298 lines
33 KiB
XML
298 lines
33 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7F6BDBCCDFE8BB2EC88E38D9F9266140">The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C5B451A08F44D9447B04B86BE3FCAF15" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="90D9B9EBB9D517C420395CDB96E402F3">Gravili, Cinzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FE32051446DEDA278671A1CDFEE23BC6">Vito, Doris De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B2211A7A5D11113A7BE4F8C991CAF6CA">Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D9EBFA8DBE9B8421D4E7ED243421141B">Martell, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8B9FC4D9E4FA55F1584ABC6B531F55B0">Piraino, Stefano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C939CCE5F1376A678B17976B5E8D1D2E">Boero, Ferdinando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="60CFC81D41260B9329678C2A379B7AB6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B6A56B1C5BF317D067437C9B027C76FC">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="29BE94AB299C5091CC2198F514BB0CBE">3908</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F887DEFFDAFF949CD60C9DD611FC3A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6107001" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591028" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6107001" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887DEFFDAFF949CD60C9DD611FC3A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887DEFFDAFF949CD60C9DD611FC3A" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFDAFF959CD60C9DD546FB82" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDAFF959CD60C9DD56BFC38" blockId="44.[151,594,980,1039]" box="[151,594,980,1006]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="D0A681A4FFDAFF959CD60C9DD56BFC38" bold="true" box="[151,594,980,1006]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDAFF959CD60C9DD56BFC38" ID-CoL="66FT2" authority="Mayer, 1900" authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,594,980,1006]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" genus="Amphinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosum">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDAFF959CD60C9DD56BFC38" bold="true" box="[151,594,980,1006]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDAFF959CD60C9DD6A7FC38" bold="true" box="[151,414,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Amphinema rugosum</emphasis>
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(Mayer, 1900)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDAFF959CD60CBFD622FBD9" blockId="44.[151,594,980,1039]" box="[151,283,1014,1039]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<figureCitation id="136A2A4DFFDAFF959CD60CBFD7DFFBD9" box="[151,230,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[313,1249,1073,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[297,1289,1060,1967]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 30. Amphinema rugosum: A, fragment of a hydroid colony with medusa buds; B, nematocysts; C, adult medusa (A – B drawn by F. Boero; C redrawn and modified after Russell 1953 by C. G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: A, C, 1.0 mm; B, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242759/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
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A–C
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDAFF959CD60B77D546FB82" blockId="44.[151,639,1086,1108]" box="[151,639,1086,1108]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">See Schuchert (2007) for a complete synonymy.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFDAFF959CD60BC8D688FB68" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDAFF959CD60BC8D688FB68" blockId="44.[151,1437,1153,2006]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDAFF959CD60BC8D6B4FB4C" bold="true" box="[151,397,1153,1178]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Material examined.</emphasis>
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HCUS-S 0 35 (Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula)—polyp stage.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFDAFF949C860B80D3EAFE23" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDAFF959C860B80D255FB34" blockId="44.[151,1437,1153,2006]" box="[199,1388,1225,1250]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDAFF959C860B80D668FB34" bold="true" box="[199,337,1225,1250]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Description</emphasis>
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(based on our own observations;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDAFF959E8A0B83D483FB34" author="Rees" box="[715,954,1225,1250]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Rees, W. J. & Russell, F. S. (1937) On rearing the hydroids of certain medusae, with an account of the methods used. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 22 (1), 61 - 82. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400011875" type="journal article" year="1937">Rees & Russell 1937</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDAFF959F870B80D363FB34" author="Russell" box="[966,1114,1225,1250]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Russell, F. S. (1953) The medusae of the British Isles, Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, Limnomedusae, Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae. London, Cambridge University Press, 530 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 119.3095.562" type="book" year="1953">Russell 1953</bibRefCitation>
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; Schuchert 2007, 2012):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDAFF959C860BA4D423FA6C" blockId="44.[151,1437,1153,2006]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDAFF959C860BA4D60AFAD0" bold="true" box="[199,307,1261,1286]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Hydroid.</emphasis>
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Hydrorhiza as creeping stolons; colonies stolonal; hydrocauli unbranched or slightly branched, perisarc extending to the middle of the hydranth body where it adheres to polyp with a well marked end, often covered by detritus, with 2–5 annulations at hydrocauli base; hydranths fusiform; hypostome dome-shaped; 8–12 amphicoronate filiform oral tentacles in one whorl; medusa buds covered by thin perisarc, borne on pedicels shorter than bud height, arising from stolons and hydrocauli, 1–3 buds per hydrocaulus. Colours: perisarc horn coloured, hydranths and coenosarc bright reddish orange.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDAFF959C860A8CD7EFF9D4" blockId="44.[151,1437,1153,2006]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDAFF959C860A8CD65AFA08" bold="true" box="[199,355,1477,1502]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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Habitat
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<typeStatus id="54EA886AFFDAFF959D680A8CD667FA08" box="[297,350,1477,1502]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Rocky cliffs and concretions, depth range: 0.5–
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<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFDAFF959F390A8CD489FA0B" box="[888,944,1477,1502]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDAFF959FFF0A8FD399FA08" author="Boero" box="[958,1184,1477,1502]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
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||
; Puce
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDAFF9598A90A8FD226FA08" box="[1256,1311,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
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2009; own data).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDAFF959C860944D7DAF99C" blockId="44.[151,1437,1153,2006]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDAFF959C860944D678F9F0" bold="true" box="[199,321,1549,1574]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Substrate.</emphasis>
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The polyp stage occurs on a variety of hard substrata (algae, sponge, bryozoa, mussels, polychaetes tubes).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDAFF959C86091CD647F944" blockId="44.[151,1437,1153,2006]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDAFF959C86091CD66DF9B8" bold="true" box="[199,340,1621,1646]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Seasonality.</emphasis>
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In the Mediterranean Sea from January to December (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDAFF959FF7091FD3A0F9B8" author="Boero" box="[950,1177,1621,1646]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
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; De Vito 2006; Puce
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDAFF9599C9091FD78DF944" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
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2009; this study).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDAFF959C8609D4D7D1F92B" blockId="44.[151,1437,1153,2006]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDAFF959C8609D4D6FDF960" bold="true" box="[199,452,1693,1718]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Reproductive period.</emphasis>
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In the Ligurian Sea, fertile colonies occur from July to September, November (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDAFF95997809D7D62FF90C" author="Boero" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
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), and in April (Puce
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDAFF959E50098BD574F90C" box="[529,589,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
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2009); from August to November (De Vito 2006; this study) in Salento waters.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDAFF949C860840D629FF2E" blockId="44.[151,1437,1153,2006]" lastBlockId="45.[151,1437,151,1005]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDAFF959C860840D614F8F4" bold="true" box="[199,301,1801,1826]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Medusa.</emphasis>
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Adult. Umbrella bell-shaped, up to
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<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFDAFF959E8D0840D437F8F7" box="[716,782,1801,1826]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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high, slightly higher than wide, mesoglea uniformly thin besides top, with a large conical to hemispherical apical projection and slight perradial furrows in top umbrella; manubrium flask-shaped, cruciform in section, reaching almost umbrella margin; mouth cruciform, with 4 prominent, slightly recurved lips; 4 broad radial canals with jagged and smooth margins; 8 gonads in adradial pairs, with 3–4 characteristic folds directed interradially; 2 diametrically opposed, large, hollow, conical, tapering and very long bulbs; each bulb with one very long tentacle, up to ten times bell size, with 14–24 small marginal tentaculae; without ocelli. Colours: marginal tentacle bulbs and stomach rich brownish yellow to orange, with central masses of deep purple-brown pigment; cores of two marginal tentacles ochre; marginal tentaculae colourless.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDBFF949C860E4DD3B0FE5E" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Developmental stages. Newly released medusa spherical, with small apical projection, exumbrella with scattered nematocysts; manubrium half the length of the subumbrellar cavity; with 2 opposite marginal tentacular bulbs, each bearing one tentacle, with or without 2 small opposite perradial tiny tentacles (tentaculae). Colours: tentacle bulbs reddish-orange, with slight tinge of yellow, stomach bright ochreish yellow.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDBFF949C860EDDD5CBFE06" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF949C860EDDD65EFE7B" bold="true" box="[199,359,404,429]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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Habitat
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<typeStatus id="54EA886AFFDBFF949D6C0EDDD65BFE7B" box="[301,354,404,429]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The medusa of this species lives generally in the deeper water layers below
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<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFDBFF9498B10EDDD216FE7A" box="[1264,1327,404,428]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
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, but may migrate right to the surface at night (Schuchert 2007).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDBFF949C860E95D3EAFE23" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[199,1235,476,501]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF949C860E95D602FE23" bold="true" box="[199,315,476,501]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Cnidome.</emphasis>
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Desmonemes and microbasic euryteles (hydroid); microbasic euryteles (medusa).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFDBFF949C860EB6D5E3FD1B" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDBFF949C860EB6D7D9FD52" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF949C860EB6D659FDCE" bold="true" box="[199,352,511,536]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Atlantic, Indo-Pacific, Mediterranean (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949F630D49D488FDCE" author="Mayer" box="[802,945,512,536]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910) Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae. Vol. I & II. Washington, Carnegie Institution, 735 pp." type="book" year="1910">Mayer 1910</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949FFE0EB6D36DFDCE" author="Uchida" box="[959,1108,511,536]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Uchida, T. (1927) Studies on Japanese hydromedusae. I. Anthomedusae. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Section IV, Zoology, 1 (3), 145 - 241." type="journal article" year="1927">Uchida 1927</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF9498230EB6D3C1FDCE" author="Russell" box="[1122,1272,511,536]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Russell, F. S. (1953) The medusae of the British Isles, Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, Limnomedusae, Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae. London, Cambridge University Press, 530 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 119.3095.562" type="book" year="1953">Russell 1953</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF9499470D49D2A1FDCE" author="Kramp" box="[1286,1432,511,536]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1959) The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana-Report, 46, 1 - 283." type="journal article" year="1959">Kramp 1959</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949CD60D6DD7E8FDEB" author="Kramp" box="[151,209,548,573]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 1 - 469. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400007347" type="journal article" year="1961">1961</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949C9C0D6DD621FDEB" author="Kramp" box="[221,280,548,573]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1965) The Hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Dana Report, 63, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949D640D6DD6FBFDEB" author="Allwein" box="[293,450,548,573]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Allwein, J. (1968) Seasonal occurrence of Hydromedusae at Helsingor, Denmark 67. Ophelia, 5 (2), 207 - 214. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00785326.6812.10407610" type="journal article" year="1968">Allwein 1968</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949D8F0D6DD54AFDEA" author="Bouillon" box="[462,627,548,573]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Bouillon, J. (1980) Hydromeduses de la Mer de Bismarck. (Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie 3: Anthomedusae - Filifera (Hydrozoa - Cnidaria). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 21 (3), 307 - 344." type="journal article" year="1980">Bouillon 1980</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949EC10D6DD4BFFDEB" author="Wedler" box="[640,902,548,573]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Wedler, E. & Larson, R. (1986) Athecate hydroids from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 21 (1 - 2), 69 - 101. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650528609360698" type="journal article" year="1986">Wedler & Larson 1986</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949FD30D6DD37DFDEA" author="Goy" box="[914,1092,548,573]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Goy, J., Lakkis, S. & Zeidane, R. (1990) Les Meduses de la Mediterranee orientale. In: Godeaux, J. (Ed.), A propos des migrations lessepsiennes. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco, No. Spec. 7, pp. 79 - 88." type="journal article" year="1990">
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Goy
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF949F8B0D6CD33AFDEB" box="[970,1027,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
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1990
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF9498100D6DD3B5FDEA" author="Goy" box="[1105,1164,548,572]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Goy, J., Lakkis, S. & Zeidane, R. (1991) Les meduses (Cnidaria) des eaux Libanaises. The medusae Cnidaria of Lebanese waters. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco, 67 (2), 99 - 128." type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
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; Cornelius 1992;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF9499150D6DD689FDB6" author="Medel" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Medel, M. D. & Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (1996) Updated catalogue of the Hydrozoans from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with remarks on zoogeography and affinities. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1996">Medel & López-González 1996</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949DFD0D0ED560FDB6" author="Migotto" box="[444,601,583,608]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949E240D0ED421FDB6" author="Schuchert" box="[613,792,583,608]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Schuchert, P. (1996) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Athecate hydroids and their medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 106, 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="1996">Schuchert 1996</bibRefCitation>
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||
, 2007;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949F2A0D0ED373FDB6" author="Gravili" box="[875,1098,583,608]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF949F800D00D4C3FDB6" box="[961,1018,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF9498140D0ED220FDB6" author="Morri" box="[1109,1305,583,608]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Morri, C., Puce, S., Bianchi, C. N., Bitar, G., Zibrowius, H. & Bavestrello, G. (2009) Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Levant Sea (mainly Lebanon), with emphasis on alien species. Journal of the Marine Bioogical Association of the United Kingdom, 89 (1), 49 - 62. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315408002749" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Morri
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF9498DF0D00D3EFFDB6" box="[1182,1238,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Puce
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF9499220D00D2A5FDB6" box="[1379,1436,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDBFF949C860DC6D5E3FD1B" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF949C860DC6D68DFD7E" bold="true" box="[199,436,655,680]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Records in Salento.</emphasis>
|
||
Rare at: Grotta del Ciolo (Denitto
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF949F130DD8D4BFFD7E" box="[850,902,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007); Otranto (De Vito 2006; Gravili 2006;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949CD60DFDD64CFD1A" author="Gravili" box="[151,373,692,717]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF949CAC0DFCD61CFD1B" box="[237,293,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949D3E0DFDD56BFD1A" author="Piraino" box="[383,594,692,717]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Brodbeck, E., Di Camillo, G. C., Fanelli, G. & Boero, F. (2013) Destructive standard squares or lowimpact visually driven collection? A comparison of methods for quantitative samplings of benthic hydrozoans. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (3), 424 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2013.787461" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Piraino
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF949D960DFCD529FD1B" box="[471,528,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFDBFF949C860D9ED387FC8B" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDBFF949C860D9ED387FC8B" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF949C860D9ED602FD26" bold="true" box="[199,315,727,752]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Prior to life cycle investigation,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDBFF949EED0D9ED4A5FD26" box="[684,924,727,752]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" genus="Amphinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF949EED0D9ED4A5FD26" box="[684,924,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Amphinema rugosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was frequently confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFDBFF9498B40D91D251FD26" box="[1269,1384,727,752]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" genus="Amphinema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dinema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF9498B40D91D251FD26" box="[1269,1384,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">A. dinema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949CD60DB4D6ACFCC2" author="Rees" box="[151,405,764,789]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Rees, W. J. & Russell, F. S. (1937) On rearing the hydroids of certain medusae, with an account of the methods used. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 22 (1), 61 - 82. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400011875" type="journal article" year="1937">Rees & Russell, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). While it is not possible to distinguish the hydroids of the two species in the absence of medusa buds (see Schuchert 2007), or genetic data, the medusae and hydroids with medusa buds are readily differentiated. Only the hydroid stage and the new born medusa were seen in the present study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFDBFF949C860C2ED611FC3A" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFDBFF949C860C2ED611FC3A" blockId="45.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF949C860C2ED669FC56" bold="true" box="[199,336,871,896]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">References.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949D190C21D562FC56" author="Rees" box="[344,603,871,896]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Rees, W. J. & Russell, F. S. (1937) On rearing the hydroids of certain medusae, with an account of the methods used. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 22 (1), 61 - 82. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400011875" type="journal article" year="1937">Rees & Russell (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949E280C2ED429FC56" author="Russell" box="[617,784,871,896]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Russell, F. S. (1953) The medusae of the British Isles, Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, Limnomedusae, Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae. London, Cambridge University Press, 530 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 119.3095.562" type="book" year="1953">Russell (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949F5C0C21D4CEFC56" box="[797,1015,871,896]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Roper, D. S., Simons, M. S. & Jones, M. B. (1983) Distribution of zooplankton in the Avon-Heathcote estuary, Christchurch. New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research, 17 (3), 267 - 278. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00288330.1983.9516002" type="journal article">
|
||
Roper
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF949F280C20D49AFC56" box="[873,931,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1983)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF9498450C21D3C2FC56" author="Boero" box="[1028,1275,871,896]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Brinckmann-
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949CD60CC4D61AFC72" author="Voss" box="[151,291,908,932]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1987) Seasonal distribution of hydromedusae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Gulf of Naples and vicinity, with observations on sexual and asexual reproduction in some species. In: Bouillon, J., Boero, F., Cicogna, F. & Cornelius, P. F. S. (Eds.), Modern trends in the Systematics, Ecology and Evolution of Hydroids and Hydromedusae. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 133 - 141." type="book chapter" year="1987">Voss (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949D750CC5D6D7FC73" author="Bouillon" box="[308,494,908,933]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Bouillon, J. (1995) Hydromedusae of the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 22 (2), 223 - 238. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1995.9518038" type="journal article" year="1995">Bouillon (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949DBF0CC5D587FC73" author="Schuchert" box="[510,702,908,933]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Schuchert, P. (1996) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Athecate hydroids and their medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 106, 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="1996">Schuchert (1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2007, 2012),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949F2A0CC5D324FC73" author="Migotto" box="[875,1053,908,933]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF9498DA0CC4D3E1FC73" box="[1179,1240,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004), De Vito (2006), Gravili (2006), Denitto
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF949DBD0CF8D50DFC1E" box="[508,564,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949ED40CE6D4BCFC1E" box="[661,901,943,968]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF949EAD0CF8D41CFC1E" box="[748,805,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF949FD30CE6D351FC1E" box="[914,1128,943,968]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Morri, C., Puce, S., Bianchi, C. N., Bitar, G., Zibrowius, H. & Bavestrello, G. (2009) Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Levant Sea (mainly Lebanon), with emphasis on alien species. Journal of the Marine Bioogical Association of the United Kingdom, 89 (1), 49 - 62. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315408002749" type="journal article">
|
||
Morri
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF949F9B0CF8D335FC1E" box="[986,1036,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Puce
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF9498F30CF8D3DAFC1E" box="[1202,1251,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFDBFF94990A0CE6D61AFC3A" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Piraino, S., De Vito, D., Brodbeck, E., Di Camillo, G. C., Fanelli, G. & Boero, F. (2013) Destructive standard squares or lowimpact visually driven collection? A comparison of methods for quantitative samplings of benthic hydrozoans. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (3), 424 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2013.787461" type="journal article">
|
||
Piraino
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFDBFF949CD60C9CD7F6FC3B" box="[151,207,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |