175 lines
21 KiB
XML
175 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="E25A1D2B1CD005A8AAF9F779606DA9E4" ID-CLB-Dataset="115950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c4bf1061-5af8-4f4a-b4ca-234b6d0ca615" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6972960" ID-ZooBank="F80F144B-D1E8-4587-A146-0BACFFE18FB6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1659936256232" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Beaver, Roger A. & Smith, Sarah M." docDate="2022" docId="217A020B6E5C3F04FF6C4B5BFE35CE6A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5174.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5174 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ips schmutzenhoferi Holzschuh 1988" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="DD437A736E543F0DFFFB4D0DFFFCCF2B" masterDocTitle="The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1699365110226" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="4ABCE562F1279607877248C9DC2AA4A5">The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3E9D34883085202D70ADD6E7D270ADDA">Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F12DE9D88D9DA644B9BE77F734B065AC">161 / 2 Mu 5, Soi Wat Pranon, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai 50180, Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1C93F7E1890E2CCB7FB2CBC5BC6890F5">Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2CA004F59D8ACAD3B4F09F102037A040">Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, 243 Natural Science Bldg., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. smith 462 @ msu. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5173 - 3736</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="A0AE31B6577A31314DD5867CDB8D4A36">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7419627872FD7571D6E9FE1AECDCB77F">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="217A020B6E5C3F04FF6C4B5BFE35CE6A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6972982" ID-GBIF-Taxon="198633439" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6972982" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:217A020B6E5C3F04FF6C4B5BFE35CE6A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5C3F04FF6C4B5BFE35CE6A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="E1C9E0966E5C3F05FF6C4B5BFDF4C944" box="[151,520,1621,1648]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A96CB31D6E5C3F05FF6C4B5BFDF4C944" blockId="8.[151,685,1621,1683]" box="[151,520,1621,1648]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="F22404716E5C3F05FF6C4B5BFDF4C944" bold="true" box="[151,520,1621,1648]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5C3F05FF6C4B5BFDF4C944" ID-CoL="3PXLC" authority="Holzschuh" authorityName="Holzschuh" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,520,1621,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmutzenhoferi">
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5C3F05FF6C4B5BFDF4C944" bold="true" box="[151,520,1621,1648]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5C3F05FF6C4B5BFE7FC95B" bold="true" box="[151,387,1621,1648]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ips schmutzenhoferi</emphasis>
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Holzschuh
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E1C9E0966E5C3F05FF3C4B77FDB2C86C" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A96CB31D6E5C3F05FF3C4B77FD51C9B8" blockId="8.[151,685,1621,1683]" box="[199,685,1657,1683]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="89C394336E5C3F05FF3C4B77FD51C9B8" box="[199,685,1657,1683]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<treatmentCitation id="2872950C6E5C3F05FF3C4B77FD55C9B8" author="Holzschuh, C." box="[199,681,1657,1683]" page="482" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1988">
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<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5C3F05FF3C4B77FD55C9B8" ID-CoL="3PXLC" authority="Holzschuh, 1988: 482" authorityName="Holzschuh" authorityPageNumber="482" authorityYear="1988" box="[199,681,1657,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmutzenhoferi">
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5C3F05FF3C4B77FE54C9B8" box="[199,424,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ips schmutzenhoferi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5C3F05FE544B74FD55C9B8" author="Holzschuh, C." box="[431,681,1657,1683]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="481 - 485" refId="ref13611" refString="Holzschuh, C. (1988) Eine neue Art der Gattung Ips aus Bhutan (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). Entomologica Basiliensia, 12, 481 - 485." type="journal article" year="1988">Holzschuh, 1988: 482</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A96CB31D6E5C3F05FF6C4BCCFDB2C86C" blockId="8.[151,1436,1729,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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This species was described from
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<collectingCountry id="D1C4F38D6E5C3F05FDE44BCCFD8CC9F0" box="[543,624,1729,1755]" name="Bhutan" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5C3F05FD784BCCFCB8C9F0" author="Holzschuh, C." box="[643,836,1729,1755]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="481 - 485" refId="ref13611" refString="Holzschuh, C. (1988) Eine neue Art der Gattung Ips aus Bhutan (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). Entomologica Basiliensia, 12, 481 - 485." type="journal article" year="1988">Holzschuh 1988</bibRefCitation>
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). Further records from
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<collectingCountry id="D1C4F38D6E5C3F05FBA34BCCFB55C9F0" box="[1112,1193,1729,1755]" name="Bhutan" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
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can be found in the publications cited below.Although synonymised with
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<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5C3F05FD104BEBFBFDC9D4" ID-CoL="3PXLS" authority="Strohmeyer" authorityName="Strohmeyer (Wood & Bright" authorityYear="1992" box="[747,1025,1765,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stebbingi">
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5C3F05FD104BEBFC85C9D4" box="[747,889,1765,1791]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ips stebbingi</emphasis>
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Strohmeyer
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</taxonomicName>
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by Wood (1992), several later studies have shown that it is both morphologically and phylogenetically distinct (
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5C3F05FC1E4A04FAEDC808" author="Cognato, A. I. & Sperling, F. A. H." box="[997,1297,1801,1827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="445 - 460" refId="ref12358" refString="Cognato, A. I. & Sperling, F. A. H. (2000) Phylogeny of Ips DeGeer species (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I DNA sequence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 14, 445 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 1999.0705" type="journal article" year="2000">Cognato & Sperling 2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5C3F05FAE54A04FEDFC86C" author="Cognato, A. I. & Vogler, A. P." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="758 - 780" refId="ref12418" refString="Cognato, A. I. & Vogler, A. P. (2001) Exploring data interaction and nucleotide alignment in a multiple gene analysis of Ips (Coleoptera: Scolytinae). Systematic Biology, 50, 758 - 780. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 106351501753462803" type="journal article" year="2001">Cognato & Vogler 2001</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5C3F05FED44A20FDBFC86C" author="Buhroo, A. A. & Lakatos, F." box="[303,579,1837,1863]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="47 - 57" refId="ref12084" refString="Buhroo, A. A. & Lakatos, F. (2011) Molecular and morphological diagnostic markers for the Himalayan Ips DeGeer species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa, 3128 (1), 47 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3128.1.2" type="journal article" year="2011">Buhroo & Lakatos 2011</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="E1C9E0966E5C3F05FF3C4A5CFD3FC840" box="[199,707,1873,1899]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="A96CB31D6E5C3F05FF3C4A5CFD3FC840" blockId="8.[151,1436,1729,2008]" box="[199,707,1873,1899]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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||
<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5C3F05FF3C4A5CFE9DC840" bold="true" box="[199,353,1873,1899]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="D1C4F38D6E5C3F05FE9C4A5CFE47C840" box="[359,443,1873,1899]" name="Bhutan" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="D1C4F38D6E5C3F05FE3D4A5CFDFCC840" box="[454,512,1873,1899]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">India</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="6B177DFF6E5C3F05FDF44A5CFD9AC840" box="[527,614,1873,1899]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="D1C4F38D6E5C3F05FD834A5CFD43C840" box="[632,703,1873,1899]" name="Nepal" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E1C9E0966E5C3F04FF3C4A78FE35CE6A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="A96CB31D6E5C3F04FF3C4A78FE35CE6A" blockId="8.[151,1436,1729,2008]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,150,321]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5C3F05FF3C4A78FEDBC8A4" bold="true" box="[199,295,1909,1935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Biology.</emphasis>
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The species attacks several genera of conifers (
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5C3F05FCA84A7BFBCCC8A4" box="[851,1072,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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||
<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5C3F05FCA84A7BFC69C8A4" box="[851,917,1910,1935]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pinus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5C3F05FC584A7BFC19C8A4" box="[931,997,1910,1935]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Picea</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5C3F05FC084A7BFBCCC8A4" box="[1011,1072,1910,1935]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Larix</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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) (
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<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5C3F05FBB04A78FB49C8A4" box="[1099,1205,1909,1935]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
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||
). The basic biology, life history and associated blue-stain fungi have been described by
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5C3F05FC704A94FB5FC898" author="Schmutzenhofer, H." box="[907,1187,1945,1971]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="345 - 355" refId="ref16276" refString="Schmutzenhofer, H. (1988 a) Mass outbreaks of Ips bark beetles in Bhutan and the revision of the genus Ips de Geer for the Himalayan region. In: Payne, T. L. & Saarenmaa, H. (Eds.), Proceedings of the IUFRO Working Pary and XVII International Congress of Entomology Symposium ' Integrated Control of Scolytid Bark Beetles', Vancouver, B. C., Canada, July 4, 1988, pp. 345 - 355." type="book chapter" year="1988">Schmutzenhofer (1988a)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5C3F05FB544A94FF1EC8FC" author="Eidmann, H. H. & Wiersma, N." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="411 - 417" refId="ref13058" refString="Eidmann, H. H. & Wiersma, N. (1989) Development and reproduction in the East Himalaya spruce bark beetle. Journal of Applied Entomology, 107, 411 - 417. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0418.1989. tb 00276. x" type="journal article" year="1989">Eidmann & Wiersma (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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||
and
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5C3F05FEE04AB0FDF8C8FC" author="Kirisits, T. & Wingfield, M. J. & Chhetri, D. B." box="[283,516,1981,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref14396" refString="Kirisits, T., Wingfield, M. J. & Chhetri, D. B. (2002) Studies on the association of blue-stain fungi with the Eastern Himalayan spruce bark beetle (Ips schmutzenhoferi) and with other bark beetles in Bhutan. Yusipang Report 2002 / 02, 1 - 88." type="book chapter" year="2002">
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||
Kirisits
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5C3F05FE8E4AB3FE53C8FC" box="[373,431,1981,2007]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2002)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
. The components of the aggregation pheromone have been analysed by
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5C3F04FACC4AB0FE82CF9A" author="Eidmann, H. H. & Birgersson, G." lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="147 - 148" refId="ref13010" refString="Eidmann, H. H. & Birgersson, G. (1988) Semiochemicals in the East Himalaya spruce bark beetle. Anzeiger fur Schadlingskunde, Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz, 61, 147 - 148. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01905990" type="journal article" year="1988">Eidmann & Birgersson (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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||
and
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5D3F04FE4E4D9AFD60CF9A" author="Kohnle, U. & Schmutzenhofer, H. & Bartels, J. & Francke, W." box="[437,668,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="46 - 57" refId="ref14637" refString="Kohnle, U., Schmutzenhofer, H., Bartels, J. & Francke, W. (1988) Oxygenated terpenes in the chemical communication system of the bark beetle, Ips schmutzenhoferi (Col. Scolytidae), a species recently described for the Southeastern Himalaya. Journal of Applied Entomology, 106, 46 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0418.1988. tb 00562. x" type="journal article" year="1988">
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Kohnle
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5D3F04FDF44D9AFDBBCF9A" box="[527,583,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1988)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
. It tends to breed at higher altitudes (
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||
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||
) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5D3F04FAE34D9AFE4FCFFE" authority="(Schmutzenhofer 1988 a)" baseAuthorityName="Schmutzenhofer" baseAuthorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5D3F04FAE34D9AFA60CF9A" box="[1304,1436,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">I. longifolia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5D3F04FF654DB6FE57CFFE" author="Schmutzenhofer, H." box="[158,427,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="345 - 355" refId="ref16276" refString="Schmutzenhofer, H. (1988 a) Mass outbreaks of Ips bark beetles in Bhutan and the revision of the genus Ips de Geer for the Himalayan region. In: Payne, T. L. & Saarenmaa, H. (Eds.), Proceedings of the IUFRO Working Pary and XVII International Congress of Entomology Symposium ' Integrated Control of Scolytid Bark Beetles', Vancouver, B. C., Canada, July 4, 1988, pp. 345 - 355." type="book chapter" year="1988">Schmutzenhofer 1988a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is an aggressive species capable of killing trees through mass attacks. The history, causes and extent of the outbreak in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D1C4F38D6E5D3F04FD704DD2FD20CFD2" box="[651,732,223,249]" name="Bhutan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the 1980’s leading to extensive mortality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5D3F04FB114DD2FA60CFD2" box="[1258,1436,223,249]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5D3F04FB114DD2FA60CFD2" box="[1258,1436,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Picea spinulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5D3F04FF324C0EFE69CE36" box="[201,405,259,285]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wallichiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5D3F04FF324C0EFE69CE36" box="[201,405,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pinus wallichiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5D3F04FD914C0EFC78CE36" author="Schmutzenhofer, H." box="[618,900,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="345 - 355" refId="ref16276" refString="Schmutzenhofer, H. (1988 a) Mass outbreaks of Ips bark beetles in Bhutan and the revision of the genus Ips de Geer for the Himalayan region. In: Payne, T. L. & Saarenmaa, H. (Eds.), Proceedings of the IUFRO Working Pary and XVII International Congress of Entomology Symposium ' Integrated Control of Scolytid Bark Beetles', Vancouver, B. C., Canada, July 4, 1988, pp. 345 - 355." type="book chapter" year="1988">Schmutzenhofer (1988a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5D3F04FC694C0EFBC0CE36" author="Chhetri, D. B." box="[914,1084,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="68 - 72" refId="ref12329" refString="Chhetri, D. B. (1991) History of bark beetle outbreak in western Bhutan. Tsenden, 3 (1), 68 - 72." type="journal article" year="1991">Chhetri (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5D3F04FB804C0EFA9ACE36" author="Kirisits, T. & Wingfield, M. J. & Chhetri, D. B." box="[1147,1382,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref14396" refString="Kirisits, T., Wingfield, M. J. & Chhetri, D. B. (2002) Studies on the association of blue-stain fungi with the Eastern Himalayan spruce bark beetle (Ips schmutzenhoferi) and with other bark beetles in Bhutan. Yusipang Report 2002 / 02, 1 - 88." type="book chapter" year="2002">
|
||
Kirisits
|
||
<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5D3F04FB2D4C0EFAECCE36" box="[1238,1296,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2002)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and control methods suggested.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |