139 lines
14 KiB
XML
139 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.521.5995" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a568b1f4-c38e-4dc3-aedf-9c76f286ed1e" ID-PMC="PMC4591716" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-521-1" ID-PubMed="26448718" ID-ZBK="805ABD44DDDA4AA39923022B2E908525" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-521-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 521" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the Australian digger wasps in the genus Sphex (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae)" checkinTime="1451243981026" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Doerfel, Thorleif H. & Ohl, Michael" docDate="2015" docId="CEAD291B2D2FF545921C843A3FA5B0C5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 521: 1-104" docOrigin="ZooKeys 521" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.521.5995" docTitle="Sphex gracilis Doerfel & Ohl, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="90735F36-DD7A-434E-8AEE-B36314076386" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FFB3A27E1A08E42AFFD24120D40FFFB7" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Australian digger wasps in the genus Sphex (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae)" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1668160700254" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the Australian digger wasps in the genus Sphex (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Doerfel, Thorleif H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ohl, Michael</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>521</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>104</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.521.5995</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.521.5995</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-521-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">805ABD44DDDA4AA39923022B2E908525</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">805ABD44DDDA4AA39923022B2E908525</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152062382" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:90735F36-DD7A-434E-8AEE-B36314076386" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CEAD291B2D2FF545921C843A3FA5B0C5" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Sphecidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/90735F36-DD7A-434E-8AEE-B36314076386" class="Insecta" family="Sphecidae" genus="Sphex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphex gracilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">Sphex gracilis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="29" pageNumber="30">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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Holotype. ♂, AUSTRALIA:NSW: 35 km N of Menindee, 26.11.1988, N. W. Rodd (AMS). Paratypes. AUSTRALIA:NSW: Broken Hill, 1♂, 15.02.1942, C. E. Chadwick (AMS); 40 km W of Cobar, 3♂, 12.11.1985, N. W. Rodd (AMS); 30 km N of Euston, 1♀, 28.11.1988, N. W. Rodd (AMS); Fowlers Gap, 114 km SW of Broken Hill, Barrier Range, 2♂, 21.12.1988, G. J. & R. L. Langston (CAS); Gilgandra, 4♀, 1♂, Nov-Dec 1986, G. A. Holloway (AMS); 40 km E of Gol
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<pageBreakToken pageId="30" pageNumber="31" start="start">Gol</pageBreakToken>
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, 1♂, 27.11.1992, N. W. Rodd (AMS); Lightning Ridge, 1♂, 14.10.1989, I. D. Buddle (AMS); 20 km N of Menindee, 1♀, 10.11.1985, N. W. Rodd (AMS), 35 km N of Menindee, 2♂, 26.11.1988, N. W. Rodd (AMS); Pooncarie, 1♂, 27.11.1991, N. W. Rodd (AMS), 3♀, 28.11.1992, N. W. Rodd (AMS); 112 km N of Wentworth, 1♂, 28.11.1991, N. W. Rodd (AMS); 15 km E of Hillston, 1♀, 29.11.1988, N. W. Rodd (AMS); SA: Calperum Station 16 km N Renmark,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-34.048332">34°02.9'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="140.70334">140°42.2'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1♀, 03.12.2010, V. Ahrens & W. J. Pulawski (CAS), 1♂, 04.12.2010, V. Ahrens & W. J. Pulawski (CAS); 17 km E of Renmark, 1♀, 23.11.1977, D. K. McAlpine & M. A. Schneider (AMS); 3 km N Renmark,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-34.158333">34°09.5'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="140.73666">140°44.2'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1♂, 02.12.2010, V. Ahrens & W. J. Pulawski (CAS).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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This species differs from other Australian
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sphecidae" genus="Sphex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphex</taxonomicName>
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of the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sphecidae" genus="Sphex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphex resplendens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="resplendens">Sphex resplendens</taxonomicName>
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group in having a combination of the following features: erect setae on clypeus uniformly silvery-white, metasoma black, and clypeal surface without wrinkles. Further
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<pageBreakToken pageId="31" pageNumber="32" start="start">more</pageBreakToken>
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, the metasoma of female
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sphecidae" genus="Sphex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphex gracilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">Sphex gracilis</taxonomicName>
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is considerably slenderer than that of other examined species (Fig. 18A).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Body black. Wing membrane hyaline, with fuscous band at apex. Wing veins orange to light brown. Appressed pubescence and erect setae on clypeus and frons silvery. Pubescence on mesosoma silvery-white. Scutellum with shallow medial impression. Pubescence on propodeal enclosure short and sparse, leaving sculpture easily visible.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Female: Body length 19.9-25.9 mm. Mandible basally and ventral part of clypeus reddish, distal tarsomeres sometimes inconspicuously orange. Wing veins darker near apex. Forebasitarsal rake with 5-8 spines which are markedly short and stout. Free clypeal margin faintly convex medially. Clypeus mostly glabrous, only laterally with pubescence. Distance between hind- ocelli equal to their shortest distance to compound eyes. Pubescence on scutum denser laterally and posteriorly. Scutellum flat. Length of petiole nearly equal to flagellomere II. Tomentum very sparse on metasomal tergum I, absent on tergum II.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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Male: Body length 18.5-20.6 mm. Forewing membrane sometimes with yellow tinge, hindwing membrane entirely hyaline. Wing veins light brown, sometimes orange, often darker near apex, sometimes uniformly colored. Free clypeal margin simple, concave towards center. Clypeus with narrow medial glabrous stripe, ventral part also glabrous. Distance between hind- ocelli 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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their shortest distance to compound eyes. Pubescence on scutum denser laterally. Scutellum convex. Length of petiole 1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of flagellomere II. Tomentum dense on metasomal tergum I, moderately dense on tergum II. Metasomal tergum V and VI with few bristles. Metasomal sterna
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<normalizedToken originalValue="II–VI">II-VI</normalizedToken>
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mostly glabrous, apical margin of metasomal sternum VII and VIII covered with silvery pubescence. Metasomal sternum VIII entire, its lateral margin inconspicuously concave.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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Figure 18.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sphecidae" genus="Sphex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphex gracilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">Sphex gracilis</taxonomicName>
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. A ♀, habitus B ♂, habitus C ♂ with brown wing veins and without yellow tinge on wings D ♂ with orange wing veins and a yellow tinge on wings E collecting localities, the combined symbol indicates that males and females were found in the same locality.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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At first, the males and females of this species look quite different. While the habitus of the male matches that of most examined species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sphecidae" genus="Sphex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphex</taxonomicName>
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, the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="female’s">female's</normalizedToken>
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metasoma is much slenderer and seems longer than that of other species. Nonetheless, they most likely are the same species, as indicated by the following features.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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One of the most important characters that connect both sexes is the uniformly silvery pubescence on the clypeus. In at least six of the ten other Australian species in the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sphecidae" genus="Sphex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphex resplendens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="resplendens">Sphex resplendens</taxonomicName>
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group, the erect setae on the clypeus are black. Of the remaining four species, two are colored bright orange. One of the other two has extremely unusual structures on the clypeal surface. Concerning the last remaining species other than
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sphecidae" genus="Sphex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphex gracilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">Sphex gracilis</taxonomicName>
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, male and female individuals were found that have both silvery and golden pubescence on the clypeus as well as on the propodeum, a unique trait among the studied material.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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Moreover, this is also the only species in the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sphecidae" genus="Sphex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphex resplendens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="resplendens">Sphex resplendens</taxonomicName>
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group where some males and females (see below for explanation) have the wing membrane entirely hyaline (excluding the apical margin), even at the base, and without any yellow. Both also have a very similar sculpture on the propodeal enclosure, and they also share the same length, density and orientation of its pubescence. Finally, the collecting localities show that both sexes occur in close proximity (Fig. 18E).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="32" pageNumber="33" start="start">There</pageBreakToken>
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seems to be some variability among individuals, but they are nonetheless presumed to be of a single species. In both sexes, there are specimens that come from the same collecting series and are distinctively different in their wing coloration. One group possesses brown wing veins and wings that have no hint of yellow (Fig. 18C), the other group has orange wing veins and (in males) a yellow tinge in the basal half of the forewing membrane (Fig. 18D).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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Gracilis is a Latin adjective meaning
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“slender”">"slender"</normalizedToken>
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. It refers to the habitus of the female metasoma.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |