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<document id="F12A9B470A397D6201EF8813EFA63710" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4756.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4d48d52e-6505-4f62-909f-5da5c2cfb489" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3736895" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9FF62616-A7FA-4331-AC51-0F534400631D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1585767638433" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Kluge, Nikita J." docDate="2020" docId="039787A6FF1F84E18CFBF85EDFC3FEE1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4756.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4756 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Thraulodes Ulmer 1920" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="133" masterDocId="FFAEFFDEFF9D84648C6CFFE6DB3EFFA2" masterDocTitle="Systematic position of Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) and descriptions of new and little-known species" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="131" updateTime="1698734461607" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="EB02F0B8F6F3CA6D00122BCF0B33B0BC">Systematic position of Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) and descriptions of new and little-known species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="81A37FB7856F3020EA10AEB97EB2BA19">Kluge, Nikita J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="69A2B8A78D7A73D5F46C070616DC6414">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="29F43F3170A403E87C3B719CCBF1A3F2">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6C5C02EDAFFE3536C628CF3AC6DCB04F">2020-03-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="16F9884722EA7E347D67A589336DB3D0">4756</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="2E848F66D880FB9B65C6319CB1B152C9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4756.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039787A6FF1F84E18CFBF85EDFC3FEE1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3811753" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163420766" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3811753" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787A6FF1F84E18CFBF85EDFC3FEE1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787A6FF1F84E18CFBF85EDFC3FEE1" lastPageId="133" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<subSubSection id="C324653BFF1F84E68CFBF85ED92BF870" box="[151,533,1976,2003]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF1F84E68CFBF85ED92BF870" blockId="130.[151,533,1976,2039]" box="[151,533,1976,2003]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<heading id="D0C981DCFF1F84E68CFBF85ED92BF870" bold="true" box="[151,533,1976,2003]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF1F84E68CFBF85ED92BF870" bold="true" box="[151,533,1976,2003]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
19.
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF1F84E68CAFF85EDA70F871" ID-CoL="648C7" ID-ENA="309571" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[195,334,1976,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF1F84E68CAFF85EDA70F871" bold="true" box="[195,334,1976,2003]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Thraulodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. «Palo Seco»
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C324653BFF1F84E68CFBF83ADA7DF855" box="[151,323,2012,2039]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF1F84E68CFBF83ADA7DF855" blockId="130.[151,533,1976,2039]" box="[151,323,2012,2039]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
(
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF1F84E68CF3F83ADA02F855" box="[159,316,2012,2039]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 613–625" captionStart-1="FIGURES 626–636" captionStartId-0="131.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionStartId-1="133.[151,264,1127,1152]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,337,1107]" captionTargetId-0="figure@131.[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetId-1="figure@133.[151,1436,337,1107]" captionTargetPageId-0="131" captionTargetPageId-1="133" captionText-0="FIGURES 613–625. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 613, clypeus and labrum; 614–615, left and right mandibles; 616–617, larvae with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings; 618, fragment of fore protopteron with venation of pterostigma; 619, hind protopteron; 620, fore protopteron; 621, fore tibia with dark brown hypodermal marking; 622, anterior side of fore tibia; 623, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 624, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 625, anterior side of hind femur." captionText-1="FIGURES 626–636. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 626, hind protopteron; 627–633, tergalii I–VII; 634–635, protogono- styli and protopenis at the same magnification; 636, protopenis enlarged." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737058" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737060" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3737058/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3737060/files/figure.png" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Figs 613–636</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF416638FF1E84E78CFBF8AED805F853" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737058" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3737058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737058/files/figure.png" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" startId="131.[151,264,1864,1889]" targetBox="[164,1423,181,1839]" targetPageId="131">
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF1E84E78CFBF8AED805F853" blockId="131.[151,1437,1864,2033]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF1E84E78CFBF8AEDA53F8C3" bold="true" box="[151,365,1864,1889]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">FIGURES 613–625.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF1E84E78D1FF8AFDAD8F8C3" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1920" box="[371,486,1865,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF1E84E78D1FF8AFDAD8F8C3" box="[371,486,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Thraulodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 613, clypeus and labrum; 614–615, left and right mandibles; 616–617, larvae with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings; 618, fragment of fore protopteron with venation of pterostigma; 619, hind protopteron; 620, fore protopteron; 621, fore tibia with dark brown hypodermal marking; 622, anterior side of fore tibia; 623, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 624, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 625, anterior side of hind femur.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C324653BFF1984E08CFBFF7EDF70FF75" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF1984E08CFBFF7EDF70FF75" blockId="132.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF1984E08CFBFF7EDABDFF11" bold="true" box="[151,387,152,179]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B563CEDFF1984E08DE1FF7FDF70FF75" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2594509917" collectingDate="2018-01-24" collectingDateMax="2018-01-28" collectingDateMin="2018-01-24" collectorName="N. Kluge &amp; L. Sheyko" country="Panama" latitude="8.793612" location="Altos del Valle" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-82.193054" municipality="Palo Seco" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-larva="5" stateProvince="Provincia de Bocas del Toro">
<collectingCountry id="F3297620FF1984E08DE1FF7FD939FF11" box="[397,519,153,179]" name="Panama" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FAF852FF1984E08E79FF7FD861FF11" box="[533,863,153,179]" country="Panama" name="Bocas del Toro" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Provincia de Bocas del Toro</collectingRegion>
, bosque protector
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE5ACCAFF1984E08859FF7FDF92FF11" box="[1077,1196,153,179]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Palo Seco</collectingMunicipality>
:
<location id="8EE1606BFF1984E088DBFF7FDE5BFF11" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787A6FF1F84E18CFBF85EDFC3FEE1:8EE1606BFF1984E088DBFF7FDE5BFF11" box="[1207,1381,153,179]" country="Panama" latitude="8.793612" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-82.193054" municipality="Palo Seco" name="Altos del Valle" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" stateProvince="Provincia de Bocas del Toro">Altos del Valle</location>
,
<location id="8EE1606BFF1984E08918FF7FDBEAFF75" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787A6FF1F84E18CFBF85EDFC3FEE1:8EE1606BFF1984E08918FF7FDBEAFF75" country="Panama" latitude="8.793612" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-82.193054" municipality="Palo Seco" name="Rio Buris" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" stateProvince="Provincia de Bocas del Toro">Rio Buris</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A5077FF1984E08C88FF5BDA5BFF75" box="[228,357,189,215]" degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" precision="15" seconds="37" value="8.793612">8°47’37’’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A5077FF1984E08D1DFF5AD938FF75" box="[369,518,188,215]" degrees="82" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" precision="15" seconds="35" value="-82.193054">82°11’35’’W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FF801070FF1984E08E77FF5BD98AFF75" box="[539,692,189,215]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" value="2018-01-24" valueMax="2018-01-28" valueMin="2018-01-24">
<collectingDate id="EFC4E998FF1984E08E77FF5BD98AFF75" box="[539,692,189,215]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" value="2018-01-24" valueMax="2018-01-28" valueMin="2018-01-24">24–28.I.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="26CB5366FF1984E08E9BFF5BD85EFF75" box="[759,864,189,215]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">N. Kluge</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26CB5366FF1984E08F07FF5BD8DCFF75" box="[875,994,189,215]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">L. Sheyko</collectorName>
:
<specimenCount id="9D38FD39FF1984E08F81FF5ADF74FF75" box="[1005,1098,188,215]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" type="larva">5 larvae</specimenCount>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C324653BFF1984E08CABFF06D99BF8A5" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF1984E08CABFF06DA5AFF59" blockId="132.[151,1437,152,2015]" box="[199,356,224,251]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF1984E08CABFF06DA5AFF59" bold="true" box="[199,356,224,251]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Descriptions.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF1984E08CABFEE3D95AFE71" blockId="132.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF1984E08CABFEE3DA2CFEBD" bold="true" box="[199,274,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Larva.</emphasis>
CUTICULAR COLORATION. Dorsal side of head, thorax and abdomen mostly brown with few blanks: pronotum bordered by light laterally; fore protoptera with longitudinal veins slightly darker than background (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF1984E08903FECFDBFBFECA" captionStart="FIGURES 613–625" captionStartId="131.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@131.[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURES 613–625. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 613, clypeus and labrum; 614–615, left and right mandibles; 616–617, larvae with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings; 618, fragment of fore protopteron with venation of pterostigma; 619, hind protopteron; 620, fore protopteron; 621, fore tibia with dark brown hypodermal marking; 622, anterior side of fore tibia; 623, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 624, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 625, anterior side of hind femur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737058/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Fig. 617</figureCitation>
); abdominal terga with blanks on lateral parts, area mediad of tergalii attachments on most terga nearly unicolorous brown; terga IV–V (or at least tergum V) with blank medially, terga VIII–X vary from mostly brown with median or submedian blanks (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF1984E08D8BFE73D978FE12" box="[487,582,405,432]" captionStart="FIGURES 613–625" captionStartId="131.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@131.[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURES 613–625. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 613, clypeus and labrum; 614–615, left and right mandibles; 616–617, larvae with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings; 618, fragment of fore protopteron with venation of pterostigma; 619, hind protopteron; 620, fore protopteron; 621, fore tibia with dark brown hypodermal marking; 622, anterior side of fore tibia; 623, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 624, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 625, anterior side of hind femur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737058/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Fig. 617</figureCitation>
) to nearly entirely light (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF1984E08F32FE73D8FEFE12" box="[862,960,405,432]" captionStart="FIGURES 613–625" captionStartId="131.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@131.[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURES 613–625. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 613, clypeus and labrum; 614–615, left and right mandibles; 616–617, larvae with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings; 618, fragment of fore protopteron with venation of pterostigma; 619, hind protopteron; 620, fore protopteron; 621, fore tibia with dark brown hypodermal marking; 622, anterior side of fore tibia; 623, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 624, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 625, anterior side of hind femur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737058/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Fig. 616</figureCitation>
). Femora brown, with longitudinal blanks; tibiae and tarsi uniformly light brownish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF1984E08CABFE3BDF13FDBE" blockId="132.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
HYPODERMAL COLORATION. Abdominal terga with posterior margins narrowly bordered by blackish, without other hypodermal markings. Tergalii gray, tracheae black (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF1984E08FEEFDE7DF1FFDBE" box="[898,1057,513,540]" captionStart="FIGURES 626–636" captionStartId="133.[151,264,1127,1152]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1107]" captionTargetId="figure@133.[151,1436,337,1107]" captionTargetPageId="133" captionText="FIGURES 626–636. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 626, hind protopteron; 627–633, tergalii I–VII; 634–635, protogono- styli and protopenis at the same magnification; 636, protopenis enlarged." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737060/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Figs 627–633</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF1984E08CABFDC3DAFBFD51" blockId="132.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
SHAPE AND SETATION. Clypeus slightly widened distally; labrum 1.15–1.25 times wider than clypeus (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF1984E08903FDC3DBFBFDC6" captionStart="FIGURES 613–625" captionStartId="131.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@131.[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURES 613–625. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 613, clypeus and labrum; 614–615, left and right mandibles; 616–617, larvae with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings; 618, fragment of fore protopteron with venation of pterostigma; 619, hind protopteron; 620, fore protopteron; 621, fore tibia with dark brown hypodermal marking; 622, anterior side of fore tibia; 623, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 624, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 625, anterior side of hind femur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737058/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Fig. 613</figureCitation>
). Labrum sharply widened, widest at 1/3 length from base, with lateral sides angulate; fore margin (often turned ventrally), without median emargination, with all 5 denticles wide; anterior transverse setal row regular (as in
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF1984E0891CFD8BDB88FD09" captionStart="FIGURES 86–93" captionStartId="37.[151,264,188,213]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,342,2018]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3736921/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
), as wide as all 5 denticles; fine, irregularly situated setae on ventral side of labrum near anterior margin longer and denser than in other species. Mandibles with outer margin angulate (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF1984E08FA5FD53DF57FD6D" box="[969,1129,692,719]" captionStart="FIGURES 613–625" captionStartId="131.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@131.[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURES 613–625. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 613, clypeus and labrum; 614–615, left and right mandibles; 616–617, larvae with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings; 618, fragment of fore protopteron with venation of pterostigma; 619, hind protopteron; 620, fore protopteron; 621, fore tibia with dark brown hypodermal marking; 622, anterior side of fore tibia; 623, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 624, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 625, anterior side of hind femur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737058/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Figs 614–615</figureCitation>
). Maxilla with 18 pectinate setae in apical-ventral row.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF1984E08CABFD1BD9D6FC99" blockId="132.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
Femora: Stout setae on anterior surface narrowed distally, apically truncated or pointed (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF1984E088D0FD1BDE1BFCB5" box="[1212,1317,764,791]" captionStart="FIGURES 613–625" captionStartId="131.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@131.[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURES 613–625. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 613, clypeus and labrum; 614–615, left and right mandibles; 616–617, larvae with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings; 618, fragment of fore protopteron with venation of pterostigma; 619, hind protopteron; 620, fore protopteron; 621, fore tibia with dark brown hypodermal marking; 622, anterior side of fore tibia; 623, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 624, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 625, anterior side of hind femur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737058/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Figs 625</figureCitation>
). Irregular row of hairs near inner margin present on all femora.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF1984E08CABFCA3DAEAFC4D" blockId="132.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
Fore tibia (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF1984E08D2DFCA3DADFFCC2" box="[321,481,837,864]" captionStart="FIGURES 613–625" captionStartId="131.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@131.[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURES 613–625. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 613, clypeus and labrum; 614–615, left and right mandibles; 616–617, larvae with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings; 618, fragment of fore protopteron with venation of pterostigma; 619, hind protopteron; 620, fore protopteron; 621, fore tibia with dark brown hypodermal marking; 622, anterior side of fore tibia; 623, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 624, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 625, anterior side of hind femur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737058/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Figs 621–622</figureCitation>
): outer hairs form two dense stripes of irregularly situated hairs; inner-anterior row of recurved hairs present on proximal 1/4 of tibia; inner-anterior row of stout setae represented by few (4–5) stout blunt setae in proximal 1/3 of tibia; inner field of stout pointed setae reduced: its setae as parse and small as on middle and hind legs, only near apex of tibia longer and dense setae of this row present, including subapical inner-posterior row of arched pointed setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF1984E08CABFC1FD817FBDD" blockId="132.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
Hind tibia (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF1984E08D2BFC1FDAD6FBB6" box="[327,488,1017,1044]" captionStart="FIGURES 613–625" captionStartId="131.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@131.[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURES 613–625. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 613, clypeus and labrum; 614–615, left and right mandibles; 616–617, larvae with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings; 618, fragment of fore protopteron with venation of pterostigma; 619, hind protopteron; 620, fore protopteron; 621, fore tibia with dark brown hypodermal marking; 622, anterior side of fore tibia; 623, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 624, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 625, anterior side of hind femur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737058/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Figs 623–624</figureCitation>
): each of three rows of stout setae—outer-anterior, outer-posterior and inner-anterior ones—consists of stout setae of various lengths, all narrowed distally, apically pointed or truncated; hairs located between outer-anterior and outer-posterior rows, dense and form more than one row; hairs posteriad of outer-posterior row of stout setae dense and partly form irregular row.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF1984E08CABFB6FDFC6FB01" blockId="132.[151,1437,152,2015]" box="[199,1272,1161,1187]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Claws with 6–7 denticles on rigid portion, with several minute denticles on articulatory portion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF1984E08CABFB4BDBC2FA91" blockId="132.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
Tergalii (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF1984E08D41FB4BDAF1FB6A" box="[301,463,1197,1224]" captionStart="FIGURES 626–636" captionStartId="133.[151,264,1127,1152]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1107]" captionTargetId="figure@133.[151,1436,337,1107]" captionTargetPageId="133" captionText="FIGURES 626–636. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 626, hind protopteron; 627–633, tergalii I–VII; 634–635, protogono- styli and protopenis at the same magnification; 636, protopenis enlarged." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737060/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Figs 627–633</figureCitation>
): wide; on both lamellae main trachea with many branches directed toward costal and anal margins; dorsal lamella with anal margin most convex in distal part, sharply narrowed toward apex, with short slender apical filament; ventral lamella widest near base, gradually narrowed toward apex, with short slender apical filament.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF1984E08CABFADBD914FA3D" blockId="132.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
Male genitalia in last larval instar (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF1984E08E34FADBD9C4FAFA" box="[600,762,1341,1368]" captionStart="FIGURES 626–636" captionStartId="133.[151,264,1127,1152]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1107]" captionTargetId="figure@133.[151,1436,337,1107]" captionTargetPageId="133" captionText="FIGURES 626–636. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 626, hind protopteron; 627–633, tergalii I–VII; 634–635, protogono- styli and protopenis at the same magnification; 636, protopenis enlarged." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737060/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Figs 634–636</figureCitation>
): protogonostyli separated one from another by moderately deep emargination. Each protopenes lobe with gonopore-bearing process short and located near median margin; gonopore opened caudally-laterally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF1984E08CABFA4EDFC7F91D" blockId="132.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF1984E08CABFA4EDAFDFA61" bold="true" box="[199,451,1448,1475]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Subimago and imago.</emphasis>
Unknown. Judging by hypodermal coloration of legs of mature larvae, in winged stages fore leg has blackish hypodermal pigmentation on inner-distal part of femur and on apex of tibia (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF1984E0888BFA2BDE77FA4A" box="[1255,1353,1485,1512]" captionStart="FIGURES 613–625" captionStartId="131.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@131.[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURES 613–625. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 613, clypeus and labrum; 614–615, left and right mandibles; 616–617, larvae with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings; 618, fragment of fore protopteron with venation of pterostigma; 619, hind protopteron; 620, fore protopteron; 621, fore tibia with dark brown hypodermal marking; 622, anterior side of fore tibia; 623, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 624, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 625, anterior side of hind femur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737058/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Fig. 621</figureCitation>
), while middle and hind legs either have no such pigmentation, or have such pigmentation worse developed. Judging by venation and hypodermal pigmentation of last instar larval protoptera, in winged stages fore wing with well-developed cross veins in all fields, including costal field proximad of bulla; pterostigmatic cross veins dense, perpendicular to longitudinal veins and partly anastomozed (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF1984E08E13F9BBD9DFF9DA" box="[639,737,1629,1656]" captionStart="FIGURES 613–625" captionStartId="131.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@131.[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURES 613–625. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 613, clypeus and labrum; 614–615, left and right mandibles; 616–617, larvae with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings; 618, fragment of fore protopteron with venation of pterostigma; 619, hind protopteron; 620, fore protopteron; 621, fore tibia with dark brown hypodermal marking; 622, anterior side of fore tibia; 623, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 624, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 625, anterior side of hind femur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737058/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Fig. 618</figureCitation>
); fore wing with brown macula on base of Sc near costal brace (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF1984E08CCCF967DA3AF93E" box="[160,260,1665,1692]" captionStart="FIGURES 613–625" captionStartId="131.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@131.[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURES 613–625. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 613, clypeus and labrum; 614–615, left and right mandibles; 616–617, larvae with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings; 618, fragment of fore protopteron with venation of pterostigma; 619, hind protopteron; 620, fore protopteron; 621, fore tibia with dark brown hypodermal marking; 622, anterior side of fore tibia; 623, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 624, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 625, anterior side of hind femur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737058/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Fig. 620</figureCitation>
); hind wing with larger brown macula on area of costal brace (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF1984E08FB4F967DF7EF939" box="[984,1088,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURES 613–625" captionStartId="131.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@131.[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURES 613–625. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 613, clypeus and labrum; 614–615, left and right mandibles; 616–617, larvae with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings; 618, fragment of fore protopteron with venation of pterostigma; 619, hind protopteron; 620, fore protopteron; 621, fore tibia with dark brown hypodermal marking; 622, anterior side of fore tibia; 623, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 624, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 625, anterior side of hind femur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737058/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Figs 619</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF1984E08821F967DF45F93E" box="[1101,1147,1665,1692]" captionStart="FIGURES 626–636" captionStartId="133.[151,264,1127,1152]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1107]" captionTargetId="figure@133.[151,1436,337,1107]" captionTargetPageId="133" captionText="FIGURES 626–636. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 626, hind protopteron; 627–633, tergalii I–VII; 634–635, protogono- styli and protopenis at the same magnification; 636, protopenis enlarged." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737060/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">626</figureCitation>
). Judging by hypodermal coloration of larval abdomen, winged stages have no pronounced midway spots on abdominal terga.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF1984E08CABF92FDABBF941" blockId="132.[151,1437,152,2015]" box="[199,389,1737,1763]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF1984E08CABF92FDA36F941" bold="true" box="[199,264,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Eggs.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF1984E08CABF90AD99BF8A5" blockId="132.[151,1437,152,2015]" box="[199,677,1772,1799]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF1984E08CABF90ADA70F8A5" bold="true" box="[199,334,1772,1799]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Dimension.</emphasis>
Length of mature larva
<quantity id="4CC69B55FF1984E08E31F90BD99FF8A5" box="[605,673,1773,1799]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C324653BFF1984E18CABF8F6DFC3FEE1" lastPageId="133" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8136B0FF1984E18CABF8F6DFC3FEE1" blockId="132.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastBlockId="133.[151,1436,153,323]" lastPageId="133" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF1984E08CABF8F6DA71F889" bold="true" box="[199,335,1808,1835]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Comments.</emphasis>
Larva described here, differs from other species by greater widened labrum and angulate mandibles (
<figureCitation id="13052A35FF1984E08C87F8D3DAB0F8ED" box="[235,398,1844,1871]" captionStart="FIGURES 613–625" captionStartId="131.[151,264,1864,1889]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@131.[164,1423,181,1839]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURES 613–625. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 613, clypeus and labrum; 614–615, left and right mandibles; 616–617, larvae with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings; 618, fragment of fore protopteron with venation of pterostigma; 619, hind protopteron; 620, fore protopteron; 621, fore tibia with dark brown hypodermal marking; 622, anterior side of fore tibia; 623, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 624, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 625, anterior side of hind femur." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3737058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3737058/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Figs 613–615</figureCitation>
). Among larvae described here from
<collectingCountry id="F3297620FF1984E08F56F8D3D8A8F8ED" box="[826,918,1845,1871]" name="Panama" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Panama</collectingCountry>
, only this species has wide tergalii with well developed tracheal branches (the same in some South American species). This larva cannot belong to the sympatric species
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF1984E08C9DF89BDAB8F835" box="[241,390,1917,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viviparus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF1984E08C9DF89BDAB8F835" box="[241,390,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Th. viviparus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF1984E08DE2F89BDAF1F835" bold="true" box="[398,463,1917,1943]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF1984E08DE2F89BDAF1F835" box="[398,463,1917,1943]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(whose imagines were not reared from larvae), because
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF1984E0883AF89BDFD5F835" box="[1110,1259,1917,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viviparus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF1984E0883AF89BDFD5F835" box="[1110,1259,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Th. viviparus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF1984E0889FF89BDE0BF835" bold="true" box="[1267,1333,1917,1943]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957D9FF1984E0889FF89BDE0BF835" box="[1267,1333,1917,1943]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has very thin costal cross veins on fore wing, while larval protoptera of
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF1984E08F0EF847D8B9F819" box="[866,903,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Th.</emphasis>
sp. «Palo Seco» has these veins as wide as the others. Among species, reported from mountains of western
<collectingCountry id="F3297620FF1984E08F3EF823D890F87D" box="[850,942,1989,2015]" name="Panama" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Panama</collectingCountry>
, whose larvae remain to be non-associated with imagines, these larvae could belong to
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF1884E18EEEFF7FD8D3FF11" authority="(Eaton 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Eaton" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[642,1005,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valens">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF1884E18EEEFF7FD86EFF11" box="[642,848,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Thraulodes valens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF1884E18F32FF7FD8DBFF11" author="Eaton, A. E." box="[862,997,153,179]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref69464" refString="Eaton, A. E. (1892) Ephemeridae. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoologia. Class Insecta. Order Neuroptera, pp. 1 - 16." type="book chapter" year="1892">Eaton 1892</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
: this species has well developed costal cross veins proximad of bulla, pterostigmatic cross veins transverse and anastomosed (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF1884E1881DFF5BDFC1FF75" author="Ulmer, G." box="[1137,1279,189,215]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" pagination="14 - 46" refId="ref72704" refString="Ulmer, G. (1943) Alte und neue Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) aus Sud- und Mittelamerika (Teil II). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 104, 14 - 46." type="journal article" year="1943">Ulmer 1943</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 48a) and black hypodermal markings of femora, apices of tibiae and bases of fore and hind wings. The same transverse and anastomosed pterostigmatic cross veins are present in
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF1884E18E81FEE3D8C4FEBD" authority="Navas 1924" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1924" box="[749,1018,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irretitus">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF1884E18E81FEE3D84EFEBD" box="[749,880,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Th. irretitus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B41FF1884E18F1AFEE3D8C4FEBD" author="Navas, L." box="[886,1018,261,287]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" pagination="55 - 86" refId="ref71565" refString="Navas, L. (1924) Insectos de la America Central. Broteria, 21, 55 - 86." type="journal article" year="1924">Navás 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
described as imago from neighboring
<collectingCountry id="F3297620FF1884E18CFBFECFDA2BFEE1" box="[151,277,297,323]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
; description of
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D33FF1884E18DAEFECFD978FEE1" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1924" box="[450,582,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irretitus">
<emphasis id="B94AEAA2FF1884E18DAEFECFD978FEE1" box="[450,582,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Th. irretitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is incomplete and does not allow us to recognize this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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