416 lines
49 KiB
XML
416 lines
49 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AB997C136B3DB31B0173301F1FD69CF7">Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C2CF909326F432534EF8C6310FD18619">Cárdenas, Paco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AC8DA325ED2CA80FD709F3CA9B8ED1F1">Menegola, Carla</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6EB19A63EC64829AD5A3C4AA20FD14E7">Rapp, Hans Tore</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="21469D1C488B2F292207C7CCA6C9A747">Díaz, Maria Cristina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="26A28290772C91E16E4E0317303D55DC">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EAB57F9ADFC9D369059E58702085CD65">2276</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FD6D27AA4C3217FF4B2B31BDC4EB91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5689922" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119626231" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5689922" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD6D27AA4C3217FF4B2B31BDC4EB91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD6D27AA4C3217FF4B2B31BDC4EB91" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA4C3219FF4B2B31BF4AEC2B" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4C3219FF4B2B31BC06EC0E" blockId="6.[151,577,1839,1900]" box="[151,577,1839,1865]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="D0A36B5DAA4C3219FF4B2B31BC06EC0E" bold="true" box="[151,577,1839,1865]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4C3219FF4B2B31BC06EC0E" authority="Uliczka, 1929" authorityName="Uliczka" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,577,1839,1865]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apion">
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA4C3219FF4B2B31BC06EC0E" bold="true" box="[151,577,1839,1865]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA4C3219FF4B2B31BF38EC0E" bold="true" box="[151,383,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cinachyrella apion</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4C3219FE522B31BC7EEC0E" author="Uliczka" box="[398,569,1839,1865]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" refString="Uliczka, E. (1929) Die tetraxonen Schwamme Westindiens (auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Reise Kukenthal-Hartmeyer). Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, supplement 16, 35 - 62, pl I." type="journal article" year="1929">Uliczka, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4C3219FF4B2B4CBF4AEC2B" blockId="6.[151,577,1839,1900]" box="[151,269,1874,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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(
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<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA4C3219FF432B4CBF44EC2B" box="[159,259,1874,1900]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1609,1633]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,269,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,269,1580]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) [ZMBN 80958]: A. Gross morphology; B. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. ect: ectosome. Scale: 1 mm; C. Cross – section of oscule. ptI: protriaenes I, ptII: protriaenes II. Scale: 0.5 mm; D. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; E. Anatriaene. Scale: 10 µm; F. Sigmaspire. Scale: 1 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191091/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA4C3219FF4B2B88BC4AECEA" box="[151,525,1942,1965]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4C3219FF4B2B88BC4AECEA" blockId="6.[151,820,1942,2034]" box="[151,525,1942,1965]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA4C3219FF4B2B88BF45ECEA" box="[151,258,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Synonyms</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4C3219FED32B88BC45ECEA" author="Rutzler" box="[271,514,1942,1965]" pageId="6" pageNumber="38" refString="Rutzler, K. & Smith, K. P. (1992) Guide to the Western Atlantic species of Cinachyrella (Porifera: Tetillidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 105, 148 - 164." type="journal article" year="1992">Rützler & Smith 1992</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA4C3218FF4B2BA7BA4DEBB3" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4C3219FF4B2BA7BD73ECB5" blockId="6.[151,820,1942,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44FB1FAA4C3219FF4B2BA7BD73ECB5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4C3219FF4B2BA7BC55EC88" authority="Uliczka, 1929: 43" authorityName="Uliczka" authorityPageNumber="43" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,530,1976,2000]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apion">
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA4C3219FF4B2BA7BF0CEC97" box="[151,331,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cinachyra apion</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF5FA20AA4C3219FE8D2BA6BC55EC88" author="Uliczka" box="[337,530,1976,1999]" page="43" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1929">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4C3219FE8D2BA6BFACEC88" author="Uliczka" box="[337,491,1976,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" refString="Uliczka, E. (1929) Die tetraxonen Schwamme Westindiens (auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Reise Kukenthal-Hartmeyer). Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, supplement 16, 35 - 62, pl I." type="journal article" year="1929">Uliczka, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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: 43
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, figs. 16–21, pl. I, fig. 4.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4C3219FF4B2BC5BC7DECB5" authority="Uliczka, 1929: 38" authorityName="Uliczka" authorityPageNumber="38" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,570,2011,2034]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rizophyta">
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA4C3219FF4B2BC5BF34ECB5" box="[151,371,2011,2034]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cinachyra rizophyta</emphasis>
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5FA20AA4C3219FEA52BC5BC7DECB5" author="Uliczka" box="[377,570,2011,2034]" page="38" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1929">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4C3219FEA52BC5BC54ECB5" author="Uliczka" box="[377,531,2011,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" refString="Uliczka, E. (1929) Die tetraxonen Schwamme Westindiens (auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Reise Kukenthal-Hartmeyer). Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, supplement 16, 35 - 62, pl I." type="journal article" year="1929">Uliczka, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 38
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, figs. 1–10, pl. I, fig. 1.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4D3218FF4B2C86BDDDEB96" blockId="7.[151,1115,152,244]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44FB1FAA4D3218FF4B2C86BDDDEB96" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4D3218FF4B2C86BC64EBE8" authority="Lamarck, 1815" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1815" box="[151,547,152,175]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cavernosa">
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FF4B2C86BF3BEBE8" box="[151,380,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cinachyra cavernosa</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FE5E2C86BC64EBE8" author="Lamarck" box="[386,547,152,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. (1815) Suite des polypiers empates. Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 1, 69 - 80, 162 - 168, 331 - 340." type="journal article" year="1815">Lamarck, 1815</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FDF62C86BC22EBE8" box="[554,613,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sensu</emphasis>
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de
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF5FA20AA4D3218FD502C86BD3AEBE8" author="Laubenfels" box="[652,893,152,175]" page="128" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1950">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FD502C86BD0EEBE8" author="Laubenfels" box="[652,841,152,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1950) The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipelago. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 27, 1 - 154, pls I - II." type="journal article" year="1950">Laubenfels, 1950</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 128
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 56, pl. II, fig. 7.
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<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4D3218FF4B2CA4BFC8EB96" box="[151,399,186,209]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="subterranea">
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FF4B2CA4BFC8EB96" box="[151,399,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cinachyra subterranea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
van
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF5FA20AA4D3218FE1F2CA4BC8FEB96" author="Soest" box="[451,712,186,209]" page="337" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1981">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FE1F2CA4BCD3EB96" author="Soest" box="[451,660,186,209]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" refString="van Soest, R. W. M. & Sass, D. (1981) Marine sponges from an island cave on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 51, 332 - 344." type="journal article" year="1981">Soest & Sass, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 337
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 4, pl. II, fig. 2.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4D3218FF4B2CC3BA4DEBB3" blockId="7.[151,1115,152,244]" box="[151,1034,221,244]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44FB1FAA4D3218FF4B2CC3BA4DEBB3" box="[151,1034,221,244]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4D3218FF4B2CC3BC51EBB3" authority="Uliczka, 1929" authorityName="Uliczka" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,534,221,244]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FF4B2CC3BF22EBB3" box="[151,357,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cinachyrella apion</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FEAE2CC3BC49EBB3" author="Uliczka" box="[370,526,221,244]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" refString="Uliczka, E. (1929) Die tetraxonen Schwamme Westindiens (auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Reise Kukenthal-Hartmeyer). Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, supplement 16, 35 - 62, pl I." type="journal article" year="1929">Uliczka, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF5FA20AA4D3218FDFC2CC3BCA3EBB3" author="Rutzler" box="[544,740,221,244]" page="200" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1987">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FDFC2CC3BCE9EBB3" author="Rutzler" box="[544,686,221,244]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" refString="Rutzler, K. (1987) Tetillidae (Spirophorida, Porifera): a taxonomic reevaluation. In: Vacelet, J. & Boury-Esnault, N. (Eds.) Taxonomy of Porifera. NATO ASI Series, vol. G 13. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 187 - 203." type="journal article" year="1987">Rützler 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 200
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA4D3218FCFF2CC3BD06EBB3" box="[803,833,221,244]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="g" value="2.0">2g</quantity>
|
||
; 3b–g; 4a, c; 5d, e.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA4D3218FF4B2D39BD69E9EF" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4D3218FF4B2D39BD1CEA07" blockId="7.[151,1437,294,2012]" box="[151,859,294,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FF4B2D39BF44EA07" box="[151,259,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF6293AA4D3218FF4B2D39BF44EA07" box="[151,259,295,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4544F4AA4D3218FECD2D38BF16EA07" box="[273,337,294,320]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||
4911, St. Thomas,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4D3218FDE82D38BC9FEA07" box="[564,728,294,320]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
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||
(not seen).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4D3218FF1A2D54BFCDEACF" blockId="7.[151,1437,294,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FF1A2D54BF72EA24" box="[198,309,330,355]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4544F4AA4D3218FE9D2D54BFD1EA23" box="[321,406,330,356]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ZMBN</collectionCode>
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||
80958, Adriana’s reef,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA4D3218FD632D54BCB6EA23" box="[703,753,330,356]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
depth;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4544F4AA4D3218FC8F2D54BDEFEA23" box="[851,936,330,356]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ZMBN</collectionCode>
|
||
81785,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4544F4AA4D3218FBCE2D54BA15EA23" box="[1042,1106,330,356]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">STRI</collectionCode>
|
||
Point,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA4D3218FB6C2D54BAA5EA23" box="[1200,1250,330,356]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
depth; 4 other specimens collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4D3218FF1A2D8CBAB5EA97" blockId="7.[151,1437,294,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FF1A2D8CBC64EAEC" box="[198,547,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Additional material examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4D3218FDED2D8CBD54EAEC" box="[561,787,402,427]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FDED2D8CBD54EAEC" box="[561,787,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cinachyrella apion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4544F4AA4D3218FCFD2D8CBD31EAEB" box="[801,886,402,428]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ZMBN</collectionCode>
|
||
81789, Key Largo, Florida; UFBA-POR 2232, Barra/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4D3218FF3E2DA8BF7EEA97" box="[226,313,438,464]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pyramidellidae" genus="Ondina" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Ondina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4D3218FE992DA8BFE8EA97" box="[325,431,438,464]" name="El Salvador" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Bahia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4D3218FDD12DA8BC1FEA97" box="[525,600,438,464]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE60BAF6AA4D3218FDB82DA8BCA9EA97" box="[612,750,438,464]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="15" value="-13.011666">13°00'42'' S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE60BAF6AA4D3218FCDA2DA8BDDBEA97" box="[774,924,438,464]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="15" value="-38.52">38°31'12'' W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, C. Menegola col., intertidal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4D3218FF1A2DC4BD69E9EF" blockId="7.[151,1437,294,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FF1A2DC4BFE6EAB4" box="[198,417,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Outer morphology</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA4D3218FE6F2DC4BFBEEAB3" box="[435,505,474,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1609,1633]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,269,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,269,1580]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) [ZMBN 80958]: A. Gross morphology; B. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. ect: ectosome. Scale: 1 mm; C. Cross – section of oscule. ptI: protriaenes I, ptII: protriaenes II. Scale: 0.5 mm; D. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; E. Anatriaene. Scale: 10 µm; F. Sigmaspire. Scale: 1 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191091/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Massive, small spherical sponge that can reach
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA4D3218FBBC2DC4BADCEAB3" box="[1120,1179,474,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. External color alive is orange, as well as the choanosome. In ethanol, color becomes yellowish. The surface is very hispid, which hides the true color of the sponge, and gives it a rather sandy color. Generally one oscule (ca
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA4D3218FA512E3CBE82E927" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
of diameter), which can be found in any part of the sponge. Porocalices (
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA4D3218FBC02E58BA27E927" box="[1052,1120,582,608]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
of diameter) are numerous and evenly distributed, especially on the sides. No macro-epibionts were found growing on this species, except filamentous red algae. No budding was observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA4D3218FF1A2EACBDA4EE87" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4D3218FF1A2EACBA8DEF57" blockId="7.[151,1437,294,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FF1A2EACBF6DE98C" box="[198,298,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA4D3218FEE62EACBFC6E98B" box="[314,385,690,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1609,1633]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,269,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,269,1580]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) [ZMBN 80958]: A. Gross morphology; B. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. ect: ectosome. Scale: 1 mm; C. Cross – section of oscule. ptI: protriaenes I, ptII: protriaenes II. Scale: 0.5 mm; D. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; E. Anatriaene. Scale: 10 µm; F. Sigmaspire. Scale: 1 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191091/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The skeleton organization is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4D3218FC0C2EACBA25E98C" box="[976,1122,690,715]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alloclada">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FC0C2EACBA25E98C" box="[976,1122,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. alloclada</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except for the presence of trichodragmata. Radial bundles of oxeas cross the choanosome until and beyond the surface. A whitish ectosome layer is visible with the naked eye (ca
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA4D3218FCD82EE4BD2EE853" box="[772,873,762,788]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
), it has less sigmas than in the choanosome. Anatriaenes are tangled with the oxea bundles. The cladomes of anatriaenes are placed in or just under the ectosome layer, or protruding beyond the surface. Protriaenes I and protriaenes II are present only around the oscules and porocalices (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA4D3218FE632F78BC41E8C7" box="[447,518,870,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1609,1633]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,269,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,269,1580]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) [ZMBN 80958]: A. Gross morphology; B. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. ect: ectosome. Scale: 1 mm; C. Cross – section of oscule. ptI: protriaenes I, ptII: protriaenes II. Scale: 0.5 mm; D. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; E. Anatriaene. Scale: 10 µm; F. Sigmaspire. Scale: 1 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191091/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Protriaene cladomes were not found in the sponge, but only at its surface. Trichodragmata were common in the choanosome (never in the ectosome), with no particular orientation. Smaller stout oxeas, Haplosclerida-like, dispersed in the choanosome with no particular orientation. A few crystalline round structures (diameter of 91–127 µm) are present in the choanosome, only visible in thick sections. In the choanosome there are also some foreign spicules, foraminifera and diatoms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4D3218FF1A2804BFC4EE12" blockId="7.[151,1437,294,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FF1A2804BF6FEF74" box="[198,296,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
(measurements of ZMBN 80958) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA4D3218FD0B2804BD59EF73" box="[727,798,1050,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1609,1633]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,269,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,269,1580]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) [ZMBN 80958]: A. Gross morphology; B. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. ect: ectosome. Scale: 1 mm; C. Cross – section of oscule. ptI: protriaenes I, ptII: protriaenes II. Scale: 0.5 mm; D. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; E. Anatriaene. Scale: 10 µm; F. Sigmaspire. Scale: 1 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191091/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D–F).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FCAC2804BA44EF74" box="[880,1027,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Megascleres</emphasis>
|
||
: (a) oxeas I, large, length: 2088–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FF4B2821BEAFEF1F" box="[151,232,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3526.2</emphasis>
|
||
–4800 µm (N=14); width: 11–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FD942821BC3CEF1F" box="[584,635,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">31.3</emphasis>
|
||
–37 µm (N=14). (b) oxeas II (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA4D3218FC042820BA5BEF1F" box="[984,1052,1086,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1609,1633]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,269,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,269,1580]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) [ZMBN 80958]: A. Gross morphology; B. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. ect: ectosome. Scale: 1 mm; C. Cross – section of oscule. ptI: protriaenes I, ptII: protriaenes II. Scale: 0.5 mm; D. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; E. Anatriaene. Scale: 10 µm; F. Sigmaspire. Scale: 1 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191091/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D), foreign?, short, stout, length: 141–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FF08287DBF5EEF3B" box="[212,281,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">169.9</emphasis>
|
||
–219 µm; width: 6–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FDCC287DBC70EF3B" box="[528,567,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">9.4</emphasis>
|
||
–13.6 µm. (c) protriaenes I, rhabdome length:> 2040 µm (rhabdomes broken); rhabdome width: 4–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FE2A2899BC5CEFE7" box="[502,539,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5.2</emphasis>
|
||
–7 µm; clad length: 33–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FCE02899BD1EEFE7" box="[828,857,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">74</emphasis>
|
||
–113 µm. (d) protriaenes II, rhabdome length:> 1440 (rhabdomes broken); rhabdome width: 2–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FD0C28B5BCB2EF83" box="[720,757,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2.9</emphasis>
|
||
–4 µm; clad length: 8–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FBD428B5BA7BEF83" box="[1032,1084,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">20.7</emphasis>
|
||
–29 µm. (e) anatriaenes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA4D3218FAB728B5BEE2EFAF" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1609,1633]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,269,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,269,1580]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) [ZMBN 80958]: A. Gross morphology; B. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. ect: ectosome. Scale: 1 mm; C. Cross – section of oscule. ptI: protriaenes I, ptII: protriaenes II. Scale: 0.5 mm; D. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; E. Anatriaene. Scale: 10 µm; F. Sigmaspire. Scale: 1 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191091/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E), very common, rhabdome with whip–like end, rhabdome length: 2232–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FBCF28D1BA09EFAF" box="[1043,1102,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3708</emphasis>
|
||
–4800 µm (N=4); rhabdome width: 2–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FED528EDBF69EE4B" box="[265,302,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4.1</emphasis>
|
||
–7 µm; clad length: 11–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FD9328EDBCC4EE4B" box="[591,643,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">44.7</emphasis>
|
||
–68 µm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FD2C28EDBDCDEE4B" box="[752,906,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Microscleres</emphasis>
|
||
: (f) trichodragmata, length: 135–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FAC128EDBB27EE4B" box="[1309,1376,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">203.3</emphasis>
|
||
–248 µm; width: 7–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FE9E2909BF31EE77" box="[322,374,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">14.1</emphasis>
|
||
–30 µm. (g) sigmaspires (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA4D3218FD702908BCB5EE77" box="[684,754,1302,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1609,1633]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,269,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,269,1580]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) [ZMBN 80958]: A. Gross morphology; B. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. ect: ectosome. Scale: 1 mm; C. Cross – section of oscule. ptI: protriaenes I, ptII: protriaenes II. Scale: 0.5 mm; D. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; E. Anatriaene. Scale: 10 µm; F. Sigmaspire. Scale: 1 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191091/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F), spiny, length: 8.7–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FC272909BA68EE77" box="[1019,1071,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">10.4</emphasis>
|
||
–12.5 µm (N=13); width: 0.9–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FF4B2925BEFCEE13" box="[151,187,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1.2</emphasis>
|
||
–1.4 µm (N=13).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4D3218FF1A2941BDA4EE87" blockId="7.[151,1437,294,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FF1A2941BCC4EE3F" box="[198,643,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Habitat in the Bocas del Toro region.</emphasis>
|
||
Common on very shallow reefs and sand (
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA4D3218FB5F2940BABBEE3F" box="[1155,1276,1374,1400]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="0.95" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–1.5 m</quantity>
|
||
depth), often below mangrove trees. Other reports at Bocas del Toro found it growing on mangrove roots (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FAD4299DBE92EE87" author="Collin" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" refString="Collin, R., Diaz, M. C., Norenburg, J., Rocha, R. M., Sanchez, J. A., Schulze, A., Schwartz, M. & Valdes, A. (2005) Photographic identification guide to some common marine invertebrates of Bocas Del Toro, Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science, 41, 638 - 707." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Collin
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FA82299DBBDBEEDB" box="[1374,1436,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Díaz 2005), as it is often found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4D3218FDAE29B8BCFAEE87" box="[626,701,1446,1472]" name="Belize" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FD1029B8BD91EE87" author="Rutzler" box="[716,982,1446,1472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" refString="Rutzler, K. & Smith, K. P. (1992) Guide to the Western Atlantic species of Cinachyrella (Porifera: Tetillidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 105, 148 - 164." type="journal article" year="1992">Rützler & Smith 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA4D3218FF1A29D5BB04ED17" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4D3218FF1A29D5BB04ED17" blockId="7.[151,1437,294,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FF1A29D5BF12EEA3" box="[198,341,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. North and South Carolina (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FD7529D5BDF0EEA2" author="Rutzler" box="[681,951,1483,1509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" refString="Rutzler, K. & Smith, K. P. (1992) Guide to the Western Atlantic species of Cinachyrella (Porifera: Tetillidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 105, 148 - 164." type="journal article" year="1992">Rützler & Smith 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4D3218FC1129D5BA7EEEA2" box="[973,1081,1483,1509]" name="Bermuda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
(de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FBB329D5BB7FEEA2" author="Laubenfels" box="[1135,1336,1483,1509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1950) The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipelago. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 27, 1 - 154, pls I - II." type="journal article" year="1950">Laubenfels 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FA9A29D5BF04ED4F" author="Rutzler" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" refString="Rutzler, K. & Smith, K. P. (1992) Guide to the Western Atlantic species of Cinachyrella (Porifera: Tetillidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 105, 148 - 164." type="journal article" year="1992">Rützler & Smith 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Florida (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FE6329F0BC8AED4F" author="Rutzler" box="[447,717,1518,1544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" refString="Rutzler, K. & Smith, K. P. (1992) Guide to the Western Atlantic species of Cinachyrella (Porifera: Tetillidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 105, 148 - 164." type="journal article" year="1992">Rützler & Smith 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4D3218FD3E29F0BD09ED4F" box="[738,846,1518,1544]" name="Bahamas" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
(van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FC4F29F0BA32ED4F" author="Soest" box="[915,1141,1518,1544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" refString="van Soest, R. W. M. & Sass, D. (1981) Marine sponges from an island cave on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 51, 332 - 344." type="journal article" year="1981">Soest & Sass 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FB5E29F0BBC8ED4F" author="Rutzler" box="[1154,1423,1518,1544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" refString="Rutzler, K. & Smith, K. P. (1992) Guide to the Western Atlantic species of Cinachyrella (Porifera: Tetillidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 105, 148 - 164." type="journal article" year="1992">Rützler & Smith 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4D3218FF4B2A0DBF7CED6A" box="[151,315,1555,1581]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FE962A0DBFAAED6A" author="Uliczka" box="[330,493,1555,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" refString="Uliczka, E. (1929) Die tetraxonen Schwamme Westindiens (auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Reise Kukenthal-Hartmeyer). Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, supplement 16, 35 - 62, pl I." type="journal article" year="1929">Uliczka 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4D3218FDDD2A0DBC0BED6A" box="[513,588,1555,1581]" name="Belize" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FD872A0DBD23ED6A" author="Rutzler" box="[603,868,1555,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" refString="Rutzler, K. & Smith, K. P. (1992) Guide to the Western Atlantic species of Cinachyrella (Porifera: Tetillidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 105, 148 - 164." type="journal article" year="1992">Rützler & Smith 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FCAC2A0DBA09ED6A" author="Rutzler" box="[880,1102,1555,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" refString="Rutzler, K., Diaz, M. C., van Soest, R. W. M., Zea, S., Smith, K. P., Alvarez, B. & Wulff, J. (2000) Diversity of sponge fauna in mangrove ponds, Pelican Cays, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin, 476," type="book chapter" year="2000">
|
||
Rützler
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FC112A0DBA40ED6B" box="[973,1031,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4D3218FBBE2A0DBAF8ED6A" box="[1122,1215,1555,1581]" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Wulff 2000; Díaz 2005);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4D3218FF362A28BF19ED17" box="[234,350,1590,1616]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FEB12A28BD4FED17" author="Wintermann-Kilian" box="[365,776,1590,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" refString="Wintermann-Kilian, G. & Kilian, E. F. (1984) Marine sponges of the region of Santa Marta (Colombia). Part II. Homoslerophorida, Choristida, Spirophorida, Hadromerida, Axinellida, Halichondrida, Poecilosclerida. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 19, 121 - 135." type="journal article" year="1984">Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA4D3218FCC12A28BD22ED17" box="[797,869,1590,1616]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FCA82A28BA1DED17" author="Lazoski" box="[884,1114,1590,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" refString="Lazoski, C., Peixinho, S., Russo, C. A. M. & Sole Cava, A. M. (1999) Genetic confirmation of the specific status of two sponges of the genus Cinachyrella (Porifera: Demospongiae: Spirophorida) in the Southwest Atlantic. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 44, 299 - 305." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Lazoski
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FC062A29BA52ED17" box="[986,1045,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FBBA2A28BB71ED17" author="Cedro" box="[1126,1334,1590,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" refString="Cedro, V. R., Hajdu, E., Sovierzosky, H. H. & Correia, M. D. (2007) Demospongiae (Porifera) of the shallow coral reefs of Maceio, Alagoas State, Brazil. In: Custodio, M. R., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Hajdu, E. & Muricy, G. (Eds.). Porifera research: biodiversity, innovation and sustainability. Serie Livros 28, Museu Nacional, 233 - 237." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Cedro
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FB692A29BAB7ED17" box="[1205,1264,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA4D3217FF1A2A45BDC4EB91" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4D3218FF1A2A45BB04EC42" blockId="7.[151,1437,294,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FF1A2A45BC11ED33" box="[198,598,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Remarks and discussion.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4D3218FE2C2A45BC11ED33" box="[496,598,1627,1652]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apion">C. apion</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was considered to be rare in Bocas del Toro (Díaz 2005), but we found it to be fairly common, especially in Adriana’s reef. Despite the presence of oxeas II (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA4D3218FB292A60BB05EDDF" box="[1269,1346,1662,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1609,1633]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,269,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,269,1580]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) [ZMBN 80958]: A. Gross morphology; B. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture. ect: ectosome. Scale: 1 mm; C. Cross – section of oscule. ptI: protriaenes I, ptII: protriaenes II. Scale: 0.5 mm; D. Oxea II. Scale: 20 µm; E. Anatriaene. Scale: 10 µm; F. Sigmaspire. Scale: 1 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191091/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D), the morphology of our specimens completely agreed with the description of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FC302ABDBA1EEDFB" box="[1004,1113,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4D3218FC302ABDBA12EDFB" box="[1004,1109,1699,1724]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apion">C. apion</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
It is interesting to note that the short oxeas II were never previously reported in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4D3218FCE82AD9BDE6EDA7" box="[820,929,1735,1760]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FCE82AD9BDE6EDA7" box="[820,929,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. apion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and that they were not observed in our specimens from Florida. Therefore, we cannot rule out the possibility that these oxeas II were foreign.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA4D3218FF1A2B10BC25EC9B" blockId="7.[151,1437,294,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The crystalline structures in the choanosome were previously reported in this species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4D3218FAD42B11BBDBEC6F" box="[1288,1436,1807,1832]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alloclada">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FAD42B11BBDBEC6F" box="[1288,1436,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. alloclada</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FF432B2CBFF7EC0B" author="Rutzler" box="[159,432,1842,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" refString="Rutzler, K. & Smith, K. P. (1992) Guide to the Western Atlantic species of Cinachyrella (Porifera: Tetillidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 105, 148 - 164." type="journal article" year="1992">Rützler & Smith 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FE622B2CBCEBEC0B" author="Lazoski" box="[446,684,1842,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" refString="Lazoski, C., Peixinho, S., Russo, C. A. M. & Sole Cava, A. M. (1999) Genetic confirmation of the specific status of two sponges of the genus Cinachyrella (Porifera: Demospongiae: Spirophorida) in the Southwest Atlantic. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 44, 299 - 305." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Lazoski
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FDF92B2DBC25EC0B" box="[549,610,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These structures have also been observed in other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4D3218FF4B2B48BF48EC37" box="[151,271,1878,1904]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Tetillidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4D3218FEC62B49BA4CEC37" authority="Vacelet et al. (Vacelet et al. 2007)" authorityName="Vacelet et al. (Vacelet et al." authorityYear="2007" box="[282,1035,1878,1904]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="levantinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FEC62B49BC18EC37" box="[282,607,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cinachyrella levantinensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA4D3218FDBB2B48BA4CEC37" box="[615,1035,1878,1904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" refString="Vacelet, J., Bitar, G., Carteron, S., Zibrowius, H. & Perez, T. (2007) Five new sponge species (Porifera: Demospongiae) of subtropical or tropical affinities from the coast of Lebanon (eastern Mediterranean). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK, 87, 1539 - 1552." type="journal article">
|
||
Vacelet
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FD142B49BD41EC37" box="[712,774,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(Vacelet
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FCA72B49BDFEEC37" box="[891,953,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4D3218FBC42B49BB2FEC37" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" box="[1048,1384,1878,1904]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Craniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cranium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FBC42B49BABEEC37" box="[1048,1273,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Craniella cranium</emphasis>
|
||
(Müller)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4D3218FF4B2B65BFA9ECD3" authority="Carter" authorityName="Carter" box="[151,494,1914,1940]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Craniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zetlandica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FF4B2B65BFCEECD3" box="[151,393,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Craniella zetlandica</emphasis>
|
||
(Carter)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(P. Cárdenas, personal observation). Their function is still unknown, as well as their diagnostic relevance. We nonetheless emphasize the fact that these were never found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA4D3218FB2C2B81BBDBECFF" box="[1264,1436,1951,1976]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kuekenthali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA4D3218FB2C2B81BBDBECFF" box="[1264,1436,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. kuekenthali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in previous records or our specimens).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA423217FF1A2C86BDC4EB91" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,214]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Our COI sequence (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="940741D2AA423217FE682C86BC6DEBF5" box="[436,554,152,178]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ711645" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FJ711645</accessionNumber>
|
||
) was strictly identical to those of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA423217FC0B2C86BA7AEBF6" box="[983,1085,152,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA423217FC0B2C86BA7AEBF6" box="[983,1085,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. apion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Twin Cays Mangroves,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA423217FF4B2CA2BEA5EB91" box="[151,226,188,214]" name="Belize" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<accessionNumber id="940741D2AA423217FF2D2CA2BF28EB91" box="[241,367,188,214]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EF519601" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">EF519601</accessionNumber>
|
||
) and from Flatts Inlet,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA423217FDA02CA2BCAFEB91" box="[636,744,188,214]" name="Bermuda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<accessionNumber id="940741D2AA423217FD2B2CA2BD30EB91" box="[759,887,188,214]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AJ843895" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">AJ843895</accessionNumber>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |