeStatus id="E55B41AFFF9EB26CF6ECFCCEFD31A612" box="[677,725,770,793]" pageId="37" pageNumber="240">TYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
GENUS
|
||
</collectionCode>
|
||
. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFF9EB26CF705FCCFFBB9A611" authority="Jenkins, 1908" authorityName="Jenkins" authorityYear="1908" box="[844,1117,771,795]" class="Calcarea" family="Achramorphidae" genus="Achramorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="37" pageNumber="240" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0894231FFF9EB26CF705FCCFFC28A611" box="[844,972,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="240">Achramorpha</emphasis>
|
||
Jenkins, 1908
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by original designation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="72FAAC86FF9EB26CF6ECFC88FCAAA122" pageId="37" pageNumber="240" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="3A5FFF0DFF9EB26CF6ECFC88FCAAA122" blockId="37.[677,1210,770,1064]" pageId="37" pageNumber="240">
|
||
DIAGNOSIS. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFF9EB26CF776FC89FC35A657" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1958" box="[831,977,837,861]" class="Calcarea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosoleniida" pageId="37" pageNumber="240" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Leucosoleniida</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a continuous cortex covering all the choanosome. Cortical tetractines are absent. The organization of the aquiferous system is syconoid, sylleibid or leuconoid. A tangential atrial skeleton is present only in the oscular region. In the atrial cavity, only the paired actines of subatrial chiactines support the atrial surface, while the apical actine is bent and points into the atrial cavity, making its surface hispid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="72FAAC86FF9EB26FF6ECFBA9FF0CA16B" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="241" pageId="37" pageNumber="240" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="3A5FFF0DFF9EB26CF6ECFBA9FCD1A177" blockId="37.[677,1210,1125,1704]" box="[677,821,1125,1151]" pageId="37" pageNumber="240">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A5FFF0DFF9EB26FF6ECFB49FF0CA16B" blockId="37.[677,1210,1125,1704]" lastBlockId="38.[114,647,206,1121]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="241" pageId="37" pageNumber="240">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFF9EB26CF695FB49FC40A195" authorityName="Jenkin" authorityYear="1908" box="[732,932,1157,1183]" class="Calcarea" family="Staurorrhaphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="37" pageNumber="240" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Staurorrhaphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been proposed by Jenkin (1908a) to include sponges with chiactines (“cruciform” spicules), which are tetractines whose apical actine is bent so that it follows the same line as the unpaired actine, but in the opposite direction (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A2DBE388FF9EB26CF7F5FAD2FBE8A032" box="[956,1036,1310,1336]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="38.[679,690,735,752]" captionTargetBox="[682,1204,213,696]" captionTargetId="figure-504@38.[677,1210,198,705]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIG. 36. — Diagram of the subatrial skeleton of the Staurorrhaphidae. Note the absence of the atrial skeleton, and the presence of the apical actines of the subatrial tetractines that point inwards into the atrial cavity. Abbreviations: a, atrium; ss, subatrial spicules." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5392231" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5392231/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="240">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||
). These spicules are found in the atrial wall: the paired actines are adjacent to the atrial surface, the apical actine is free in the atrial cavity giving the atrial surface a hispid appearance, and the unpaired actine lies in the wall of the radial tubes. Since the same sponges have no tangential spicules in the atrial skeleton, Jenkin (1908a) proposed that chiactines originate from the atrial tetractines. However, as pointed out by Dendy & Row (1913), chiactines have a typical subatrial origin and position. In several other genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFF9EB26CF7E1F9A3FBABA383" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1958" box="[936,1103,1647,1673]" class="Calcarea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosoleniida" pageId="37" pageNumber="240" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Leucosoleniida</taxonomicName>
|
||
, subatrial tetractines are found with the apical actine curved either in the direction of the unpaired actine, thus pointing towards the distal end of the radial tube, or in the opposite direction, pointing into the atrium, such as the case of chiactines. Solely the presence of chiactines would not justify the creation of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFF9DB26FF5EAFEABFD67A48B" authorityName="Jenkin" authorityYear="1908" box="[419,643,359,385]" class="Calcarea" family="Staurorrhaphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="38" pageNumber="241" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Staurorrhaphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, in sponges included in this family the atrial skeleton is reduced to the region immediately adjacent to the osculum, and in the sponge body there are no atrial tangential tri- or tetractines. As indicated by Dendy & Row (1913), this is an unusual modification of the skeletal organization among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFF9DB26FF5A8FDF2FD63A752" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1958" box="[481,647,574,600]" class="Calcarea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosoleniida" pageId="38" pageNumber="241" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Leucosoleniida</taxonomicName>
|
||
and justifies the separation of the two genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFF9DB26FF43BFDB7FEF7A79F" authorityName="Jenkins" authorityYear="1908" box="[114,275,635,661]" class="Calcarea" family="Achramorphidae" genus="Achramorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="38" pageNumber="241" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0894231FFF9DB26FF43BFDB7FEF7A79F" box="[114,275,635,661]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="241">Achramorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="0894231FFF9DB26FF514FDB7FE0FA79E" box="[349,491,635,660]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="241">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFF9DB26FF514FDB7FE03A79E" authorityName="Jenkin" authorityYear="1908" box="[349,487,635,660]" class="Calcarea" family="Achramorphidae" genus="Megapogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="38" pageNumber="241" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Megapogon</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFF9DB26FF43BFD56FEFDA7BE" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1958" box="[114,281,666,692]" class="Calcarea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosoleniida" pageId="38" pageNumber="241" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Leucosoleniida</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Since in most sponges the atrial cavity is echinated or hispid, probably as a protection from invading organisms, in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFF9DB26FF43BFD3AFED1A61A" authorityName="Jenkin" authorityYear="1908" box="[114,309,758,784]" class="Calcarea" family="Staurorrhaphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="38" pageNumber="241" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Staurorrhaphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
the subatrial tetractines have apparently taken over this function, forming a long apical actine bent towards the atrial cavity. The family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFF9DB26FF4A6FC9EFE4CA666" authorityName="Jenkin" authorityYear="1908" box="[239,424,850,876]" class="Calcarea" family="Staurorrhaphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="38" pageNumber="241" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Staurorrhaphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is thus characterized simultaneously by the absence of the atrial tangential skeleton and the presence of subatrial tetractines that are chiactines. All the known species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFF9DB26FF54EFC01FE26A6ED" authorityName="Jenkin" authorityYear="1908" box="[263,450,973,999]" class="Calcarea" family="Staurorrhaphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="38" pageNumber="241" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Staurorrhaphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have rather a thin wall with either an inarticulate skeleton, or only a few scattered spicules in the choanoskeleton. Both genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFF9DB26FF494FBE5FE7CA149" authorityName="Jenkin" authorityYear="1908" box="[221,408,1065,1091]" class="Calcarea" family="Staurorrhaphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="38" pageNumber="241" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Staurorrhaphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known only from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42F7BF9DFF9DB26FF43BFB8BFF01A16B" box="[114,229,1095,1121]" name="Antarctica" pageId="38" pageNumber="241">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |