174 lines
18 KiB
XML
174 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="5FAA7DC1B09C89A61B51427F6AEFA511" ID-CLB-Dataset="32130" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c7db5cdc-51c3-4c2d-be5d-a8c11f59c09a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="892295" ID-ZooBank="1Ecf4C4A-09Ca-42B4-A105-67Dec7863Fe5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1505197532531" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wilson, Joseph S." docDate="2017" docId="ED726D24FFB4FFD5FF5FFE9DFA853FB5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4319.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4319 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sphaeropthalma triangularis" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="360" masterDocId="114B155CFFABFFCAFFC8FFA3FFE83C49" masterDocTitle="Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="367" masterPageNumber="329" pageNumber="360" updateTime="1698468326392" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="03022E535F785855A5366245013E3DDB">Nocturnal Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Joshua Tree National Park, Riverside County, California with the description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1BDB155C93152194A2742FE53402D539">Wilson, Joseph S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="527350F2C039235AA32E1A7119FC192E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8D18CA36AE2577451810EC81DAC5425D">
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<mods:date id="F0FEB103B65C33B5B87F180CAC2D0C16">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A07BC9A3E9632F6F8585F647A8D49C1C">2017-12-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8F403F2F12F914706E3312867813D167">4319</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="00570BEE8917D1120B38B9E662BB07CF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4319.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="ED726D24FFB4FFD5FF5FFE9DFA853FB5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6032680" ID-GBIF-Taxon="134031420" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6032680" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED726D24FFB4FFD5FF5FFE9DFA853FB5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED726D24FFB4FFD5FF5FFE9DFA853FB5" lastPageNumber="360" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">
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<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB4FFD5FF5FFE9DFD493D11" box="[151,673,318,344]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB4FFD5FF5FFE9DFD493D11" blockId="31.[151,673,318,344]" box="[151,673,318,344]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">
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<heading id="3E2C6B5EFFB4FFD5FF5FFE9DFD493D11" bold="true" box="[151,673,318,344]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="360" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB4FFD5FF5FFE9DFD493D11" authority="(Blake, 1871)" baseAuthorityName="Blake" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[151,673,318,344]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangularis">
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB4FFD5FF5FFE9DFD493D11" bold="true" box="[151,673,318,344]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB4FFD5FF5FFE9DFE1D3D11" bold="true" box="[151,501,318,344]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">Sphaeropthalma triangularis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB4FFD5FDCDFE9DFD713D11" author="Blake" box="[517,665,318,344]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360" refString="Blake, C. A. (1871) Synopsis of the Mutillidae of North America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 3, 217 - 265" type="journal article" year="1871">Blake, 1871</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB4FFD5FF5FFE25FB7A3DD2" box="[151,1170,389,411]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB4FFD5FF5FFE25FB7A3DD2" blockId="31.[151,1170,389,411]" box="[151,1170,389,411]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">
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<materialsCitation id="D5B3D66FFFB4FFD5FF5FFE25FB7A3DD2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638341872" box="[151,1170,389,411]" collectionCode="ANSP" location="Nevada" pageId="31" pageNumber="360" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Nevada" typeStatus="holotype">
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<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB4FFD5FF5FFE25FE0A3DD2" authority="Blake, 1871" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,482,389,411]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="360" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triangularis">
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB4FFD5FF5FFE25FEB63DD2" box="[151,350,389,411]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">Agama triangularis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB4FFD5FEACFE26FE0A3DD2" author="Blake" box="[356,482,389,411]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360" refString="Blake, C. A. (1871) Synopsis of the Mutillidae of North America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 3, 217 - 265" type="journal article" year="1871">Blake, 1871</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Amer. Ent. Soc., Trans. 3: 262.
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<specimenCount id="73DD17BBFFB4FFD5FCE3FE25FCA83DD2" box="[811,832,390,411]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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.
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<typeStatus id="BA606290FFB4FFD5FC82FE26FC403DD2" box="[842,936,389,411]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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data:
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<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB4FFD5FC2EFE26FBDB3DD2" box="[998,1075,389,411]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">Nevada</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectionCode id="03CA44F7FFB4FFD5FB89FE26FB6F3DD2" box="[1089,1159,389,411]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">ANSP</collectionCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB4FFD5FF5FFE64FA683E94" pageId="31" pageNumber="360" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB4FFD5FF5FFE64FC803E04" blockId="31.[151,1436,455,1021]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB4FFD5FF5FFE64FE9B3DA9" bold="true" box="[151,371,455,480]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">Diagnosis of male.</emphasis>
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This species is easily recognized by the lobe-like projections on the hind coxae. Other useful characters include the triangular shaped posterior margin of the head, the weakly excised mandible (see Pitts
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB4FFD5FAACFE4EFA7D3E4D" box="[1380,1429,492,516]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">et al</emphasis>
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. 2009: Fig. 40), the lack of mesosternal processes, and the unique triangulate posterior projection of the apex of the hind tibia. Genitalia are illustrated by Pitts
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB4FFD5FDB1FD96FD593E05" box="[633,689,564,588]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">et al.</emphasis>
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(2009: Fig. 26).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB4FFD5FF0FFDF4FA683E94" blockId="31.[151,1436,455,1021]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB4FFD5FF0FFDF4FE5E3E39" bold="true" box="[199,438,599,624]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">Diagnosis of female.</emphasis>
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This species has the dorsum of the body covered with sparse erect brachyplumose setae, but the integument is not obscured; the ventral margin of the mandible has a slight excision, but lacks a long erect tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina; the head below eyes is parallel; the head evenly rounded in lateral view; the first metasomal segment is sessile with the second segment; and the pygidium is longitudinally striate.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB4FFD5FF0FFD44FF543F6D" pageId="31" pageNumber="360" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB4FFD5FF0FFD44FF543F6D" blockId="31.[151,1436,455,1021]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">
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<materialsCitation id="D5B3D66FFFB4FFD5FF0FFD44FCC13F49" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1638341887" box="[199,809,743,768]" collectionCode="ANSP" location="Nevada" pageId="31" pageNumber="360" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nevada" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB4FFD5FF0FFD44FE5A3F49" bold="true" box="[199,434,743,768]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="BA606290FFB4FFD5FE73FD44FDCB3F49" box="[443,547,743,768]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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data:
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<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB4FFD5FDA4FD44FD2A3F49" box="[620,706,743,768]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">Nevada</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectionCode id="03CA44F7FFB4FFD5FD1BFD4BFCC93F49" box="[723,801,744,768]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">ANSP</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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. JTNP:
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<date id="1165FAF2FFB4FFD5FC4EFD44FBDF3F49" box="[902,1079,743,768]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360" value="2012-07-18" valueMax="2012-07-21" valueMin="2012-07-18">18–21.Jul.2012</date>
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: 1 ♂ N5.
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<date id="1165FAF2FFB4FFD5FB63FD44FA8C3F49" box="[1195,1380,743,768]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360" value="2012-10-26" valueMax="2012-10-28" valueMin="2012-10-26">26–28.Oct.2012</date>
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: 1 ♂ S9.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB4FFD5FF0FFC8CFD013FC6" pageId="31" pageNumber="360" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB4FFD5FF0FFC8CFE773F25" blockId="31.[151,1436,455,1021]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB4FFD5FF0FFC8CFE883F01" bold="true" box="[199,352,815,840]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="1DCC9CA2FFB4FFD5FEA1FC93FE493F01" box="[361,417,816,840]" name="United States of America" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">USA</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB4FFD5FE79FC8CFDF83F01" box="[433,528,815,840]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">Arizona</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB4FFD5FDD4FC8CFD793F01" box="[540,657,815,840]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">California</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB4FFD5FD56FC8CFD1E3F01" box="[670,758,815,840]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">Nevada</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB4FFD5FCCBFC93FC703F01" box="[771,920,815,840]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">
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New
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<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB4FFD5FC88FC8CFC703F01" box="[832,920,815,840]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">
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<collectingCountry id="1DCC9CA2FFB4FFD5FC88FC8CFC703F01" box="[832,920,815,840]" name="Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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</collectingRegion>
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</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB4FFD5FC6EFC8CFC343F01" box="[934,988,815,840]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">Utah</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB4FFD5FBDEFC93FBB03F01" box="[1046,1112,816,840]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">Texas</collectingRegion>
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) and northern
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<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB4FFD5FAC9FC8CFABF3F01" box="[1281,1367,815,840]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">
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<collectingCountry id="1DCC9CA2FFB4FFD5FAC9FC8CFABF3F01" box="[1281,1367,815,840]" name="Mexico" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB4FFD5FAAFFC8CFEE13F24" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">
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Baja
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<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB4FFD5FF5FFCF7FEE13F24" box="[151,265,852,877]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">California</collectingRegion>
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</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion id="A71F12D0FFB4FFD5FEF7FCF7FE7B3F25" box="[319,403,852,876]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">Sonora</collectingRegion>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB4FFD5FF0FFCD4FD013FC6" blockId="31.[151,1436,455,1021]" box="[199,745,887,912]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB4FFD5FF0FFCD4FEC33FD9" bold="true" box="[199,299,887,912]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">Activity.</emphasis>
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This species is seemingly rare at JTNP.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2DC18FB9FFB4FFD5FF0FFC3FFA853FB5" pageId="31" pageNumber="360" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="6564DC32FFB4FFD5FF0FFC3FFA853FB5" blockId="31.[151,1436,455,1021]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB4FFD5FF0FFC3FFED33FFC" bold="true" box="[199,315,924,949]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This species is placed in its own species-group (
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<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB4FFD5FCB7FC3FFB853FFC" author="Pitts" box="[895,1133,924,949]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360" refString="Pitts, J. P. & Sadler, E. A. (2015) Description of a new species and species-group of Sphaeropthalma Blake (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) with an updated classification of the genus. Zootaxa, 3947 (2), 282 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3947.2.10" type="journal article" year="2015">Pitts & Sadler 2015</bibRefCitation>
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), and seems to be closely related to members of the
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<taxonomicName id="A2DBA7B1FFB4FFD5FE0AFC63FDD63F91" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[450,574,960,984]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Sphaeropthalma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB4FFD5FE0AFC63FDD63F91" box="[450,574,960,984]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">S. unicolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species-group (e.g. Pitts et al. 2010b). It also seems to be more abundant at the northern extent of its range (
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<tableCitation id="2859E989FFB4FFD5FE36FC47FDBB3FB5" box="[510,595,996,1021]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,239,727,750]" captionText="TABLE 2. Total abundance by species at JTNP and Ash Meadows Wildlife Refuge (AMWR)." pageId="31" pageNumber="360">Table 2</tableCitation>
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&
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<tableCitation id="2859E989FFB4FFD5FDBEFC47FD6E3FB5" box="[630,646,996,1020]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="35.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparison of various sites from faunal studies: Ferguson (1967), Allred (1973), Pitts et al. (2009, 2010 a) and Boehme et al. (2012). Algodones = Algodones Sand Dunes (Sonoran Desert), Deep Canyon = Philip L. Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center (Sonoran Desert), JTNP = Joshua Tree National Park (Sonoran and Mojave deserts), AMNWR = Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge (Mojave Desert) and NTS = the Nevada Test Site (Mojave Desert and Great Basin Desert).? = may be found in this location with further collecting." pageId="31" pageNumber="360">3</tableCitation>
|
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; Pitts
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<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB4FFD5FD04FC46FCEC3FB5" box="[716,772,996,1020]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">et al.</emphasis>
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2009, 2010a; Wilson
|
||
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB4FFD5FC33FC46FBDB3FB5" box="[1019,1075,996,1020]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">et al.</emphasis>
|
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2010;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="014AA1C3FFB4FFD5FB48FC47FA893FB5" author="Boehme" box="[1152,1377,996,1021]" pageId="31" pageNumber="360" refString="Boehme, N. F., Tanner, D. A., Williams, K. A. & Pitts, J. P. (2012) Faunal study of the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa, 3587, 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Boehme
|
||
<emphasis id="57AF0020FFB4FFD5FB2DFC46FAF53FB5" box="[1253,1309,996,1020]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="360">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |