163 lines
13 KiB
XML
163 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1401" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58c27ec8-2527-4528-b89e-a688e1b154d7" ID-PMC="PMC3260767" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-130-299" ID-PubMed="22259284" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-130-299" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 130" ModsDocTitle="Ptychoptera deleta Novák, 1877 from the Early Miocene of the Czech Republic: redescription of the first fossil attributed to Ptychopteridae (Diptera)" checkinTime="1451249863931" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Krzeminski, Wieslaw & Prokop, Jakub" docDate="2011" docId="D79924F37DEEBC0377B35EE9B9996E61" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 130: 299-305" docOrigin="ZooKeys 130" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1401" docTitle="Ptychoptera deleta Novak 1877" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="302" masterDocId="7F4EB510FFC13D09DE481B08A179FFA7" masterDocTitle="Ptychoptera deleta Novak, 1877 from the Early Miocene of the Czech Republic: redescription of the first fossil attributed to Ptychopteridae (Diptera)" masterLastPageNumber="305" masterPageNumber="299" pageNumber="301" updateTime="1668152267476" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Ptychoptera deleta Novak, 1877 from the Early Miocene of the Czech Republic: redescription of the first fossil attributed to Ptychopteridae (Diptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Krzeminski, Wieslaw</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prokop, Jakub</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>130</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>299</mods:start>
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<mods:end>305</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1401</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1401</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-130-299</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152030914" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D79924F37DEEBC0377B35EE9B9996E61" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D79924F37DEEBC0377B35EE9B9996E61" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="302" pageId="2" pageNumber="301">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="301" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="301">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Ptychoptera_deleta" authority="Novak, 1877" authorityName="Novak" authorityYear="1877" class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychoptera deleta" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deleta">
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Ptychoptera deleta
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Novák">Novak</normalizedToken>
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, 1877
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</taxonomicName>
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Figs 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="301" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="301">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychoptera deleta" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deleta">Ptychoptera deleta</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Novák">Novak</normalizedToken>
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, 1877: p. 88, Pl. II, Fig.1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="301">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychopterula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychopterula deleta" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deleta">Ptychopterula deleta</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Novák">Novak</normalizedToken>
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, 1877):
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<bibRefCitation author="Handlirsch, A" journalOrPublisher="Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums Wien" pageId="4" pageNumber="303" pagination="263 - 272" title="Zur Phylogenie und Fluegelmorphologie der Ptychopteriden (Dipteren). Annalen des K. K." volume="23" year="1909">Handlirsch (1909)</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 264, 269.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="301">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Liriope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liriope" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Liriope</taxonomicName>
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("
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychopterula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychopterula" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ptychopterula</taxonomicName>
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") deleta (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Novák">Novak</normalizedToken>
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, 1878): Peus (1958):p. 12, fig. 17.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="301" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="301">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="301">Rs very short; R4+5 five times longer than Rs; R4 nearly as long as R4+5; wing coloration pattern with isolated subapical spot and without spot on R2.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="302" pageId="2" pageNumber="301" type="redescription">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="301">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="302" pageId="2" pageNumber="301">
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Wing with original coloration pattern of dark clouds visible in medial and distal part; Sc rather long, ending opposite proximal third part of R3; R1
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="302" start="start">long</pageBreakToken>
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; cross vein r-r (R2) at its about two lengths before tip of R1; Rs very short; R4+5 five times longer than Rs; R4 nearly as long as R4+5; cross vein r-m just before forks of Rs and of M; distal part R5 and most part of medial veins not preserved, cross vein m-cu about its length behind origin of M3+4; A1 rather long, its distalmost section strongly curved to posterior wing margin.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="302">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="302">
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Figure 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychoptera deleta" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deleta">Ptychoptera deleta</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Novák">Novak</normalizedToken>
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, 1877 A photograph of holotype specimen No. NM-P947 B original line drawing of wing venation from
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<bibRefCitation author="Novak, O" journalOrPublisher="Sitzungsberichte der Koeniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe" pageId="4" pageNumber="303" pagination="71 - 96" title="Fauna der Cyprisschiefer des Egerer Tertiaerbeckens." volume="76" year="1877">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Novák">Novak</normalizedToken>
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(1877)
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</bibRefCitation>
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C line drawing of wing venation (reconstruction) D
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychoptera agnes" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agnes">Ptychoptera agnes</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Krzemiński">Krzeminski</normalizedToken>
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and Zwick, 1993, drawing of wing venation (scale bar represents 1 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="302" type="dimensions">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="302">Dimensions.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="302">Length of wing fragment about 7 mm, probable total length about 7.1 mm; maximum width about 1.8 mm.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="302" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="302">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="302">No. NM-P947 (imprint of nearly complete wing with medio-apical part missing, posterior wing margin is partially broken, venation well preserved with traces of original pattern of coloration). Specimen is housed in collection of National Museum in Prague, Czech Republic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="302" type="age and layer">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="302">Age and layer.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="302">
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Early Miocene (Ottnangian/Karpatian), Cypris Formation (grey claystone) sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Rojik, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Czech Geological Society" pageId="4" pageNumber="303" pagination="173 - 185" title="New stratigraphic subdivision of the Tertiary in the Sokolov Basin." volume="49" year="2004">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rojík">Rojik</normalizedToken>
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(2004)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="302" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="302">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="302">
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We provide a re-description of the holotype specimen with several inaccurate characters in wing venation corrected in comparison to the original drawing of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Novák">Novak</normalizedToken>
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, e.g., ending of R1 to anterior wing margin, indication of coloration pattern, A1 basally running parallel to Cu for long distance and ending in posterior wing margin, several missing or present cross-veins. Moreover, we supplement the description by the first photograph of this specimen (unavailable in 1877).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="302">
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Unfortunately the single diagnostic wing character (M1+2 fork) of the subfamily
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="302" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ptychopterinae">Ptychopterinae</taxonomicName>
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is not preserved. However, the wing venation pattern with very well visible crossvein r-m positioned just before M forking into M1+2 and M3+4, and original color pattern of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychoptera deleta" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deleta">Ptychoptera deleta</taxonomicName>
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show considerable similarities to recent species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychoptera" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ptychoptera</taxonomicName>
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. These are distinct apomorphic characters present only in this genus within the family
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<taxonomicName family="Ptychopteridae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="302" rank="family">Ptychopteridae</taxonomicName>
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. The wing venation of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychoptera deleta" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deleta">Ptychoptera deleta</taxonomicName>
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is somewhat similar to the recent
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychoptera agnes" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agnes">Ptychoptera agnes</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Krzemiński">Krzeminski</normalizedToken>
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& Zwick, 1993 described from Hungary (Figs 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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). This fact is not surprising due to the Early Miocene age of our fossil (about 18-16 Ma) and considerably high morphological stability of insects (
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<bibRefCitation author="Nel, A" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="4" pageNumber="303" pagination="49 - 55" title="Go to the species in paleoentomology: illusion or necessity." volume="8" year="2009">Nel and Prokop 2009</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hoernschemeyer, T" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="4" pageNumber="303" pagination="300 - 311" title="How long can insect species exist? Evidence from extant and fossil Micromalthus beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera)." volume="158" year="2009">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hörnschemeyer">Hoernschemeyer</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Finally, our present re-examination of the holotype confirms the great erudition of the Czech pioneer palaeontomologist Dr Ottomar
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Novák">Novak</normalizedToken>
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who correctly attributed the fossil species to the otherwise modern genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ptychopteridae" genus="Ptychoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ptychoptera" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ptychoptera</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |