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<document id="169C7B6909C8CB922B2BD01D5754AFB4" ID-DOI="10.1080/0022293021000053867" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5258902" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629912489396" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Tsai, Chu-Fa, Tsai, Su-Chen &amp; Shen, Huei-Ping" docDate="2004" docId="51016B2AFFCDFFEEFDF0FD1FD1CAFD41" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.38.7.877-887.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 38 (7)" docSource="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0022293021000053867" docStyle="DocumentStyle:443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138.2:JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138" docStyleName="JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Metaphire taiwanensis Tsai &amp; Tsai &amp; Shen 2004, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="881" masterDocId="AD381352FFCFFFEBFF97FF8CD53FFFAA" masterDocTitle="A new gigantic earthworm of the genus Metaphire Sims and Easton (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) from Taiwan with reference to evolutional trends in body sizes and segment numbers of the Pheretima genus-group" masterLastPageNumber="887" masterPageNumber="877" pageNumber="878" updateTime="1699127556673" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="19CDEEA23E669ACC8802CA222B6F3689" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="E5366909EE64BAFDCF1D8A6FD19B0B47">
<mods:title id="89E62AE77AB98359B20DC17370531535">A new gigantic earthworm of the genus Metaphire Sims and Easton (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) from Taiwan with reference to evolutional trends in body sizes and segment numbers of the Pheretima genus-group</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="5DB0967CAD381F95C23910A23CFD8319" type="personal">
<mods:role id="60D4ACC0E5B39E6DAB6BA1C0A5C10170">
<mods:roleTerm id="EC19E39EA3F8535C15626E7EC8935CD9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9173F7EAD0BDACB46D2F7CC861417105">Tsai, Chu-Fa</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9066A38D90E8EF548231BE61156E587C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5EC9EEB3BFB4619BB5E6B4BF2ABF2E08">
<mods:roleTerm id="8DA428F4659F4F5978F9743440B254A2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C13275BFA338F8E9F33423D99CD32721">Tsai, Su-Chen</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8A5F3D82901BEFB0FF43A1CFF550250E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AF3CC3647FCC9A97167085C06B212E63">
<mods:roleTerm id="D73D9576F72F9D6563C055BF92472413">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9F438BB65ECDA5EAF92863EAFBC94F9B">Shen, Huei-Ping</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="D0CA905B273DB26B0CA9756EB284480C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="D6B37A2CA6383CD436A205D380EDA730" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="917FD7E66C4FD67CE598B3AFA353C5DB">
<mods:title id="5C06A9F13447A89C9F4A261FBF4DE27A">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="68F1ADEFD67CFDC031D284B2965C8966">
<mods:date id="A0780DD5DBE670C3AB1B6D9BEEF0D2A9">2004</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="CD43FA9F659E9E37C80830569C460D1C" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="3664F8E21EF03D328FF6F52262ECBB28">2004-10-10</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="BBBE6BAED96654ECFC8963E5B4D5597C" type="volume">
<mods:number id="296338984351DCAAE0ED4F6EE5384488">38</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="BDAA35D8E2C073E0BEEBE42E81B8359E" type="issue">
<mods:number id="CD1671CC1FEC087ADB8BDBC2F3963CEB">7</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="17A4B1273E5DBE73C803627C4A918EF9">877</mods:start>
<mods:end id="5F260AE32981747F361AAB33332674FA">887</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
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<mods:location id="DCF3604C2E904A2D115B3C946B8F1852">
<mods:url id="D767E0FD11E86F52D1A94DAD7553F691">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0022293021000053867</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="7F8B10A7292A5680FA8C86EC0AFA488B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6B87287341ED8DF43C15CB504EA50CD5" type="DOI">10.1080/0022293021000053867</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EC38CCD35DC2A049159022989373B1A8" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1A225F4181DA654C10FBC1EB4BB5B9A3" type="Zenodo-Dep">5258902</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="51016B2AFFCDFFEEFDF0FD1FD1CAFD41" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51016B2AFFCDFFEEFDF0FD1FD1CAFD41" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/51016B2AFFCDFFEEFDF0FD1FD1CAFD41" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="881" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">
<subSubSection id="91B289B7FFCDFFE9FDF0FD1FD674FD61" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D917DA3CFFCDFFE9FDF0FD1FD6F9FD01" blockId="2.[615,966,659,715]" box="[615,966,659,683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">
<heading id="825F6D50FFCDFFE9FDF0FD1FD6F9FD01" box="[615,966,659,683]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="1EA8A1BFFFCDFFE9FDF0FD1FD65DFD01" authority="Tsai &amp; Tsai &amp; Shen, 2004" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Tsai &amp; Shen" authorityYear="2004" box="[615,866,659,683]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="taiwanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCDFFE9FDF0FD1FD65DFD01" bold="true" box="[615,866,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">Metaphire taiwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0EFBB55FFCDFFE9FCFCFD18D6F9FD01" box="[875,966,660,683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D917DA3CFFCDFFE9FD75FD3FD674FD61" blockId="2.[615,966,659,715]" box="[738,843,691,715]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">(figure 1)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91B289B7FFCDFFEEFEAEFD78D1CAFD41" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="881" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D917DA3CFFCDFFE9FEAEFD78D4E9FCA1" blockId="2.[313,1268,755,875]" box="[313,470,755,779]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCDFFE9FEAEFD78D4E9FCA1" box="[313,470,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">
<typeStatus id="0613649EFFCDFFE9FEAEFD78D44EFCA1" box="[313,369,756,779]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D917DA3CFFCDFFE9FEF6FC9FD7E5FCC1" blockId="2.[313,1268,755,875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">
H
<materialsCitation id="69C0D061FFCDFFE9FE36FC9FD499FCC1" collectingDate="1999-05-29" collectionCode="T" elevation="1800" location="Central Mountain Range" municipality="Mt Beidongyan" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nantou" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="BFB942F9FFCDFFE9FE36FC9FD490FC81" box="[417,431,787,811]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="2" pageNumber="878"></collectionCode>
: a mature (clitellate) specimen (dissected) collected
<date id="AD16FCFCFFCDFFE9FBB5FC9FD18AFC81" box="[1058,1205,787,811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" value="1999-05-29">
<collectingDate id="BD520514FFCDFFE9FBB5FC9FD18AFC81" box="[1058,1205,787,811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" value="1999-05-29">29 May 1999</collectingDate>
</date>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="39734046FFCDFFE9FEAEFCBFD4D1FCE1" box="[313,494,819,843]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">Mt Beidongyan</collectingMunicipality>
(
<elevation id="52853D0FFFCDFFE9FD97FCBFD7FBFCE1" box="[512,708,819,843]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" unit="m" value="1800.0">
elevation
<quantity id="1E5077D9FFCDFFE9FDE4FCBFD7FBFCE1" box="[627,708,819,843]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
</elevation>
) west of the
<location id="DC778CE7FFCDFFE9FCF3FCBFD1B2FCE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51016B2AFFCDFFEEFDF0FD1FD1CAFD41:DC778CE7FFCDFFE9FCF3FCBFD1B2FCE1" box="[868,1165,819,843]" municipality="Mt Beidongyan" name="Central Mountain Range" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" stateProvince="Nantou">Central Mountain Range</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="1B6C14DEFFCDFFE9FB0BFCBFD1CBFCE0" box="[1180,1268,819,842]" country="Taiwan" name="Nantou" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">Nantou</collectingRegion>
Co. by C
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="69C0D061FFCDFFE9FE24FCDFD7EAFCC1" box="[435,725,851,875]" collectionCode="T" location="Yao" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nantou" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="BFB942F9FFCDFFE9FE24FCDFD4F7FCC0" box="[435,456,851,874]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">T</collectionCode>
.
<location id="DC778CE7FFCDFFE9FE42FCDFD73BFCC0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51016B2AFFCDFFEEFDF0FD1FD1CAFD41:DC778CE7FFCDFFE9FE42FCDFD73BFCC0" box="[469,516,851,874]" name="Yao" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" stateProvince="Nantou">Yao</location>
(coll. no. 1999-9)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D917DA3CFFCDFFE9FEAEFC1ED4E1FC00" blockId="2.[313,1269,914,1066]" box="[313,478,914,938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCDFFE9FEAEFC1ED4E1FC00" box="[313,478,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D917DA3CFFCDFFE9FEF6FC3ED1FBFB80" blockId="2.[313,1269,914,1066]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">
<materialsCitation id="69C0D061FFCDFFE9FEF6FC3ED1FFFB80" collectingDate="1994-07" collectingDateMax="1999-10-19" collectingDateMin="1994-07" collectionCode="T" collectorName="C. F. Tsai &amp; S. C. Tsai &amp; H. P. Shen" elevation="2100" location="Yao" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-immature="1" stateProvince="Nantou">
One mature specimen (dissected) collected
<date id="AD16FCFCFFCDFFE9FCC2FC3ED6FCFC60" box="[853,963,946,970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" value="1994-07">
<collectingDate id="BD520514FFCDFFE9FCC2FC3ED6FCFC60" box="[853,963,946,970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" value="1994-07">July 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
from the same locality as the holotype by C.
<collectionCode id="BFB942F9FFCDFFE9FDB8FC5FD77BFC40" box="[559,580,979,1002]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">T</collectionCode>
. Yao (coll. no. 1999-23-Shen);
<specimenCount id="CFAE11B5FFCDFFE9FC53FC5FD157FC40" box="[964,1128,978,1002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" type="immature">one immature</specimenCount>
(aclitellate) specimen (dissected) collected on
<date id="AD16FCFCFFCDFFE9FD20FC7ED64DFBA0" box="[695,882,1010,1034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" value="1999-10-19">
<collectingDate id="BD520514FFCDFFE9FD20FC7ED64DFBA0" box="[695,882,1010,1034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" value="1999-10-19">19 October 1999</collectingDate>
</date>
from Meifeng (
<elevation id="52853D0FFFCDFFE9FBB2FC7ED1D8FBA0" box="[1061,1255,1010,1034]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" unit="m" value="2100.0">
elevation
<quantity id="1E5077D9FFCDFFE9FB03FC7ED1D8FBA0" box="[1172,1255,1010,1034]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
</elevation>
),
<collectingRegion id="1B6C14DEFFCDFFE9FEAEFB9ED4AEFB83" box="[313,401,1042,1065]" country="Taiwan" name="Nantou" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">Nantou</collectingRegion>
Co. by
<collectorName id="745DBFEAFFCDFFE9FE67FB9ED757FB80" box="[496,616,1042,1066]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">C. F. Tsai</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="745DBFEAFFCDFFE9FDE1FB9ED7D7FB80" box="[630,744,1042,1066]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">S. C. Tsai</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="745DBFEAFFCDFFE9FCB3FB9ED69DFB80" box="[804,930,1042,1066]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">H. P. Shen</collectorName>
(coll. no. 1999-16-Shen)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D917DA3CFFCDFFE9FEAEFBDED72AFBC0" blockId="2.[313,1269,1106,1736]" box="[313,533,1106,1130]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCDFFE9FEAEFBDED72AFBC0" box="[313,533,1106,1130]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">External characters</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D917DA3CFFCDFFE9FEF6FBFED1BFFAC3" blockId="2.[313,1269,1106,1736]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">
Large earthworms, length (mature)
<quantity id="1E5077D9FFCDFFE9FD6AFBFDD6B0FB23" box="[765,911,1137,1162]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.459999999999999" metricValueMax="6.55" metricValueMin="6.37" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" unit="mm" value="646.0" valueMax="655.0" valueMin="637.0">637–655 mm</quantity>
, clitellum width 16.1–17.2 mm, weight
<quantity id="1E5077D9FFCDFFE9FE19FB1ED73EFB00" box="[398,513,1170,1194]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" metricValueMax="1.21" metricValueMin="1.01" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" unit="g" value="111.0" valueMax="121.0" valueMin="101.0">101–121 g</quantity>
. Prostomium prolobous. Number of segments 185–228. Number of annuli (secondary segmentation) per segment three in
<collectionCode id="BFB942F9FFCDFFE9FC54FB3ED6E8FB63" box="[963,983,1202,1225]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
–XIII and on the ventrolateral portion of some body segments. Setae short, numerous,
<quantity id="1E5077D9FFCDFFE9FBA0FB5DD186FB43" box="[1079,1209,1233,1257]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5085" metricValueMax="4.7752" metricValueMin="4.2418" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" unit="in" value="177.5" valueMax="188.0" valueMin="167.0">167–188 in</quantity>
VII,
<quantity id="1E5077D9FFCDFFE9FEAEFB7CD48BFAA3" box="[313,436,1264,1289]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" metricValueMax="3.683" metricValueMin="3.429" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" unit="in" value="140.0" valueMax="145.0" valueMin="135.0">135–145 in</quantity>
XX, 24 between male pores. First dorsal pore in 12/13 or 13/14. Clitellum XIV–XVI, smooth, setae absent, length 16.45–19.85 mm. Spermathecal pores four pairs in 5/6–8/9, minute, inside segmental furrows, invisible externally. Female pore single in medio-ventral in XIV, large, swollen, pale in colour (figure 1A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D917DA3CFFCDFFE9FEF6FAFDD1E1F922" blockId="2.[313,1269,1106,1736]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">
Male pores (opening of copulatory pouches) small, paired, ventro-lateral in XVIII, the distance between the pores 0.27–0.29 circumference apart, slightly elevated (figure 1A). Each pore L-shaped, bordered laterally and posteriorly by a thick skin-cover with folds, medially by porophore, and anteriorly by a genital pad. Porophore circular in shape, top flat, tuberculated densely in
<typeStatus id="0613649EFFCDFFE9FB81FA7CD143F9A2" box="[1046,1148,1520,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="878" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, and with five small tubercles in the other clitellate specimen. Male aperture inconspicuous. Genital pad flat, oval in shape, as large as or larger than porophore. Porophore and genital pad surrounded by circular folds, which extend anteriorly to 17/18 and posteriorly to 18/19 (figure 1A, B). The male pore region swollen, pale in colour.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D917DA3CFFCDFFE8FEF6F91CD6E6FA83" blockId="2.[313,1269,1106,1736]" lastBlockId="3.[313,1268,1265,1321]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="879" pageId="2" pageNumber="878">Preserved specimens bluish brown around the head (preclitellar) region. Clitellum dark bluish brown on dorsum, greyish brown on ventrum, and its segmental borders (furrows) pale grey lines, as if the clitellum is divided into three segments. Body bluish brown on dorsum, light greyish brown on ventrum.</paragraph>
<caption id="8DD78AB4FFCCFFE8FEAEFBA3D7E3FB05" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5258904" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5258904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5258904/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="879" startId="3.[313,329,1071,1092]" targetBox="[316,1266,181,1042]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="D917DA3CFFCCFFE8FEAEFBA3D7E3FB05" blockId="3.[313,1268,1071,1199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="879">
F. 1.
<taxonomicName id="1EA8A1BFFFCCFFE8FE02FBA3D74BFBEF" authority="Tsai &amp; Tsai &amp; Shen, 2004" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Tsai &amp; Shen" authorityYear="2004" box="[405,628,1071,1093]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="3" pageNumber="879" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="taiwanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCCFFE8FE02FBA3D74BFBEF" box="[405,628,1071,1093]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="879">Metaphire taiwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0EFBB55FFCCFFE8FDECFBA3D7F3FBEE" box="[635,716,1071,1092]" pageId="3" pageNumber="879" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype (637 mm): (A) ventral view of clitellum and male pore regions (fp, female pore; gp, genital pad; p, porophore); (B) left male pore region (sk, skin cover); (C) right spermathecae (dv, diverticulum; amp, ampulla); (D) dorsal view of testis sacs (ts) and seminal vesicles (sv) (dl, dorsal lobe); (E) left prostate gland; (F) right caecum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D917DA3CFFCCFFE8FEAEFADDD733FAC3" blockId="3.[313,1269,1361,1736]" box="[313,524,1361,1385]" pageId="3" pageNumber="879">
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCCFFE8FEAEFADDD733FAC3" box="[313,524,1361,1385]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="879">Internal characters</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D917DA3CFFCCFFE8FEF6FAFDD6C3FA42" blockId="3.[313,1269,1361,1736]" pageId="3" pageNumber="879">
Septa 8/9/10 absent, 7/8 and 10/11–12/13 thickened. Gizzard round in IX and X. Intestine enlarged from XV. Intestinal caeca paired in XXVII, simple, long, surface slightly wrinkled (figure 1F), extending anteriorly to XIX in
<typeStatus id="0613649EFFCCFFE8FBCEFA3CD180FA62" box="[1113,1215,1456,1480]" pageId="3" pageNumber="879" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, but to XXI in aclitellate. Oesophageal hearts enlarged in X–XIII.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D917DA3CFFCCFFE8FEF6FA7CD1CBF962" blockId="3.[313,1269,1361,1736]" pageId="3" pageNumber="879">
Spermathecae four pairs in
<collectionCode id="BFB942F9FFCCFFE8FD3AFA7DD7F3F9A2" box="[685,716,1521,1544]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="3" pageNumber="879">VI</collectionCode>
–IX. Ampulla oval or heart-shaped, 9.0 mm in length, 3.2 mm in width, with a short stalk of about 1.2 mm long. Diverticulum small, with an oval, smooth, white seminal chamber 1.6 mm in length and a short coiled or twisted stalk (figure 1C). Nephridia tufted, around the wall of the alimentary canal in segment chambers of the head region anterior to 6/7 septum. Ovaries paired in XIII, folliculated, attached in medio-ventral position posterior to 12/13 septum, funnel-shaped oviduct opening in medio-ventral position anterior to 13/14.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D917DA3CFFCBFFEFFEF6FF39D1CEFE26" blockId="4.[313,1268,181,396]" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Protandry: testis sacs paired in X, smooth, oval, white in colour, medio-ventral in front of 10/11. Seminal vesicles paired in XI, large, occupied entire segmental space, surface slightly tuberculated, yellowish in colour, each with a large, white dorsal lobe (figure 1D). Seminal vesicles in XII, vestigial, yellowish, surface tuberculated (figure 1D). Prostate glands paired in XVIII, large, oval, yellowish brown, lobulated, extending anteriorly to the posterior portion of XVII and posteriorly to the anterior portion of XIX. Prostate duct short, stout, slightly curved (figure 1E).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D917DA3CFFCBFFEFFEAEFE38D4B0FE66" blockId="4.[313,1269,436,780]" box="[313,399,436,460]" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCBFFEFFEAEFE38D4B0FE66" box="[313,399,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Habitat</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D917DA3CFFCBFFEEFEF6FE59D7B0FF47" blockId="4.[313,1269,436,780]" lastBlockId="5.[313,1269,181,747]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="881" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
Mt Beidongyan at elevation of
<quantity id="1E5077D9FFCBFFEFFD5FFE58D627FE46" box="[712,792,468,492]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="880" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
is covered with natural broadleaf forests. The
<typeStatus id="0613649EFFCBFFEFFEF9FE78D4EEFDA6" box="[366,465,500,524]" pageId="4" pageNumber="880" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(1999-9) and the other clitellate (1999-23-Shen) were picked up on a narrow, paved mountain road after rain by Mr C.
<collectionCode id="BFB942F9FFCBFFEFFC0DFD98D690FD81" box="[922,943,532,555]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">T</collectionCode>
. Yao, an ornithologist who had made a routine bird survey in the area. On the same road we also collected two aclitellates of about 50-cm long in mud piles a few inches below the surface. They escaped after being brought to the laboratory. The other aclitellate (1999-16-Shen) was collected underneath a large flowerpot at the foot of the mountain slope at the High-altitude Horticulture Experimental Station of National
<collectingCountry id="A1BF9AACFFCBFFEFFB81FD3FD156FD61" box="[1046,1129,691,715]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
University, Meifeng at an elevation of
<quantity id="1E5077D9FFCBFFEFFDEDFD5FD7F2FD41" box="[634,717,723,747]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="880" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
. The mountain slope was covered with natural broadleaf forests. We also conducted an earthworm survey along the road in the Rueyen Nature Reserve at an elevation of
<quantity id="1E5077D9FFCAFFEEFC8AFF39D653FF67" box="[797,876,181,205]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="881" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</quantity>
north-east to Mt Beidongyan, but no
<taxonomicName id="1EA8A1BFFFCAFFEEFEC8FF5AD737FF47" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Tsai &amp; Shen" authorityYear="2004" box="[351,520,214,237]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="881" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCAFFEEFEC8FF5AD737FF47" box="[351,520,214,237]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="881">M. taiwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found.
</paragraph>
<caption id="8DD78AB4FFCBFFEFFEAEFCC0D1E2FCD7" pageId="4" pageNumber="880" startId="4.[313,370,844,866]">
<paragraph id="D917DA3CFFCBFFEFFEAEFCC0D1E2FCD7" blockId="4.[313,1268,844,893]" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
Table 1. A comparison of characters among
<taxonomicName id="1EA8A1BFFFCBFFEFFCB8FCC0D12AFCC8" authority="Tsai &amp; Tsai &amp; Shen, 2004" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Tsai &amp; Shen" authorityYear="2004" box="[815,1045,844,866]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="4" pageNumber="880" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="taiwanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCBFFEFFCB8FCC0D12AFCC8" box="[815,1045,844,866]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Metaphire taiwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0EFBB55FFCBFFEFFBB5FCC1D143FCC8" box="[1058,1148,845,866]" pageId="4" pageNumber="880" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="1EA8A1BFFFCBFFEFFB1BFCC0D750FCD7" authority="Tsai, Tsai and Liaw" authorityName="Tsai, Tsai and Liaw" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="4" pageNumber="880" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bununa">
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCBFFEFFB1BFCC0D4A6FCD6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Metaphire bununa</emphasis>
Tsai, Tsai and Liaw
</taxonomicName>
of Taiwan, and
<taxonomicName id="1EA8A1BFFFCBFFEFFC8AFCEBD122FCD7" authority="(Chen)" baseAuthorityName="Chen" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[797,1053,871,893]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="4" pageNumber="880" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCBFFEFFC8AFCEBD6F0FCD7" box="[797,975,871,893]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Metaphire magna</emphasis>
(Chen)
</taxonomicName>
of Hainan Island.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D917DA3CFFCBFFEFFDABFC11D145F91E" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<table id="ABA8289CFFCB0014FEAEFC10D1D7F91F" box="[313,1256,924,1717]" gridcols="4" gridrows="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFC10D1D7FC18" box="[313,1256,924,946]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="880" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFFC10D7E8FC18" box="[568,727,924,946]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<taxonomicName id="1EA8A1BFFFCBFFEFFDABFC11D7ECFC18" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Tsai &amp; Shen" authorityYear="2004" box="[572,723,925,946]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="4" pageNumber="880" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCBFFEFFDABFC11D7ECFC18" box="[572,723,925,946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">M. taiwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79FC10D68EFC18" box="[750,945,924,946]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<taxonomicName id="1EA8A1BFFFCBFFEFFC80FC11D6B9FC1B" box="[791,902,924,946]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="4" pageNumber="880" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bununa">
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCBFFEFFC80FC11D6B9FC1B" box="[791,902,924,946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">M. bununa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46FC10D1D7FC18" box="[977,1256,924,946]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<taxonomicName id="1EA8A1BFFFCBFFEFFBBEFC11D1AEFC18" baseAuthorityName="Chen" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[1065,1169,925,946]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="4" pageNumber="880" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCBFFEFFBBEFC11D1AEFC18" box="[1065,1169,925,946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">M. magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFC3BD1D7FC67" box="[313,1256,951,973]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEFC3BD71CFC67" box="[313,547,951,973]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Character</th>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFFC3BD7E8FC67" box="[568,727,951,973]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">(sp. nov.)</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79FC3BD68EFC67" box="[750,945,951,973]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
(Tsai
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCBFFEFFCBBFC3BD667FC66" box="[812,856,951,972]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">et al</emphasis>
., 2000a)
</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46FC3BD1D7FC67" box="[977,1256,951,973]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">(Chen, 1938)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFC60D1D7FBA8" box="[313,1256,1004,1026]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEFC60D71CFBA8" box="[313,547,1004,1026]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Locality</th>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFFC60D7E8FBA8" box="[568,727,1004,1026]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Taiwan</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79FC60D68EFBA8" box="[750,945,1004,1026]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Taiwan</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46FC60D1D7FBA8" box="[977,1256,1004,1026]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Hainan Island</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFB8BD1D7FBB7" box="[313,1256,1031,1053]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEFB8BD71CFBB7" box="[313,547,1031,1053]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Elevation (m)</th>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFFB8BD7E8FBB7" box="[568,727,1031,1053]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">1800–2100</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79FB8BD68EFBB7" box="[750,945,1031,1053]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">300–3000</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46FB8BD1D7FBB7" box="[977,1256,1031,1053]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFBACD1D7FB9D" box="[313,1256,1056,1079]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEFBACD71CFB9D" box="[313,547,1056,1079]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Length (mm)</th>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFFBACD7E8FB9D" box="[568,727,1056,1079]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">637–655</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79FBACD68EFB9D" box="[750,945,1056,1079]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">255–352</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46FBACD1D7FB9D" box="[977,1256,1056,1079]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">700</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFBB0D1D7FBF8" box="[313,1256,1084,1106]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEFBB0D71CFBF8" box="[313,547,1084,1106]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Weight (g)</th>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFFBB0D7E8FBF8" box="[568,727,1084,1106]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">101–121</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79FBB0D68EFBF8" box="[750,945,1084,1106]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">16.8–38.0</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46FBB0D1D7FBF8" box="[977,1256,1084,1106]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFBDAD1D7FBC6" box="[313,1256,1110,1132]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEFBDAD71CFBC6" box="[313,547,1110,1132]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Prostomium</th>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFFBDAD7E8FBC6" box="[568,727,1110,1132]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Prolobous</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79FBDAD68EFBC6" box="[750,945,1110,1132]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Pro-epilobous</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46FBDAD1D7FBC6" box="[977,1256,1110,1132]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Pro-epilobous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFBFDD1D7FB2D" box="[313,1256,1137,1159]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEFBFDD71CFB2D" box="[313,547,1137,1159]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Segment number</th>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFFBFDD7E8FB2D" box="[568,727,1137,1159]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">183–228</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79FBFDD68EFB2D" box="[750,945,1137,1159]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">189–221</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46FBFDD1D7FB2D" box="[977,1256,1137,1159]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">184</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFB07D1D7FB0B" box="[313,1256,1163,1185]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEFB07D1D7FB0B" box="[313,1256,1163,1185]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Setae number</th>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFB29D1D7FB16" box="[313,1256,1189,1212]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEFB29D71CFB16" box="[313,547,1189,1212]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">VII</th>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFFB29D7E8FB16" box="[568,727,1189,1212]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">159–188</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79FB29D68EFB16" box="[750,945,1189,1212]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">114–158</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46FB29D1D7FB16" box="[977,1256,1189,1212]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">106</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFB4CD1D7FB7D" box="[313,1256,1216,1239]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEFB4CD71CFB7D" box="[313,547,1216,1239]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">XX</th>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFFB4CD7E8FB7D" box="[568,727,1216,1239]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">143–145</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79FB4CD68EFB7D" box="[750,945,1216,1239]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">119–145</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46FB4CD1D7FB7D" box="[977,1256,1216,1239]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">132 (XIX)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFB56D1D7FB5B" box="[313,1256,1242,1265]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEFB56D71CFB5B" box="[313,547,1242,1265]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Between male pores</th>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFFB56D7E8FB5B" box="[568,727,1242,1265]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">15–24</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79FB56D68EFB5B" box="[750,945,1242,1265]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">19–29</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46FB56D1D7FB5B" box="[977,1256,1242,1265]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFB7AD1D7FAA6" box="[313,1256,1270,1292]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEFB7AD71CFAA6" box="[313,547,1270,1292]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Spermathecal pores</th>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFFB7AD7E8FAA6" box="[568,727,1270,1292]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Four pairs</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79FB7AD68EFAA6" box="[750,945,1270,1292]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Four pairs</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46FB7AD1D7FAA6" box="[977,1256,1270,1292]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Two pairs</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFA9CD1D7FA8D" box="[313,1256,1296,1319]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="880" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFFA9CD7E8FA8D" box="[568,727,1296,1319]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">(5/6/7/8/9)</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79FA9CD68EFA8D" box="[750,945,1296,1319]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">(5/6/7/8/9)</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46FA9CD1D7FA8D" box="[977,1256,1296,1319]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">(7/8/9)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFAA7D1D7FAEB" box="[313,1256,1323,1345]" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEFAA7D71CFAEB" box="[313,547,1323,1345]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Diverticulum</th>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFFAA7D7E8FAEB" box="[568,727,1323,1345]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Coiled</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79FAA7D68EFAEB" box="[750,945,1323,1345]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Slightly coiled</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46FAA7D1D7FAEB" box="[977,1256,1323,1345]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Coiled</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFAC9D1D7FAF1" box="[313,1256,1349,1371]" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEFAC9D1D7FAF1" box="[313,1256,1349,1371]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Male pores</th>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFAECD1D7FADC" box="[313,1256,1376,1398]" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEFAECD71CFADC" box="[313,547,1376,1398]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Shape</th>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFFAECD7E8FADC" box="[568,727,1376,1398]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">L-shaped</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79FAECD68EFADC" box="[750,945,1376,1398]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">C-shaped</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46FAECD1D7FADC" box="[977,1256,1376,1398]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">C-shaped</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFAF7D1D7FA3B" box="[313,1256,1403,1425]" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEFAF7D71CFA3B" box="[313,547,1403,1425]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Size</th>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFFAF7D7E8FA3B" box="[568,727,1403,1425]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Small</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79FAF7D68EFA3B" box="[750,945,1403,1425]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Large</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46FAF7D1D7FA3B" box="[977,1256,1403,1425]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFA19D1D7FA01" box="[313,1256,1429,1451]" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEFA19D7E8FA01" box="[313,727,1429,1451]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Distance/circumference 0.27–0.29</th>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79FA19D68EFA01" box="[750,945,1429,1451]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">0.23</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46FA19D1D7FA01" box="[977,1256,1429,1451]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">0.33</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFA3CD1D7FA6C" box="[313,1256,1456,1478]" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEFA3CD1D7FA6C" box="[313,1256,1456,1478]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Genital papillae</th>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFA46D1D7FA4A" box="[313,1256,1482,1504]" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEFA46D71CFA4A" box="[313,547,1482,1504]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Spermathecal region</th>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFFA46D7E8FA4A" box="[568,727,1482,1504]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Absent</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79FA46D68EFA4A" box="[750,945,1482,1504]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Absent</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46FA46D1D7FA4A" box="[977,1256,1482,1504]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Three to six near pore</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFA69D1D7FA51" box="[313,1256,1509,1531]" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEFA69D71CFA51" box="[313,547,1509,1531]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Male pore region</th>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFFA69D7E8FA51" box="[568,727,1509,1531]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Absent</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79FA69D68EFA51" box="[750,945,1509,1531]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Absent</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46FA69D1D7FA51" box="[977,1256,1509,1531]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">One inside from pore</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEFA73D1D7F9BF" box="[313,1256,1535,1557]" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEFA73D71CF9BF" box="[313,547,1535,1557]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Accessory glands</th>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFFA73D7E8F9BF" box="[568,727,1535,1557]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Absent</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79FA73D68EF9BF" box="[750,945,1535,1557]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Absent</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46FA73D1D7F9BF" box="[977,1256,1535,1557]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Present, each with bundled</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEF996D1D7F99A" box="[313,1256,1562,1584]" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="880" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46F996D1D7F99A" box="[977,1256,1562,1584]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">duct</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEF9B9D1D7F9E1" box="[313,1256,1589,1611]" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEF9B9D71CF9E1" box="[313,547,1589,1611]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Testis sacs</th>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFF9B9D7E8F9E1" box="[568,727,1589,1611]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Protandric</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79F9B9D68EF9E1" box="[750,945,1589,1611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Protandric</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46F9B9D1D7F9E1" box="[977,1256,1589,1611]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Holandric</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEF9C3D1D7F9CF" box="[313,1256,1615,1637]" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="880" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFF9C3D7E8F9CF" box="[568,727,1615,1637]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">(one pair in X)</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79F9C3D68EF9CF" box="[750,945,1615,1637]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">(one pair in X)</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46F9C3D1D7F9CF" box="[977,1256,1615,1637]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">(two pairs in X and XI)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEF9E6D1D7F92A" box="[313,1256,1642,1664]" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEF9E6D1D7F92A" box="[313,1256,1642,1664]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Seminal vesicles</th>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEF908D1D7F930" box="[313,1256,1668,1690]" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEF908D71CF930" box="[313,547,1668,1690]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">XI</th>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFF908D7E8F930" box="[568,727,1668,1690]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Large</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79F908D68EF930" box="[750,945,1668,1690]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Large</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46F908D1D7F930" box="[977,1256,1668,1690]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Small</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6798D87EFFCB0014FEAEF913D1D7F91F" box="[313,1256,1695,1717]" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">
<th id="2449B102FFCB0014FEAEF913D71CF91F" box="[313,547,1695,1717]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">XII</th>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FDAFF913D7E8F91F" box="[568,727,1695,1717]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Vestigial</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FD79F913D68EF91F" box="[750,945,1695,1717]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Vestigial or absent</td>
<td id="2449B102FFCB0014FC46F913D1D7F91F" box="[977,1256,1695,1717]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="880">Large</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D917DA3CFFCAFFEEFEF6FF79D1CAFD41" blockId="5.[313,1269,181,747]" pageId="5" pageNumber="881">
According to our observation,
<taxonomicName id="1EA8A1BFFFCAFFEEFD54FF7AD654FEA7" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Tsai &amp; Shen" authorityYear="2004" box="[707,875,246,269]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="881" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCAFFEEFD54FF7AD654FEA7" box="[707,875,246,269]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="881">M. taiwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an active terrestrial earthworm. Like
<taxonomicName id="1EA8A1BFFFCAFFEEFEE4FE99D4D3FE87" box="[371,492,277,301]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="881" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bununa">
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCAFFEEFEE4FE99D4D3FE87" box="[371,492,277,301]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="881">M. bununa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1EA8A1BFFFCAFFEEFDB2FE99D789FE86" box="[549,694,277,300]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="881" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paiwanna">
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCAFFEEFDB2FE99D789FE86" box="[549,694,277,300]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="881">M. paiwanna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of
<collectingCountry id="A1BF9AACFFCAFFEEFD4BFE99D610FE87" box="[732,815,277,301]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="881">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(Tsai
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCAFFEEFCEDFE99D695FE87" box="[890,938,277,301]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="881">et al</emphasis>
., 2000a), it lives in the upper layer of soil and perhaps moves out to the ground surface for feeding and mating in the night and after rain. It is unlike the giant
<taxonomicName id="1EA8A1BFFFCAFFEEFCECFED9D13BFEC6" authorityName="McCoy" authorityYear="1878" box="[891,1028,340,364]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Megascolides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="5" pageNumber="881" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCAFFEEFCECFED9D13BFEC6" box="[891,1028,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="881">M. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of
<collectingCountry id="A1BF9AACFFCAFFEEFBA6FED8D1A5FEC6" box="[1073,1178,340,364]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="881">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<taxonomicName id="1EA8A1BFFFCAFFEEFB4DFED9D49EFE26" class="Clitellata" family="Glossoscolecidae" genus="Glossoscolex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="881" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="giganteus">
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCAFFEEFB4DFED9D49EFE26" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="881">G. giganteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of
<collectingCountry id="A1BF9AACFFCAFFEEFE45FEF8D727FE26" box="[466,536,372,396]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="881">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, which inhabit deep soil layers in forests or grasslands (Lee, 1985). The mountain slops of Meifeng and Mt Beidongyan, where
<taxonomicName id="1EA8A1BFFFCAFFEEFBDCFE19D1CBFE06" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Tsai &amp; Shen" authorityYear="2004" box="[1099,1268,405,428]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="881" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCAFFEEFBDCFE19D1CBFE06" box="[1099,1268,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="881">M. taiwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found, face south and south-west. They receive long hours of sunlight, so that the forest floors have a thick surface organic layer above the earth mineral layer of rocks and gravel. The surface organic layer is composed of a layer of dry, loose, undecomposed leaves, and a layer of wet leaves in various decomposed stages underneath. It is speculated that this thick surface organic layer might provide a suitable habitat for this giant terrestrial earthworm for subterranean life. In contrast, the Rueyen Nature Reserve situated north-east to Mt Beidongyan, where
<taxonomicName id="1EA8A1BFFFCAFFEEFB36FDF8D4A5FD01" authorityName="Tsai &amp; Tsai &amp; Shen" authorityYear="2004" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="5" pageNumber="881" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
<emphasis id="EBDC062EFFCAFFEEFB36FDF8D4A5FD01" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="881">M. taiwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not found, faces northward. It is a shady and wet area, where fallen leaves on the ground are quickly decomposed, so that the surface organic layer is thin, apparently not a favourable habitat for an earthworm of such magnitude in size.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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