166 lines
21 KiB
XML
166 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="E3CFA7831987EBA734AF765CBDC63904" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1868.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5133591" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1627158332512" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Dennis, D. Steve, Barnes, Jeffrey K. & Knutson, Lloyd" docDate="2008" docId="038587C97436AA7E46D2FF64FF220025" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01868p098.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1868 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1868.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Machimus snowii" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="91" masterDocId="FFBCFFB1746FAA244645FFF3FFED074F" masterDocTitle="Pupal cases of Nearctic robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="90" updateTime="1699021410005" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="EA064066847DFDEF2E2A2D83449B8003">Pupal cases of Nearctic robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="09D95D0FED395AE51D1C0F44C2E78438">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F8E3E8AF9E3D1D259CDD971B04806444">Dennis, D. Steve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B3BD15EAC192837FD0E71A733715CA97">Barnes, Jeffrey K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="582BE8625BC6CFC26BD0ABD0CF2136A7">Knutson, Lloyd</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CB14EEAF6BB9FD4B099EC35B3AB08F18">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="624D28D588ACAF85A493122AF1AE26A3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="38F01812673036843335BD0D61442646">
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<mods:date id="892655344C4A2704EFA153E4777087F0">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="449E057558827903720532527F803826">2008-09-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="842BDF96385223CA522BC8065C4B987F">1868</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="897ECE966B504D26A9CFA605195C1E64">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1868.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="4A1BB0CBDE55CE8B064430C346C370D9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B79680C29F0771874060B4BE34B7385E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1868.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E413014B14D90A285F4E031C4749D985" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038587C97436AA7E46D2FF64FF220025" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5133873" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5133873" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038587C97436AA7E46D2FF64FF220025" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587C97436AA7E46D2FF64FF220025" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<subSubSection id="C33665547436AA7D46D2FF64FE2907FE" box="[151,452,151,177]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7436AA7D46D2FF64FE2907FE" blockId="89.[151,452,151,212]" box="[151,452,151,177]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<heading id="D0DB81B37436AA7D46D2FF64FE2907FE" bold="true" box="[151,452,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C7436AA7D46D2FF64FE2907FE" ID-CoL="732J6" authority="(Hine)" baseAuthorityName="Hine" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[151,452,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Machimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snowii">
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<emphasis id="B958EACD7436AA7D46D2FF64FE2907FE" bold="true" box="[151,452,151,177]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="B958EACD7436AA7D46D2FF64FE8007FE" bold="true" box="[151,365,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Machimus snowii</emphasis>
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(Hine)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33665547436AA7E46D2FF49FF220025" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7436AA7D46D2FF49FF13079B" blockId="89.[151,452,151,212]" box="[151,254,186,212]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13172A5A7436AA7D46DAFF49FF19079B" box="[159,244,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="89.[151,255,1634,1658]" captionTargetBox="[320,1266,655,1607]" captionTargetId="figure-282@89.[316,1276,647,1607]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 53. Machimus snowii (Hine), mouthpart sheaths. Abbreviations: lsh = labral sheath, msh = maxillary sheath, prsh = proboscial sheath." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5133644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5133644/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7436AA7D46D2FEF9FDFE052B" blockId="89.[151,1437,266,612]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2E7436AA7D46D2FEF9FE0E066B" author="Scarbrough, A. G. & Kuhar, T. P." box="[151,483,266,292]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="15 - 22" refId="ref56120" refString="Scarbrough, A. G. & Kuhar, T. P. (1995) Pupal cases of Machimus Loew in Maryland (Diptera: Asilidae). Maryland Entomologist, 4, 15 - 22." type="journal article" year="1995">Scarbrough & Kuhar (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567436AA7D4427FEF9FD23066B" box="[610,718,266,292]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="male">two male</specimenCount>
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pupal cases of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C7436AA7D45C6FEF9FBBF066C" baseAuthorityName="Hine" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[899,1106,266,291]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Machimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snowii">
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<emphasis id="B958EACD7436AA7D45C6FEF9FBBF066C" box="[899,1106,266,291]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Machimus snowii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the University of
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<collectingRegion id="49E8F83D7436AA7D4322FEF9FF300603" country="United States of America" name="Delaware" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Delaware</collectingRegion>
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Collection. The following, more detailed account is based on six pupal cases of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C7436AA7D42D1FEC1FAE40604" baseAuthorityName="Hine" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1172,1289,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Machimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snowii">
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<emphasis id="B958EACD7436AA7D42D1FEC1FAE40604" box="[1172,1289,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">M. snowii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with pinned adults from the
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<collectingCountry id="F33B764F7436AA7D471FFEA9FE14063B" box="[346,505,346,372]" name="United States of America" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">United States</collectingCountry>
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National Museum. Two males are labeled "Spencerville, Ont.;
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<date id="FF92101F7436AA7D42BBFEA9FA78063B" box="[1278,1429,346,372]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1938-07-23">23VII1938</date>
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; J.M. Smith" and "Newcastle, Del.; 7/23/35; Donald MacGreary Collector; L32; S.W. Bromley Collection." Four females are labeled "33, S.W. Bromley Collection," "Wellington, Kans.; E.G. Kelly Collector; Webster No. 5445; Cage No. 1867," " Whitesbog, N.J.; 5315; bred specimen; 7315; Quaintance No. 12625; H.K. Plank Collector," and "Reared from a larva maggot found in cranberry turf, maggot endured winter flooding in cranberry bog turf to
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<date id="FF92101F7436AA7D47FDFDD1FDBE0573" box="[440,595,546,572]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1916-05-01">May 1, 1916</date>
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, emerged
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<date id="FF92101F7436AA7D448AFDD1FC990573" box="[719,884,546,572]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1916-07-13">July 13, 1916</date>
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, died naturally and was pinned
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<date id="FF92101F7436AA7D42B4FDD1FA7A0573" box="[1265,1431,546,572]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" value="1916-07-29">July 29, 1916</date>
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; S.W. Bromley Collection 1955."
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5366577436AA7D46D2F991FE4E01D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5133644" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5133644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5133644/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" startId="89.[151,255,1634,1658]" targetBox="[320,1266,655,1607]" targetPageId="89">
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7436AA7D46D2F991FE4E01D3" blockId="89.[151,1435,1634,1692]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="B958EACD7436AA7D46D2F991FEC50135" bold="true" box="[151,296,1634,1658]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">FIGURE 53.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C7436AA7D4775F991FDD10136" authority="(Hine)" baseAuthorityName="Hine" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[304,572,1634,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Machimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snowii">
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<emphasis id="B958EACD7436AA7D4775F991FE000136" box="[304,493,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Machimus snowii</emphasis>
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(Hine)
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</taxonomicName>
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, mouthpart sheaths. Abbreviations: lsh = labral sheath, msh = maxillary sheath, prsh = proboscial sheath.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7436AA7D4680F923FD120075" blockId="89.[151,1437,1744,2010]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B2E7436AA7D4680F923FDFD01A5" author="Scarbrough, A. G. & Kuhar, T. P." box="[197,528,1744,1770]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="15 - 22" refId="ref56120" refString="Scarbrough, A. G. & Kuhar, T. P. (1995) Pupal cases of Machimus Loew in Maryland (Diptera: Asilidae). Maryland Entomologist, 4, 15 - 22." type="journal article" year="1995">Scarbrough & Kuhar (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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note the following additional features for
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<emphasis id="B958EACD7436AA7D45BBF923FAE001A6" box="[1022,1293,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C7436AA7D45BBF923FB6A01A6" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[1022,1159,1744,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Machimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paropus">M. paropus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C7436AA7D42D6F923FAE401A6" baseAuthorityName="Hine" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1171,1289,1744,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Machimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snowii">M. snowii</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B958EACD7436AA7D4303F923FECB005E" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C7436AA7D4303F923FEF2005E" baseAuthorityName="Hine" baseAuthorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Machimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythocnemius">M. erythocnemius</taxonomicName>
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:
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</emphasis>
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basal half or more of anterior antennal process and posterior antennal process rugose; paired thoracic spiracles and first abdominal spiracle reniform.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7436AA7E4680F8BBFED20795" blockId="89.[151,1437,1744,2010]" lastBlockId="90.[151,1437,152,1898]" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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Redescription: Greatest length, including anterior antennal processes,
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<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567436AA7D45BEF8B4FBE20014" box="[1019,1039,1863,1883]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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12.0–13.0 mm,
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<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567436AA7D428BF8B4FB0F0014" box="[1230,1250,1863,1883]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
14.0–
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||
<quantity id="4CD49B3A7436AA7D4369F8BBFA7A002D" box="[1324,1431,1864,1890]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 mm</quantity>
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; greatest width of thorax
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||
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567436AA7D47F2F89CFE2600CC" box="[439,459,1903,1923]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="4CD49B3A7436AA7D4797F883FDFA00C5" box="[466,535,1904,1930]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="3.5">3.5 m</quantity>
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||
,
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<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567436AA7D4461F89CFDD500CC" box="[548,568,1903,1923]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
3.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CD49B3A7436AA7D4436F883FD2200C5" box="[627,719,1904,1930]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
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; greatest width of abdomen
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||
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567436AA7D4258F89CFBDC00CC" box="[1053,1073,1903,1923]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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||
3.0 mm,
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||
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567436AA7D42E5F89CFB5900CC" box="[1184,1204,1903,1923]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
3.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CD49B3A7436AA7D42B5F883FAA100C5" box="[1264,1356,1904,1930]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
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, tapering to
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<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567436AA7D46A5F864FF1900E4" box="[224,244,1943,1963]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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||
1.0–
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||
<quantity id="4CD49B3A7436AA7D476AF86BFE6500FD" box="[303,392,1944,1970]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
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||
and
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||
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567436AA7D47FAF864FE3E00E4" box="[447,467,1943,1963]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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||
1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CD49B3A7436AA7D444AF86BFD8A00FD" box="[527,615,1944,1970]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
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||
at greatest width of abdominal segment 8. Integument subshining yellow tan; wing sheath sometimes darker apically; spines and other processes glistening reddish brown, darker apically, except for uniformly colored dorsal abdominal spurs and spines; bristlelike spines yellowish to yellowish brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7435AA7E4680FF1BFBEA050D" blockId="90.[151,1437,152,1898]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Head with pair of dorsally flattened, ventrally wedgeshaped anterior antennal processes not joined at base and group of 3 basally fused posterior antennal processes located ventrolaterally on each side; middle and outer posterior processes closer together and fused for greater distance, appearing shorter than inner posterior process; inner and middle posterior processes apically rounded to more acute; outer posterior process often wider than inner and middle posterior processes and becoming more acute toward anterior margin, with oval flattened area basally toward dorsum. Labral sheath mostly smooth to slightly rugulose anteriorly and around tuberclelike posterior keel. Proboscial sheath smooth or minutely rugulose, with very shallow median groove posteriorly and small tubercle usually separated from groove by flattened area of cuticle. Maxillary sheath smooth to slightly rugulose along inner margin; posterior processes absent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7435AA7E4680FDA3FC1F049D" blockId="90.[151,1437,152,1898]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Anterior coxal sheath smooth or slight rugulose along inner margin and anterior, median, longitudinal split. Prothoracic spiracle elongateoval, on small, smooth callosity with small anterior ridge, situated midlaterally at anterior margin of thorax. Anterior mesothoracic spines consisting of pair of subequal, medium length, apically narrow, acute spines above bases of sheaths of mid legs; posterior spine basally wide and straight to slightly curved posteriorly; anterior spine not as basally wide as posterior process and usually strongly curved posteriorly. Posterior mesothoracic callosity smooth to slightly rugulose anteriorly and on margin toward dorsum; with apically rounded mesothoracic spine and often slight swelling toward dorsolateral margin. Wing sheath rugose on apical third, otherwise mostly smooth to irregularly rugulose. Thoracic area above wing sheath smooth to slightly rugulose. Apex of hind leg sheath usually reaching between posterior margin of abdominal segment 2 and middle of abdominal segment 3.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7435AA7E4680FC13FA9004B5" blockId="90.[151,1437,152,1898]" box="[197,1405,992,1018]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Abdominal spiracles reddish brown, elongateoval similar to thoracic spiracles, along midline laterally.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7435AA7E4680FBFBFC86033D" blockId="90.[151,1437,152,1898]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Abdominal segment 1 with dorsal transverse row of 10–13 long, apically recurved spurs; some cases with 1 short outer spur on each side; dorsolateral bristlelike spines absent; with 3–5 recurved lateral bristlelike spines on each side; venter obscured by wing and leg sheaths.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7435AA7E4680FB73FD5B0275" blockId="90.[151,1437,152,1898]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Segments 2–6 with 1–6 (usually 1–3) short outer spines on each side and dorsal transverse row of 6 long, narrow, recurved spurs alternating with 5–9 short, wide, straight spines; short spines sometimes bifurcate or occurring in pairs, especially on segment 2, becoming narrower on more posterior segments; with 4–10 (usually 4–6) straight to apically recurved dorsolateral bristlelike spines on each side and 6–8 straight to recurved lateral bristlelike spines behind each spiracle.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7435AA7E4680FABBFF0502FD" blockId="90.[151,1437,152,1898]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Segment 7 without outer spines or with only 1 short outer spine on each side, with row of 4–6 long spurs alternating with 3–5 short, narrow spines; with 3–4 dorsolateral bristlelike spines and 5–7 lateral bristlelike spines.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7435AA7E4680FA33FD540165" blockId="90.[151,1437,152,1898]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Segment 2 with 7–11 long, recurved ventral bristlelike spines on each side of and sometimes slightly extending under hind leg sheath; segments 3–7 with complete transverse row of 23–29 straight to apically recurved bristlelike spines of irregular length.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7435AA7E4680F9CBFA7901ED" blockId="90.[151,1437,152,1898]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Segment 8 usually with 1 long inner dorsal spur and 1 short outer dorsal spur on each side of dorsal midline, minute brown spiracle at lateral midline, and 3–4 lateral bristlelike spines; male with transverse row of 2–8 ventral bristlelike spines; female with 1 long, inner, recurved spine and 1 short outer spine on each side.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7435AA7E4680F943FF220025" blockId="90.[151,1437,152,1898]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Segment 9 with pair of long, apically recurved dorsal posterolateral processes, pair of small ventral posterolateral processes about half length of dorsal posterolateral processes, and pair of apically reddishbrown, terminal posteroventral tubercles threefourths length of ventral posterolateral processes; male with pair of small, widely separated ventromedian tubercles; female with pair of minute, approximate ventromedian swellings.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |