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<document id="12B4382CBFCF0F5916E936A44B780A40" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.199882" ID-GBIF-Dataset="efb4281f-a3cb-44f7-857e-75432dce8562" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="199882" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460347854172" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Constantino, Luis Miguel &amp; Salazar, Julian A." docDate="2010" docId="03CF8A54005DFFC990FEF938FE3E1208" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02720p027.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2720" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Philaethria ostara subsp. meridensis Constantino &amp; Salazar" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FFF6F22C004FFFDF9069FF93FFC61337" masterDocTitle="A review of the Philaethria dido species complex (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) and description of three new sibling species from Colombia and Venezuela" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1698265939421" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="D9D917F9BA817ACCFCB2800EC58D622B">A review of the Philaethria dido species complex (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) and description of three new sibling species from Colombia and Venezuela</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="67D979DFD7CDD259FE3FE33BD2BE7EA2">Constantino, Luis Miguel</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="06AA1F327C9B2B285336F5528B0867D7">Salazar, Julian A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="24A34340A6BA466C540F7EC0B29BBB0E">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A6C487FB642CA152AE2F9C6B75533594">2720</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="E7E0810832282A5EE32ACF8CBBC821A8">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6AE601E13DF000FECE56EF01ED34F01B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.199882</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9E908315AC90902E0D8113AED791371A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B8A389D1526ACBD207F8BD39FBD5E199" type="Zenodo-Dep">199882</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CF8A54005DFFC990FEF938FE3E1208" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6211203" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119407534" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6211203" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF8A54005DFFC990FEF938FE3E1208" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CF8A54005DFFC990FEF938FE3E1208" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<subSubSection id="C37C68C9005DFFCD90FEF938FF3E15D1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD93B42005DFFCD90FEF938FCB815F2" blockId="18.[151,894,1707,1766]" box="[151,894,1707,1733]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D0918C2E005DFFCD90FEF938FCB815F2" bold="true" box="[151,894,1707,1733]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B912E750005DFFCD90FEF938FCB815F2" bold="true" box="[151,894,1707,1733]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005DFFCD90FEF938FCE615F2" authority="Constantino &amp; Salazar" authorityName="Constantino &amp; Salazar" box="[151,800,1707,1733]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ostara" subSpecies="meridensis">
<emphasis id="B912E750005DFFCD90FEF938FE3D15F2" bold="true" box="[151,507,1707,1733]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Philaethria ostara meridensis</emphasis>
Constantino &amp; Salazar
</taxonomicName>
, n. spp.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD93B42005DFFCD90FEF95DFF3E15D1" blockId="18.[151,894,1707,1766]" box="[151,248,1742,1766]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
(
<figureCitation id="135D27C7005DFFCD90F6F95DFF3715D1" box="[159,241,1742,1766]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 - 29. 22. P" captionStartId="17.[151,269,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[166,1435,226,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,195,1704]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 22 - 29. 22. P. ostara araguensis, ssp. nov., 3 Holotype. Choroni, Aragua, Venezuela, 23. P. ostara meridensis, ssp. nov., 3 Holotype. El Cacao, Barinas, Venezuela, 24. P. ostara ostara Chinapintza, Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador. 25. P. ostara ostara, Tingo Maria, Huanuco, Peru. 26. P. browni, sp. nov., 3 Holotype. Barinas, Venezuela. 27. P. browni, sp. nov., Ƥ Allotype. Barinas, Venezuela. 28. P. romeroi, sp. nov., 3 Holotype. Rancho Grande, Aragua, Venezuela. 29. P. romeroi, sp. nov., 3 Paratype. Rancho Grande, Aragua, Venezuela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199886/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C68C9005DFFCC90FEF886FDD21250" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD93B42005DFFCD90FEF886FF1D14AD" blockId="18.[151,1436,1813,2018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B912E750005DFFCD90FEF886FED71419" bold="true" box="[151,273,1813,1838]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005DFFCD9171F884FE3D1419" box="[280,507,1814,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ostara" subSpecies="meridensis">
<emphasis id="B912E750005DFFCD9171F884FE3D1419" box="[280,507,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. ostara meridensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recognized by the HW medial postdiscal band beige in color (red in
<emphasis id="B912E750005DFFCD957FF884FAA61419" box="[1302,1376,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. di d o</emphasis>
) and wide (in
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005DFFCD916AF8A8FE371465" box="[259,497,1851,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ostara" subSpecies="araguensis">
<emphasis id="B912E750005DFFCD916AF8A8FE371465" box="[259,497,1851,1874]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. ostara araguensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is narrow), HW inner postdiscal band dark brown (black
<emphasis id="B912E750005DFFCD94CBF8A8FAD51465" box="[1186,1299,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
in
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005DFFCD94ABF8A8FAD51465" box="[1218,1299,1850,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dido">P. dido</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
), HW with submarginal band very narrow with inner and outer black borders, HW postcellular spots small, FW anal cell bar black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD93B42005DFFCC90ACF835FDD21250" blockId="18.[151,1436,1813,2018]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,467]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B912E750005DFFCD90ACF835FDF51489" bold="true" box="[197,563,1958,1983]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Haploid chromosome number:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005DFFCD9253F834FCDB1489" box="[570,797,1958,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ostara" subSpecies="meridensis">
<emphasis id="B912E750005DFFCD9253F834FCDB1489" box="[570,797,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. ostara meridensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
contains a haploid chromosome number of n = 21
<emphasis id="B912E750005DFFCD90ACF85AFE9014D5" bold="true" box="[197,342,1993,2018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description.</emphasis>
Forewing length 46–48. Dorsal side of thorax and abdomen black, ventral side of abdomen and thorax white. Dorsal forewing ground color black with green-lemon bands like in
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC940FFF0AFB061387" box="[1126,1216,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005CFFCC940FFF0AFB7A1387" box="[1126,1212,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dido">P. dido</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Ventral surface of hindwings with medial postdiscal band beige and wider between cells Cu2-Cu1, and Cu1-M3, (inner and outer bands parallel in
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC917CFF77FE0F13CC" box="[277,457,228,251]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. o s t a r a o s t a r a</emphasis>
), HW inner postdiscal band black. HW medial postdiscal band beige scattered with white scales, HW medial postdiscal band very narrow between veins 2A-1A, (wide in
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC9431FE9BFACE1228" box="[1112,1288,264,287]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
P. o s t a r a
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005CFFCC94A8FE9BFACE1228" box="[1217,1288,264,287]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ostara">ostara</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
), FW medial green area large (smaller in
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005CFFCC9189FEBFFD5E1274" box="[480,664,300,323]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ostara" subSpecies="ostara">
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC9189FEBFFD5E1274" box="[480,664,300,323]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. ostara ostara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), FW medial cell bar dark brown scattered with cream scales and narrow (wide in
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005CFFCC9138FEC3FDC51250" box="[337,515,335,359]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="andrei" subSpecies="andrei">
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC9138FEC3FDC51250" box="[337,515,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. andrei andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C68C9005CFFCC90ACFEE0FEB112E5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD93B42005CFFCC90ACFEE0FEB112E5" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,467]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC90ACFEE0FEB412BC" bold="true" box="[197,370,370,395]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<typeStatus id="54DD85E0005CFFCC90ACFEE0FEC612BC" box="[197,256,371,395]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54DD85E0005CFFCC9110FEE1FE2712BD" box="[377,481,370,394]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male:
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD2005CFFCC9244FEE0FD1E12BC" box="[557,728,371,395]" name="Venezuela" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
: Barinas, El Cacao, Barinitas,
<quantity id="4C9E96A7005CFFCC9442FEE1FBB212BD" box="[1067,1140,370,394]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFD81D82005CFFCC94E9FEE1FADA12BD" box="[1152,1308,370,394]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1987-10">October 1987</date>
, F. Romero
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC90FEFE04FF061298" box="[151,192,407,431]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">leg.</emphasis>
Deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED77A387005CFFCC9102FE04FE701298" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" box="[363,438,407,431]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" name="Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola Francisco Fernandez Yepez" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MIZA</collectionCode>
,
<typeStatus id="54DD85E0005CFFCC91AFFE0BFDF11287" box="[454,567,408,432]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD2005CFFCC922FFE04FD371298" box="[582,753,407,431]" name="Venezuela" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
: Tachira, N. Tamá, Rio Negro,
<quantity id="4C9E96A7005CFFCC9404FE04FB7D1298" box="[1133,1211,407,431]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFD81D82005CFFCC94A5FE04FAB11298" box="[1228,1399,407,431]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1991-02">February 1991</date>
, F. Romero
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC9091FE28FEDC12E4" box="[248,282,443,467]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">leg</emphasis>
. (CFR).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF196BCA005CFFCC90FEF8D6FB8C14EB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199888/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[160,1426,535,1827]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8BD93B42005CFFCC90FEF8D6FB8C14EB" blockId="19.[151,1437,1861,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC90FEF8D6FEE0146A" bold="true" box="[151,294,1861,1885]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 31.</emphasis>
Morphology of male genitalia, indicating terminology adopted in the text. A.
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005CFFCC9409F8D5FAF5146A" box="[1120,1331,1862,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="romeroi">
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC9409F8D5FAF5146A" box="[1120,1331,1862,1885]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Philaethria romeroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, genitalia lateral view,
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC9176F8F5FEF0144A" box="[287,310,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">sa</emphasis>
, saccus;
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC91F1F8F5FE6D144A" box="[408,427,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vi</emphasis>
, vinculum;
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC9242F8F5FDF8144A" box="[555,574,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">te</emphasis>
, tegumen;
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC92DCF8F5FD16144A" box="[693,720,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">gn</emphasis>
, gnathos;
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC9357F8F5FC9E144A" box="[830,856,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">un</emphasis>
, uncus;
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC93DBF8F5FC0D144A" box="[946,971,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">va</emphasis>
, valva. B.
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005CFFCC9457F8F5FB6D144A" box="[1086,1195,1894,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="romeroi">
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC9457F8F5FB6D144A" box="[1086,1195,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. romeroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, genitalia dorsal view. C.
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005CFFCC90DEF815FE5214AA" box="[183,404,1926,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ostara" subSpecies="araguensis">
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC90DEF815FE5214AA" box="[183,404,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. ostara araguensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, genitalia lateral view. D.
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005CFFCC92DAF815FC4914AA" box="[691,911,1926,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ostara" subSpecies="araguensis">
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC92DAF815FC4914AA" box="[691,911,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. ostara araguensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, genitalia dorsal view. E.
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005CFFCC94C3F815FADE14AA" box="[1194,1304,1926,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="romeroi">
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC94C3F815FADE14AA" box="[1194,1304,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. romeroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, right valva enlarged, showing a prominent cone-shaped arm with a characteristic arrangement of microspines. F.
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005CFFCC954EF835FA5A148A" box="[1319,1436,1958,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="romeroi">
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC954EF835FA5A148A" box="[1319,1436,1958,1981]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. romeroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
aedeagus removed, in lateral view. G.
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005CFFCC9242F855FD5F14EA" box="[555,665,1990,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="romeroi">
<emphasis id="B912E750005CFFCC9242F855FD5F14EA" box="[555,665,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. romeroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
aedeagus, dorsal view. Scale line 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF196BCA005BFFCB90FEF81CFE8D14D1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199889/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[283,1299,213,1890]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8BD93B42005BFFCB90FEF81CFE8D14D1" blockId="20.[151,1436,1935,2022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B912E750005BFFCB90FEF81CFEA31490" bold="true" box="[151,357,1935,1959]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURES 32–41.</emphasis>
Male genitalia, with aedeagus removed in lateral view. 32.
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005BFFCB9447F81CFB721491" box="[1070,1204,1935,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diatonica">
<emphasis id="B912E750005BFFCB9447F81CFB721491" box="[1070,1204,1935,1958]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. diatonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 33.
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005BFFCB9490F81CFA8C1491" box="[1273,1354,1935,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dido">
<emphasis id="B912E750005BFFCB9490F81CFA8C1491" box="[1273,1354,1935,1958]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. dido</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
34.
<emphasis id="B912E750005BFFCB95E1F81CFEE414F1" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005BFFCB95E1F81CFED814F1" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constantinoi">P. constantinoi</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
35.
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005BFFCB913BF83CFE1214F1" box="[338,468,1967,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Metamorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wernickei">
<emphasis id="B912E750005BFFCB913BF83CFE1214F1" box="[338,468,1967,1990]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. wernickei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 36.
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005BFFCB9262F83CFD5014F1" box="[523,662,1967,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmalion">
<emphasis id="B912E750005BFFCB9262F83CFD5014F1" box="[523,662,1967,1990]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. pygmalion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 37.
<emphasis id="B912E750005BFFCB92A7F83CFCEB14F1" box="[718,813,1967,1990]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005BFFCB92A7F83CFCEF14F1" box="[718,809,1967,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neildi">P. neildi</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
38.
<emphasis id="B912E750005BFFCB9334F83CFC0214F1" box="[861,964,1967,1990]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005BFFCB9334F83CFC0614F1" box="[861,960,1967,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">P. andrei</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
39.
<emphasis id="B912E750005BFFCB939DF83CFB9114F1" box="[1012,1111,1967,1990]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. o s t a r a.</emphasis>
40.
<emphasis id="B912E750005BFFCB94E3F83CFB3114F1" box="[1162,1271,1967,1990]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005BFFCB94E3F83CFB3514F1" box="[1162,1267,1967,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="browni">P. browni</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
41.
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005BFFCB954FF83CFA5214F1" box="[1318,1428,1967,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="romeroi">
<emphasis id="B912E750005BFFCB954FF83CFA5214F1" box="[1318,1428,1967,1990]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. romeroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale line 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF196BCA005AFFCA90FEF8AEFD6014C2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199890/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" targetBox="[239,1344,187,1837]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="8BD93B42005AFFCA90FEF8AEFD6014C2" blockId="21.[151,1436,1853,2037]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B912E750005AFFCA90FEF8AEFEED1462" bold="true" box="[151,299,1853,1877]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 42.</emphasis>
A, B.
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005AFFCA9117F8ADFDC01462" box="[382,518,1854,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dido" subSpecies="dido">
<emphasis id="B912E750005AFFCA9117F8ADFDC01462" box="[382,518,1854,1877]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. dido dido</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Rio Madre de Dios, Perú. C.
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005AFFCA930EF8ADFC291462" box="[871,1007,1854,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dido" subSpecies="dido">
<emphasis id="B912E750005AFFCA930EF8ADFC291462" box="[871,1007,1854,1877]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. dido dido</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Mato Grosso Brazil. D. mating of
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005AFFCA95E1F8ADFF3A1442" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diatonica">
<emphasis id="B912E750005AFFCA95E1F8ADFF3A1442" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. diatonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. E–F. Larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005AFFCA91CDF8CDFDAD1442" box="[420,619,1886,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dido" subSpecies="chocoensis">
<emphasis id="B912E750005AFFCA91CDF8CDFDAD1442" box="[420,619,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. dido chocoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Colombia. G–H. Larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005AFFCA93FCF8CDFB791442" authority="Villavicencio" authorityName="Villavicencio" box="[917,1215,1886,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmalion">
<emphasis id="B912E750005AFFCA93FCF8CDFBE61442" box="[917,1056,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. pygmalion</emphasis>
, Villavicencio
</taxonomicName>
, Colombia. I. egg of
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005AFFCA90FEF8EDFEA614A2" box="[151,352,1918,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dido" subSpecies="chocoensis">
<emphasis id="B912E750005AFFCA90FEF8EDFEA614A2" box="[151,352,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. dido chocoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. J. Pupa of
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005AFFCA918EF8EDFCCD14A2" authority="Villavicencio" authorityName="Villavicencio" box="[487,779,1918,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dido" subSpecies="dido">
<emphasis id="B912E750005AFFCA918EF8EDFDAC14A2" box="[487,618,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. dido dido</emphasis>
, Villavicencio
</taxonomicName>
, Colombia. K. Pupa of
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005AFFCA9479F8EDFB5814A2" authority="Fr." authorityName="Fr." box="[1040,1182,1918,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B912E750005AFFCA9479F8EDFBB614A2" box="[1040,1136,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. andrei</emphasis>
, Fr.
</taxonomicName>
Guiana. L. Larva of
<emphasis id="B912E750005AFFCA95E1F8EDFEC41482" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005AFFCA95E1F8EDFF381482" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diatonica">P. diatonica</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
ACG Guanacaste, Costa Rica. M.
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005AFFCA92FCF80DFCA71482" box="[661,865,1950,1973]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vitifolia">
<emphasis id="B912E750005AFFCA92FCF80DFCA71482" box="[661,865,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Passiflora vitifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, host plant of
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C1005AFFCA9466F80DFB191482" box="[1039,1247,1950,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dido" subSpecies="chocoensis">
<emphasis id="B912E750005AFFCA9466F80DFB191482" box="[1039,1247,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. dido chocoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Rio Anchicayá, Colombia. Photos:Adrian Hoskins, H. Koloska, Gill Carter, B. Jimenez, Gregory Nielsen, Daniel Janzen, Christian Brevignon, Fredy Montero, Luis M. Constantino.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C37C68C90059FFC990ACFF0BFE3E1208" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD93B420059FFC990ACFF0BFE3E1208" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,319]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B912E7500059FFC990ACFF0BFE891387" bold="true" box="[197,335,152,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Etymology:</emphasis>
The name refers to Cordillera de Merida where this subspecies is found in
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20059FFC994F3FF04FAD71398" box="[1178,1297,151,175]" name="Venezuela" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="B912E7500059FFC990ACFF28FE3113E3" bold="true" box="[197,503,187,212]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C10059FFC9926BFF2EFD2813E3" box="[514,750,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ostara" subSpecies="meridensis">
<emphasis id="B912E7500059FFC9926BFF2EFD2813E3" box="[514,750,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P. ostara meridensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flies in premontane and montane forest habitats along the Cordillera de Merida (east slope) in the states of Barinas and Tachira, in central
<collectingCountry id="F3717BD20059FFC9945BFF4CFB6313C0" box="[1074,1189,223,247]" name="Venezuela" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
between
<quantity id="4C9E96A70059FFC9957DFF4CFA5E13C0" box="[1300,1432,223,247]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="650.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="500.0">
500–
<specimenCount id="9D60F0CB0059FFC99524FF4CFA5E13C0" box="[1357,1432,223,247]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="generic">800 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. This subspecies is rare in collections and seldom seen.
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C10059FFC99296FE96FC25122B" box="[767,995,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ostara" subSpecies="meridensis">
<emphasis id="B912E7500059FFC99296FE96FC25122B" box="[767,995,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P. ostara meridensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flies sympatrically with
<taxonomicName id="4C6640C10059FFC99493FE96FA5A122B" box="[1274,1436,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Philaethria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="neildi" subSpecies="neildi">
<emphasis id="B912E7500059FFC99493FE96FA5A122B" box="[1274,1436,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P. neildi neildi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
along the Cordillera de Merida.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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